NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS CURRICULUM SUPPORT
Business Management
Working in a Business Enterprise
Student Activities
[ACCESS 3]

Acknowledgements
This document is produced by Learning and Teaching Scotland as part of the National
Qualifications support programme for Business Management.
First published 2002
Electronic version 2002
© Learning and Teaching Scotland 2002
This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes by
educational establishments in Scotland provided that no profit accrues at any stage.
ISBN 1 85955 922 0
CONTENTS
Introduction
1
Section 1:
Skills, qualities and experience
3
Section 2:
Finding a business idea
9
Section 3:
Finance in business
15
Section 4:
Staffing your business
25
Section 5:
Marketing and advertising
31
Section 6:
Running your business
41
Section 7:
Health and safety
51
Section 8:
Additional material
59
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INTRODUCTION
Introduction
General
As this is an Access 3 level unit, learning and teaching should be practically
based and student centred. It is recommended that this unit is delivered in a
simulated business environment. This approach will encourage the
development of basic business concepts, while at the same time offering
opportunities for personal and social development. An experiential approach
will help candidates to see how different aspects of the business environment
are inter-related.
Content
In addition to acquiring knowledge about how a busine ss operates, candidates
will have the opportunity to develop oral and written communication skills,
practise simple financial record keeping, information technology and design
skills. Links can also be established with other areas of the curriculum in the
production stage of the enterprise.
Learning and teaching approaches
The methods suggested in this pack include the use of individual worksheets,
paired activities, group activities. and whole class discussion. Where a
simulated company is operating, it is recommended that the company
‘employees’ hold regular meetings to monitor progress and aid decision
making. Depending on the size of the class group, it may be necessary to run
more than one company. It would be useful to build a portfolio of busine ss
ideas to stimulate discussion in the early stages.
Local businesses can also be a useful source of information and personnel
from these companies might be willing to speak to class groups. Support
organisations, such as the Prince’s Scottish Youth Bus iness Trust, are also
very helpful.
There is also a wealth of video material on health and safety at work, which
could be included in the section on health and safety.
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1
IN T RO D UC T IO N
Course planning
The materials are designed to be used sequentially, but if you plan to operate
a business, you may find it useful to allocate the jobs after Section 2. This
would allow tasks to be shared out according to individual roles within the
company. Assessment 5 could be completed at this point or left until the end
of the unit when greater practical experience has been gained.
The suggested order is as follows:
Section
1
Topic
Skills, qualities and experience
2
3
4
5
Finding a business idea
Finance in business
Staffing your business
Marketing and advertising
6
7
Running your business
Health and safety
2
Assessment
Assessment 1
Self assessment
Planning sheet 1
Planning sheet 2
Instrument of assessment 5
Planning sheet 3
Instrument of assessment 3
Portfolio materials
Instrument of assessment 4
Instrument of assessment 5
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SK I LL S, Q U A LI T I E S AN D EXP E R I EN CE
SECTION 1
Skills, qualities and experience
What can we do?
A successful business needs people with SKILLS, the PERSONAL
QUALITIES and the EXPERIENCE to make it work.
A skill is an ability you possess and can use in different situations
For example:
•
•
•
•
•
•
writing letters
selling things
handling money
repairing things
gardening
making things in
wood
• dealing with
customers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
making phone calls
using a computer
researching
designing things
taking photographs
making things in
metal
caring for others
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
speaking to people
using numbers
working with others
cooking
using muscle power
making things in
fabric
decorating
Personal qualities are what make you different from other people. They help
to describe what kind of person you are
For example:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
determined
hardworking
creative
well organised
adaptable
kind
good humoured
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
helpful
willing to learn
patient
enthusiastic
considerate
friendly and outgoing
dependable
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
responsible
polite
neat
someone who can take
the lead
able to complete tasks
honest
ambitious
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SK I LL S, Q U A LI T I E S AN D EXP E R I EN CE
You may not think you have a lot of experience that would be useful in
business. But ask yourself the following questions (and make a few notes):
Do I have a hobby or interest that could be expanded into a business idea?
Have I had any work experience or part-time work that would be useful?
