ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
Route 16 (Main St.) at
Route 140 (Prospect St. & Cape Rd.)
Town of Milford
April 2014
Prepared For:
MassDOT
On Behalf Of:
Town of Milford
Prepared By:
CHA Consulting
101 Accord Park Drive
Norwell, MA 02061
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Table of Contents
Background ................................................................................................................................. 1
Project Data ................................................................................................................................. 1
Project Location Description ..................................................................................................... 3
Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements........................................................ 5
Summary of Road Safety Audit ............................................................................................... 13
List of Appendices
Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda
Appendix B. RSA Team Contact List
Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data
Appendix D. Peak Hour Traffic Volumes
Appendix E. Road Safety Audit References
List of Figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Locus Map ............................................................................................................................. 2
Route 16 at Route 140 Intersection ....................................................................................... 4
List of Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Participating Audit Team Members ....................................................................................... 1
Potential Safety Enhancements Summary ............................................................................ 15
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Background
The intersection of Route 16 (Main Street) and Route 140 (Prospect Street and Cape Road) in Milford,
Massachusetts is listed as a High Crash Location within the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC)
region. As such, the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) has determined that
Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) funding would be allowed for reconstruction of this
intersection if a Road Safety Audit (RSA) is conducted and the proposed design included safety
improvements identified in the RSA. The intersection is currently under design (MassDOT Project
#607428) as part of the Resurfacing and Intersection Improvements on Route 16 (Main Street) from
Water Street to the Hopedale town line project for which the Town of Milford is the proponent. The
project is not currently placed in a funding year on the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) list.
The purpose of this RSA is to identify existing safety deficiencies and potential safety improvements that
could be implemented as part of the Route 16 Resurfacing and Intersection Improvements Project.
Additionally, potential short-term low cost improvements are identified for MassDOT and the Town of
Milford to consider for implementation prior to the reconstruction of the intersection. The location of the
intersection included in the RSA is depicted in Figure 1.
Project Data
The audit team conducted a RSA for the intersection of Route 16 (Main Street) and Route 140 (Prospect
Street and Cape Road) on Tuesday March 18, 2014. The RSA Agenda is included in Appendix A. Table
1 lists the audit team members and their affiliations. Appendix B includes contact information for all
team members.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
Scott Crisafulli
Vonnie Reis
Promise Otaluka
Lola Campbell
Corey O’ Connor
Lisa Schletzbaum
John Touhey
William Touhey Jr.
Tom O’ Loughlin
John Morgan Jr.
Amanda Joy
Andrew Valcovic
Agency/Affiliation
Milford Highway Department
Milford Town Engineer
FHWA – MA Division
MassDOT District 3
MassDOT Traffic Safety
MassDOT Traffic Safety
Milford Fire Department
Milford Fire Department
Milford Police Department
CHA Consulting
CHA Consulting
CHA Consulting
Page 1
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Source: Office of Geographic Information (MassGIS), Commonwealth of Massachusetts Information Technology Division
±
TOWN OF MILFORD, MA
RTE. 16 (MAIN ST.)
AT ROUTE 140 (PROSPECT ST. & CAPE RD.)
ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
0 35 70
140
Figure 1. Locus Map
210
FT
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Traffic data was provided to the audit team prior the RSA, including crash data and collision diagrams
based on crash records from the Town of Milford Police Department from 2009 – 2013 and MassDOT
from 2009 - 2011. Records from these sources show 68 accidents occurred at the Route 16 and Route 140
intersection over a five-year period. Accident reports from the Milford Police Department were provided
for 64 of the 68 accidents that contain a more detailed description of the accident and were used to
prepare a collision diagram, shown in Appendix C. Of the 68 crashes reported at the intersection, 34
(50%) were rear end crashes, 19 (28%) were angle crashes, eight (12%) were sideswipe crashes, three
(4%) were single vehicle crashes and three (4%) were head on collisions. One remaining accident did not
have a recorded manner of collision. Appendix C provides the detailed crash data for the intersection.
Project Location Description
The RSA focused on the intersection of Route 16 and Route 140 in Milford, MA. Figure 2 depicts the
existing intersection.
Route 16 (Main Street) is an urban principal arterial owned by the Town of Milford. The paved width of
Route 16 is between 32 and 33 feet on both approaches to the intersection. Route 140 through this portion
of Milford is a state-owned highway that is also an urban principal arterial. The paved width of the
Prospect Street (southbound) approach is approximately 33.5 feet while the Cape Road (northbound)
approach is currently about 31.5 feet wide. The intersection is under actuated signal control with wire
loop detection. The signal does not feature emergency pre-emption detection and the signal equipment
appears to be quite old. All approaches to the intersection have one lane in each direction. The single
approach lane on each of the approaches accommodates all turning movements through the intersection.
Right turns on red are permitted on all of the approaches except for the Route 16 eastbound approach as
indicated by a “NO TURN ON RED” sign that is in good condition. Sidewalks are provided on both sides
of the road on all four approaches to the intersection; however, the sidewalks are typically substandard
with widths as narrow as 3 feet and wheelchair ramps that are not ADA and MassDOT compliant.
Pedestrian signals with push button activation are included on each corner of the intersection.
