Post-WarPeacebuilding
SIS-619-003-2016S
Wednesdays,5:30-8:00PM
Classroom:EQB17
ProfessorHrachGregorian
ICPRProgram
SchoolofInternationalService,AmericanUniversity
Email:gregoria@american.edu
OfficeTelephone:202-885-6698;Mobile:571-214-5293
OfficeHours:MondaysandWednesdays,2:00-4:00PM,orbyappointment
OfficeLocation:SIS214
I.CourseDescription
Reconstructingsocietiesthathavesufferedtheravagesofcivilwarandotherforms
ofarmedconflictisoneofthegreatdilemmasconfrontingstatesandthe
internationalcommunity.Peacebuildershavediscoveredthroughpainful
experiencethatthesuccessionofhostilityushersinalongprocessofreconstruction
that,dependingonthecircumstance,canencompassarangeofcomplextasksfrom
establishmentofsecuritytorestorationofgovernmenttohealingandreconciliation.
Post-warpeacebuildinghasproducedmixedresults.Andthereisasmuchtobe
learnedformfailuresasfromsuccesses.
Wewillcloselyexaminetherequirementsofmodernpeacebuildingoperations.The
coursebeginswithanoverviewofthechallengesfacingpeacebuilders,thenmoves
toacloselookathowpeacebuildinghasevolvedinthelasttwodecades.Subsequent
sectionscoverstrategicframeworksforpeacebuilding,thechallengesof
establishingpublicorder,andpathstoeffectivegovernance,andpoliticalandsocial
infrastructurebuilding.Transitionaljusticeandthepsychosocialdimensionsof
post-warrecoveryarealsoaddressed.Particularemphasiswillbeplacedon
coordinationeffectivenessacrossactors,institutions,sectorsanddomainsof
practice.
Asystemsperspectivewillinformagooddealofthereadinganddiscussionaswell
asassignmentsinthecourse.Studentswillapproachpeacebuildingfromaholistic
viewpointthathasvariouslybeendescribedaswhole-of-government,3D,and
interagencycoordination.Finally,wewillconsiderpeacebuildingeffectiveness,
evaluatingimpactinanumberofcountry-specificcases.
II.RequiredTexts(availableatbookstore)
• CharlesT.Call(ed)withV.Wyeth,BuildingStatestoBuildPeace(Lynne
Rienner,2008)
• RolandParisandTimothySisk(eds.)TheDilemmasofStatebuilding:
Confrontingthecontradictionsofpostwarpeaceoperations(Routledge,2009)
• RobertRicigliano,MakingPeaceLast:AToolboxforSustainablePeacebuilding
(ParadigmPublishers,2012)
III.CourseObjectives
Thiscourseisdesignedtoenhanceyourunderstandingofthecontextand
challengesofcontemporarypeacebuilding.Ourintentionistofamiliarizeyouwith
theneedsofwar-tornsocietiesandthefullrangeofassetsavailabletostatesand
internationalinstitutionsworkingtoaddressthoseneeds.Thecoursewillprovide
opportunitiesforcollaborativelearningthroughgroupexercisesfocusingon
country-specificcases.Itwillhelpyoutobetterappreciatetherelationshipbetween
variouscomponentsofacomplexsystemandhowactionstakenforthebestof
reasonsinonesectorcanhavesecondandthirdorderimplicationssystemwide
thatifunforeseenhaveahighlikelihoodofproducingsub-optimalresults.Itwill
enhanceyourawarenessofwhatworksbestinachievingsustainablepeace,
whetheritisgoaldefinitionoroperationalsequencing.Inshort,youshouldknow
whodoeswhat,when,andhow,dependingonthespecialcircumstancesofeach
peacebuildingsituation;andtowhateffect,whichinvolvesimprovingskillsto
evaluateoutcomeandimpact.
IV.LearningOutcomes
Expectationsareyouwillbeabletothinkcriticallyaboutthemainthemesand
topicsofthecourse,specifically,whataretheingredientsofsuccessandwhatleads
tomoreproblematicoutcomesineffortstobuildsustainablepeace.Youwillknow
themainconceptsandpracticaltoolsofpeacebuilding.Youwillbeabletoworkin
teamsandindividuallytoassesspeacebuildingeffectiveness.Youwillbeableto
expressyourknowledgeandanalyticalskillsinwritingandinoralpresentations.