Can I think of any school or college subjects that could provide a business
idea?
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SK I LL S, Q U A LI T I E S AN D EXP E R I E N CE
Activity
With a partner discuss (and make notes):
What skills do you have?
What are your best personal qualities?
What experience have you had that might help you to run a business?
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SK I LL S, Q U A LI T I E S AN D EXP E R I EN CE
Teamwork
A successful business requires teamwork. People can carry out different
roles in a team and still be effective.
Carry out this exercise in groups of 5 or 6.
Problem
You have to build a tower on top of a table. The tower must s upport a marble.
It must be taller than 30 cms.
You
• 1
• 1
• 2
• 1
have:
glass marble
roll of sellotape
sheets of A4 paper
ruler 30 centimetres long
NO OTHER MATERIALS MAY BE USED
Rules
You may not stick any paper to the table.
You may not stick the marble to the paper.
While you are carrying out this activity, your teacher will observe how well
you work together as a team.
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SK I LL S, Q U A LI T I E S AN D EXP E R I E N CE
Teamwork checklist
Student
names
Leader
Worker
Negotiator
Organiser
Dominant
Passive
Ideas person
Outsider
Talker
Co-operator
Now discuss the findings.
Do you agree?
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FI ND IN G A B US I N ES S ID E A
SECTION 2
Finding a business idea
Brainstorm
Here are some suggestions to get you thinking.
• Do you have skills in the group that can be put to good use
(e.g. making things, providing a service)?
• Could you copy someone else’s idea but make it better
(e.g. lunch club, coffee shop with table service)?
• Are there facilities in school or college that you could use
(e.g. garden, workshop, computers)?
• Could you be meeting a need that no one else has met
(e.g. car washing and valeting)?
Business idea
Describe your product or service in detail so that anyone can understand
exactly what you hope to do.
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FI ND IN G A B US I N ES S I D E A
Case study
Sally, Jane, Sharon and Debbie are good friends. They are still at school but
would like to set up a small business to make some extra money. They have
each had various part-time jobs in a supermarket, café and hairdresser, but
would really like to be their own bosses and do work that fits in with the rest
of their lifestyle. They are keen and hard working and all have good artistic
skills.
They have come up with an idea to paint and decorate clay plant pots for
houseplants and as garden containers. They need some start -up cash for
materials so they arrange to speak to their local bank manager.
Share out the parts and read this like a play.
Bank manager
Sally
Bank manager
Jane
Bank manager
Sharon
Bank manager
Debbie
Bank manager
Jane
Bank manager
Sharon
Bank manager
Debbie
Bank manager
Sally
Bank manager
Jane
Bank manager
Sharon
Bank manager
Debbie
Bank manager
Sally
Bank manager
Jane
10
Well girls what can I do for you?
We need money to start up our own business.
How much do you need?
Not much. Just enough to get us started.
I see. What business were you thinking about?
Painting pots.
And who are you going to sell these pots to?
Anybody who wants them…the general public.
But who exactly would these customers be?
Anybody who has houseplants or pots in their gardens?
OK. What about the competition?
Well there is the local garden centre but ours will be better.
What prices will you be charging?
We’ll be the cheapest.
How much will it cost you to produce your pots?
Well, we haven’t exactly worked that out yet.
How many can you make in a week?
Quite a few.
How many can you sell in a week?
It depends how many people want them.
How will people get to know about you?
We’ll advertise.
How and where?
Posters…newspapers…we’ll tell everybody.
Who is going to do the jobs in your company?
We’ll all chip in.
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FI ND IN G A B US I N ES S I D E A
Bank manager
Sharon
Bank manager
Debbie
Bank manager
Who will be in charge?
We hadn’t thought about that.
Have you got your business plan with you?
Our what?
Your business plan. It tells me how you plan to make your
business succeed. Without one we really can’t talk
business. Come back when you’ve got one together and
then we can really talk about getting started.
Activity
In your group discuss (and make notes):
What mistake(s) did the girls make?
What areas do they need to think about before they can put together a
business plan?
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FI ND IN G A B US I N ES S I D E A
Answers
They had not taken the time to plan their business. This is their main
mistake.
