ROAD SAFETY AUDIT Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85 Town of Hopkinton March 2014 Prepared for: Massachusetts Department of Transportation Prepared by: Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates 38 Chauncy Street Boston, MA 02111 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Table of Contents Background ................................................................................................................................. 2 Project Location Description ..................................................................................................... 5 Road Safety Audit Observations ............................................................................................... 9 Location 1: Route 135/School Street ....................................................................................... 10 Location 2: Route 135/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street (Five Corners) ............................... 15 Potential Safety Enhancements ............................................................................................... 22 List of Appendices Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C. Appendix D. RSA Meeting Agenda RSA Audit Team Contact List Detailed Crash Data Additional Information List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Locus Map .............................................................................................................................. 3 West Main Street at Wood Street (Route 135) ....................................................................... 6 Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) ......................................... 7 List of Tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Participating Audit Team Members ....................................................................................... 4 Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location 1 .................................................... 23 Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location 2 .................................................... 26 Page 1 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Background The Road Safety Audit (RSA) focused on two locations along Route 135 in Hopkinton, Massachusetts: the intersection of West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) and the intersection of Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85). Both locations are ranked within the Top 5% of High Crash Locations within the Boston Region Municipal Planning Organization (Boston Region MPO) area. The RSA study area is illustrated in Figure 1. The intersection of Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) received several improvements in 2012, including new signal equipment, an increased curb radius on the southwest corner of the intersection to facilitate truck movements, the addition of a dedicated left-turn lane along Grove Street northbound, and phasing adjustments to incorporate split phasing on the Grove Street northbound and Cedar Street southbound approaches. The Route 135 corridor is currently at the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) 25% design phase (MassDOT Project #606043), with an approximate construction start date of Winter 2018/2019. MassDOT has determined that the Town of Hopkinton would be eligible to receive Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) funding for reconstruction of these intersections if a RSA were conducted and the proposed design incorporated the safety improvements identified in the RSA. In general, the RSA is intended to identify potential safety improvements that can be evaluated and included as part of the design process for the future reconstruction of the intersections. The short-term, low-cost potential improvements could be considered by the responsible agency for implementation prior to reconstruction, as appropriate. Page 2 Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Locus Map CEDAR RSA Study Area (R (ROUT OU TE T STREE 135 ) Figure 1. ROUT T ELM S TRE ET AN TS TR EE E 85) AS E 5) EET ( OUTE 13 PL TREET (R E STR WOOD S I GROV ELMWOOD SCHOOL ST EE N T ES AI R ST T M W Not to scale. E T E 85) IN MA 5) 13 RO T( E RE E UT MA T NS HOPKINTON MIDDLE SCHOOL RE Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Project Data The audit team conducted an RSA at the intersections of West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) and East Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) in Hopkinton on Friday, March 7, 2014. The RSA agenda appears in Appendix A. Table 1 lists the audit team members and their affiliations. Appendix B provides contact information for all team members. Prior to the RSA, in order to begin assessing possible safety issues, the team reviewed collision diagrams and a crash detail summary based on crash records supplied by the Hopkinton Police Department for the corridor. Appendix C provides the detailed crash data for the study area. Speed regulations are shown in Appendix D. Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members Audit Team Member John K. Westerling David Daltorio Elaine Lazarus Tom Griffin Ken Clark Seth Asante Mike Wasielewski Joe Frawley Lola Campbell Robert Kimungu Corey O’Connor Lisa Schletzbaum Mike Tremblay Joe SanClemente Agency/Affiliation Hopkinton DPW Hopkinton Town Engineer Hopkinton Planning Department Hopkinton Police Hopkinton Fire Boston Region MPO BETA Group, Inc. MassDOT District 3 MassDOT District 3 MassDOT Highway Division MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates According to the data provided by the Hopkinton Police Department, 35 crashes were reported at the intersection of West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) from 2008-2012. Twenty-three of the crashes (or 66%) were rear-end crashes, nine (25%) were angle crashes, two (6%) were sideswipe crashes, and one (3%) was a single-vehicle crash. Most crashes occurred in the daylight (29, or 83%) and on dry pavement (21, or 60%). Six of the 35 crashes resulted in injury or possible injury. No fatal crashes were reported. During the same time period, 51 crashes were at the intersection of Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85). Of the 51 crashes, 27 (or 53%) were angle crashes, 12 (23%) were rearend crashes, 8 (16%) were sideswipe crashes, 2 (4%) were single-vehicle crashes, and 2 (4%) were headon crashes. Most occurred on dry pavement crashes (36, or 71%) and in the daylight (45, or 88%). Most Page 4 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. crashes (52%) occurred during the midday period between peak hours (10:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m.). Five injuries or possibly injuries were reported, with no fatalities, at the intersection. Project Location Description The RSA focused on the intersections of West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) and Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85), shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, respectively. West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) is a signalized intersection with three approaches. West Main Street eastbound consists of one travel lane and approaches the intersection on a moderate upgrade. To facilitate truck maneuvers, making right turns from Wood Street southbound onto West Main westbound, the West Main Street eastbound stop line is set approximately 100 feet upstream of the intersection. The Main Street (Route 135) westbound approach consists of a through lane and a right-turn lane. The Wood Street (Route 135) southbound approach consists of a single travel lane. Pedestrian sidewalks are provided along the south side of West Main Street, along both sides of Main Street, and along the east side of Wood Street. A crosswalk with pedestrian indications and ramps is provided across Main Street. At this intersection Wood Street and Main Street are designated as Massachusetts Route 135. For clarity, this report will refer to the street names (West Main Street, Main Street, and Wood Street), rather than the route number, when discussing this intersection. Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) is a signalized intersection with four approaches. The Route 135 (West Main Street) eastbound and westbound approaches each consist of a dedicated left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane. The Grove Street northbound approach consists of a dedicated left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane. Grove Street approaches the intersection on a slight downgrade. The Cedar Street southbound approach intersects Main Street approximately 30 west of Grove Street resulting in a slightly offset intersection alignment. The Cedar Street southbound approach consists of a shared left-turn/through lane and an exclusive right-turn lane. Sidewalks are provided along both sides of each roadway at the intersection. Crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and pedestrian indications are provided across all legs of the intersection. Grove Street and Cedar Street are designated as Massachusetts Route 85 at the intersection. For clarity, this report will refer to the street names (Grove Street and Cedar Street), rather than Route 85, when discussing this intersection. Page 5 Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Figure 2. West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) NEXT GENERATION CHILDREN’S CENTER ) 35 U RO N AI M WOOD ROAD (ROUTE 135) EE N AI TM ES W Not to scale. R ST T ST RE ( ET 1 TE Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Figure 3. Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) CEDA OU EET (R R STR TE 85) GULF R N ST MAI MAIN 35) ST 35) UTE 1 (RO REET E1 OUT (R EET HOPKINTON DRUG HOPKINTON GAS EET (R E STR GROV OUTE 85) Not to scale. COELLA’S SUPERMARKET Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. These intersections are the junction of the following roadways, which are categorized according to MassDOT Office of Transportation Planning functional classifications: West Main Street is classified as an urban minor arterial and falls under the Town of Hopkinton’s jurisdiction. West Main Street runs in a northeast-southwest direction between the Upton Town Line to the southwest, where it becomes Hopkinton Road, and Wood Street to the northeast, where it becomes Main Street (Route 135). West Main Street consists of one travel lane in each direction. The speed limit on West Main Street is posted at 35 miles per hour (mph) approaching the intersection and 45 mph departing the intersection. Main Street (Route 135) is classified as an urban principal arterial and falls under the Town of Hopkinton’s jurisdiction. Main Street runs in an east-west direction between Wood Street (Route 135) to the west, where it becomes West Main Street, and Hayden Rowe Street to the east, where it becomes East Main Street (Route 135). Main Street generally consists of one travel lane in each direction. The speed limit on Main Street is typically 30 mph. Wood Street (Route 135) is classified as an urban principal arterial and falls under the Town of Hopkinton’s jurisdiction. Wood Street runs northwest-southeast between the Westborough Town Line to the northwest, where it becomes Hopkinton Road, and West Main Street to the southeast. Wood Street consists of one travel lane in each direction. The speed limit on Wood Street is posted at 35 mph. Grove Street is classified as an urban minor arterial and falls under the jurisdiction of the Town of Hopkinton. Grove Street runs north-south between Hayden Rowe Street (Route 85) to the south and Main Street (Route 135) to the north. Grove Street typically consists of one travel lane in each direction. The speed limit on Grove Street is 25 mph approaching Main Street (Route 135). Cedar Street is classified as an urban minor arterial and falls under the jurisdiction of the Town of Hopkinton. Cedar Street runs in a north-south direction between the Southborough Town Line to the north and Main Street (Route 135) to the south. Cedar Street typically consists of one travel lane in each direction. The speed limit on Cedar Street is 25 mph approaching Main Street (Route 135). Page 8 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Road Safety Audit Observations Based on field observations on Friday, March 7, 2014, the RSA team determined that the study area intersections have the following issues that affect safety: • • • • • • • Intersection geometry; Traffic signal indications; Signage and pavement markings; Access management; Sight lines; Bicycle accommodations; and Education and enforcement. The following sections describe in more detail the safety issues and potential enhancements determined during the RSA. Several of these issues require further study and engineering judgment to determine the feasibility of implementing the improvements to address them. Page 9 