The Color of the
Central Valley
’s Child
Valley’s
Welfare System.
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs Fresno
Native Amer
100%
6%
7%
13%
16%
Asian Hispanic White Black
18%
22%
80%
11%
11%
15%
19%
12%
16%
23%
22%
32%
30%
31%
20%
29%
60%
27%
63%
62%
40%
65%
58%
50%
55%
50%
48%
49%
41%
20%
1%
9%
10%
0%
1%
CA Population
1%
FSO Population
4%
1%
CA Referrals
5%
2%
FSO Referrals
4%
CA Sub
1%
4%
4%
3%
FSO Sub
CA 1st Entries
13%
1%
2% 1%
FSO 1st Entries
CA In Care
3%
3%
FSO In Care
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs. Kern
Native Amer
100%
Asian
Hispanic
7%
7%
13%
16%
90%
White
Black
7%
11%
15%
12%
18%
23%
80%
33%
32%
38%
70%
31%
38%
30%
38%
39%
29%
60%
27%
50%
40%
50%
56%
30%
50%
48%
49%
48%
54%
50%
12%
41%
20%
10%
10%
0%
1%
CA Population
3%
Kern Pop
1%
4%
1%
CA Referrals
4%
53
1%
Kern Referrals
CA Sub
1%
1%
Kern Sub
0%
3%
1%
CA 1st Entries
1%
0%
Kern 1st Entries
2%
CA In Care
1%
1%
1%
Kern In Care
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs. Kings
Native Amer
100%
5%
7%
Asian
9%
16%
Hispanic
White
Black
9%
15%
11%
13%
18%
23%
80%
32%
32%
28%
33%
28%
30%
31%
24%
29%
60%
27%
40%
50%
58%
56%
58%
54%
48%
50%
55%
49%
41%
20%
10%
0%
1%
CA Population
3%
Kings Pop
2%
4%
CA Referrals
1%
1%
3%
4%
Kings Ref
CA Sub
1%
1%
6%
3%
Kings Sub
CA 1st Entries
1%
1%
6%
Kings 1st Entries
2%
CA In Care
1%
1%
3%
Kings In Care
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs. Madera
Native Amer
100%
3%
7%
Asian
5%
Hispanic
White
Black
4%
5%
16%
15%
6%
18%
23%
31%
80%
30%
35%
32%
29%
34%
30%
31%
29%
60%
27%
40%
50%
64%
57%
48%
62%
64%
58%
50%
49%
41%
20%
10%
0%
1%
CA Population
1%
1%
Madera Pop
4%
1%
CA Referrals
1%
Madera Ref
2%
4%
CA Sub
1%
2%
Madera Sub
1%
3%
1%
CA 1st Entries
1%
1%
Madera 1st Entries
2%
CA In Care
1%
1%
2%
Madera in Care
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs. Merced
Native Amer
100%
3%
7%
Asian
Hispanic
9%
Black
8%
9%
16%
90%
White
15%
12%
18%
23%
28%
80%
28%
32%
70%
28%
34%
33%
30%
31%
29%
60%
27%
50%
40%
61%
50%
59%
30%
61%
50%
48%
56%
49%
54%
41%
20%
10%
10%
0%
1%
CA Population
7%
1%
Merced Pop
4%
1%
CA Referrals
3%
Merced Ref
1%
4%
CA Sub
1%
2%
Merced Sub
0%
3%
1%
CA 1st Entries
2%
0%
Merced 1st Entries
1%
CA In Care
1%
1%
0%
Merced In Care
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs San Joaquin
Native Amer
Asian
Hispanic
White
Black
100%
7%
9%
15%
16%
16%
18%
18%
21%
23%
23%
80%
32%
32%
30%
31%
29%
34%
37%
32%
37%
60%
27%
40%
46%
50%
50%
48%
49%
44%
38%
36%
40%
41%
20%
12%
10%
1%
0%
CA Population
1%
SJ Pop
4%
CA Referrals
1%
1%
1%
1%
SJ Referrals
6%
4%
5%
CA Sub