They need to think about:
• the cost and sources of materials and equipment
• the competition
• how much it costs to make a pot
• how long it takes to make a pot
• a price for their product(s)
• their customers
• how they are going to promote their product – advertise and sell it
• which jobs need to be done in the company
• who is going to carry out the different tasks in the company.
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FI ND IN G A B US I N ES S I D E A
Business idea checklist
Before you make your final choice you should ask yourself:
Yes
No
Don’t
know
Will you need a lot of cash to get started?
Do you know how you will get start-up cash?
Do you have the skills to make your product/provide
your service?
Do you have somewhere to operate your
business?
Do you have the equipment you need?
Who will buy your product?
Can you charge a suitable price?
Can you do it in the time you have?
Will your idea keep on working?
How will you let people know about your
product or service?
Is there any competition?
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FI ND IN G A B US I N ES S I D E A
Business name
Your business needs to have a name and it helps if the name can be easily
remembered by your customers.
If possible it should be a name that is associated with your product or service.
Activity
Have a look through some newspapers, magazines, Yellow Pages, or a local
business directory and find some good examples of names you would
remember.
Now brainstorm some ideas. Your ideas can be put to a board meeting and
all the members can come to a decision about t he best name for your
company.
Business name
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
SECTION 2
Finance in business
Public and private companies
Most British businesses are privately run. These businesses can provide
goods or a service to make money. Each business aims to make a PROFIT.
If it cannot sell its product or service, it cannot make a profit and will go out
of business.
Private businesses can be owned by just one person or by lots of people.
When one person owns a business we call him/her a SOLE TRADER.
For example, Jane Brown owns a small hairdressing business. She has to
make all the decisions about running the business by herself but she can take
all the profit. She will also have to pay all the debts if the business fails to
make a profit.
A safer kind of business is a PARTNERSHIP. Several partners, usually
between two and twenty people, own it. They might all put money into the
business and take a share of the profits. If things go wrong they can share the
debts.
An example of a partnership might be a firm of local solicitors.
Bigger businesses usually need more money so they offer people SHARES in
a company. Anyone who buys a share becomes a SHAREHOLDER.
A PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANY will have no more than fifty
shareholders. Family businesses are often private limited companies.
Big businesses are usually called PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANIES. They
will have ‘plc’ after their name. Anyone can buy shares in these companies.
Shareholders get a share of the profits that a c ompany makes. This is called a
DIVIDEND. They also take a risk that they might lose all their money if the
company fails, but they won’t be responsible for paying the company’s debts.
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
Activities
1.
Match these words (in the left-hand column) to their meanings (in the
right-hand column).
SHAREHOLDER
PROFIT
PARTNERSHIP
SOLE TRADER
DIVIDEND
2.
money made from running a business
person who owns a share of the
business
someone who runs a business on their
own
money paid to a shareholder if the
business makes a profit
a business owned by more than one
person
Find examples of five private limited companies (plc). Use a copy of
Yellow Pages.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
3.
Find the names of two partnerships in Yellow Pages.
(i)
(ii)
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
Answer
1.
SHAREHOLDER
PROFIT
PARTNERSHIP
SOLE TRADER
DIVIDEND
person who owns a share of the business
money made from running a business
a business owned by more than one person
someone who runs a business on their own
money paid to a shareholder if the business
makes a profit.
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
Finance
A business will require money to get started.
Where will that money come from?
There are a few possibilities:
•
•
•
•
•
you
you
you
you
you
may have savings to invest in your business
could persuade partners (friends or family) to invest in your business
could ask the bank for a loan
could arrange a loan from a business start -up organisation
could sell shares in your business.
Bank
Remember that the bank is a business that has to make a profit. They will
charge you interest on that loan. This means you will have to pay back the
loan plus any extra money charged in interest.
You will have to prove to the bank that your business is likely to make
money, before they will give you a loan.
Business start-up organisation
There are several organisations that can help people start up in business.
Prince’s Scottish Youth Business Trust (PSYBT)
This is a charitable trust that helps young people aged 16 –25 to start up their
own business.