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Location A: West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street Safety Issue #1: Intersection Geometry Observations: The West Main Street eastbound stop line is set back from the intersection approximately 100 feet to facilitate truck turns from Wood Street southbound onto West Main Street westbound. This location of the stop line may not seem natural to motorists, since the West Main Street eastbound signal indication is located at the intersection. During the RSA, vehicles regularly stopped well beyond the stop line, often halfway between the stop line and the signal indication even though a “Stop Here on Red Sign” is posted at the stop line. Public safety officials stated that, if a West Main Street Vehicles often stop well beyond the offset stop bar on the West Main Street eastbound eastbound vehicle is stopped ahead of the stop approach. line, trucks are not able to turn from Wood Street southbound, which causes trucks to have to wait until the next cycle or causes the West Main Street eastbound vehicle to continue through the intersection while the light is red. The location of the stop line may also contribute to rear-end crashes when a following vehicle does not expect the leading vehicle to stop mid-way between the stop line and the intersection. Thirteen rear-end crashes occurred along the West Main Street eastbound approach, including four crashes that involved three vehicles. Eight of the thirteen rear-end crashes on the approach occurred during the winter months, when the stop line may have been less visible due to wear on the roadway. RSA team members stated that the West Main Street eastbound stop line is located as close to the intersection as possible to allow for truck turns between Wood Street and West Main Street. Town officials at the RSA stated that the parcel on the northwest corner of the intersection is of historical significance which limits the ability to obtain additional land to widen the turn or reconfigure the intersection. RSA team members noted that the clearance interval for West Main Street eastbound vehicles did not appear adequate considering the location of the West Main Street eastbound stop bar. An inadequate clearance interval would allow the Wood Street southbound approach to receive a green light while West Main Street eastbound vehicles are still traveling through the intersection. RSA team members stated that a primary cause of rear-end crashes on West Main Street and on Main Street is congestion along the corridor. Team members suggested that the corridor is used as an alternate route to avoid Interstate 495 traffic. Congestion can lead to motorist inattention and distraction. Of the 35 total crashes at the intersection, 18 crashes were caused by motorist Page 10 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. inattention or distraction, including 16 of the 23 rear-end crashes. The West Main Street eastbound approach consists of a single travel lane which is utilized by both left-turning vehicles and through vehicles. Team members reported that left-turning vehicles enter the intersection to wait for a gap in Main Street westbound traffic. Meanwhile, West Main Street through vehicles must wait for the left-turning vehicle to proceed before continuing through the intersection. This can also result in vehicles becoming “stuck” beyond the stop line after the light turns red. During the audit, team members noted that the current design was considering adding an additional West Main Street eastbound lane (via a shared left-turn/through lane) that would taper to one lane in the vicinity of the Meserve Street. However, members commented that this could introduce courtesy crashes involving West Main Street eastbound traffic and additional delays and motorist competition where Main Street eastbound narrows back to one travel lane as motorists “jockey” for position. Meanwhile, approximately 160 feet east of the intersection, seven crashes involved vehicles exiting Meserve Street. Team members stated that the Main Street westbound right-turn lane queues would extend past Meserve Street, which resulted in “courtesy crashes”. A courtesy crash occurs when a vehicle queued in a roadway yields to a vehicle exiting a driveway, which is then struck by an unsuspecting vehicle in an adjacent travel lane. In order to reduce the instances of “courtesy crashes”, the Town of Hopkinton installed a raised asphalt bulb-out to narrow Main Street westbound just east of Meserve Street. The bulb-out, combined with a painted box within the intersection of Main Street/Meserve Street, discourages queues from blocking the intersection. Local officials indicated that these changes have been beneficial at reducing the occurrence of angle crashes at this location. RSA team members stated that the bulb-out is not immediately visible, and is often struck by snow plows in the winter. Page 11 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Potential Enhancements: 1. In the short-term, consider restriping the West Main Street eastbound stop line using a more durable and visible material, such as retroreflective thermoplastic or recessed markings so that the stop line is more visible at night and during the winter months and more durable. 2. Replace the existing “Stop Here on Red” sign with an oversized sign for added visibility. 3. Consider the feasibility of increasing the radius (even if only by a small amount) between Wood Street and West Main Street to facilitate truck turns, which will allow the stop line to be placed closer to the intersection and to help reduce motorists confusion along West Main Street eastbound. Consider the potential added benefit this improvement may yield at reducing cut-through truck traffic through Elm Street. 4. Consider removing the small raised island at the Wood Street southbound approach to give trucks additional room to make turns and allow the West Main Street eastbound stop line to be moved closer to the intersection. 5. Re-evaluate the placement of the West Main Street eastbound signal indications with respect to the stop line. Consider motorist cone of vision, appropriateness of positioning the indications closer to the stop line to provide more of an incentive for motorists to stop at the line, and the appropriateness of placing a post-mounted signal indication at the stop bar to reinforce the location of the stop bar to motorists. 