SJ Sub
3%
CA 1st Entries
1%
6%
2%
SJ 1st Entries
CA In Care
1%
4%
SJ In Care
1%
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs. San Luis Obispo
Native Amer
100%
7%
Hispanic
4%
1%
White
Black
3%
4%
4%
16%
90%
Asian
15%
18%
23%
80%
32%
70%
30%
31%
66%
29%
64%
64%
62%
64%
60%
27%
50%
40%
50%
30%
50%
48%
49%
41%
20%
30%
32%
34%
32%
33%
10%
10%
0%
1%
CA Population
2%
SLO Pop
1%
4%
CA Referrals
1%
0%
SLO Ref
4%
CA Sub
0%
1%
SLO Sub
3%
1%
CA 1st Entries
0%
SLO 1st Entries
2%
CA In Care
1%
0%
SLO In Care
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs. Santa Barbara
Native Amer
100%
2%
7%
5%
Hispanic
White
Black
5%
16%
90%
Asian
6%
8%
15%
18%
23%
80%
30%
39%
32%
70%
29%
29%
30%
31%
35%
29%
60%
27%
50%
40%
50%
63%
55%
30%
64%
50%
48%
62%
49%
58%
41%
20%
10%
10%
0%
1%
CA Population
3%
SB Pop
1%
4%
1%
1%
1%
CA Referrals
SB Ref
4%
CA Sub
1%
1%
SB Sub
1%
3%
1%
CA 1st Entries
1%
SB 1st Entries
1%
0%
1%
CA In Care
1%
0%
SB In Care
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs. Stanislaus
Native Amer
100%
3%
7%
Asian
Hispanic
8%
White
Black
9%
16%
9%
15%
10%
18%
23%
80%
32%
42%
31%
30%
48%
46%
29%
53%
60%
52%
27%
40%
50%
49%
50%
48%
49%
41%
41%
43%
34%
20%
10%
0%
1%
CA Population
5%
Stan Pop
1%
4%
1%
CA Referrals
3%
Stan Ref
0%
4%
CA Sub
1%
2%
Stan Sub
0%
3%
1%
CA 1st Entries
3% 1%
Stan 1st Entries
35%
2%
CA In Care
1%
2%
1%
Stan In Care
2005 - Ethnicity and the Path Through the Child Welfare System
California vs. Tulare
Native Amer
100%
White
Black
4%
16%
90%
Hispanic
3%
2%
7%
Asian
15%
18%
25%
23%
27%
30%
33%
80%
6%
2%
34%
32%
70%
30%
31%
29%
60%
27%
50%
40%
70%
50%
62%
30%
68%
64%
50%
48%
57%
49%
41%
20%
10%
10%
0%
1%
CA Population
2%
Tulare Pop
1%
4%
1%
CA Referrals
1%
Tulare Ref
1%
4%
CA Sub
1%
1%
Tulare Sub
1%
3%
1%
CA 1st Entries
2%
1%
Tulare 1st Entries
2%
CA In Care
1%
1% 1%
Tulare In Care
Disproportionality vs. Disparity
• Disproportionality
Disproportionality exists when a group makes up a
proportion of those in an event that is different than that
same group’s proportion of the population.
• Disparity
Disparity compares one group’s experience to that of
another group.
Disproportionality Index vs
Disparity Index
• The Disproportionality Index compares the
proportion of those experiencing an event that
are member of one group to that group's
proportion of the underlying population.
If the group of interest is overrepresented, a
comparison group is likely to be underrepresented.
• The Disparity Index compares the likelihood of
one group experiencing an event to the likelihood
of another group.
What is the Difference?