The intersection features narrow approaches with tight radii and a level of service of C in the A.M. peak
hour and D in the P.M. peak hour. Capacity issues with the intersection compound the safety deficiencies
and create conditions where local drivers frequently bypass the intersection by using cut-through side
streets such as Daniels Street, Green Street, and South Main Street to avoid the congestion.
The Milford Regional Medical Center is located directly adjacent to the intersection to the north with
access from Prospect Street and from Route 16. The hospital services 15 communities in the area and
receives visitors from all directions. Ambulances currently access the hospital from the Prospect Street or
Main Street entrance and frequently need to go through the intersection to access the hospital.
As stated previously, the Route 16 at Route 140 intersection is currently under design (MassDOT Project
#607428) as part of the Resurfacing and Intersection Improvements on Route 16 (Main Street) from
Water Street to the Hopedale town line project for which the Town of Milford is the proponent. The
timeline for implementation is several years out as the project in not currently placed in a funding year on
the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) list.
Page 3
33.5
'
NO
PARKING
MAIN STREET
(ROUTE 16)
32'
33'
ANY
TIME
(PUBLIC - X' WIDE)
NO
TURN
ON
RED
INTERSECTION SIGHT DISTANCE
AVAILABLE SIGHT DISTANCE
LEFT (FT)
RIGHT (FT)
PROSPECT ST.
115
55
(RTE. 140)
CAPE RD. (RTE.
270
600+
140)
MAIN ST. WB
200
600+
(RTE. 16)
MAIN ST. EB
125
410
(RTE. 16)
APPROACH
31.5
'
SCALE 1" = 10'
Figure 2: Intersection Existing Conditions & Accident Location
Town of Milford
Route 140 (Prospect St. & Cape Rd.) at Route 16 (Main St.)
Road Safety Audit
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Audit Observations and Potential Safety
Enhancements
During the RSA performed on March 18, 2014 the following safety issues were identified for the
intersection of Route 16 at Route 140:
1. Geometry for Heavy Truck Turning Movements
2. Lack of Emergency Vehicle Pre-emption
3. Sight Distance Obstructions
4. Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations
5. Safety and Capacity Deficiencies for Left Turns
6. Visibility of Signal Heads
7. Worn Pavement Markings
Safety Issue #1: Geometry for Heavy Truck Turning Movements
Observations:
The skewed angle of the intersection attributes to the tight turning radius for truck turning on the
southwest and northeast corners. A review of crash data found that there were two accidents involving
large trucks attempting to make either left or right turns through the intersection. One accident involved a
tractor-trailer making a left turn onto Route 16 westbound from the Cape Road approach and sideswiping
a vehicle stopped at the stop line on the Route 16 westbound approach. Another accident involved a
pedestrian on a riding lawn mower outside of the sidewalk being struck by a tractor-trailer making a right
turn from the Route 16 eastbound approach onto Route 140 – Cape Road. Mr. Crisafulli, the Milford
Highway Surveyor, and Police Chief O’ Loughlin noted that the signal posts lie close to the roadway and
trucks attempting to make left or right turns frequently hit the signal heads or actual posts. Specifically
trucks making a right turn from the Route 16 eastbound approach onto Cape Road and trucks making a
right turn from the Route 16 westbound approach onto Prospect Street are susceptible to striking the
adjacent signal posts. The queued vehicles on the northbound Cape Road approach make the right turn
onto Cape Road from Route 16 even more difficult for trucks as the queued vehicles often hug the double
yellow centerline. This allows two lanes to form on the northbound approach to allow drivers behind
them headed straight or right to maneuver around the waiting left turning vehicles. Heavy vehicles
comprise a relatively high percentage (9%) of traffic through this intersection and frequently make the left
or right turn from Route 16 onto Cape Road to access a bottling plant south of the intersection.
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Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Enhancements:
1. A long-term solution would be to modify the intersections geometry to better accommodate truck
turns. Providing appropriate radii at the intersection will ensure that trucks are accommodated for
all turning movements. Moving traffic signal posts further back from curb lines to locations
where they will be out of the path of heavy trucks will also minimize accidents with fixed objects
at the intersection. These types of modifications could be part of the Route 16 Resurfacing and
Intersection Improvements Project.
Safety Issue #2: Lack of Emergency Vehicle Pre-Emption
Observations:
Currently, the traffic signal does not feature emergency vehicle pre-emption that would allow emergency
vehicles to override normal signal phasing and provide a green light for the direction of the approaching
vehicle. The Milford Fire Chief and Police Chief stated during the pre-audit meeting that the police and
fire vehicles as well as virtually all ambulances in the region feature Opticom systems that allow for
emergency vehicle signal pre-emption. This intersection is narrow and congested, which can cause issues
for emergency vehicles destined for the Milford Regional Medical Center, directly adjacent to the
intersection. The traffic signal should feature pre-emption detectors to increase safety for all vehicles and
help emergency vehicles cross the intersection in a quick and safe manner. Accident research shows two
accidents were caused by vehicles reacting to an approaching emergency vehicle and as a result, colliding
with another vehicle as the drivers attempt to move out of the intersection and out of the way of the
emergency vehicle. During the audit, it was observed that emergency vehicles had to use the opposing
travel lane in order to cross the intersection.