PSYBT
Mercantile Chambers 6 t h Floor
53 Bothwell Street
Glasgow
G2 6TS
Tel: 0141 248 4999
www.psybt.org.uk
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
Shell LiveWIRE
LiveWIRE is a company owned by Shell that encourages young people to
consider the option of starting up a busines s.
Shell LiveWIRE
Hawthorn House
Forth Banks
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 3SG
Tel: 0191 261 5584
www.shell-livewire.org.uk
Shares
Sometimes a business will sell shares to raise money.
It works like this.
You need £100 to set up a sandwich stall, so you sel l 100 shares in your
business at £1 each. This will give you the money you need to get started.
Each shareholder will own a share in the company and will be entitled to a
share of the profit if the sandwich business is going well.
Buying shares is a risk. If the business does not do well, shareholders might
lose money. If you go out of business, shareholders might lose all their
money.
Activity
Contact one of the start-up organisations to see what help they can give you.
You might also get in touch with your Local Enterprise Company. Someone
might be able to come along to speak to the class.
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
Activity
In a group discuss (and make notes):
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method of financing your
business?
Method
Savings
Advantages
Disadvantages
Investment
by partners
Bank loan
Shares
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
Planning
Now that you have decided on a product or service, you will
need to work out your costs.
Here is how the ‘Cookie Crew’, a company selling home -made biscuits, went
about it.
Using a recipe for chocolate chip cookies, each ingredient was priced.
Ingredient
margarine
demerara sugar
1 egg
self-raising flour
chocolate chips
vanilla essence
TOTAL
Cost
00.10
00.12
00.07
00.10
00.20
00.01
Each recipe produces twelve biscuits.
To work out their selling price, they did the following calculation:
TOTAL COST
=
12
To enable them to make a profit and to cover overheads,
they decided to charge double the cost for each biscuit.
How much profit will they make on twelve biscuits ?
If they produce 480 biscuits per week, how much profit
will they make?
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
Answers
•
•
•
•
22
cost per biscuit = 00.05p
charge per biscuit = 00.10p
profit on 12 = 00.60p
weekly profit on 480 = £24
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
Activity
Use these sheets to work out a cost for your product or service.
Raw materials
Raw
materials
Supplier 1
Cost
Supplier 2
Cost
Estimated cost per product
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FI NA NC E IN B U S IN E S S
Making your product
You will also need to think about the equipment and facilities you will need :
• to produce your product or service (e.g. tools, workshop, kitchen)
• to run your business (e.g. access to a computer, telephone).
Product
chocolate chip cookies
Equipment
baking trays
bowls
scales
knife
chopping board
cooling racks
wooden spoon
electric mixer
Facilities
kitchen computer
What arrangements do you need to make to get access the these facilities?
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S TAF FI N G YO U R B US IN E S S
SECTION 4
Staffing your business
Running a business requires teamwork. You will need a ran ge of different
skills and personal qualities in your team. Here are some of the jobs you
might consider.
Managing Director
Duties include
•
•
•
•
•
watching over the running of the company
taking charge of meetings
making business decisions
planning and organising
leading a team.
Leading a team, you should be enthusiastic, well organised, enjoy taking
responsibility and be able to work well with people.
Finance Manager
Duties include
•
•
•
•
identifying start-up costs
arranging finance to set up business
working out costs and prices
keeping records of money coming in and going out
• banking money.
This job requires someone who is good with money, is well organised and
honest.
Production Manager
Duties include
•
•
•
•
overseeing production of goods
getting materials and equipment
watching over the quality of goods
organising work.
This job requires someone who is able to work in a team, is well organised,
helpful and encouraging to others and able to follow plans through.
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S TAF FI N G YO U R B US IN E S S
Administration/Secretary
Duties include
•
•
•
•
•
•
writing letters
taking minutes of meetings
dealing with telephone calls
dealing with mail
filing information
carrying out word processing tasks.
This job requires someone who is well organised, h as good communication
skills, is able to use a computer and has a pleasant telephone manner.
Advertising/Marketing Manager
Duties include
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
coming up with ideas to promote products
carrying out market research
producing advertising material
distributing advertising material
producing artwork
taking photographs
arranging displays.