V.RequirementsandGradingCriteria
1. Readingreviewandanalysis(20%)Duedate:February12
-Criticalreviewofacoursereading,nottoexceed1,200words.UofChicago
orAPAstyle.Donotconsultorreferenceoutsidesources.Titlepageshould
citethereadingbeingreviewed,yourname,andthedate.Besuretonumber
pages
-Itisexpectedthatyourreviewwill(1)summarizethemainpointsofthe
piece;(2)determinewhetherthereissufficientevidencetosupportcore
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contentions(thesis);(3)analyzethestrengthsandweaknessesofthe
argumentspresented;and(4)concludewithyourcriticalobservations(it
bearsrepeatingthatcriticalisnotsynonymouswithcensureordisapproval)
GradingCriteria.
I.
Comprehensionofmainpointsofthereadingunderreview
II.
Sophisticationofyouranalysisofitsmeritsandshortcomings
III.
Analyticalrigor
IV.
Originalityofyourthoughtandinsight
V.
Qualityofwriting(e.g.,logicalflow,style,forceofnarrative,noerrors
inspelling,grammar,syntax.Notypos!)
2. GroupPresentation(30%)March23andMarch30
-Inweekthree,theclasswilldivideinto4groups(seebelow)
-Eachgroupwillworktogethertoprepareaclasspresentationonan
assigneddate.Theformalpresentationwillbeapproximately50minutesin
durationandwillbefollowedbyQ&Aforapproximately30minutes,
dependingontheflowofdiscussion
-Thepurposeofthisassignmentistoprovideanopportunitytoexaminethe
linksbetweensectors,themes,orchallengesinaconcretecase
-Thegroupwillassigneachmemberaspecificsectororchallengetofocus
on.Sectorscanincludesecurity,governance,economicdevelopment,
infrastructure,etc.Challengescanincludepoliticaltransparency,judicialor
policereform,genderissues,poverty,media,religiousintolerance,
criminality,publicfinance,truthandreconciliation,andsoforth
-Thegroupmustdevelopanintegratedpresentationwitheachmember
analyzingthecomponentsofaspecificsectororchallenge,thenthegroup establishinglinkagesandprovidingapictureoftheproblematicasawhole. -Presentationscanbemulti-mediaandadoptinnovativestylesandformats
-Pleasediscusssector/challengeselectionsanddevelopmentofthe
groupthemewithmeinadvance
GradingCriteria
I.
Depthandrangeofresearch
II.
Strengthofanalysisandargumentation
III.
Qualityanoriginalityofpresentation(pleasetrytoavoidjustreading
totheclassfromapreparedtext)
IV.
Cohesionofpresentation(i.e.,linkagesofsector/challenge
components)
V.
Contributionstogroupwork(NB,thereisapeerassessmentfeature
inthisassignmentthatwillbediscussedinclass)
3. ResearchPaper(35%)DueDate:April27
-Theresearchpaperwillbeanexpansionanddetailedanalysisofthesector
orchallengeyoufocusedoninthegrouppresentation.Thisisanindividual
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assignment.Itwillrequireresearchoutsideclasssources.Itisnottoexceed
3,500words.
-Thepapermusthaveanargument,apointofview,andalsotakeinto
accountcounterarguments.
GradingCriteria
I.
Therangeanddepthofresearch
II.
Strengthandbalanceofargumentation
III.
Synthesisofdataandinterrelationshipofthechosensectoror
challengewithothersinapeacebuildingsystem
IV.
Analyticalrigor
V.
Originalityofthoughtandinsight
VI.
Qualityofwriting(e.g.,logicalflow,style,forceofnarrative,noerrors
inspelling,grammar,syntax.Again,notypos!)
4. Participation(15%)
GradingCriteria
I.
Obviouslyyoumustattendclasstoparticipate!
II.
Consistentengagement
III.
Preparationandfamiliaritywithcoursetopicsandcontentofreadings
IV.
Qualityofinterpretationandanalysisoftopicsandthemes
V.
