ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street Town of Hingham May 27, 2010 Prepared For:
MassDOT Highway Division
Prepared By:
BETA Group, Inc.
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Table of Contents Project Data ................................................................................................................................. 1
Background ................................................................................................................................. 2
Project Description ..................................................................................................................... 2
Audit Observations ..................................................................................................................... 5
Potential Safety Enhancements ................................................................................................. 6
Summary of Road Safety Audit ................................................................................................. 9
List of Appendices
Appendix A.
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
Appendix D.
Appendix E.
RSA Meeting Agenda
RSA Audit Team Contact List
Detailed Crash Data
Speed Regulations
Traffic Volume Data
List of Figures
Figure 1.
Locus Map .............................................................................................................................. 3
List of Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Participating Audit Team Members ....................................................................................... 1
Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown ....................................................................... 7
Potential Safety Enhancement Summary ............................................................................. 10
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Project Data
A Road Safety Audit for the intersection of Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) and Kilby Street
in the Town of Hingham was held on May 10, 2010 at the Sons of Italy Lodge at 88 Chief Justice
Cushing Highway, immediately adjacent to the intersection. As indicated in Table 1, the audit team
consisted of representatives from State, Regional and Local agencies and included a cross-section of
engineering, planning, emergency response and legislative expertise.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
Bonnie Polin
Lisa Schletzbaum
Jocelyn DeWire
Robert Gregory
Barbara LaChance
Edward Feeney
Stephen Burm
Sgt. David Horte
Efi Pagitsas
Tony Keady
David Killory
Jeff Hanorahan
Harry Sylvester
Randy Sylvester
Roger Fernandes
Betty Foley
Greg Lucas
Christine Keches
Tony Lionetta
Agency/Affiliation
MassDOT Highway Division – Safety Section
MassDOT Highway Division – Safety Section
MassDOT Highway Division – Project Management
MassDOT Highway Division District 5 - Projects
MassDOT Highway Division District 5 - Traffic
MassDOT Highway Division District 5 - Traffic
Rep. Bradley’s office
Hingham Police Department
Boston Region MPO
Hingham School Dept – Principal, East Elementary
Hingham School Dept – Dir. Of Business & Support Svc
Hingham DPW
Hingham DPW
Hingham DPW
Hingham DPW
Hingham Asst. Town Administrator
BETA Group, Inc.
BETA Group, Inc.
BETA Group, Inc.
Page 1
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Background
The Federal Highway Administration defines a Road Safety Audit (RSA) as the formal safety
examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. The
purpose of an RSA is to identify potential safety issues and possible opportunities for safety
improvements considering all roadway users. A Road Safety Audit was scheduled for the intersection of
Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) and Kilby Street because of concerns from area residents
about pedestrian safety, specifically for schoolchildren. Area children attend the East Elementary School
which is a newly-constructed school approximately ½ mile from the intersection which opened in
September 2009. Roadway and intersection improvements have also been made in the area as the result of
the Greenbush MBTA commuter rail line, including signalization of the intersection of Route 3A and
Summer Street, which is approximately 700 feet west of the Route 3A/Kilby Street intersection. The
purpose of the RSA is to identify both short term and long term safety improvements that can be made at
the subject intersection.
Project Description
The intersection of Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) and Kilby Street, shown in Figure 1, is
located in the eastern portion of Hingham. Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) is a state-owned
roadway functionally classified as an Urban Principal Arterial. Kilby Street is a town-owned roadway
functionally classified as an Urban Minor Arterial. Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) is a
significant regional roadway, connecting Hingham with neighboring towns in the South Shore. Route 3A
runs essentially parallel to Route 3 but provides more direct access to the town centers of Hingham and
other neighboring South Shore towns. Route 3A is a north-south roadway, but has primarily an east-west
alignment in Hingham. Kilby Street is an important local roadway, connecting Route 228 and Route 3A
with Rockland Street, which provides access to the coastal areas of Hingham and Hull.
Route 3A and Kilby Street form a 4-way
intersection, with Kilby Street under
STOP control. Route 3A provides a single
travel lane and a shoulder in each
direction. Kilby Street provides a single
travel lane in each direction with no
shoulder. A painted crosswalk is provided
across Route 3A on the western leg of the
intersection. Continuous sidewalks are
provided along the west side of Kilby
Street both north and south of Route 3A.