6. Verify that clearance intervals for all approaches to the intersection are accurate, especially the West Main Street eastbound approach, where the stop line is offset 100 feet from the intersection. 7. Consider the appropriateness of adding a dedicated left-turn lane to the West Main Street eastbound approach to reduce blockage of through traffic by left-turning vehicles, reducing congestion and driver frustration. Additional through lanes along this approach may impact safety at Meserve Street, and this impact should be evaluated. 8. Restripe the box pavement markings with more durable thermoplastic markings. Consider supplementing the markings with “Do Not Block Intersection” signage. 9. Place flexible delineators along the edge of the asphalt bulb-out along the Main Street westbound approach to increase visibility. Consider object marker objects given in Section 2C.63 of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Page 12 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Safety Issue #2: Traffic Signal Indications Observations: The Main Street westbound post-mounted signal indication did not have a functioning green light. Additionally, team members observed that the right arrow on the same post-mounted signal was difficult to see. Unclear signal indications can cause motorist confusion and rear-end crashes. Five rear-end crashes were reported along the Main Street westbound approach. Team members stated that solar glare can be an issue along the Main Street eastbound approach during the morning peak period, which may have contributed to three of the five rear-end crashes along Main Street eastbound. The traffic signal is not equipped with back plates at this intersection. The post-mounted signal at the Main Street eastbound approach does not have a functioning green indication. The “DON’T WALK” indication on both pedestrian signals was not visible during the audit. The pedestrian signal otherwise functioned satisfactorily. Additionally, most of the signal indications use incandescent bulbs, which are not as bright and noticeable as modern LED lights. Potential Enhancements: 1. Replace the Main Street westbound signal indications that have dimmed or are no longer functional with LED indications to increase visibility for motorists and reduce the occurrence of rear-end crashes. 2. Install backplates with retroreflective edges on all signal heads to reduce solar glare and increase visibility during low light conditions, respectively. 3. Consider placing vehicle detection within the intersection so that additional time may be provided to the West Main Street eastbound approach if a vehicle is traveling through the intersection as the signal is about to turn yellow. 4. Repair “DON’T WALK” pedestrian indications which were inoperative at the time of the audit. 5. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, upgrade pedestrian indications to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Page 13 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Safety Issue #3: Signage and Pavement Markings Observations: Trees block the visibility of signage at the intersection, including along the West Main Street eastbound approach and the Wood Street southbound approach. RSA team members noted that the pavement markings at the intersection are generally worn. Town officials stated that pavement markings are typically repainted in the spring. The two crosswalks across Main Street, including the signalized crosswalk at the intersection and the unsignalized crosswalk at Commonwealth Avenue, are worn, which may cause motorists to fail to see the crosswalks, especially at night or in the winter months, when the road is salted. Team members noted that the During the audit, team members noted that “Yield To Pedestrian In Crosswalk” signage for a removed crosswalk at Claflin Place remained, while no pedestrian warning signage is provided at the crosswalk at Commonwealth Avenue. Crosswalk markings are faded and barely visible. On the day of the audit, the roads had sand and salt residue, which is somewhat typical considering the number of snowstorms during the winter. The sand covered much of the edge lines, and the white salt residue made many of the pavement markings blend in with the rest of the pavement. The “Do Not Block the Box” pavement markings were not visible during the audit. Potential Enhancements: 1. Trim back trees, as appropriate, so that roadway signage is visible to motorists. 2. Consider restriping all pavement markings using a more durable and visible material such as retroreflective thermoplastic or pavement tape so that they last longer and are more visible at night and during the winter months. Consider the durability and functionality of decorative crosswalks that use paint, stamped concrete, etc. 3. Provide pedestrian warning signage at the unsignalized crosswalk at Commonwealth Avenue. Page 14 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Location B: Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) Safety Issue #1: Access Management Observations: One of the two driveways for Colella’s Supermarket is on Main Street, just 80 feet west of the intersection. The Main Street eastbound approach is two lanes wide in this location, and the vehicle queues often extend past the driveway. As a result, motorists taking left turns into or out of the Colella’s driveway are susceptible to “courtesy crashes”. A courtesy crash occurs when a vehicle queued in the roadway yields to a vehicle exiting the driveway, which is then struck by an unsuspecting vehicle in the Vehicles turning left to access or egress adjacent travel lane. Thirteen such crashes Colella’s must cross through two lanes of occurred at the Colella’s driveway on Main queuing Main Street eastbound vehicles. Street eastbound. Signs are posted at the driveway warning exiting vehicles to use caution when making a left turn out of the driveway. However, a drive-up ATM for Middlesex Savings Bank is located on the east side of Colella’s, naturally guiding vehicles to enter at the driveway on Grove Street and exit using the driveway on Main Street. A second driveway is located on Grove Street, approximately 240 feet south of the intersection, where exiting motorists can use the traffic signal to make a safe left turn onto Main Street westbound. Potential Enhancements: 1. In the short term, consider restricting left turns into and out of the Colella’s driveway on Main Street using signage and pavement markings to reduce the occurrence of courtesy crashes. 