Enhancements:
1. A long-term solution to this problem is to add emergency pre-emption detectors and equipment to
the signals. A new traffic signal controller and cabinet would most likely be needed to
accommodate the pre-emption equipment.
Safety Issue #3: Sight Distance Obstructions
Observations:
Several obstructions to intersection sight distance were noted during the road safety audit as listed below:

Hedges on the southbound Prospect Street approach limit sight distance to just 55 feet to
the right for this approach. The hedges also limit sight distance for the eastbound Main
Street approach to just 125 feet to the left. Two accidents within the study period may be
Page 6
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
partially attributed to the limited sight distance; one accident occurred as a southbound
vehicle ran a red light and struck a vehicle headed eastbound on Main Street while the
other accident occurred with an eastbound vehicle running a red light and striking a
southbound vehicle. If the available sight distance in the approaching direction met
recommended standards, the drivers may have been able to stop in time to avoid a
collision.

A cluster of signs and signal posts in combination with the downward grade of Route 16
limits sight distance for the southbound Prospect Street approach to approximately 120
feet to the left for this approach. During the accident study period, two accidents involved
an angle collision with a southbound vehicle and a westbound vehicle. Although both
accidents were primarily the result of vehicles running a red light, it is possible that had
the vehicle on the southbound Prospect Street approach had adequate sight distance onto
Main Street, the accidents may have been averted.

The hill on the Cape Road approach in addition to signage and trees limit sight distance
on the Route 16 westbound approach to around 200 feet to the left. Three accidents were
reported involving a vehicle coming from the Cape Road approach colliding at an angle
with a vehicle headed westbound on Main Street. Each of the three accidents involved
one of the drivers failing to stop for a red light and as a result, colliding with crossing
traffic. It is possible that the limited sight distance onto Cape Road prevented the driver
on the westbound Main Street approach from being able to view an approaching vehicle
on Cape Road and stop in response.
Enhancements:
1. A potential short-term enhancement would be to trim or remove the hedges on Prospect Street.
The hedges lie within the State Highway right-of-way. Removing the hedges would increase sight
distance for the southbound Prospect Street approach looking to the right and the eastbound Main
Street approach looking left.
2. Another potential short-term enhancement would be to remove the “Army Recruiting Station”
sign located on the northwest quadrant of the intersection. This sign is out-of-date as the Army
Recruiting Station closed a number of years ago and relocated to Worcester.
3. A potential long-term enhancement to improving sight distance for all approaches would be to
relocate signal posts and road signs to areas that maintain their visibility to drivers, but do not
obstruct intersection sight distances. This modification would be part of an intersection
reconstruction project.
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Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Safety Issue #4: Pedestrian & Bicycle Accommodations
Observations:
Sidewalks were observed on both sides of the road on all four
approaches. However, the sidewalks are as narrow as three feet in width
for certain portions. The hedges on the western side of Prospect Street
encroach onto the sidewalk forcing pedestrians to walk in the roadway,
posing a significant safety issue, as shown in the photo to the right.
Additionally, the handicapped ramps are not ADA and MassDOT
compliant and crosswalk pavement markings are extensively faded. The
traffic signal has a pedestrian phase that was observed to be of adequate
timing. The pedestrian buttons appear to be working properly.
Representatives of the Town of Milford noted that they hardly see
pedestrians crossing at the intersection because of its safety issues. The
majority of the pedestrians in the area walk across Prospect Street from
the Dana Farber Cancer Center to the Milford Regional Medical Center
via a crosswalk located approximately 300 feet north of the intersection.
This crosswalk features flashing beacons on both sides of the road and reflective pedestrian crossing
signage to alert drivers to the mid-block crosswalk. RSA team members from the Town of Milford noted
that vehicles queue up from this crosswalk into the Route 16 at Route 140 intersection during shiftchanges at the medical centers due to the high number of pedestrians.
There was one reported accident involving a pedestrian at the intersection during the years reviewed. This
accident involved a person on a riding lawn mower who was struck by a tractor-trailer truck attempting
right turn onto Cape Road. The trailer drove over the curb and onto the sidewalk, striking the lawn mower
and pulling it several dozen feet. This accident can be mainly attributed to the geometric deficiencies
related to truck turning movements characterized in Safety Issue #1. None of the reported accidents
involved bicycles. However, sidewalk conditions and bicycle accommodations were both noted as safety
concerns during the RSA.
The intersection lacks clear bicycle accommodations through the intersection. The signal does not include
bicycle detection. The Route 140 Prospect Street approach has three-foot wide shoulders on both sides of
the road delineated by white edge lines in fair condition, but end before the stop line on the right side. The
Route 140 Cape Road approach has two to three foot wide shoulders on both sides of the road also
delineated by white edge lines in fair condition. The shoulders are less than the standard five foot width to
accommodate bicycles. The Route 16 approaches have sixteen to seventeen foot wide travel lanes without
any pavement markings delineating a shoulder or lane for bicycles.
Enhancements:
1. A potential short-term enhancement would be to trim the hedges on Prospect Street that encroach
onto the sidewalk. This would significantly help pedestrians reach the intersection without having
the walk in the roadway.