Responsetootherstudentsandtoinstructor
-Eachofthecriteriawillbescaledasadequate(1point),good(2points),and
excellent(3points)
Gradescale
A
100-94
A-
93-90
B+
89-87
B
86-83 B-
82-80
C+
79-77 C
76-73 C-
72-70
D
69-60 F
59orlower Please note that an “A” grade denotes an excellent performance and work that is
original, insightful, critical, clear, well written and well presented. It indicates that
you (and your group) worked effectively and successfully to complete all
assignments.A“B”issolidworkthatiswellorganizedandgoesbeyondminimum
requirements.Itreflectsagoodcommandofthematerial,withinstancesofhigherlevelthinkingandintellectualengagement.Itwillalsoindicatethedegreetowhich
the team has worked effectively. A “C” reflects a lack of higher-level thinking,
intellectual originality, clear organization, and teamwork. A “D” indicates that
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minimum course requirements were not fully met. An “F” means the minimum
courserequirementswerenotmet.
LateAssignmentPolicy
Late assignments will not be accepted without penalty except in cases of genuine,
documented,illnessoremergency.Latesubmissionswillbedowngradedone-third
a letter grade for the first three hours (e.g., A- to B+) and a full letter grade
thereafter,upto24hourslater(e.g.,AtoB),afterwhichpaperswillnotbeaccepted
withoutmoreseverepenalty.
VI.AcademicIntegrityCode
IntheunlikelyeventthatyouhavenotconsultedtheAmericanUniversityAcademic
IntegrityCode,Iurgeyoutocarefullyreadallsectionsat
http://www.american.edu/academics/integrity/code.cfm.Thereisnoexcusefor
violationoftheCode,notleastduetoignoranceofstandardsofconductor
definitionofintegrityviolations.
VII.ClassSchedule
Week1(Jan.13) IntroductionsandCourseOverview
• Video:ThePeacekeepers
• Videode-briefanddiscussionofthechallengesofcontemporarypeace
operations/peacebuilding
Week2(Jan.20) FramingtheChallengesofPeacebuilding
•
•
•
•
EdwardN.Luttwak,“GiveWaraChance”,ForeignAffairs.78,4(Jul/Aug
1999),pp.36-44.
StephenStedman,Chapter1,“Introduction,”inStedman,Cousensand
Rothchild,Chapter1,EndingCivilWars:TheImplementationofPeace
Agreements,pp1-38.
CharlesT.Call,“EndingWars,BuildingStates,”inCharlesT.Call(ed)withV.
Wyeth,BuildingStatestoBuildPeace(LynneRienner,2008),pp.1-19.
RolandParisandTimothyD.Sisk,“Introduction:understandingthe
contradictionsofpostwarstatebuilding,”inRolandParisandTimothySisk
(eds.)TheDilemmasofStatebuilding:Confrontingthecontradictionsof
postwarpeaceoperations(Routledge,2009),pp.1-20.
Week3(Jan.27) FrameworksforPeacebuilding
• DanSmith,“TowardaStrategicFrameworkforPeacebuilding:GettingTheir
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•
•
•
ActTogether,”OverviewreportoftheJointUtsteinStudyofPeacebuilding,
RoyalNorwegianMinistryofForeignAffairs,2004,pp.10-28,
http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/kilde/ud/rap/2004/0044/ddd/pdfv/21
0673-rapp104.pdf.
WorldBank,2011WorldDevelopmentReport:Conflict,Securityand
Development,pp.1-44,
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDRS/Resources/WDR2011_Overv
iew.pdf(feelfreetoperusetherestofthereport.Donotbeintimidatedby
itslength!).
ChristopherDanielSchaefer,“LocalPracticesandNormativeFrameworksin
Peacebuilding,”InternationalPeacekeeping,Vol.17,Issue4,2010,pp.499514.
NeclaTschirgi,“Post-ConflictPeacebuildingRevisited:Achievements,
Limitations,Challenges”InternationalPeaceAcademy,2004,pp.10-19,
http://www.un.org/esa/peacebuilding/Library/Post_Conflict_Peacebuilding
_IPA.pdf.
Groupswillforminweekthreeandeachwillbeginworkonaspecificcase.
Caseassignmentsareasfollows:
Group1:Colombia
Group2:EastTimor
Group3:Kosovo
Group4:Sudan
Week4(Feb.3)
SecurityandPublicOrder
• Ho-WonJeong,PeacebuildinginPostconflictSocieties:Strategy&Process
(LynneRienner,2005),Chapter3,“SecurityandDemilitarization,”pp.39-75.
• BarnetR.Rubin,“ThePoliticsofSecurityinPostconflictStatebuilding,”in
CharlesT.Call(ed)withV.Wyeth,BuildingStatestoBuildPeace(Lynne
Rienner,2008),pp.25-47.
