ALE and BrainMap
Educational Course on Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis
2014 OHBM Annual Meeting - 8 June 2014
Angie Laird
Associate Professor
Department of Physics
Coordinate-Based Results in Neuroimaging Studies
Summary results of functional neuroimaging studies as represented
by statistical parametric images
(x,y,z)
(x,y,z)
(x,y,z)
(x,y,z)
(x,y,z)
(x,y,z)
Reported in the
literature in the
form of
stereotactic
coordinates
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
BrainMap Database: Archives Peak Coordinates and Metadata
“What brain regions are typically activated in a memory task in schizophrenia patients?
“Quick Author Search”
2,396 papers
11,397 contrasts
91,251 locations
Scribe: submit papers to BrainMap
Sleuth: search papers in BrainMap
GingerALE: perform meta-analyses
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
BrainMap Scribe
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
BrainMap Scribe - Screencast
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
BrainMap Scribe - Behavioral Domain and Paradigm Class
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
BrainMap Sleuth
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
BrainMap Sleuth - Screencast
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
BrainMap Sleuth - Exported Foci
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
Literature Search: Face Discrimination Studies
BrainMap Search Criteria:
“Face Monitor/
Discrimination” AND
“Normal Mapping”
Example Search Result: 2 Experiments Returned
from 1 Publication, 8 and 6 Foci Total
BrainMap Database
>2K Publications
>10K Experiments
BrainMap search yielded
396 experiments of healthy
controls that participated in
a face discrimination task
Paller et al., “Neural correlates of person
Whole brain sets of
coordinates
(foci)
from all
recognition”,
Learning
& Memory,
2003
396 Face Discrimination experiments visualized
in the BrainMap Sleuth application
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis: Activation Likelihood Estimation
BrainMap Search Criteria:
“Face Discrimination”
BrainMap Database
>2K Publications
>10K Experiments
Meta-Analysis: Where do the foci converge?
Reported coordinates are not treated as points
but as centers of probability distributions
Each foci is modeled by a 3D Gaussian distribution
x
Search results = 396 sets of coordinates
Activation Likelihood Estimation
ALE originally developed by Turkeltaub et
al. (2002); has been adopted by BrainMap
and revised and expanded several times
(Laird et al., 2005; Eickhoff et al., 2009;
2012; Turkeltaub et al., 2012)
ALE Meta-Analysis: Face Discrimination
Compute ALE scores
Determine statistical significance
Threshold final ALE images
y
L
R
P<0.05, corrected
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
BrainMap GingerALE
Talairach
or MNI
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
BrainMap GingerALE - Screencast
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
Mango - Viewing ALE Results
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
ALE Applications: Paradigm-Based Meta-Analyses
Numeracy, number processing, and calculation
Single word reading and speech production
Spatial organization of sound processing
Object naming of animals and tools
Embodiment in language
n-back working memory
Pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia
Saccades and gaze perception
Emotional processing and recognition
Pain, painful stimulation, and pain empathy
Multi-sensory imagery
Task switching
Motor learning
Anticipatory effect of choice
Noun and verb processing
Risk, reward, and decision-making
Acupuncture needle stimulation
Finger tapping
Central processing of autonomic function
Go/No-Go and response inhibition
Semantic processing and semantic memory
Movement perception, dance, and emotion
Action imitation and observation
Text, speech, and metaphor comprehension
Rectal distension
Aesthetic appraisal
Emotional processing
Diseases and Disorders
Morality, theory of mind, and empathy
Regulation of negative affect
Stuttering, dyslexia, schizophrenia, OCD, depression,
Episodic encoding and retrieval
ADHD, Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive
Swallowing, eating, and drinking
impairment, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar
Default mode processing
disorder, aphasia, psychosis, addiction, anorexia
Executive function and cognitive control
nervosa, PTSD, tinnitus, TBI, stroke, chronic pain,
Stressor-evoked blood pressure reactivity
borderline personality disorder, Huntington’s
Time perception and timing
disease, social anxiety disorder, obesity
Taste and craving, food and drug cues
Phonological processing of Chinese characters and alphabetic words
Reflexive reorienting, motor inhibition, and action updating
Sublexical speech, speech effectors, phonation and articulation
brainmap.org/pubs
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
Summary
1. Paradigm-Based ALE Meta-Analysis
L
R
P<0.05, corrected
Face Perception in Healthy Controls
2. ROI-Based ALE Meta-Analysis
L
R
P<0.05, corrected
“Meta-analytic connectivity modeling” or “MACM”
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
Summary
3. Functional Interpretation of Resting State Networks
• RSNs: long range, but functionally connected regions that exhibit coherent
fluctuations at rest; consistently identified using ICA
• ICA is a popular method of identifying RSNs to study the human connectome
• Functional interpretation of networks is
problematic given the nature of resting state fMRI
data
• Components are typically loosely grouped by
anatomy (e.g., “basal ganglia”, “frontal-parietal”,
“cerebellar”) or function (e.g., “sensorimotor”,
“visual”, “attention”, “default mode”, “executive
• However, a recent neuroinformatics
technique
that
utilized
the BrainMap
Designed to serve as
a resource for
data
interpretation
of ongoing RSN and other
human connectome
studies (brainmap.org/icns)
database offers a different
approach...
“ALE and BrainMap” ~ Educa2onal Course on Neuroimaging Meta-­‐Analysis ~ 2014 OHBM Annual Mee2ng
Thank You!
Acknowledgments
Florida International University: Matt Sutherland, Julio Yanes,
Jessica Bartley, Dane Marguglio, Kailey MacNamara, Rob Laird
UT Health Science Center San Antonio: Peter Fox, Jack Lancaster,
Mick Fox, Angela Uecker, Kim Ray, Cody Riedel
Heinrich Heine University: Simon Eickhoff