Wireless Broadband Deployment
Agenda
& Other Latest Technology Trends13th ITU Sub-regional Meeting,
Yangon, Myanmar
Presented by:
Part 1- Technology Trends
- wireless alphabet soup
-other related technologies
Part 2- Policy and Regulatory Trends
-putting issues in perspective
-other related issues
Laina Raveendran Greene
ITU consultant
laina@getit.org
www.getit.org
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
Part 2: Regulatory and Policy Trends
Putting things in perspective
This session purpose:
a) simplify
b) gather data
c) formulate framework
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
a) Simplify-Legacy Approaches
Telegraph
Telephone
International Telegraph Union
1897 Marconi Radio
1902 Wireless
Telegraphy over sea
CCIT
60s-Satellite
-TV
CCIR
- Bell Labs cellular
International
Telecommunications
Union
1970s-frequency hardware
1984- 25,000 cellular users
WTO
Pagers, cordless phones
IETF, IEEE
1990s-Mobile takes off
1990s-WLL
1990s-Internet
2001-Wi-fi
2005- 1.9 billions cellular users
a) Simplify-Legacy Approaches
Wireless vs fixed
~“de facto” vs “de jure”
Private &
competition
Nationalized/
government
&/or
monopoly
Private &
competition
PAL
NTSC
CDMA
GSM
OSI
SS7
IP protocols
TDMA
Marconi stds
SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA
&
HARMFUL INTERFERENCE
KEY DRIVERS FOR COORDINATION
(government and private players)
INTERCONNECTIVITY
&
INTEROPERABILITY
KEY DRIVERS FOR REGULATION
(government players)
1
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
a) Simplify-Legacy Approaches
a) Simplify-Legacy Approaches
convergence
New technologies1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Multipoint to multipoint
Network
service
applications
Challenge natural monopoly arguments
Led to AT&T divestiture by Justice Dpt
GATS- basic versus value added
WTO Basic rounds
Competition laws in telecom
•Digitisation
•Broadband
•IP
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
a) Simplify-Global Approaches
a) Simplify-Legacy Approaches
Liberalisation Trends
Network
service
applications
Basic vs VAN/VAS
Facilities based vs services based
Technology neutral
1)
2)
Convergence
•
•
•
•
ITU International Telecommunications Regulations
Convergence regulations e.g. Malaysia, Singapore
Technology neutral regulations
Internet/IP bringing convergence to developing world
Mobile as VAN/VAS
Internet as VAN/VAS or closed user group
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
B) Data-Triple/Quad Play
Telecom vs
Point to point
-no content regulation
-facilities regulation
•-QOS
•-interconnectivity
•Interoperability
broadcasting vs
Point to multipoint
•content regulation
•Decency
•IPR
-some facilties regulation
•-spectrum
•-harmful interfererence
b) Data policy issues
computing vs mobile
Closed user group
-little or no content
regulation
-little or facilties
regulation
Convergence- digitization, broadband, IP
New World
• User driven applications
surpassing voice
• Competitive market
• Customer-driven
network and services/
P2P/Mesh
Old World
• Primarily voice
• Regulated monopoly
• Network-driven
services
Competitive –
Carrier/or some
As VAN/VASYet became basic
Service Provider
Network
Multipoint to multipoint
Cisco
Service Provider
Network
2
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
A Basic Radio System
Radios use electromagnetic waves that have a frequency in what is known as
the “radio spectrum,” which means about 3 kHz to 400 GHz to communicate
information. From AM radios to satellite systems, they all work similarly and follow
this basic structure:
This session purpose:
a) simplify
b) gather data
Antenna
c) formulate framework
Antenna
Transmission Line
Transmission Line
Transmitter
The transmitter generates the
radio signal and feeds it to an
antenna by a transmission line.
Paul Margie, FCC, Making
wireless work for Nigeria
Workshop, 2003
b) Data-spectrum issues
BANDWIDTH
USED
160 KHz
Military
L
1.5 - 1.6 GHz
47 MHz
Commercial
C
6/4 GHz
800 MHz
Commercial
X
8/7 GHz
500 MHz
Military
Ku
14/12 GHz
Ka
Q
V
30/20 GHz
44/20 GHz
64/59 GHz
500 MHz
2500 MHz
1000 MHz
3500 MHz
5000 MHz
Commercial
Commercial
Military
Military/DOT
Military
1 GHz -
UHF
800 MHz -
Land Mobile
Coast Guard/Harbor
BAND
USER
400 MHz -
TV ch. 7-13
Police
VHF Marine
Civil Air Patrol
Aviation
See www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.html
for a much more complete chart.