This job requires someone who is imaginative, good at coming up with ideas,
has artistic ability and is able to use a computer and camera.
Sales Person
Duties include
•
•
•
•
•
giving information to customers about products
selling goods to customers
handling money
giving out receipts
taking orders for goods.
This job requires someone who is good at dealing with people, is outgoing,
friendly and polite and is able to handle money.
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S TAF FI N G YO U R B US IN E S S
Production Worker
Duties include
•
•
•
•
making goods / carrying out a service
packaging goods
labelling goods
delivering goods.
This job requires someone who has good hand skills, is reliable, able to work
as part of a team, able to meet standards and see things through to
completion.
Your business may require some or all of these roles.
If it is a small business, you may have to combine some of these roles.
Activity
Think about the skills, qualities and experience that you have and complete a
job application form for the job that suits you best.
Your team, or your teacher or lecturer, can then decide who does what in the
company.
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S TAF FI N G YO U R B US IN E S S
JOB APPLICATION FORM (complete in BLOCK CAPITALS)
Job applied for:
Name:
Address:
Telephone number:
Date of birth:
Last school/college attended:
Qualifications:
Work experience:
Hobbies or interests:
Skills or qualities that make you suitable for this post:
References
(name and address)
1.
2.
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The company
Who does what? Complete for your company.
Job title
Employee name(s)
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M ARK E T IN G A ND AD VE R T IS I N G
SECTION 5
Market research
Before a company can decide if its business is going to work, it needs to do
some market research.
One of the most useful ways of testing ideas is to talk to other people about
them. It’s all very well being able to make or do something, but if no one
wants to buy it, a lot of time and effort will be wasted.
How will you research your market?
The ‘market’ is any group of
possible customers.
Someti mes companies with good
business ideas fail because they do
not research the mar ket.
It is important to find out whether
you can sell your product and what
the demand for it will be.
Otherwise you wi ll pr oduce more
than you can sell, or you will run
out of products and your
customers will go somewhere else.
One of the easiest ways to research
the market is to talk to possible
customers, but you could send out
questionnaires or phone.
You will need to find out:
• whether people NEED your product or service
• whether people WANT it
• what they LIKE or DON’T LIKE about it
• what they would be prepared to PAY for it
• how OFTEN they would buy it
• WHERE they would expect to buy it
• what KINDS OF PEOPLE would buy it.
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M ARK E T IN G A ND AD VE R T IS I N G
Market research survey
Here is a sample questionnaire produced by ‘Wash and Go’, a car washing
and valeting service.
Hello, I wonder if you would mind helping me?
We are hoping to set up a car-washing service in school and we would like to
check out people’s reactions.
Describe your service.
QUESTIONNAIRE
How often do you wash your car?
Do you do it yourself or do you take it to a car wash?
What do you pay for it?
What does this cover?
What do you like about it?
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What could be improved upon?
Would you be willing to buy our service?
What do you like about ours?
What could be improved in ours?
What would you be willing to pay for our service?
Male/Female Age group: 16–25, 26–35, 35+
Thank you for taking the time to answer these questions.
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M ARK E T IN G A ND AD VE R T IS I N G
Activity
In your group, discuss and then devise a set of questions
to test out the market for your business idea.
Now try them out on your potential customers.
Hold a meeting to discuss your results.
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The Marketing Mix
In order to make your product/service attractive to your customers there are
four important things you must think carefully about.
Product
Promotion
Place
Price
Product
Spending time getting the product right is important.
You might need to think about:
• is it part of a range with different colours, styles, sizes or are you going to
stick to one simple product?
• how are you going to package it?
• will you provide a guarantee of quality?
• is there something about it that makes it better, more convenient, or
different from other products?
Promotion
You can reach your customers in a number of ways.
Here are some suggestions:
•
•
•
•
•
posters
advertising in a newspaper, newsletter, magazine
leaflets
word of mouth
brochure.
Place
There are a number of places and methods that you can use to sell your
product.
These are some of the most common ones:
•
•
•
•
through a shop
door to door
market stall
mail order.
