FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER
Creating Energy Independence Since 1975
Taking Charge of Our
Energy Future
We Can Do Much Better!
James M. Fenton
and
Philip Fairey
A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida
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Economic Context
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Florida ranks 5th nationally in the amount of energy
consumed per capita and 3rd in total energy
consumption (This statistic does not account for tourist
population.)
The economic implications of fuel purchases in Florida
are large
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At $2.50/gal = $23 billion/year for automotive fuel. Plus
another $20 billion/year for electricity yields a total of $43
billion/year
At least half ($20 billion per year) leaves Florida’s
economy as fuel payments to other states and nations.
Keeping this money in Florida would result in $40 to $60
billion/year (2-3 times the $20 billion exported) in real
economic activity and job creation.
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Where Florida Stands
7 States => 15%
market share
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EPA Energy Star Homes
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National brand recognition
Reduce total home energy use by about 15%
compared to 2006 code standards
Save owners money each month – monthly
energy efficiency savings are greater than their
costs when paid through a 30-year mortgage
Save Florida citizens about 2,000 kWh per year
and about 1.5 tons of CO2 emissions per home
each year
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Energy Star Answers
What it Takes?
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Standard minimum code features plus. . .
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Energy Star windows, refrigerator and dishwasher
Three Energy Star lighting fixtures
A substantially leak-free duct system
An Energy Star air conditioner (SEER = 14)
Benefits and Costs?
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Total estimated annual savings = 1,995 kWh
Total estimated added costs = $1,600
Levelized cost of energy savings = 6¢ per kWh
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Current Projection
New Generation for 2014
Source: http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/pubs/eere_study/
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Residential Dominates
2004 Actual Energy Use by Sector (233 TWh)
Source: http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/pubs/eere_study/
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Off-the-Shelf Technology
40% annual energy savings (~$630)
2.06 kW
2000 sq.ft., 3 BR, single story, concrete block home
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Why Not This?
New Generation for 2014
Source: http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/pubs/eere_study/
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Efficiency First
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The least expensive kWh is the one that we do
not use (or produce)
New homes (190,000 per year) can cost
effectively achieve almost 40% greater
efficiency than 2007 code requirements
Existing homes (7.3 million) can be cost
effectively improved by more than 30%
Achieving this cost effective efficiency would
result in 53 billion kWh savings at a levelized
cost of about $0.05 per kWh.1
1 ACEEE, 2007. Potential for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy to Meet Florida’s
Growing Energy Demands
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Energy Efficiency Policy
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Florida should provide incentives (rebates) for
new homes that are more efficient than code,
as measured by the national HERS Index
Florida should provide incentives (rebates) for
existing homes that are improved by at least
25%, as measured by the national HERS Index
All rebates should be tied to performance
such that the rebate amount is $0.60-0.75 times
the annual kWh saved for all efficiency
improvements, including solar hot water.
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The Art of the Possible
The First “Zero Energy Home”
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$2400 at $0.12/kWh
$1800 at $0.12/kWh
Efficiency First
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Florida PV Rebates
From 30th to 9th through
Florida’s Energy Act
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Photovoltaic Costs
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Renewable Energy Policy
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Renewable “green” energy is now selling
voluntarily at a premium of only $0.025 per kWh
in Florida through TECO
Florida should establish a renewable energy
portfolio standard (RPS) that achieves at least
5% of power from renewables by 2023
Florida should establish an on-site solar energy
program that aims to achieve 10% of all water
heating and a 3% penetration of on-site PV
energy (~2,300 MW) by 2023.
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Renewable Electricity Standards
Washington:
15% by 2020
MN: 19% by 2015 (Xcel Energy)*
IA: 2% by 1999*
CA: 20%
by 2010
ME: 30%
by 2000*
WI: 10% by 2015
MT: 15%
by 2015
NV: 20%
by 2015
NY: 24%
by 2013
IL: 8%
by 2013**
MA: 4%
by 2009
RI: 16%
by 2019
CT: 10% by 2010
NJ: 22.5% by 2020
DE: 10% by 2019
CO: 10%
by 2015
MD: 7.5% by 2019
D.C: 11% by 2022
AZ: 15%
by 2025 NM: 10%
by 2011
PA: 8% by 2020
TX: 5,880 MW
(~5.5%) by 2015
HI: 20% by 2020
21 States + D.C.
*MN has a requirement for one utility, Xcel Energy, and a 10% by 2015 renewable energy goal for
all other utilities. In addition to their requirements, IA has a 1,000 MW (~10%) by 2010 goal,
and ME has a 10% new resources by 2017 goal.
**Renewable energy goal, with no specific enforcement measures.
RES
RES and Goal
RE Goal
Renewable Energy Policy
Florida should have a mandatory net
metering law just as 40 other states do
 Florida should increase its interconnection
standards for PV systems from 10 kW
maximum capacity to 100 kW
 Florida should establish a public benefits
fund to support its RPS.