There are no sidewalks along Route 3A,
and no pedestrian signals or handicap
access ramps at the intersection. The large
corner radii at the intersection and the
placement of the crosswalk make the
Route 3A Southbound (looking eastbound)
at Kilby Street
Page 2
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BETA@BETA-inc.com
1,000
Feet
Chief Justice Cushing
Highway (Route 3A) at
Kilby Street
HINGHAM, MA
Figure 1
Location Map
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
crosswalk very long, almost 100 feet in length. Audit participants attempting to cross Route 3A during the
audit determined that a pedestrian would have to step a significant distance into the roadway to be visible
to an approaching vehicle.
There are post-mounted yellow and red flashers on the four corners of the intersection. Incandescent bulbs
and overgrowth of brush reduce the visibility of the flashing signals. It was noted during the audit that the
intersection was signalized many years ago, but that the signals were removed following a signal removal
warrant study. Speed regulations maintained by MassDOT Highway Division establish a 45 MPH speed
limit for Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A), which is not posted in the vicinity of the
intersection.
The land use of the surrounding area is primarily residential. The Sons of Italy Lodge is on the northeast
corner of the intersection. The southeast corner of the intersection is a residence with driveway access to
Kilby Street, while the southwest corner of the intersection is wooded. There is an empty lot on the
northwest corner of the intersection, bordered by a chain link fence. Town of Hingham personnel could
not recall a prior business on the site. There are multi-family apartment buildings on Route 3A to the west
of Kilby Street. The MBTA commuter rail Greenbush Line crosses Kilby Street at an at-grade crossing
600 feet north of Route 3A, with a lighted pedestrian walkway providing access from Kilby Street to the
Nantasket Junction Station, which has vehicle access from Summer Street.
Crash data were provided by the Hingham Police Department and summarized by MassDOT for three
years and are included in the Appendix. There were a total of 15 crashes at the intersection within the
period from December 2006 to December 2009, which are mapped on the collision diagram included in
the Appendix. Ten of the 15 mapped crashes were angle type crashes involving a vehicle traveling
northbound on Kilby Street. Five of those ten crashes were between a northbound vehicle and a vehicle
traveling eastbound (southbound) on Route 3A; four involved a northbound vehicle and a vehicle
traveling westbound (northbound) on Route 3A; and one involved a vehicle turning left from Route 3A
westbound (northbound) onto Kilby Street. Six of the 15 crashes involved a young driver, which is a
driver under the age of 20. Four of those six crashes occurred during the summer months. Half of the
overall crashes at the intersection occurred in the summer months of July and August. The crash rate for
the intersection is 1.16 crashes per million entering vehicles (MEV), which is almost two times the
statewide average for unsignalized intersections.
Average Daily Traffic (ADT) information was obtained from MassDOT Highway Division records in
advance of the audit. Data taken in 1999 show an ADT of 14,100 vehicles per day (vpd) on Route 3A
both east and west of Kilby Street. Additional ATR data were provided by MassDOT following the audit.
MassDOT collected ATR data for the four legs of the intersection from January 13 to 15, 2010. The data
show an ADT of 11,500 vpd on Route 3A east of Kilby Street and 11,000 vpd on Route 3A west of Kilby
Street. The ADT for Kilby Street is 1,800 vpd north of Route 3A and 1,900 vpd south of Route 3A.
Manual Turning Movement Counts (TMC) were also provided by MassDOT. Data was collected on
Thursday, January 14, 2010. The data show a clear commuter flow of traffic on Route 3A, with much
heavier northbound traffic in the morning and heavier southbound traffic in the afternoon. The morning
peak hour occurred from 7:15 AM to 8:15 AM, with the afternoon peak hour from 4:30 PM to 5:30 PM.
Complete ATR and TMC data are included in the Appendix.
Page 4
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Audit Observations
Following a brief introduction to the RSA process and a summary of traffic volumes and crash
information, the audit participants were asked to discuss safety issues at the intersection of Chief Justice
Cushing Highway (Route 3A) and Kilby Street. Audit participants then conducted a site visit as a group,
at which time they offered observations on safety concerns and deficiencies. A summary of those major
safety considerations follows:
•
Pedestrian Accommodations – This audit was conducted because of concerns from area residents
regarding pedestrian safety. As such, both existing pedestrian accommodations and potential
improvements for pedestrians were a large part of the audit discussion. A summary of the issues
raised by audit participants is as follows:
o Length of crosswalk. The crosswalk crossing Route 3A at Kilby Street is almost 100 feet
in length as a result of the large corner radii at the intersection. Large corner radii were
likely provided to accommodate large trucks, several of which were observed navigating
turns at the intersection during the audit. The length of the crosswalk requires pedestrians
to enter the crosswalk by as much as 20 feet in order to be visible to approaching traffic.
o Crosswalk visibility. The crosswalk is not clearly visible to approaching vehicles. Despite
the presence of advance warning signs for both the intersection and the pedestrian
crosswalk, neither the crosswalk nor the intersection with Kilby Street is noticeable for
approaching vehicles. It was noted that although there are existing advance warning
signs, they are not the highly visible fluorescent yellow-green color. It was also noted that
the advance pedestrian warning sign for the northbound approach is missing, and that the
pedestrian warning sign mounted at the crosswalk is in fact mounted beyond the
crosswalk due to geometric limitations.
