Overview of Regulatory Training
International
Telecommunication
Union
Mongolia
July 2003
Eun-- Ju Kim
Eun
Senior Advisor for the Asia & Pacific
ITU
eun-- ju
eun
ju..kim
kim@
@itu
itu..int
Agenda
Paradigm shift in Digital Economy & Divide
Shift
Shiftfrom
from
nn Industrial
Industrialsociety;
society;
nn Centralized
Centralized control
control or
or
••Paradigm
Paradigm shift
shift in
in the
the era
era of
of digital
digital economy
economy &
& divide
divide
regulation
regulationfrom
from
regulators
regulators or
or
monopolies
monopoliesin
in
telecom;
telecom;
•• What
What are
are the
the major
major policy
policy &
& regulatory
regulatory challenges
challenges in
in ICT,
ICT, today
today??
•• What
What and
and how
how to
to implement
implement the
the training
training in
in Mongolia
Mongolia
Doc.07 - regulatory overview
nn Significant
Significantmarket
market
powers
powersof
of
incumbents,
incumbents,
conglomerates
conglomerates or
or
MNCs.
MNCs
.
MNCs.
nn Information
Information society
society with
with aa
to
to
knowledge
knowledge- driven digital
knowledge-driven
digitaleconomy;
economy;
nn Deregulated
Deregulatedor
orprivatized
privatizedtelecom;
telecom;&&
Industry
Industry- led selfself
- regulation && power
Industry-led
self-regulation
power
of
users
ofindividual
individualusers’
users’’ fingertips
fingertips over
over
convergence
of
ICT,
convergence of ICT, especially
especially in
in the
the
advent
adventof
ofInternet;
Internet;
nn Micro,
medium
- sized
Micro,small
small&&mediummedium-sized
entrepreneurs
entrepreneursesp.
esp.in
inthe
theera
eraof
of
eeBusiness
Business or
or eeCommerce
Commerce;;&&
nn Almost
village
Almost‘instant
‘instantglobal
globalvillage’
village’’
connected
connected by
by various
various technologies
technologies
and
.
andservices
services…
….
1
What are the regulatory trends over decades ?
Global trends of regulators
2000
2000 &
&beyond
beyond
Convergence
Convergence of
of regulations
regulations && institutions
institutions
in
computing,
broadcasting,
in computing, broadcasting, && telecom
telecom
By
By1999:
1999:some
some80
80countries
countries
separating
separating regulatory
regulatory function
function from
from policy-making
policy-making
with
competition
safeguard
with competition safeguard
1980s-1990s:
1980s-1990s:many
many
separating
separating operational
operational function
function
by
by liberalization
liberalization or
or privatization
privatization
Until
Until1970s:
1970s:most
most
state
state monopoly
monopoly for
for
all
all functions
functions in
in telecom
telecom
Source: ITU
Telecom
Regulatory
Database.
Countries with Separate Regulatory Body
Not merely deregulation nor competition,
but with minimum competition safeguard !
Liberalized trends in AsiaAsia-Pacific, 2000
Ø
70
Ø
60
50
40
Mono
Partial Com
Competition
30
Ø
20
Ø
10
Ø
0
LO
LD
IN
CEL
Increasing concerns over private anti-competitive practices
led by liberalization or privatization;
Some 80 countries (inc. 50 developing ones) adopted
competition policy including laws & other measures to
promote competition in the national economy through
dealing with price fixing, cartel arrangements, abuses of a
dominant position or monopolization, mergers that limit
competition;
The privacy laws, cyber law, dispute settlement over domain
names, and Certificate Authority began to be introduced in
the advent of Internet & ee-commerce;
Developing a multilateral framework on competition & eecommerce policy within the WTO is under the review.
Challenges are how to timely implement or balance handshands on oror-off regulations with appropriate regulatory frameworks
in the converged era.
{Source: ITU, Trends in Telecom Reform, 1999 & 2000}
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2
What kind of regulatory frameworks ?
ü
ü
ü
Licensing: criteria and fees ?
Competition safeguard: prevent antianti-competitive practices
Interconnection & charges : commercial agreements or
Training on Focused Regulatory Frameworks
in Mongolia, July 2003
Ø
prescribed by regulator?
ü
Universal Service Access/Obligation: scope (e.g. basic
ü
telephony or beyond) and its funds (e.g, incumbent only or all) ?
Pricing: return on investment or price cap ?
ü
Numbering & number portability : within and/or beyond
Ø
Ø
market segments ?
Quality of services: waiting time, any echo, bad connection ?
Management of scarce resources: e.g., spectrum,
Ø
ü
ü
Structural & accounting separation etc.
Ø
ü
numbers etc. (e.g., firstfirst-come firstfirst-served or auction) and fees ?
Structure of the Regulatory Training
in Mongolia, July 2003
Overview of regulatory issues and challenges
faced by Mongolia
Ø
In-depth theoretical and practical training on
Inthe focused regulatory frameworks such as
competition, interconnection, and universal
service
Suggestions or recommendations to improve
or solve the regulatory issues and challenges
faced countries like Mongolia
Ø
Doc.07 - regulatory overview
competitive & converged ICT markets
Competition safeguard: as a tool to prevent
anti-- competitive practices
anti
Interconnection & charges: as a tool to
ensure faire, nonnon- discriminatory and transparent
competition
Universal Service Access/Obligation: as a
tool to ensure access to ICT services
Convergence as a technological, industrial
Convergence:
& regulatory trend and practice in the ICT
sector
Expected Outcomes
Ø
Ø
Licensing: as a tool for market entry in liberalized,
Ø
Ø
Interactive and inin-depth training and
dialogue among regulators and experts to
understand the facing regulatory issues and
to seek solutions to tackle the specific
regulatory challenges and difficulties;
Produce regulatory modules with solutions to
assist Member States like Mongolia in
liberalized, competitive, and converged
telecommunication, esp. ICT, markets; &
The regulatory training modules to be utilized
through various means of ICTs (e.g., CD,
Web etc.) and virtual/distance learning
3
More information ?
-- Contact
Contact --
Dr.Eun
Dr.
Eun-- Ju Kim
Dr.Eun-Ju
Kim
Senior
Adviser
Senior Adviser for
for Asia
Asia &
& the
the Pacific,
Pacific,
ITU
ITU
euneun
- ju ..kim@itu.int
kim@
kim
@itu
itu..int
eun-ju
Doc.07 - regulatory overview
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