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M ARK E T IN G A ND AD VE R T IS I N G
Price
The price should be attractive to your customer.
You should consider whether it should:
•
•
•
•
•
be cheaper than your competitor
be at cost plus a percentage profit
come with a free gift
offer discounts for quantity
offer buy one, get one free.
Advertising methods
Here are some possible ways in which you could advertise your business.
POSTERS LEAFLETS
DISPLAY
SAMPLE RANGE OF PRODUCTS
PRESS RELEASE
MOUTH
CATALOGUES
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
ARTICLE IN A NEWSLETTER
WORD OF
Can you think of any others?
Think about:
•
LOCATION – where you would place your advert?
•
COMMENT on how suitable this method would be for your company. Do
you have the skills, facilities and equipment? Would it cost a lot to
produce?
Now complete the survey with a partner.
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Advertising survey
Method
Location
Comment on
suitability
Posters
Leaflets
Display
Catalogues
Sample range of
products
Word of mouth
Press release/
newsletter article
Other
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M ARK E T IN G A ND AD VE R T IS I N G
Logo
A logo is a picture or symbol that helps to identify a company.
Give an example of a sports company logo.
Activity
Use magazines and newspapers to make a collection of logos.
Design a logo for your company that is attractive and has a link with your
product. It’s best to keep it quite simple.
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Design for your advert
Here are some ideas for designing an advert that could be used as a leaflet, a
poster or placed in a magazine or newspaper.
Headline
An attention-grabbing
statement that includes
your product’s main
selling point.
Photograph or drawing
This will give the advert
more impact.
Main copy
The main information to
persuade your customer
to buy your product or
service.
Company details
Name of the company,
address or location,
phone number, e-mail
address.
Logo
Drawing or company
title design.
DELICIOUS HOME
BAKING
To be successful your advert must:
•
•
•
•
grab the attention of your potential customers
interest them in your product
make them want to buy it
inform them where, when and how they can buy it.
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M ARK E T IN G A ND AD VE R T IS I N G
Activity
Collect some adverts or look at a selection of adverts provided by your
teacher/lecturer.
Assess them to see how they measure up to the four criteria.
Give a score out of 5 for each.
Attention
Interest
Persuasion
Information
Advert 1
Advert 2
Advert 3
Advert 4
Activity
Now use the format outlined to design an advert for your product.
REMEMBER
Your advert should look professional, so make sure there are no mistakes in
it.
When you are happy with it, try it out on other group members.
Ask them the following questions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
40
Does it grab the reader’s attention?
Is the text interesting?
Does it offer the reader something?
Does it encourage the reader to want to know more?
Does it point out the best selling points of your product or service?
Does it tell them how they can buy it?
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SECTION 6
Running your business
As well as producing and advertising your product, you will have to think
how you are going to run your business.
You will need to hold meetings.
At a meeting you will need to:
•
•
•
•
share information
make decisions
discuss problems
keep people informed about how things are going.
To help make a meeting run smoothly you should have:
• an agenda (a list of items you want to discuss)
• minutes (a record of what was discussed at the last meeting, things that
need to be done and who will do them)
• reports (individuals with different jobs will tell the meeting how things are
going).
Someone, usually the chairperson, will need to take charge of the meeting.
They will:
•
•
•
•
check that the minutes from the last meeting are correct
go through each item on the agenda
see that only one person speaks at a time
ask people to give their opinions.
Someone, usually the secretary, will:
• prepare the agenda
• take a note of what is
discussed to write in the
minutes.
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Activity
Complete these sentences.
One reason for holding a meeting is to
An agenda is
The minutes of a meeting are
The chairperson has to
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Agenda
An agenda is a plan of what is to be discussed at a meeting.
Agenda
Meeting of
Date
Time
Minutes of last meeting
Matters arising
1.
2.
3.
4.
Any other business
Date of next meeting
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RU NN IN G YO UR B U SI NE S S
Minutes
Minutes are there to keep a record of what was decided, what has to be done
and who will do it. They should follow the plan of the agenda.
Minutes
Minutes of
held on
at
Present
Apologies
The minutes of the last meeting were read a nd agreed.