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Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
2. A potential long -term enhancement would be to install ADA compliant wheelchair ramps at the
intersection and to designate crosswalks with appropriate signage and pavement markings.
3. A potential short-term solution is to paint white edge lines on the Route 16 approaches to
delineate five-foot wide shoulders for bicycles on both sides of the road. The paved width of
these approaches is between thirty-two and thirty-three feet, allowing for two eleven foot travel
lanes and five-foot wide shoulders on both sides of the road.
4. A potential long-term enhancement is to provide five-foot wide shoulders or bicycle lanes on both
sides of all approaches to the intersection. Wider shoulders, consistent with MassDOT standards,
would improve safety for bicyclists and reduce congestion for all roadway users.
5. A potential long-term enhancement would be to install bicycle detectors with proper signage at
the intersection to allow for the detection of bicycles to request a green phase. Bicycle detection
equipment would be part of an overall intersection improvement project.
Safety Issue #5: Safety and Capacity Deficiencies for Left Turns
Observations:
This intersection is known amongst locals for having long queues and extensive delays and as a result,
some drivers avoid the intersection by using cut-through streets such as Green Street or South Main Street
to avoid a Route 16 westbound left turn or right turn off Cape Road at the intersection. Drivers also use
Daniels Street to avoid making a left turn from Cape Road or right turn from Route 16 eastbound at the
intersection. At least six accidents occurred during the five-year study period with vehicles attempting left
turns at the intersection, three of which occurred for vehicles turning left from the Route 16 eastbound
approach. Furthermore, some of the accidents that occurred along the cut through routes may also be
attributed to this safety issue, as drivers are forced to seek an alternate route due to the capacity
deficiencies. Observations during the audit found that left turning vehicles frequently are forced to wait
until the signal turns from green to yellow to red to make a left turn due to the high volume of conflicting
through traffic. At least 14 accidents occurred due to drivers failing to yield the right-of-way or drivers
disregarding traffic signals that could be attributed to this issue.
According to traffic data and field observations, there are relatively high volumes of turning vehicles at
this intersection. Specifically, the Route 16 eastbound approach has a left turn volume of 100 vehicles
during the A.M. peak hour while the Cape Road approach has a left turn volume of greater than 135
during the P.M. peak hour. Due to the lack of a turning lane, vehicles waiting to make a left turn hold up
through and right turning traffic leading to driver frustration. During the audit, it was observed that
drivers traveling straight through the intersection often yielded the right-of-way to left turning traffic as a
form of courtesy. This form of driver courtesy could explain the high percentage of rear end collisions
(50%) at the intersection, as drivers do not expect to have to stop behind a vehicle that has yielded the
right-of-way to a left turning vehicle. In general, RSA team members from the Town of Milford noted
Page 9
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
that left turns from all approaches to the intersection are difficult to make due to the congestion and high
traffic volumes without any gaps in traffic.
Enhancements:
1. A potential short-term enhancement would be to check if the signal clearance times meet current
MassDOT standards and make adjustments as necessary. If the signal clearance time is shorter
than current MassDOT standards, the time could be increased to allow the intersection to clear
more efficiently.
2. A potential long-term enhancement would be to add turning lanes to the intersection geometry
and a protected left turn phase to the signal timing. Adding a left turn lane to the Cape Road and
the Route 16 eastbound approach would yield the most significant improvements to capacity
because of the high volume of these turning movements. Additional traffic volume should be
accounted for as a result of the potential for drivers choosing to go through the intersection
instead of using cut-throughs to bypass the intersection and altering their travel patterns due to
reduced delays. The limited available right-of-way may dictate where turn lanes can be added.
3. Another potential long-term enhancement would be to construct a roundabout for this intersection
that may move traffic through the intersection more efficiently and smoothly. Roundabouts are
effective in circumstances such as this intersection where traffic volumes are evenly distributed
amongst the approaches. The limited available right-of-way may require land-takings to construct
a roundabout.
Safety Issue #6: Visibility of Signal Heads
Several deficiencies and obstructions affecting the visibility of signal heads were noted during the audit as
listed:

The vertical crest curve on Cape Road approaching the intersection limits the visibility of
the advanced overhead signal head for this approach. This overhead signal serves the
purpose of mitigating the limited visibility of the far side signal heads created by the crest
curve. However, the visibility of the advanced signal head is still limited by a
combination of the crest curve and queued vehicles in front of the driver. This may
explain some of the five rear-end collisions on this approach, although it is not directly
noted in the accident reports.

Overhead wires block the view of the overhead signal heads for the Prospect Street
southbound approach.

The signal head for the Prospect Street approach on the post is obstructed by a pedestrian
head post.
Page 10
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting

The lack of back plates for signal heads was noted during the audit.

Several of the free-swinging signal heads were not directly aligned to the lane in which
they are intended for, thus reducing the visibility of the heads.
Enhancements:
1. A potential long-term enhancement to improve the visibility of all the signal heads would be to
add back plates with retro reflective borders to them. Back plates are effective in increasing
visibility of the signal lights by introducing a controlled-contrast background, which is made even
more profound by applying retro reflective tape around the borders of the back plates. The
structural capacity of the mast arms would need to be evaluated to determine if the back plates
could be added in the short-term without replacing the mast arm and post.