• DavidM.Edelstein,“Foreignmilitaries,sustainableinstitutions,andpostwar
statebuilding,”inRolandParisandTimothySisk(eds.)TheDilemmasof
Statebuilding:Confrontingthecontradictionsofpostwarpeaceoperations
(Routledge,2009),pp.81-103.
• DeborahAvant,“Makingpeacemakersoutofspoilers:international
organizations,privatemilitarytraining,andstatebuildingafterwar,”in
RolandParisandTimothySisk(eds.)TheDilemmasofStatebuilding:
Confrontingthecontradictionsofpostwarpeaceoperations(Routledge,2009),
pp.104-126.
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Week5(Feb.10) InstitutionBuildingandGovernance
• RolandParisandTimothyD.Sisk,“ManagingContradictions:TheInherent
DilemmasofPostwarStatebuilding,”InternationalPeaceAcademy,2007,pp.
1-10http://www.ipinst.org/publication/policy-papers/detail/104managing-contradictions-the-inherent-dilemmas-of-postwarstatebuilding.html.
• KatiaPapagianni,“ParticipationandStateLegitimation,”inCharlesT.Call
(ed)withV.Wyeth,BuildingStatestoBuildPeace(LynneRienner,2008),
pp.49-68.
• AshrafGhaniandClareLockhart,FixingFailedStates:AFrameworkfor
RebuildingAFracturedWorld(Oxford,2008),Chapter7,“TheFramework:
TheTenFunctionsoftheState,”pp.124-166.
• Ho-WonJeong,PeacebuildinginPostconflictSocieties:Strategy&Process
(LynneRienner,2005),Chapter4,“PoliticalTransition,”pp.77-122.
ReadingReviewandAnalysisPaperDueFebruary12
Week6(Feb.17) DevelopmentandEconomicRecovery
• PaulCollier,“PostconflictEconomicPolicy,”inCharlesT.Call(ed)withV.
Wyeth,BuildingStatestoBuildPeace(LynneRienner,2008),pp.103-116.
• Ho-WonJeong,PeacebuildinginPostconflictSocieties:Strategy&Process
(LynneRienner,2005),Chapter5,“Development,”pp.123-153.
• AshrafGhaniandClareLockhart,FixingFailedStates:AFrameworkfor
RebuildingAFracturedWorld(Oxford,2008),Chapter5,“ThePromisesand
PerilsofAid,”pp.85-112.
• ChristopherCramer,“Trajectoriesofaccumulationthroughwarandpeace,”
inRolandParisandTimothySisk(eds.)TheDilemmasofStatebuilding:
Confrontingthecontradictionsofpostwarpeaceoperations(Routledge,2009),
pp.129-148.
Week7(Feb.24) JusticeandRuleofLaw
• ErikG.Jensen,“JusticeandRueofLaw,”inCharlesT.Call(ed)withV.Wyeth,
BuildingStatestoBuildPeace(LynneRienner,2008),pp.119-137.
• JulieMertus,“Women’sParticipationintheInternationalCriminalTribunal
fortheFormerYugoslavia(ICTY),”HuntAlternativesFund,2004,pp.vi-26
http://www.inclusivesecurity.org/wpcontent/uploads/2004/07/19_women_s_participation_in_the_international_
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•
criminal_tribunal_for_the_former_yugoslavia_icty_transitional_justice_for_bos
nia_and_herzegovina.pdf.
CharlesT.Call,ConstructingJusticeandSecurityafterWar(USIPPress,2007),
“Conclusions,”Chapter11.
Week8(March2) •
•
•
Healing,Forgiveness&Reconciliation
MarthaMinow,BetweenVengeanceandForgiveness:FacingHistoryafter
GenocideandMassViolence(BeaconPress,1998).Chapters1,2&3,pp.1-51.
RamaMani,BeyondRetribution:SeekingJusticeintheShadowsofWar(Polity
Press,2002),Chapters2&3.
Video:“DeathandtheMaiden”
March6-13SpringBreak
Week9(March16)
SystemsDynamicsandPeacebuilding
• RobertRicigliano,MakingPeaceLast:AToolboxforSustainablePeacebuilding
(ParadigmPublishers,2012),PartsI&II,pp.3-135.