Matters arising
1.
2.
3.
4.
Any other business
Date of next meeting
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Managing money
It is important that a business keeps a record of money coming in and going
out. We call this INCOME (money coming in) and EXPENDITURE (money
going out).
Businesses can either keep a record on paper by book -keeping or on computer
using a spreadsheet.
Income
Date
Description
Totals
Amount
Expenditure
Date
Paid to
Cheque no./
Receipt no./
Cash
Totals
Income
Date – the date you received money
Description – sales, loan, grant, share income, etc.
Amount – amount of money coming in.
Expenditure
Date – the date you paid out money
Paid to – the person or business you paid money to
Cheque/receipt no. – the number of the cheque you wrote or the receipt you
were given, or write cash if paid out in cash
Amount – the money paid out.
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Amount
RU NN IN G YO UR B U SI NE S S
Activity
Complete this Income and Expenditure sheet for the ‘Cookie Crew’, using the
following information.
• 21 September you receive start-up loan of £50
• 25 September you buy ingredients from Buywise supermarket costing
£28.50
• 30 September you spend £5 on paper for posters from Artworld
• 8 October you spend £8 on paper bags at Simpsons
• 12 October you receive £22.00 from sales of chocolate chip cookies
• 14 October you buy more ingredients from Buywise costing £12.30
• 19 October you receive £15.50 from sales of caramel sh ortbread.
Income
Date
Description
Amount
Totals
Expenditure
Date
Paid to
Cheque no./
Receipt no./
Cash
Totals
How much money has come in?
How much money have you spent?
How much profit have you made?
You could try producing a spreadsheet to keep a record.
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RU NN IN G YO UR B U SI NE S S
Answer
Income
Date
Description
Amount
21/9
12/10
19/10
Loan
Sales
Sales
50.00
22.00
15.50
Totals
87.50
Expenditure
Date
Paid to
25/9
30/9
8/10
14/10
Buywise
Artworld
Simpsons
Buywise
Cheque no./
Receipt no./
Cash
Cash
Cash
Cash
Cash
Totals
28.50
5.00
8.00
12.30
53.80
How much money has come in? £87.50
How much money have you spent? £53.80
How much profit have you made? £33.70
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Sample income and expenditure sheet
Income
Date
48
Description
Amount
Expenditure
Date
Paid to
Cheque no./
Receipt no./
Cash
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RU NN IN G YO UR B U SI NE S S
Selling
Some people are naturally very good at selling.
For others it is a skill that can be learned.
In your group, discuss your recent experiences as customers.
• Think of an example of good service you have received.
• Come up with examples of bad customer service.
Share your examples with the rest of the class.
Now write up a list of SALES HINTS on a poster.
Think about:
• how you would describe your product to get across its best points
• how you want to appear to your customer
• the basic standards a customer can expect.
Role play
Work in pairs, one person as customer, one as salesperson.
Choose from a range of objects or use the product you hope to sell.
Ask the customer for feedback on:
• how did the salesperson make you feel?
• were they able to answer any questions you had about the product?
• did they convince you that their product was worth buying?
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H E A LT H A ND S AF E T Y
SECTION 7
Health and safety
Safety covers two aspects of running your business.
1.
You have a legal responsibility to make sure that your product is safe
and that no one is harmed by the goods you supply.
Your local Trading Standards Officer could be invited to explain the
legal requirements relating to your product or service.
If you are preparing, handling or selling food, you could discuss this
with your local Environmental Health Officer.
Activity
Find the phone numbers for these offices:
Trading Standards
Environmental Health
ALSO
2.
Everyone in the business must take responsibility for their own health
and safety and that of their work colleagues.
The organisation that has responsibility nationally for Health and Safety
in the Workplace is called the Health and Safety Executive or HSE.
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H E A LT H A ND S AF E T Y
Health and safety quiz
There are rules and regulations about health and safety in the
workplace.
1.
?
You must take reasonable care of your own health and safety.
True or False?
2.
You must take reasonable care of the health and safety of colleagues
and others who may be affected by your behaviour.
True or False?
3.
You must co-operate with management so that they can meet health and
safety regulations.