2. A potential long-term counter-measure to improve the visibility of the advanced overhead signal
heads on the Cape Road approach would be to raise the signal heads. Raising the heads would
require a new mast arm and post and would reduce the likelihood a driver’s view of the signal
head from being obstructed by a truck in front of him/her.
3. A potential long-term improvement to address the overhead wires blocking the view of overhead
signal head on the Prospect Street approach would be to relocate or raise the overhead wires or
relocate the mast arm so that wires are out of the line of sight for drivers approaching the
intersection.
4. A potential long-term enhancement to address the visibility issues with the signal heads for the
Prospect Street approach would be to add an advanced signal head or a second overhead signal
display. This would provide drivers with a third signal head for this approach and improve driver
alertness.
5. A potential short-term enhancement to address the visibility of signal heads not aligned with the
intended lane would be to re-align the signal heads along the mast arm to the appropriate location.
The signal heads could also be rigidly mounted to the mast arm as a potential long-term
enhancement.
Safety Issue #7: Worn Pavement Markings
Pavement Markings at the intersection are in poor condition and in need of re-striping. Most notably, the
crosswalk markings and stop lines on all approaches are almost completely worn. It was observed that
drivers stop past the faded stop lines, encroaching further into the intersection, which makes it more
difficult for trucks to make turning movements and can lead angle or sideswipe collisions. Accident data
shows that two accidents occurred, involved vehicles stopped on the Route 16 eastbound approach being
sideswiped by a vehicle turning left from Cape Road. The white lane edge lines are missing on the Route
Page 11
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
16 approaches and showing signs of significant fading on the Route 140 approaches. The double yellow
centerlines are in fair condition on all approaches but are not reflective.
Enhancements:
1. A potential short-term enhancement would be to re-paint the pavement markings that are
showing signs of fading. Providing reflective pavement markings would increase their
visibility and provide more guidance to all roadway users. Reflective stop lines could reduce
collisions associated with truck turning movements, as other drivers will be less likely to stop
beyond the stop line and encroach on the truck-turning path.
Page 12
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Summary of Road Safety Audit
Table 2 summarizes the safety issues, possible enhancements, estimated safety payoff, time frame,
estimated cost, and the responsible party. Safety payoff estimates are subjective and are based on
engineering judgment. Safety payoffs are classified as low, medium, and high. The time frame is
categorized as short-term (<1 year), mid-term (1 to 3 years), or long-term (>3 years). The costs are
categorized as low (<$10,000), medium ($10,001 to $50,000), or high (>$50,001).
Page 13
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Page 14
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Table 2. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Safety Issue
Geometry for Heavy
Truck Turning
Movements
Lack of Emergency
Vehicle Pre-emption
Sight Distance
Obstructions
Pedestrian & Bicycle
Accommodations
Potential Safety Enhancement
Design the intersections geometry to
better accommodate truck turns. Moving
traffic signal posts to locations where they
will be out of the path of heavy trucks will
also minimize accidents with fixed objects
at the intersection.
Update the signal equipment and add
Emergency Vehicle pre-emption.
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible
Agency
High
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Medium
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Remove hedges on Prospect Street.
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT, Town
of Milford &
abutting property
owner
Remove the “Army Recruiting Station”
sign located on the Milford Hospital corner
on the intersection. Relocate the guide
signs at this corner.
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
Relocate the guide signs on the Milford
Hospital corner of the intersection.
Low
Long-term
Low
MassDOT
Relocate signal posts.
Low
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Trim hedges on Prospect Street to stop
them from encroaching on sidewalk.
Medium
Short-term
Low
MassDOT, Town
of Milford &
abutting property
owner
Install ADA compliant wheelchair ramps
and designate crosswalks with
appropriate signage and pavement
markings.
Medium
Long-term
Medium
MassDOT
Page 15
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Table 2. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Safety Issue
Safety and Capacity
Deficiencies for Left
Turns
Potential Safety Enhancement
Paint edge lines on the Route 16 and
Route 140 approaches to delineate
shoulders from travel lanes.
Provide five-foot wide bicycle shoulders
on both sides of all approaches to the
intersection.
Ensure the signal clearance times are in
accordance with current MassDOT
standards and make the appropriate
adjustments.
Add left turn lanes to the approaches
where possible, focusing on the Cape
Road and Route 16 westbound
approaches.
Install roundabout at the intersection to
reduce the conflicting movements of
vehicles and improve traffic flow.
Add backplates and retroreflective tape to
the signal heads.
Raise signal heads of advanced overhead
signal heads on Cape Road approach.
Visibility of Signal Heads Raise overhead wires blocking view of
overhead signal heads on Prospect Street
approach or relocate the signal mast arm.
Add an advanced signal head to the
Prospect Street approach.
Re-align signal heads with their intended
lane.
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible
Agency
Low
Short-term
Medium
MassDOT &
Town of Milford
Medium
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
High
Long-term
High
MassDOT
High
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Long-term –
(replace mast
arms)
High –
(replace mast
arms)
Low
Long-term
Medium
MassDOT
Low
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Low
Long-term
Medium
MassDOT
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
Low
MassDOT
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Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Table 2. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary
Safety Issue
Potential Safety Enhancement
Mount free-swinging signal heads directly
onto the mast arm
Worn Pavement
Markings
Re-stripe all pavement markings at the
intersection including crosswalks, stop
lines, edge lines, and centerlines.