Disproportionality Index
Disparity Index
Non Black
Non Black
Black
Black
Ratio
%
%
Ratio
Black
Children in
Total Child
Children in
Total Child
Foster Care
Population
Foster Care
Population
Ratio
%
%
Disproportionality Index and Disparity Index by Ethnicity for Children ages 0 to 17
California 2004
Numbers
Type of Analysis
Ethnicity
Referrals
Total
Black
White
Hispanic
Asian/PI
Native American
Total
Substantiated
Black
Referrals
White
Hispanic
Asian/PI
Native American
First Entries(*)
Total
Black
White
Hispanic
Asian/PI
Native American
Entries
Total
Black
White
Hispanic
Asian/PI
Native American
In Care on July 1
Total
Black
White
Hispanic
Asian/PI
Native American
n
491,202
68,469
140,557
206,534
16,520
3,942
111,034
16,180
32,593
51,519
3,901
1,151
27,079
4,851
8,348
12,613
826
329
33,337
6,563
10,372
14,951
911
428
79,650
24,457
21,751
30,823
1,608
959
%
100.00
13.94
28.61
42.05
3.36
0.80
100.00
14.57
29.35
46.40
3.51
1.04
100.00
17.91
30.83
46.58
3.05
1.21
100.00
19.69
31.11
44.85
2.73
1.28
100.00
30.71
27.31
38.70
2.02
1.20
CensusNumbers
n
9,575,520
695,837
3,076,406
4,473,778
931,255
72,152
9,575,520
695,837
3,076,406
4,473,778
931,255
72,152
9,212,678
606,448
2,960,075
4,333,602
921,026
67,920
9,575,520
695,837
3,076,406
4,473,778
931,255
72,152
9,575,520
695,837
3,076,406
4,473,778
931,255
72,152
%
100.00
7.27
32.13
46.72
9.73
0.75
100.00
7.27
32.13
46.72
9.73
0.75
100.00
6.58
32.13
47.04
10.00
0.74
100.00
7.27
32.13
46.72
9.73
0.75
100.00
7.27
32.13
46.72
9.73
0.75
Disproportionality
Index
DisparityIndex
Compared Compared Compared Compared Compared
w/all Others w/Black w/White w/Hispanic w/Asian
1.918
0.891
0.900
0.346
1.065
2.067
0.847
0.827
0.323
1.066
1.000
0.464
0.469
0.180
0.555
2.154
1.000
1.010
0.388
1.196
2.131
0.990
1.000
0.384
1.183
5.547
2.576
2.602
1.000
3.080
2.005
0.914
0.993
0.361
1.376
2.177
0.878
0.987
0.338
1.380
1.000
0.456
0.495
0.180
0.686
2.195
1.000
1.087
0.395
1.506
2.019
0.920
1.000
0.364
1.385
5.551
2.529
2.749
1.000
3.808
2.721
0.959
0.990
0.305
1.648
3.097
0.941
0.982
0.283
1.656
1.000
0.353
0.364
0.112
0.606
2.836
1.000
1.032
0.318
1.718
2.748
0.969
1.000
0.308
1.664
8.919
3.145
3.245
1.000
5.401
2.709
0.968
0.960
0.281
1.704
3.128
0.954
0.927
0.261
1.713
1.000
0.357
0.354
0.104
0.629
2.798
1.000
0.991
0.290
1.759
2.822
1.009
1.000
0.293
1.775
9.642
3.446
3.416
1.000
6.064
4.225
0.850
0.828
0.208
1.598
5.655
0.794
0.720
0.191
1.605
1.000
0.201
0.196
0.049
0.378
4.971
1.000
0.974
0.244
1.880
5.101
1.026
1.000
0.251
1.929
20.355
4.095
3.990
1.000
7.698
2005 Disproportionality vs. Disparity
Rate Relative to Non-Black
Children in Care 7/1/2005
Disproportionality Index
4.5
Disparity Index
4.25
3.86
4
3.58
3.57
3.41
3.42
3.5
3.07
2.96
3
3.24
3.17
3.12
2.77
2.55
2.52
2.43
2.47
2.5
1.98
2
1.92
1.88
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Fresno
Kern
Kings
Madera
Merced
San Joaquin
San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara
Stanislaus
Tulare
CITATIONS:
The suggested way to cite the above data is as follows:
Needell, B., Webster, D., Armijo, M., Lee, S., Cuccaro-Alamin, S.,
Shaw, T., Dawson, W., Piccus, W., Magruder, J., Exel, M., Smith, J.
, Dunn, A., Frerer, K., Putnam Hornstein, E., & Ataie, Y. (2006).
Child Welfare Services Reports for California. Retrieved [month day,
year], from University of California at Berkeley Center for Social
Services Research website. URL:
<http://cssr.berkeley.edu/CWSCMSreports/>
Thank You!