True or False?
4.
You must obey any safety rules and procedures whether you like it or
not.
True or False?
5.
You must use materials and machinery correctly.
True or False?
6.
You must tell your supervisor if you find something is dangerous.
True or False?
7.
You must know about all the UK laws about health and safety at work
before you start your job.
True or False?
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Answers
The answer to the first six questions is ‘True’.
It is not necessary (Question 7) to know about all the
UK laws, but it helps to know something about them
before you start work.
If you would like to learn more about all aspects of
health and safety, you can try the website
www. young-worker.co.uk
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H E A LT H A ND S AF E T Y
Health and safety survey
In the event of a fire in your work area, you have to kno w what to do to get
yourself and others to safety.
You should have a notice like this in your work area.
FIRE ACTION
Any person discovering a fire should
1.
Sound the alarm
2.
Contact _______ to call the fire brigade
3.
Attack the fire if possible using the
appliance provided
4.
Leave the building by the nearest route
5.
Close all the doors behind you
6.
Report to the assembly point
Do not take risks
Do not return to the building for any
reason until authorised to do so.
Find the notice and answer the following questions:
1.
Where is the nearest fire exit?
2.
Who or what number should you contact to summon the fire brigade?
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H E A LT H A ND S AF E T Y
Explain to a partner what you would do if a fire alarm went off.
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H E A LT H A ND S AF E T Y
Tools and equipment
Make a note of any tools and equipment that you use. It is important that you
handle them carefully, store them correctly and that you use the correct tool
for the job.
Tool(s)/equipment
How to use it/them safely
What steps should you take to make sure the work ar ea is kept tidy?
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Protective clothing and equipment
Protective clothing can serve two purposes:
• workboots, gloves, masks, etc. can protect the user from injury
• overall, apron, hat, etc. are used to protect the customer from the spread of
bacteria.
Complete the following table explaining the purpose of the clothing or
equipment used in your business.
Clothing/equipment
Purpose
What additional personal hygiene steps should you take?
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H E A LT H A ND S AF E T Y
First-aid measures
Find out the following information:
1.
Where is the nearest first-aid box?
2.
Find the name of a first aider in school/college.
3.
Get a copy of an accident report form for school/college. Where is it
kept?
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AD DI T IO NA L M A T ER IA L
SECTION 8
Wordsearch 1
E
S
H
A
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H
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L
D
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S
D
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W
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A
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A
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A
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D
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F
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M
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A
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I
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U
D
S
A
W
G
I
V
B
N
M
D
R
G
U
I
P
U
P
Can you find the following words?
EMPLOYEE
MINUTES
AGENDA
SKILLS
LOAN
COMPANY
PARTNERSHIP
SHAREHOLDER
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AD DI T IO NA L M A T ER IA L
Wordsearch 2
A
G
N
I
T
E
K
R
A
M
W
E
S
D
F
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J
K
L
Q
W
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P
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Z
Can you find the following words?
PRODUCTION
FINANCE
MANAGER
MARKETING
ENTERPRISE
INCOME
EQUIPMENT
SPREADSHEET
EXPENDITURE
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The business plan
Personal details
(The name of the managing director, business address)
Business name
Description of business idea
(What are you going to make or provide?)
Details of possible customers
Demand
(How many can you expect to sell each week?)
Advertising methods
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AD DI T IO NA L M A T ER IA L
Finance and resources
a.
What will you need to buy for the business?
b.
What other costs will you have?
c.
What income will you expect to have?
d.
How much will you require to start up your business?
e.
How will you raise this money?
f.
Where will you get support?
SIGNED
(all employees’ names)
Date
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AD DI T IO NA L M A T ER IA L
End-of-unit review
These questions can be completed by individual students or can be used as
part of a final group discussion of what students gained from working
through this unit.
The thing I most enjoyed was
The most important thing I learned was
The thing I am most pleased about was
The most important skill I practised was
Our group worked well together because
Our group would have worked better if
A problem that we had to deal with was
The biggest success of the group was
One thing I didn’t like about this unit was
If I could set up this company again I would
The most important decision we had to make was
The most useful advice we got was
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