Crosswalk sign on Route 3A Northbound
(looking westbound) at Kilby Street
Page 5
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
•
Sign and Flashing Beacon Visibility – It was noted that existing signs and post-mounted beacons are
not visible for all approaches at the intersection. Overgrowth of vegetation contributes to the visibility
issues. It was also noted that the STOP sign for the Kilby Street southbound approach is mounted at a
substandard height.
Substandard height STOP sign Kilby Street Southbound at Route 3A STOP sign and Flashing Beacon hidden by overgrowth Kilby Street Northbound at Route 3A Page 6
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Potential Safety Enhancements
After the site visit, audit participants returned to the meeting location to discuss the safety issues and
consider improvements. Audit participants were encouraged to consider both short and long term
improvements for each issue. Each improvement considered has been categorized as short-term, mid­
term, or long-term based on the definitions shown in Table 2. Additionally, a cost category has been
assigned to each improvement based on the parameters set forth in Table 2.
Table 2. Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown
Time Frame
Short-term
<1 year
Mid-term
1–3 years
Long-term
>3 years
Costs
Low
Medium
High
<$10,000
$10,001–$50,000
>$50,000
The following improvements were suggested by audit participants to improve safety issues associated
with the intersection of Chief Justice Cushing Highway(Route 3A) and Kilby Street.
•
•
•
Conduct traffic counts during summer and revisit signal warrant analysis. Installation of a new traffic
signal was raised as a potential solution by Town officials present at the audit. It was noted by
MassDOT that traffic signal warrant analysis conducted based on data collected in 2010 show that the
intersection does not meet any of the warrants identified in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices (MUTCD). It was suggested that counts may be higher during the summer months, and
MassDOT agreed that the intersection should be counted again during that period. Unless a traffic
signal is warranted, installation of a traffic signal is not recommended. Conducting additional traffic
counts is a low cost, short-term improvement. Traffic signal construction would be a long-term, high
cost improvement.
Construct delta islands for corners. The length of the crosswalk and the large corner radii were both
suggested as issues that compromise safety for pedestrians and vehicles. It was suggested that delta
islands could be constructed on the northwest and southwest corners to shorten the crosswalk length
for pedestrians while also providing a channelized turn lane for turning vehicles. This potential
solution should be studied first to determine if it is feasible within existing geometric constraints
while still providing required space for all turning movements. Construction of this recommended
improvement is a medium cost, short-term improvement, including the initial study and design.
Consider roundabout. This was raised as a potential solution but is not recommended at this time.
Roundabouts are more effective where traffic on the four approaches is more closely balanced, and
where there are heavy turning movements that can be more effectively accommodated with a
roundabout than with a traffic signal. Traffic volumes at the audit intersection show that Route 3A is
much more heavily traveled and that 92% of the traffic in the morning peak hour is comprised of
through vehicles on Route 3A. In addition, a roundabout does not provide a protected pedestrian path
without additional signalization on the approaches. A roundabout is not recommended by the audit
team at this intersection.
Page 7
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
•
•
•
•
Replace pedestrian warning signs. Crosswalk warning signs should be
replaced with new fluorescent yellow-green W11-2 pedestrian warning
signs with a supplemental arrow plaque. In addition, new fluorescent
yellow-green W11-2 signs should be mounted in advance of the crosswalk
on Route 3A with a supplemental “AHEAD” plaque. All existing or
conflicting pedestrian warning signs should be removed. This is a shortterm, low cost improvement.
Replace post mounted flashing beacons with overhead beacon. An overhead 4-way flashing beacon at
the intersection would replace the four post mounted beacons and would increase visibility and
awareness of the intersection for approaching vehicles. This is a mid-term, high cost improvement.
Adjust mounting height of signs. The STOP sign on the Kilby Street southbound approach is mounted
below standard height and should be placed on a new post. Other signs at the intersection should be
measured to insure that they are at the proper height for roadside mounting. Current MassDOT
standards require that the sign panel be mounted so that the bottom of the sign panel is 7 feet above
the ground elevation at the edge of pavement. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.