2. In the long term, consider restricting left turns into and out of the Colella’s Main Street driveway by constructing a median on Main Street using a channelization island that would force right-in/right-out operation. 3. As part of long-term planning efforts, the Town of Hopkinton should work with Middlesex Savings Bank to identify an alternate location for the drive-up ATM within the Colella’s Supermarket lot to encourage motorists to exit the Colella’s lot from the Grove Street exit. Page 15 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Safety Issue #2: Intersection Geometry Observations: Grove Street intersects Main Street from the south approximately 30 feet east of where Cedar Street intersects Main Street from the north, creating a slight offset between the two roadways. In 2012, the Grove Street northbound approach was restriped from a single travel lane to provide a dedicated left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane. While this change has been beneficial to intersection operations, RSA team members noted and observed that Grove Street northbound motorists traveling through the The Grove Street northbound approach intersection often do so from the left-turn lane. is offset from Cedar Street. Team members noted that, because the Grove Street northbound left-turn lane lines up with the Cedar Street northbound departure lane, motorists wishing to continue straight through the intersection naturally shift to the left-turn lane. This creates a conflict when a vehicle in the shared through/right-turn lane and a vehicle in the exclusive left-turn lane each try to continue through into a single departure lane. Two sideswipe crashes were reported between Grove Street northbound vehicles. The Grove Street northbound approach and the Cedar Street southbound approach were converted to split phasing in 2012, simultaneous with the addition of the left-turn lane on Grove Street northbound. Team members stated that this change has been beneficial in reducing angle crashes at the intersection. Five angle crashes occurred at the intersection between Grove Street northbound left-turning vehicles and Cedar Street southbound through vehicles; however, team members stated that these crashes occurred before the implementation of split phasing. Potential Enhancements: 1. Consider placing a painted median island in the Grove Street northbound approach upstream of the left-turn lane to guide vehicles into the through/right-turn lane and force motorists to make a conscious decision to enter the left-turn lane. 2. Provide graphic lane use signage along the Grove Street northbound approach and on the mast arm to raise awareness of the lane use at the intersection. 3. Consider the appropriateness of providing lane extension pavement markings within the intersection for the Grove Street northbound left-turn lane to reinforce to motorists that the lane is for left turns only. 4. In the long term, consider ways to modify the geometry of the intersection to eliminate the offset between Grove Street and Cedar Street. Page 16 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Safety Issue #3: Traffic Signal Indications Observations: RSA team members cited solar glare as a cause for some crashes on Main Street eastbound and westbound at the intersection. The signal indications are equipped with backplates, but there are no postmounted signal indications provided at the intersection. All signal indications at the intersection are located on mast arms. RSA team members also suggested that trucks may block the view of overhead signal indications for smaller vehicles behind the truck. Potential Enhancements: All signal indications at the intersection are mounted on mast arms. 1. Consider placing post-mounted signal indications at the Main Street eastbound and westbound approaches to the intersection to give motorists a second location to look if glare or truck traffic is impacting the view of signal indications on mast arms. Page 17 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Safety Issue #4: Sight Lines Observations: There are several vertical obstructions, including a signal post, a utility pole, and a small tree located on the northeast corner of the intersection, which block sight lines to the east of the intersection. These obstructions make it difficult for Cedar Street southbound vehicles to safely make a right turn on red. Consequently, the Town of Hopkinton restricted right turns on red for the Cedar Street southbound right-turn lane when signal improvements were made in 2012; however, this restriction was later removed to improve intersection operations. Permitting right A signal post, utility pole, and a small tree obstruct sight lines to the east of the turns on red without clear sight lines to the east of intersection. the intersection may have contributed to the occurrence of rear-end crashes on Main Street westbound. Right turns on red may also conflict with pedestrian movements during the exclusive pedestrian phase. The Hopkinton Elementary, Middle, and High Schools are located just ¾ mile south of the intersection, which likely contributes to pedestrian activity at this intersection. Potential Enhancements: 1. In the short-term, to reduce the risk of angle crashes, consider the safety benefits of reinstating the No Turn on Red restriction for the Cedar Street southbound approach due to the limited sight lines to the east. Consider potential pedestrian conflicts of continuing to allow right turns on red. 2. Consider providing a separate signal indication for the Cedar Street southbound right-turn lane in the mid-term so that a restriction on right turns on red can be reinforced with a red arrow. A separate signal indication could be used to allow an overlap right-turn phase concurrent with the Main Street eastbound left-turn phase, which would ease right-turn queues caused by restricting right turns on red. 3. If right turns on red continue to be permitted at Cedar Street southbound, remove the small tree from the northeast corner of the intersection to improve sight lines. 4. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider relocating the signal post and moving utilities underground to remove sight line obstructions from the northeast corner of the intersection and making legal right turns on red safer. Page 18 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Safety Issue #5: Signage Observations: Various signage that is not related to traffic operations is located near the intersection, contributing to sign clutter and motorist confusion. This signage includes information signage posted by the Hopkinton Water Department regarding a voluntary water ban and signage posted by businesses. Small signs stating “State Law: Yield to Pedestrians in Crosswalk -- $100 Fine” are posted at the corners of the intersections under guide signage. This signage is inappropriate at signalized intersections, as the state law applies only to unsignalized crossings. Signage posted by Colella’s restricts trucks from turning around within its parking lot, and is posted at each of the entrances to Colella’s. This signage may no longer from the roadway. Signage posted by the Hopkinton Water Department may distract motorists from the roadway near the intersection. be relevant and distracts motorist attention Potential Enhancements: 1. Remove unnecessary signage from within the Town of Hopkinton’s right-of-way so that motorists see only important signage. Work with businesses to move signage away from the intersection. Page 19 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Safety Issue #6: Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations Observations: Sidewalks, crosswalks, and pedestrian signals are provided at the intersection. The sidewalk on the northeast corner of the intersection is in very poor condition, and other sidewalks are in fair to poor condition. ADA-compliant pedestrian ramps are not provided. Team members noted that the pedestrian push buttons sometimes get stuck in the winter months, repeatedly triggering the all-pedestrian phase even when no pedestrians are present at the intersection. A team member also commented that pedestrians ADA-compliant pedestrian ramps are not provided at the intersection. show desire to cross the intersection diagonally by crossing one leg of the intersection during the walk phase and continuing to cross a second leg of the intersection during the same pedestrian phase. Pedestrians typically do not complete crossing the second leg of the intersection before the pedestrian phase is completed. According to RSA team members, bicycle traffic is somewhat common, and bicyclists are a mix between commuters and recreational bicyclists. Three crashes that involved bicycles occurred at the intersection from 2008-2012. One sideswipe bicycle crash occurred along Main Street westbound; a second was an angle crash between a left-turning Main Street eastbound vehicle and a Main Street westbound through cyclist; and a third was an angle crash along Cedar Street northbound, north of the intersection. There are no dedicated bicycle accommodations at the intersection. Potential Enhancements: 1. Consider the feasibility of replacing the existing pedestrian push buttons with another, ADAcompliant push button that will not be susceptible to freezing and constantly calling the pedestrian phase. 2. Consider concurrent pedestrian phasing at the intersection for improved pedestrian operations and safety. 3. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, construct new sidewalks, including ADAcompliant pedestrian ramps at all crosswalks, at the intersection. 4. In the short term, consider providing shared lane markings and signage at the intersection to increase awareness of bicyclists in the vicinity of the intersection. 5. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider providing wide shoulders of at least four feet or bicycle lanes of at least five feet to give cyclists a dedicated space in which to ride. Page 20 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Safety Issue #7: Education and Enforcement Observations: RSA team members stated that, in order to avoid the previously congested Grove Street northbound, motorists used Pleasant Street to access Main Street west of the intersection. This has resulted in congestion on Pleasant Street due to a high left-turn volume at the unsignalized intersection of Main Street/Pleasant Street, and has resulted in crashes that can be severe. RSA team members stated that it is now faster and safer to use Grove Street after improvements made in 2012 than to use Pleasant Street to access Main Street. Team members stated that many motorists use Pleasant Street out of habit, and may not be aware that Grove Street is faster. Public safety officials also noted that, during off-peak periods, Pleasant Street experiences highspeed traffic on what is a residential roadway. Potential Enhancements: 1. Consider implementing an education program in the form of newspaper articles or temporary signage to inform motorists that Grove Street northbound is the faster and safer route to Main Street eastbound. 2. Consider increasing speed enforcement on Pleasant Street, when possible, to decrease unsafe driver behavior and reduce the volume of traffic using Pleasant Street. Page 21 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Potential Safety Enhancements Based on its observations and discussions, the RSA team identified the issues and possible enhancements that could improve safety at West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) and Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) in Hopkinton, MA. Short-term enhancements include, but are not limited to: • Improved signage and pavement markings; • Restrict left-turns at Colella’s Supermarket; • Remove sign clutter; • Provide retroreflective backplates; • Provide adequate clearance intervals; and • Repair dysfunctional signal indications. To enhance the safety of the corridor, the long-term enhancements are to: • Provide a left-turn lane on the West Main Street eastbound approach to Wood Street; • Provide a post-mounted signal at the West Main Street eastbound stop line; • Restrict left turns into and out of Colella’s using a median or channelization island; • Provide post-mounted signals to reduce glare at the intersection of Main Street at Grove Street/Cedar Street; • Provide ADA-compliant pedestrian accommodations; and • Provide bicycle accommodations. Table 2 summarizes these safety issues, possible enhancements, estimated safety payoff, time frame, cost, and responsibility. Safety payoff estimates are based on engineering judgment and are categorized as low, medium, and high. The time frame is categorized as short-term (<1 year), mid-term (1 to 3 years), or long-term (typically >3 years). The costs are categorized as low (<$10,000), medium ($10,000 to $50,000), or high (>$50,000). It is the