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible
Agency
Low
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Medium
Short-term
Low
MassDOT &
Town of Milford
Page 17
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda
Road Safety Audit
Milford, MA
Intersection of Route 16 at Route 140
Meeting Location: Milford Town Hall
52 Main Street, Town Engineer’s Office
March 18th, 2014
10:00 AM – 12:00 noon
Type of meeting:
High Crash Location – Road Safety Audit
Attendees:
Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team
Please bring:
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
10:00 AM
Welcome and Introductions
10:15 AM
Review of Site Specific Material
x Crash, Speed & Volume Summaries– provided in advance
x Existing Geometries and Conditions
11:00 AM
Visit the Site
x Drive to intersection of Route 16 and Route 140
x As a group, identify areas for improvement
11:30 AM
Post Visit Discussion / Completion of RSA
x Discuss observations and finalize findings
x Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations
12:00 noon
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:
x Before attending the RSA on March 18th, participants are encouraged to drive
through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List
with a focus on safety.
x All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.
x After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Participating Audit Team Members
Date: March 18, 2014
Audit Team Members
Agency/Affiliation
Location:
Route 140 at Route 16, Milford, MA
Email Address
Scott Crisafulli
Milford Highway Department
scrisafulli@milfordma.com
508-473-1274
Vonnie Reis
Milford Town Engineer
vreis@townofmilford.com
508-634-2317
Promise Otaluka
FHWY – MA Division
promise.otaluka@dot.gov
617-494-2528
Lola Campbell
MassDOT District 3
Alolade.campbell@state.ma.us
508-929-3887
Corey O’ Connor
MassDOT Traffic Safety
corey.oconnor@state.ma.us
857-368-9638
Lisa Schletzbaum
MassDOT Traffic Safety
lisa.schletzbaum@state.ma.us
857-368-9634
John Touhey
Milford Fire Department
firechief@milfordma.com
508-400-6338
William Touhey Jr.
Milford Fire Department
wtouhey@milfordma.com
508-400-6337
Tom O’ Loughlin
Milford Police Department
chief@milfordpolice.org
508-473-1113
John Morgan
CHA Consulting
jmorganjr@chacompanies.com
781-982-5437
Amanda Joy
CHA Consulting
ajoy@chacompanies.com
781-982-5412
Andrew Valcovic
CHA Consulting
avalcovic@chacompanies.com
781-792-2283
Phone Number
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data
Crash Data Summary Table
Route 140 @ Route 16, Milford, MA
2009-2013
Crash
Date
Crash Day
m/d/y
Time of Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2/27/09
5/2/09
5/31/09
7/6/09
7/20/09
6/8/09
8/1/09
9/10/09
8/21/09
8/24/09
6:18 PM
3:55 PM
6:51 PM
9:26 AM
10:08 AM
3:17 PM
7:22 PM
1:03 PM
7:10 PM
2:44 PM
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
Single Vehicle Crash
Rear-end
Head on
Dark - lighted roadway
Daylight
Unknown
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Unknown
Daylight
Unknown
Daylight
11
12
10/8/09 Thursday
10/16/09 Friday
6:29 PM
3:11 PM
Single Vehicle Crash
Rear-end
13
12/13/09 Sunday
4:56 PM
Rear-end
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
12/29/09
2/2/10
5/9/10
5/26/10
9/2/10
1/18/11
1/24/11
Tuesday
Tuesday
Sunday
Wednesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Monday
7:32 PM
11:58 AM
9:33 AM
9:01 PM
11:53 AM
10:50 AM
6:56 AM
21
22
3/17/11
5/13/11
Thursday
Friday
23
24
25
26
5/25/11
6/29/11
9/11/11
9/23/11
Wednesday
Wednesday
Sunday
Friday
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Crash
Diagram
Ref #
Manner of Collision
Type
Light Condition
Type
Weather
Condition
Type
Road Surface
Type
Driver Contributing Code
Type
Ages
D2
D1
Unknown
Dry
Unknown
Dry
Dry
Dry
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Dry
Unknown
Emotional
Failed to yield right of way
Followed too closely
Followed too closely
No Improper Driving
Other improper action
Made an improper turn
Inattention
Other improper action
36
17
17
53
55
28
45
60
34
33
50
81
65
16
37
54
93
26
82
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Dry
Over-correcting/over-steering
Distracted
59
48
35
Rain
Wet
Followed too closely
26
59
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
Angle
Dark - lighted roadway
Dark, unknown
roadway lighting
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Unknown
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Snow
Clear
Unknown
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Snow
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Followed too closely
Unknown
Inattention
Followed too closely
Followed too closely
Inattention
29
59
38
17
45
44
61
21
34
27
40
8:37 PM
3:40 PM
Rear-end
Angle