Trim brush and shrubs. Sign visibility is compromised by overgrowth on three of the four approaches.
Brush and other growth should be cut back so that signs are visible from a distance by approaching
vehicles. This is a short-term, low cost improvement.
In addition to the improvements summarized above, the audit team considered whether it is feasible for
students of the East Elementary School to walk to school, which requires them to cross Route 3A.
Presently, students north of Route 3A are bussed to the East Elementary School, while students south of
Route 3A (within a certain distance of the school) walk. Parents have complained that the school bus
route for students north of the Route 3A/Kilby Street is approximately 40 minutes long, despite their
homes being only ½ mile from the school.
The most logical route for students north of Route 3A to utilize if they were to walk to school brings them
across Route 3A at Kilby Street, south on Kilby Street to Summer Street, south on Summer Street to East
Street (Route 228), then southwest on East Street to Collins Road and the East Elementary School. This
route is approximately ½ mile in length from a starting point just north of the railroad tracks on Kilby
Street. It was noted that there is a new traffic signal installation with pedestrian accommodations at Route
3A and Summer Street, and that pedestrians should be encouraged to use this crossing to safely cross
Route 3A. This route would require pedestrians to walk along Route 3A, where no sidewalks are
provided, or along the pedestrian path parallel to the railroad tracks which brings the pedestrians onto the
train platform at the West Nantasket commuter rail station. This path is not practical for school children,
and adds approximately ¼ mile to the trip for pedestrians bound to/from Kilby Street. It was suggested at
the audit that no amount of improvements, including signalization, would prompt the Hingham school
department to require students from north of Route 3A to walk to school. The town may wish to consider
investigating bus routes to shorten the length of time that these students spend on the bus, and may also
consider a bus stop on Kilby Street just north of Route 3A so that students can walk but not have to cross
Route 3A. This potential short-term improvement should start with discussion between the school, the
Town, parents, and the bus company.
Page 8
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Summary of Road Safety Audit
Table 3 summarizes potential recommendations discussed by the audit team. The recommendations are
categorized based on the potential safety payoff, as well as by time frame and cost. The safety payoff is a
qualitative judgment of the effectiveness of the potential safety improvements.
Page 9
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
Design and construct delta islands on the
Pedestrian Accommodation
northwest and southwest corners to
shorten crosswalk length.
Replace pedestrian warning signs with
fluorescent yellow-green signs. Include
Pedestrian Accommodation, Visibility two signs per approach, one with an
“AHEAD” plaque and one with an arrow
plaque.
Visibility
Install overhead flashing beacon.
Adjust mounting height of signs to meet
Visibility
minimum 7’ clearance.
Visibility
Trim brush and shrubs along approaches.
Conduct traffic count in the summer and
Pedestrian Accommodation
revisit traffic signal warrant analysis.
Study school bus route and discuss
Pedestrian Accommodation
potential changes between school, Town,
parents and bus company.
Install a traffic signal with pedestrian
accommodation. (This improvement is only
recommended if a traffic signal is
Pedestrian Accommodation, Visibility
warranted, and if construction of a traffic
signal is supported by MassDOT and the
Town of Hingham)
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Medium
Short-term
$40,000
Medium
Short-term
$1,000
Medium
Mid-term
$100,000
Medium
Short-term
$1,000
Medium
Short-term
$500
Low
Short-term
$2,000
Low
Short-term
N/A
High
Long-term
$300,000
Page 10
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda Road Safety Audit
Hingham – Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at
Kilby Street
Meeting Location: Sons of Italy Lodge
88 Chief Justice Cushing Highway, Hingham
Monday, May 10th, 2010
10:00 AM – 12:00 noon
Type of meeting:
Road Safety Audit
Attendees:
Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team
Please bring:
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
10:00 AM
Welcome and Introductions
10:15 AM
Review of Site Specific Material
• Crash, Speed & Volume Summaries
• Existing Geometries and Conditions
10:45 AM
Visit the Site
• Walk to the intersection Route 3A / Kilby Street
• As a group, identify areas for improvement
11:30 AM
Completion of RSA
• Finalize discussion on all areas for improvement
• Discuss potential improvements with pros and cons and record possible
countermeasures
12:00 noon
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:
• Before attending the RSA on May 10th, participants are encouraged to drive / walk
through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List
with a focus on safety.
• All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.
• After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List )t
Audli Team Members
Phone Number.
Name
xxx-xxx-xxxx
Road Safety Audit—Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A) at Kilby Street—Hingham, MA
Prepared by BETA Group, Inc.
Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data Permit Writers Workshop
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Crash Data Summary
Intersection of Chief Justice Cushing Highway at Kilby Street Dec 1, 2006-Dec 1, 2009 3
'uesdav
IMondav
4
IFrtdav
6
I"""',,
2001
Auaust 7. 2007
JAugust 13,2007
IJanuarv 25. 2008
I
5
8
g
·
(2:5fPM
· --­ · ·, "t
f10:"i2AM
I3:31PM
h:oo PM
- --\_.._·...
•
~..~iiiit·~ -,r.._, ._.;:~ ; ·
IIJ~ight
!CloudY
IDark - roadway not lighted
I Unknown
IAngle
Julv 30. 2008
'July 30, 2008
August 26. 2008
An ale
Unknown
I Rear-end
I
IADri12Q. 2009
J6:11AM
IAnale
loa\lliaht
_... ---~:;_1 ; -,:
- ..-:.;; ·­
WedlerCondltlaa < c.· RCMdlurface >· DftvwConlrlbutlnaCOcle
ICloudv
IDavti!lht
IAnale
,~ ....~,; -..; ·.:·-_.;;,:,::': r~ ·
_ ~Clear
IDaylight
!Angle
IAnale
UnknO'Ml
17:41 PM
!1 :45AM
3:14PM
2:30PM
March 12, 2008
!TuesdaY
-;.;;i....... ..-. : ~_:--~ , ~ •• ~
~~~~l;~ii':·~·
_
l2!v__
UnknO'Ml
ro&­
Iclear
Me
I
lory
Dark -lighted roadway
~Clear
Davtiaht
UnknO'Ml
:::Jflear
!Daylight
Daylight
Clear
, ...
IFanad to vield riaht ofWav
I 16. 311
!Failed to vield right of way ---.-----nt81
IFollowed too doselv
I
39.31
--· -~· __d traffic signs, ~---,Operator thought it was a rour way s<op
sianals. road marklnas
I 18. 22 intersection
Operator unlicensed & under influence of
43, 59 alcohol
'
29,62
39,41
!Failed to yield riaht of way
60.4
Followed too closely
'Failure to keep in proper lane
or runnina off road
39.25
IDrv
Jory
lorv
lorv
OperaVng vehicle In erraflc,
rec/dass, csre/ess, negligent,
fll
IThutsdav
IAori130. 2009
!.5:54AM
'July 191 2(
Auaust 14. 2009
.2009
>:19PM
r:32AM
J9:56AM
I0:48AM
12:06-PM
IOdober 12.2009
!9:51AM
1
12
13
Tlil.lrsdav
Sunday
15
Thursdav
14
16
17
FiidaV'
!MondaY
IFttdav
INovember 6. 2009
'.1J6AM
Clear
::lear
'l&adon
~
'ul_g
Daylight
Davtight
D~ht
Cloudy
~
'ula
Daylight
Davliaht
Da i ht
Clear
1::e
3;
t:
lctear
Out of Area
6 crashes of 151nvolved a young driver (driver between the ages of 16-20)
10 out of 15 crashes Involve a vehicle traveling In the NB dlracUon
Summary
Ana!e
12
80.0%
Manner of Collision
Rear-end I
UnknO'Ml
1
2
6.7%
13.3%
6:00am-1O:OOam
4
26.7%
15
Total Crashes
10:00am-2:00om
4
26.7%
Time of Day
2:00om.5:00om
5
33.3%
!O:OOpm-2:00am
0
0.0%
-·
~5-:"
Drv
13
86.7%
Mondav
2
13.3%
,
Road Surface
,
Wet
Unknown
6.7%
6.7%
Tuesdav
3
20.0%
t
Wednesdav
5
33.3%
LICihtlna
Dark- lighted
Davtiaht
13
86.7%
..
--­
,
--­ ... . -
6.7%
Dav of Weak
Friday
Thursdav
I
2
2
13.3%
13.3%
. . .- w.,
Summary basad on Crash Reports obtained from the Hingham Police Department
~-
·­
.
.!.
,
Dark- not lighted
6.7%
~a -; 1._.:.·
Saturday
0
0.0%
.#--...,~~.~·
Sunday
1
6.7%
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Jper.nor <ailed to stop at stop sign &
60. 41 I flashina red light
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48.52
sianats, road marldnas
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manner
•ilad to yield right of way
•iled to vield right of way
•ilad to yield right of way
•ilad to yield right of way
•fled to vield riaht of waY
Disregarded traffic signs,
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lory