Week10(March23)
GroupPresentation(Groups1and4) Week11(March30)
GroupPresentation(Groups2and3)
Week12(April6) Accountability,Ethics,CodesofConduct
• “CodeofConduct.”InternationalAlert,1998,pp.2-32
http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/6341F41334B6F4B
6C1256C4C00438ABA-ai-codeconduct.pdf.
• UnitedNationsPeacekeepingOperations:PrinciplesandGuidelines,2008,
Chapters1&2,Annex1,p.93
http://pbpu.unlb.org/pbps/library/capstone_doctrine_eNg.pdf.
• MaryB.Anderson,“Enhancinglocalcapacityforpeace:donoharm”inL.
ReychlerandT.Paffenholz(eds)Peacebuilding:AFieldGuide(Lynne
Rienner,2001),pp.258-264.
• HugoSlim,“Dealingwithmoraldilemmas”inL.ReychlerandT.Paffenholz
(eds)Peacebuilding:AFieldGuide(LynneRienner,2001)pp.497-509.
Week13(April13)
EvaluatingImpact
• OECD/DAC,“EvaluatingConflictPreventionandPeacebuildingActivities,”
2008,
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•
http://www.oecd.org/dac/evaluationofdevelopmentprogrammes/dcdndep/
39289596.pdf
CheyanneScharbatke-Church,“EvaluatingPeacebuilding:NotYetAllItCould
Be,”n/d,pp.460-480
http://dmeforpeace.org/sites/default/files/ScharbatkeChurch_Evaluating%20Peacebuilding.pdf.
Week14(April20)
BuildingResilience
• WorldBank,2011WorldDevelopmentReport:Conflict,Securityand
Development,Chapters3,4,and5
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDRS/Resources/WDR2011_Overv
iew.pdf.
• “BuildingResiliencetoRecurrentCrisis:USAIDPolicyandProgram
Guidance,”2012,pp.5-24
http://transition.usaid.gov/resilience/USAIDResiliencePolicyGuidanceDocu
ment.pdf.
ResearchPaperDueApril27
VIII.SourcesofSupport
Ifyouexperiencedifficultyinthiscourseforanyreason,pleasedon’thesitateto
consultwithme.Inadditiontotheresourcesofthedepartment,awiderangeof
servicesisavailabletosupportyouinyoureffortstomeetthecourserequirements.
AcademicSupportCenter(x3360,MGC243)offersstudyskillsworkshops,
individualinstruction,tutorreferrals,andservicesforstudentswithlearning
disabilities.WritingsupportisavailableintheASCWritingLaborintheWriting
Center,Battelle228.
CounselingCenter(x3500,MGC214)offerscounselingandconsultations
regardingpersonalconcerns,self-helpinformation,andconnectionstooff-campus
mentalhealthresources.
DisabilitySupportServices(x3315,MGC206)offerstechnicalandpractical
supportandassistancewithaccommodationsforstudentswithphysical,medical,or
psychologicaldisabilities.Ifyouqualifyforaccommodationsbecauseofadisability,
pleasenotifymeinatimelymannerwithaletterfromtheAcademicSupportCenter
orDisabilitySupportServicessothatwecanmakearrangementstoaddressyour
needs.
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IX.EmergencyPreparedness
Intheeventofadeclaredpandemic(influenzaorothercommunicabledisease),
AmericanUniversitywillimplementaplanformeetingtheneedsofallmembersof
theuniversitycommunity.Shouldtheuniversityberequiredtocloseforaperiodof
time,wearecommittedtoensuringthatallaspectsofoureducationalprogramswill
bedeliveredtoourstudents.Thesemayincludealteringandextendingtheduration
ofthetraditionaltermscheduletocompleteessentialinstructioninthetraditional
formatand/oruseofdistanceinstructionalmethods.Specificstrategieswillvary
fromclasstoclass,dependingontheformatofthecourseandthetimingofthe
emergency.Facultywillcommunicateclass-specificinformationtostudentsviaAU
e-mailandBlackboard,whilestudentsmustinformtheirfacultyimmediatelyofany
absenceduetoillness.StudentsareresponsibleforcheckingtheirAUe-mail
regularlyandkeepingthemselvesinformedofemergencies.Intheeventofa
declaredpandemicorotheremergency,studentsshouldrefertotheAUWebsite
(www.prepared.american.edu)andtheAUinformationlineat(202)885-1100for
generaluniversity-wideinformation,aswellascontacttheirfacultyand/or
respectivedean’sofficeforcourseandschool/college-specificinformation.
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