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Dry
Inattention
Failed to yield right of way
45
41
49
72
10:00 PM
7:47 PM
3:40 PM
9:28 AM
Sideswipe, same direction
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Angle
Rear-end
Dark - lighted roadway
Unknown
Daylight
Daylight
Dry
Unknown
Dry
Wet
Other improper action
Unknown
Made an improper turn
Followed too closely
65
56
24
45
20
10/27/11 Thursday
7:47 PM
Angle
Clear
Unknown
Clear
Cloudy
Sleet, Hail,
Dark - lighted roadway Freezing Rain
Wet
21
51
10/29/11
11/16/11
12/17/11
12/18/11
2/1/12
3/12/12
4/28/12
6/6/12
11:16 AM
1:36 PM
10:24 AM
1:37 PM
3:21 PM
9:00 AM
8:35 AM
3:20 PM
Rear-end
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Rear-end
Sideswipe, same direction
Angle
Head on
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Dry
Wet
Dry
Dry
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Failed to yield right of way
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Failed to yield right of way
Followed too closely
Failed to yield right of way
Followed too closely
Other improper action
Failed to yield right of way
Failed to yield right of way
54
49
41
74
45
59
42
81
72
90
65
82
26
62
36
16
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Monday
Monday
Monday
Saturday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Saturday
Wednesday
Saturday
Sunday
Wednesday
Monday
Saturday
Wednesday
Unknown
Clear
Unknown
Clear
Clear
Clear
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Clear
Cloudy
Cloudy
Cloudy
Clear
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
D3
20
35
54
20
36
91
D4
Crash Data Summary Table
Route 140 @ Route 16, Milford, MA
2009-2013
Crash
Diagram
Ref #
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Crash
Date
Crash Day
m/d/y
Friday
1/4/13
4/21/13 Sunday
Monday
4/1/13
Thursday
5/2/13
7/29/13 Monday
Monday
9/9/13
10/16/13 Wednesday
6/27/09 Saturday
Time of Day
10:09 AM
3:16 PM
12:38 PM
9:03 PM
2:30 PM
9:49 AM
7:28 AM
10:50 AM
Manner of Collision
Type
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Angle
Rear-end
Rear-end
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Rear-end
Light Condition
Type
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Unknown
Daylight
Weather
Condition
Type
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Clear
Road Surface
Type
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Dry
Angle
Angle
Rear-end
Daylight
Daylight
Unknown
Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
Dry
Driver Contributing Code
Type
Followed too closely
Failed to yield right of way
Failed to yield right of way
Failed to yield right of way
Inattention
Followed too closely
No Improper Driving
Followed too closely
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Failed to yield right of way
Followed too closely
p p p
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
Head on
Angle
Rear-end
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Unknown
Daylight
Cloudy
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Dry
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
running off road
Other improper action
Failed to yield right of way
Other improper action
Inattention
Sunday
Tuesday
Thursday
47
48
49
50
51
7/12/09
9/29/09
3/18/10
4/1/10
5/3/10
10/8/10
12/26/10
1/5/11
Thursday
Monday
Friday
Sunday
Wednesday
10:32 AM
7:33 AM
4:12 PM
11:52 AM
11:12 AM
11:00 AM
7:01 AM
3:08 PM
52
53
1/16/11
1/25/11
Sunday
Tuesday
2:53 AM
1:00 PM
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
Dark - lighted roadway Cloudy
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Wet
54
55
1/31/11
4/5/11
Monday
Tuesday
11:57 PM
5:50 PM
Angle
Rear-end
Dark - lighted roadway Clear
Unknown
Unknown
Dry
Unknown
56
57
58
3/24/12
5/5/12
6/21/12
Saturday
Saturday
Thursday
1:03 AM
1:52 PM
7:43 AM
Single Vehicle Crash
Rear-end
Rear-end
Dark, unknown
roadway lighting
Daylight
Daylight
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
59
60
10/25/12 Thursday
10/26/12 Friday
6:13 PM
11:34 AM
Angle
Rear-end
Unknown
Daylight
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
61
62
63
11/13/12 Tuesday
12/16/12 Sunday
5/10/13 Friday
11:29 AM
10:40 AM
12:07 PM
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
64
65
66
67
68
11/5/13
7/26/09
9/13/09
2/22/11
5/18/11
7:15 PM
11:30 AM
10:55 AM
2:21 PM
12:11 PM
Rear-end
Unknown
Rear-end
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Dark, unknown
roadway lighting
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Other improper action
Followed too closely
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Inattention
Operating Vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent, or aggressive
manner
Followed too closely
Followed too closely
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Inattention