150 MHz -
SHF
108 MHz -
FM Broadcast
TV ch. 2-6
EHF
SATELLITES
FLTSAT, LEASAT
MARISAT,
INMARSAT
INTELSAT,
DOMSATS, ANIK E
DSCS, SKYNET,
NATO
INTELSAT,
DOMSATS, ANIK E
JCS
DSCS IV
MILSTAR
CROSSLINKS
54 MHz 27 MHz -
CB
Amateur (Ham)
Search & Rescue (SAR)
200 - 400 MHz
SEGMENT
15 GHz -
UHF-TV
An antenna picks up the signal
from the airwaves and passes it via
a transmission line to the receiver.
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
A Simplified Spectrum Chart
This extremely simplified US spectrum chart shows how different applications
use different parts of the spectrum.
Satellite
Common Carrier Microwave
Cellular Phones
Receiver
Electromagnetic Waves
or radio signals propagate
over the airwaves
Satellite Communication Bands
1600 KHz -
AM Broadcast
Marine
70 KHz -
© Canadian Wireless Tutorial
Paul Margie, FCC, Making
Wireless work for Nigeria
Workshop, 2003
Part 2: Regulatory Trendsb) Data-Wireless regulations
ITU AND RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS
Controlling Interference
Factors such as transmitter power,
Antenna height, propagation losses,
& receiver characteristics determine size of
service area
The desired signal must be somewhat
greater than the undesired signal to
avoid interference
Undesired
signal
Transmitter A
Propagation or
Path Loss
Desired
signal
Purposes of the Union.
a) effect allocation of bands of the radio-frequency spectrum, the
allotment of radio frequencies and registration of radio-frequency
assignments and any associated orbital positions in the GEOstationary satellite orbit in order to avoid harmful interference
between radio stations of different countries;
b) coordinate efforts to eliminate harmful interference between radio
stations of different countries and to improve the use made of the
radio-frequency spectrum and Geostationary-satellite orbit for
Radiocommunication services;
Transmitter B
Paul Margie, FCC, Making
wireless work for NIgeria, 2003
ITU
3
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
b) Data-spectrum issues
b) Data-spectrum issues
Role of the ITU
Annex of Constitution defines harmful
interference:
“Interference which endangers the
functioning of a radionavigation service
or of other safety services or seriously
degrades, obstructs or repeatedly
interrupts a Radiocommunication service
operating in accordance with the Radio
Regulations”
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU), is the organization
responsible for coordinating international telecommunications activities,
conducts various conferences and assemblies in order to facilitate
cooperation between countries on matters relating to spectrum allocations.
ITU
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
b) Data-spectrum issues
c) Framework-case studies
Groups of Issues
Upcoming WARC 2007
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mobile, aeronautical mobile, radionavigation &
radiolocation services
Space science services
FSS, MSS & BSS below 3 GHz
Fixed service including HAPS & FSS above 3
GHz
Services in LF, MF & HF bands & maritime
mobile service
Regulatory procedures & associated technical
criteria applicable to satellite networks
Future WRC programmes & other issues
ITU
TIA
AWS Auction
Spectrum Allocation Chart
4-6th October 2006 , GetIT, Inc
•
NTIA helped reallocate 45 MHz of spectrum --1710 to 1755 MHz – from federal use, half
of the 90 MHz FCC will auction to commercial licensees starting August 9, 2006.
•
NTIA made a viability assessment in 2002, coordinated with the FCC and federal
agencies on service rules, and supported legislation to establish a relocation fund, the
Commercial Spectrum Enhancement Act.
•
Federal agencies will be reimbursed their estimated $ 936 billion relocation costs through
a fund established by this Act. NTIA provided relocation cost and timeline information on
December 27, 2005 and has since updated that information.
•
FCC auctioned off 3G licenses for $13.9 billion in August 2006.
John Kneur, NTIA
4
70/80/90 GHz Availability
High-speed wireless links in several spectrum bands may now be coordinated and
approved for commercial use in a matter of minutes.
5 GHz Spectrum
•
NTIA led the development of technology to allow sharing of this band between military
radars and unlicensed mobile broadband
(Wi-Fi) devices.
•
The 5 GHz industry-government working group under the International Telecommunication
Advisory Council developed and validated the dynamic frequency selection (DFS) sharing
technique.
•
In February 2006, the group reached consensus on certification criteria for UnlicensedNational Information Infrastructure (U-NII) devices using DFS. At the ITU, the working
group is seeking worldwide common approaches to defining, testing and certifying DFS.
•
The FCC is expected to release testing procedures as soon as this summer.
NTIA develop a web-based mechanism to facilitate real-time coordination of federal
and non-federal operations in these frequency ranges.
Non-federal users can now
determine in minutes rather
than months whether they have
any potential conflict
with federal users.
The system was activated
on February 8, 2005
.
John Kneur, NTIA
John Kneur, NTIA
Promising Technology Solutions
to the Rural Challenge
Wi-Fi: Rural Oregon is home to the world’s largest Wi-Fi hotspot
700
miles2 Airgo Networks announced plans to sell Wi-Fi chips with data rates up
to 240 Mbps by 4th quarter 2005 – 4x the speed of current Wi-Fi chips at 54
Mpbs.