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Non-Appropriated Public Benefits Funds
Oregon: $95 million
Minnesota:
$200 million
Montana:
$14 million
New York:
$89 million
Wisconsin:
$21 million
Ohio:
$25 million
MA: $494
million
RI: $30
million
CT: $248 million
NJ: $286 million
Delaware:
$18 million
Pennsylvania:
$67 million
California:
$2,048 million
Arizona:
$234 million
Illinois: $114 million
15 States = $4 billion by 2017
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Net Metering
NY: varies
(10 kW - 400 kW)
IN: 10 kW
and 1,000 kWh/month
25 kW
50 kW
Ohio:
No limit
100 kW 40 kW
25 kW
20 kW
25 kW
30 kW
25 kW
No limit
30 kW
40 kW
25 kW 100 kW
15 kW
1 MW
10 kW
10 kW
50 kW
40 States + D.C.
HI: 50 kW
VT: 15 kW,
150 kW for ag.
NH: 25 kW
MA: 60 kW
RI: 25 kW
CT: 100 kW
50 kW
NJ: 2 MW
DE: 25 kW
MD: 200 kW
DC: 100 kW
VA: 10 kW (res.);
500 kW (comm.)
NC: 20 kW (res.);
100 kW (comm.)
GA: 10 kW (res.);
100 kW (comm.)
OK: 100 kW
or 25,000 kWh
AR: 25 kW (res.);
100 kW (comm.)
ME: 100 kW
FL: 10 kW
State-wide
Programs
LA: 25 kW (res.);
100 kW (comm. or ag.)
Individual
Utilities
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$600 per capita
at $0.12/kWh
California’s Example
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Level The Playing Field
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California (PUC & CEC) provides $550 million
per year in renewable energy incentives
California has twice the population of Florida
Thus, Florida would need to provide $275
million per year to produce a level playing
field
The surcharge to achieve this fund in Florida
would be $0.0012 per kWh
For the typical Florida household, this would
equal $18 per year.
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Florida Solar Energy Center
Creating Energy Independence Since 1975
A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida
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Florida Solar Energy Center
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Created in 1975 by the Florida Legislature
The energy research institute of the state of Florida
Mission is research, testing and education
$8 - 10 million annually in external contracts and grants
The experience (staff >140) and capabilities to help solve
our energy problems and help meet our energy needs
Began as a “solar energy” center, but grew into many
new research and development areas
Housed in one of the world’s most energy-efficient
buildings.
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FSEC Expertise (30 years)
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High-Performance Buildings
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Solar Thermal Systems (today’s cost-effective solution)
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Photovoltaics (tomorrow’s source of electricity)
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Testing & Certification (protecting Florida’s citizens)
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Hydrogen, Alternative Fuels and Fuel Cells
(energy efficiency)
(the
future’s fuels and engines)
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Education and Training (Florida’s workforce for today
and the future)
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Demonstrations (moving the market)
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FSEC Leads the Nation
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U.S. DOE, Building America, Energy Efficiency – Only University to
lead a BA team (Industrialized Housing)
U.S. DOE, Southeast RES – Eastern U.S leader for photovoltaic
applications research
U.S. DOE, Fuel Cell Membranes – FSEC leads
$19 million, 12-member university and industry team
U.S. DOE Center of Excellence in Hydrogen Tech & Ed
NASA, Hydrogen – FSEC leads team of 6 Florida universities – largest
university team in nation
Zero Energy Homes - FSEC created the first “Zero Energy Home” in
the nation.
K-12, PV for Schools, Florida Renewable Energy Curriculum Developed
at FSEC
FSEC’s Gossamer Wind® ceiling fan is UCF’s most productive patent.
(> 1M sold, > $20M annual energy)
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Some FSEC Highlights
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Our buildings research has helped save state
residents more than $2.2 billion in energy costs.
Our solar research has led to more than 250,000
solar water heating systems installed in the
state – saving homeowners $30 million
annually.
We have trained more than 15,000 industry
professionals, government officials and others.
Our PV research has helped accelerate a market
now growing 30 percent annually.
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Becoming the Best
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Thanks to FSEC’s research, Florida’s residents are
saving more than $150 million annually in energy
costs, more than the total state investment in FSEC
over 30 years.
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The center has also attracted more than $150 million
in external R&D contracts.
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FSEC provides unbiased, university-based R&D and
education and training.
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Our work is enhancing industry and job creation.
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Developing renewable energy and energy efficiency
provides both energy and environmental security.
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Taking Charge
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Home Energy Efficiency Policy
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Renewable Energy Policy
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Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (5% by 2023)
10% Solar Hot Water, 3% on-site PV by 2023
Mandatory Net Metering
Interconnection PV standard increased from 10 kW to 100kW
Level the Playing Field so that the “Sunshine State” beats
the “Golden State”
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New and Existing Homes
Renewable Energy Incentives $275 million per year
($1.50 per month typical household)
Measure, Verify and Manage
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For Further Information
James M. Fenton, Director
jfenton@fsec.ucf.edu
(321) 638-1002
Philip Fairey, Deputy Director
pfairey@fsec.ucf.edu
(321) 638-1005
Main FSEC web site
www.fsec.ucf.edu
“Taking Charge of Our Energy Future”
www.fsec.ucf.edu/energynews/2006/2006-02-energyuse2014.htm
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