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Distracted
No Improper Driving
Unknown
Clear
Clear
Clear
Cloudy
Unknown
Wet
Dry
Dry
Wet
Physical Impairment
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
44
45
46
Tuesday
Sunday
Sunday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Ages
D2
D1
24
30
18
20
30
75
17
65
26
50
53
37
63
24
18
24
59
39
45
71
46
51
23
31
52
32
59
37
55
19
26
22
39
35
28
58
63
19
39
33
67
18
64
67
45
25
28
24
D3
35
51
41
52
36
52
26
41
D4
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
Route 140 @ Route 16, Milford, MA
CRASH MONTH
20%
16%
15%
10%
10%
10%
6%
6%
F
M
7%
7%
12%
9%
7%
4%
5%
4%
0%
J
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
CRASH DAY OF WEEK
20%
18%
16%
15%
13%
13%
13%
13%
13%
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
10%
5%
0%
Monday
Sunday
CRASH TIME OF DAY
30%
25%
18%
20%
10%
0%
7% 9%
6AM- 8AM
8AM10AM
15%
12%
4%
10AM12PM
4% 3%
1% 1% 0%
12PM- 2PM- 4PM4PM- 6PM6PM- 8PM
2PM
8PM10PM
10PM12AM
12AM- 2AM- 4AM4AM- 6AM
2AM
CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
50%
28%
9%
4%
Single
Vehicle
Crash
Rear-end
Crash Data Spreadsheet-Rte 140@ Rte 16
Angle
3%
Sideswipe, Sideswipe,
same
opposite
direction
direction
1 of 2
4%
Head on
0%
1%
Rear to Rear Unknown
3/6/2014
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
Route 140 @ Route 16, Milford, MA
CRASH LIGHT CONDITION
80%
71%
60%
40%
20%
Daylight
0%
0%
Dawn
Dusk
0%
Dark Lighted
Roadway
13%
4%
Dark Roadway
not lighted
0%
Dark unknown
roadway
lighting
Other
Unknown
CRASH WEATHER CONDITION
47%
34%
1%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Sleet, Hail,
Freezing
Rain
Fog, Smog,
Smoke
Severe
Crosswinds
Blowing
sand, snow
Other
Rain
Cloudy
1%
Snow
15%
Clear
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
CRASH ROAD SURFACE
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Unknown
0%
12%
47%
40%
12%
Dry
Wet
1%
0%
Snow
Ice
0%
0%
Sand, mud, Water
dirt, oil, (standing,
gravel
moving)
0%
0%
Slush
Other
Unknown
CRASH DRIVER AGES
30%
20%
20%
10%
0%
19%
15%
19%
10%
9%
15-20
21-29
Crash Data Spreadsheet-Rte 140@ Rte 16
30-39
40-49
50-59
2 of 2
60-69
4%
5%
70-79
80+
3/6/2014
INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET
CITY/TOWN : MILFORD
DISTRICT :
3
COUNT DATE :
UNSIGNALIZED :
1/30/2014
SIGNALIZED :
X
~ INTERSECTION DATA ~
MAJOR STREET :
ROUTE 16 - MAIN STREET
MINOR STREET(S) :
ROUTE 140 - PROSPECT STREET/ CAPE ROAD
2
INTERSECTION
Rte. 140
Prospect St.
North
DIAGRAM
1
(Label Approaches)
3
Rte. 16
Main St.
4
Rte. 16
Main St.
Rte. 140
Cape Rd.
PEAK HOUR VOLUMES
APPROACH :
1
2
3
4
DIRECTION :
RTE. 16
EB
RTE. 140
SB
RTE. 16
WB
RTE. 140
NB
Total Peak
Hourly
Approach
Volume
PEAK HOURLY
VOLUMES (AM/PM) :
385
580
625
510
2,100
" K " FACTOR :
0.100
TOTAL # OF CRASHES :
68
CRASH RATE CALCULATION :
5
INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY
APPROACH VOLUME :
# OF
YEARS :
1.77
5
RATE =
AVERAGE # OF
CRASHES PER YEAR (
A):
21,000
13.60
( A * 1,000,000 )
( V * 365 )
Crash total from Milford Police Dept. Accident Reports from 2009 - 2013 and MassDOT
Comments : accident spreadsheets 2009 - 2011
Project Title & Date:
MILFORD ROUTE 16 - WATER STREET TO THE HOPEDALE T.L. (MAR 2014)
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Appendix D. Peak Hour Traffic Volumes
Weekday PM Peak Hour
4:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Weekday AM Peak Hour
7:30 a.m. – 8:30 a.m.
90
225
70
55
545
25
Main St.
Rte. 16
Cape Rd.
(Rte. 140)
Cape Rd.
(Rte. 140)
95
340
40
100
450
70
Main St.
Rte. 16
Main St.
Rte. 16
135
360
15
65
250
15
Main St.
Rte. 16
135
400
45
85
360
35
Prospect St.
(Rte. 140)
Prospect St.
(Rte. 140)
N
Legend:
XX # of Cars
*Traffic Turning Movement Counts performed on 1/14/2014
MASS.
Intersection Rte. 16 & Rte. 140
Milford, MA
2014 A.M.- P.M. Peak Hour
Adjusted Turning Movement Counts
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Appendix E. Road Safety Audit References
Road Safety Audit
Route 16 at Route 140, Milford
Prepared by CHA Consulting
Road Safety Audit References
Massachusetts Traffic Safety Toolbox, Massachusetts Highway Department,
www.mhd.state.ma.us/safetytoolbox.
Road Safety Audits, A Synthesis of Highway Practice. NCHRP Synthesis 336. Transportation Research
Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 2004.
Road Safety Audits. Institute of Transportation Engineers and U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal
Highway Administration, www.roadwaysafetyaudits.org.
FHWA Road Safety Audit Guidelines. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration, 2006.
Road Safety Audit, 2nd edition. Austroads, 2000.
Road Safety Audits. ITE Technical Council Committee 4S-7. Institute of Transportation Engineers,
February 1995.