WiMAX: With a range of up to 40 miles, WiMAX may be a promising solution
for delivering broadband to rural areas. Although WiMAX is still under
development, the FCC and FEMA authorized deployment of a WiMAX network
(15 mile range with 45 Mbps bandwidth – 30x faster than standard 1.5 Mbps
DSL connections) to link Wi-Fi hotspots in an effort to restore communications
damaged by hurricane Katrina.
WISPs: Wireless Internet service providers, approximately 3,000 in the U.S.,
traditionally provide broadband connectivity in areas not reached by cable or
DSL. Now WISPs are expanding into urban areas.
NTIA
Source: FCC
NTIA
Part 2: Regulatory Trendsc) Framework-principles
Spectrum as property or as commons
To new model of spectrum allocation and management
Leading even to some Licensed or unlicensedLook for a healthy mix
Auction- beauty contest – give away- marketplace
NTIA
Source: FCC
5
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
The UNLICENSED ALTERNATIVE
•
•
•
•
c) Framework-principles
No Cost of Licence acquisition
Adequate amount of spectrum
Competitive equipment market
Fast deployment
However
• No interference protection! Licenced services get first priority
• Unlicenced = survival of the fittest
• Focus of regulation is the equipment, not the user or the service provider.
!
#
$
"
$
% &'
(
'
)
"
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Henry Batson, Spectrum
Management Authority, Jamaica,
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
FACTORS FORCING THE CONVERGENCE ISSUE
•
Liberalisation
– Number of players
– Technology specific or non specific
regulations
•
Broadcasting
(point to
Multipointheavy content
Regulation)
Broadcasting stations
$&
#
$
$
b) Data-policy issues
!
!
*
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
c) Framework-principles
&+ , + $
"+
! $
-
•
Technology
– Digitisation (voice & data)
– Broadband (voice, data, video, audio)
– IP (voice, data, video, audio- even over
analague)
Current regulatory situation
– Established separate laws for separate
technologies and industries
– Separate regulatory bodies
POSSIBLE APPROACHES
-A)MERGE REGULATIONS &
REGULATORY BODIES
-B) MERGE POLICY MAKING BODIES ONLY
-C) PARTIAL MERGE WITH SEPARATE
FUNCTIONS- CONTENT VERSUS FACILITIES
-D) NATIONAL COORDINATION COMMITTEES
Internet radio, IPTV,
(lower capex)
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
Part 2: Regulatory Trends-
c) Framework-principles
•
$
Example of A)
– Malaysia- Communications and Multimedia Act (CMA) 1998
– -network facilities provider
– -network service provider
– -application service provider
– -content application service provider
c) Framework-principles
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Example of B) and C)
Singapore IDA –merger of NCB and TAS
-Facilities based operator
-Services based operator
-Content and broadcast-remains an SBA and
Most recently put them both under the same Ministry
And merged SBA with Films Commission to create MDA
6
Part 2: Regulatory Trendsc) Framework-principles
•
•
Example of D)
Philippines (Information Technology and E-commerce Council (ITECC)
Legal and Regulatory Committee- seeking to pass the convergence bill
seeks to reorganize the National Telecommunications Commission
(NTC) into a National Infocoms Commission.
And create Department of Information and Communications
Technology )
Part 2: Regulatory Trendsb) Data-spectrum issues
Careful not to overegulate or under-regulate
(learn from the past- be careful not to impose regulations
With another rationale onto NGN- this is a multipoint to
Multipoint network)
•
Interconnect issues
•
Qos
•
USO
•
Emergency numbers
•
Too soon- can stiffle- too late can jeopardise (e.g. Metro
Ethernet and Wi-Fi)
•
Ultimately keep choice for customer
•
Allow innovation and investment to thrive
Key Goals:
INTEROPERABILITY; INTERCONNECTIVITY; AFFORDABILITY
USABILITY, INNOVATION; INVESTMENT
Part 2: Regulatory TrendsThis session purpose:
a) simplify
b) gather data
c) formulate framework
Part 2: Regulatory Trendsc) Framework-principles
Part 2: Regulatory Trendsc) Framework-principles
• Vision of Seamless handoffs
– Land-line phone
– Cell phone
– Desktop/laptop PC
– Handheld PC/PDA
– Fax machine
–AFFORDABILITY AND
–ACCESSIBILITY
Understand goal to
be achieved before
redefining
Careful not to
stiffle innovation!
4-6th October 2006 , GetIT, Inc
7
Part 2: Regulatory TrendsThis session purpose:
a) simplify
b) gather data
c) formulate framework
Agenda
Part 1- Technology Trends
- wireless alphabet soup
-other related technologies
Part 2- Policy and Regulatory Trends
-putting issues in perspective
-other related issues
End of Part 2: Regulatory Trends
Cleared some confused?
• Any questions?…..
8