responsibility of MassDOT to ensure that the designer incorporates the relevant safety enhancements identified as part of this RSA. The RSA is intended to identify potential safety improvements that can be evaluated and included as part of the design process for future reconstruction efforts. The short-term lowcost potential improvements could be considered by the responsible agency for implementation prior to reconstruction. Page 22 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location A Safety Issue Intersection Geometry Safety Enhancement In the short-term, consider restriping the West Main Street eastbound stop line using a more durable and visible material, such as retroreflective thermoplastic or recessed markings so that the stop line is more visible at night and during the winter months and more durable. Replace the existing “Stop Here on Red” sign with an oversized sign for added visibility. Consider the feasibility of increasing the radius (even if only by a small amount) between Wood Street and West Main Street to facilitate truck turns, which will allow the stop line to be placed closer to the intersection and to help reduce motorists confusion along West Main Street eastbound. Consider the potential added benefit this improvement may yield at reducing cutthrough truck traffic through Elm Street. Consider removing the small raised island at the Wood Street southbound approach to give trucks additional room to make turns and allow the West Main Street eastbound stop line to be moved closer to the intersection. Re-evaluate the placement of the West Main Street eastbound signal indications with respect to the stop line. Consider motorist cone of vision, appropriateness of positioning the indications closer to the stop line to provide more of an incentive for motorists to stop at the line, and the appropriateness of placing a post-mounted signal indication at the stop bar to reinforce the location of the stop bar to motorists. Verify that clearance intervals for all approaches to the intersection are accurate, especially the West Main Street eastbound approach, where the stop line is offset 100 feet from the intersection. Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Party Medium Short-term Medium Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Medium Long-term Medium Town of Hopkinton/abutters Medium Mid-term Medium Town of Hopkinton High Long-term High Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Page 23 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location A (continued) Safety Issue Intersection Geometry Traffic Signal Indications Safety Enhancement Consider the appropriateness of adding a dedicated left-turn lane to the West Main Street eastbound approach to reduce blockage of through traffic by left-turning vehicles, reducing congestion and driver frustration. Additional through lanes along this approach may impact safety at Meserve Street, and this impact should be evaluated. Restripe the box pavement markings with more durable thermoplastic markings. Consider supplementing the markings with “Do Not Block Intersection” signage. Place flexible delineators along the edge of the asphalt bulb-out along the Main Street westbound approach to increase visibility. Consider object marker objects given in Section 2C.63 of the MUTCD. Replace the Main Street westbound signal indications that have dimmed or are no longer functional with LED indications to increase visibility for motorists and reduce the occurrence of rear-end crashes. Install backplates with retroreflective edges on all signal heads to reduce solar glare and increase visibility during low light conditions, respectively. Consider placing vehicle detection within the intersection so that additional time may be provided to the West Main Street eastbound approach if a vehicle is traveling through the intersection as the signal is about to turn yellow. Repair “DON’T WALK” pedestrian indications which were inoperative at the time of the audit. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, upgrade pedestrian indications to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Party High Long-term High Town of Hopkinton/abutters Low Short-term Medium Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Low Mid-term Medium Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Medium Long-term Medium Town of Hopkinton Page 24 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location A (continued) Safety Issue Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Party Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Consider restriping all pavement markings using a more durable and visible material such as retroreflective thermoplastic or pavement tape so that they last longer and are more visible at night and during Medium the winter months. Consider the durability and functionality of decorative crosswalks that use paint, stamped concrete, etc. Short-term Medium Town of Hopkinton Provide pedestrian warning signage at the unsignalized crosswalk at Commonwealth Avenue. Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Safety Enhancement Trim back trees, as appropriate, so that roadway signage is visible to motorists. Signage and Pavement Markings Low Page 25 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Table 3. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location B Safety Issue Access Management Intersection Geometry Traffic Signal Indications Safety Enhancement In the short term, consider restricting left turns into and out of the Colella’s driveway on Main Street using signage and pavement markings to reduce the occurrence of courtesy crashes. In the long term, consider restricting left turns into and out of the Colella’s Main Street driveway by constructing a median on Main Street using a channelization island that would force right­ in/right-out operation. As part of long-term planning efforts, the Town of Hopkinton should work with Middlesex Savings Bank to identify an alternate location for the drive-up ATM within the Colella’s Supermarket lot to encourage motorists to exit the Colella’s lot from the Grove Street exit. Consider placing a painted median island in the Grove Street northbound approach upstream of the left-turn lane to guide vehicles into the through/right-turn lane and force motorists to make a conscious decision to enter the left-turn lane. Provide graphic lane use signage along the Grove Street northbound approach and on the mast arm to raise awareness of the lane use at the intersection. Consider the appropriateness of providing lane extension pavement markings within the intersection for the Grove Street northbound left-turn lane to reinforce to motorists that the lane is for left turns only. In the long term, consider ways to modify the geometry of the intersection to eliminate the offset between Grove Street and Cedar Street. Consider placing post-mounted signal indications at the Main Street eastbound and westbound approaches to the intersection to give motorists a second location to look if glare or truck traffic is impacting the view of signal indications on mast arms. Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Party Medium Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton/Colella’s High Long-term Medium Town of Hopkinton/Colella’s Low Long-term Low Town of Hopkinton/Colella’s/ Middlesex Savings Bank Medium Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton High Long-term High Town of Hopkinton Medium Long-term High Town of Hopkinton Page 26 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Table 3. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location B (continued) Safety Issue Safety Enhancement In the short-term, to reduce the risk of angle crashes, consider the safety benefits of reinstating the No Turn on Red restriction for the Cedar Street southbound approach due to the limited sight lines to the east. Consider potential pedestrian conflicts of continuing to allow right turns on red. Consider providing a separate signal indication for the Cedar Street southbound right-turn lane in the mid-term so that a restriction on right turns on red can be reinforced with a red arrow. A separate signal indication could be used to allow an overlap right-turn phase concurrent with the Main Street Sight lines eastbound left-turn phase, which would ease right-turn queues caused by restricting right turns on red. If right turns on red continue to be permitted at Cedar Street southbound, remove the small tree from the northeast corner of the intersection to improve sight lines. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider relocating the signal post and moving utilities underground to remove sight line obstructions from the northeast corner of the intersection and making legal right turns on red safer. Remove unnecessary signage from within the Town of Hopkinton’s right-of-way so that motorists see only important Signage signage. Work with businesses to move signage away from the intersection. Consider the feasibility of replacing the existing pedestrian push buttons with another, ADA-compliant push button that will not be susceptible to freezing and constantly calling the pedestrian phase. Pedestrian and Bicycle Consider concurrent pedestrian phasing at the intersection for Accommodations improved pedestrian operations and safety. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, construct new sidewalks, including ADA-compliant pedestrian ramps at all crosswalks, at the intersection. Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Party Medium Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Low Mid-term Medium Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Medium Long-term High Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Medium Town of Hopkinton Medium Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Medium Long-term High Town of Hopkinton Page 27 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Table 3. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location B (continued) Safety Issue Safety Enhancement In the short term, consider providing shared lane markings and signage at the intersection to increase awareness of bicyclists in Pedestrian and the vicinity of the intersection. Bicycle As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider providing Accommodations wide shoulders of at least four feet or bicycle lanes of at least five feet to give cyclists a dedicated space in which to ride. Consider implementing an education program in the form of newspaper articles or temporary signage to inform motorists that Grove Street northbound is the faster and safer route to Main Education and Street eastbound. Enforcement Consider increasing speed enforcement on Pleasant Street, when possible, to decrease unsafe driver behavior and reduce the volume of traffic using Pleasant Street. Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Party Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Medium Long-term Low Town of Hopkinton Medium Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Low Short-term Low Town of Hopkinton Page 28 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda Road Safety Audit Hopkinton, MA Route 135 at W. Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85 (Cedar Street) Meeting Location: Police Training Room 74 Main Street, Hopkinton, MA Friday, March 7, 2014 10:00 AM – 12:30 PM Type of meeting: High Crash Locations – Road Safety Audit Attendees: Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team Please bring: Thoughts and Enthusiasm!! 10:00 AM Welcome and Introductions 10:15 AM Discussion of Safety Issues • Crash History, Speed Regulations – provided in advance • Existing Geometries and Conditions 11:00 AM Site Visit • Walk/Drive to the intersections of Route 135 / Route 85 and Route 135 / W. Main Street • As a group, identify areas for improvement 11:30 AM Discussion of Potential Improvements • Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas • Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations 12:30 PM Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended Instructions for Participants: • Before attending the RSA on March 7th, participants are encouraged to drive/walk through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List with a focus on safety. • All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the success of the overall RSA process. • After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the multidisciplinary team. Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Participating Audit Team Members Date: Friday, March 7, 2014 Location: Hopkinton Police Department Audit Team Members Agency/Affiliation E-mail Address John K. Westerling Hopkinton DPW jwesterling@hopkintonma.gov David Daltorio Hopkinton Town Engineer ddaltorio@hopkintonma.gov Elaine Lazarus Hopkinton Planning Department elainel@hopkintonma.gov Tom Griffin Hopkinton Police tgriffin@hopkintonpd.org Ken Clark Hopkinton Fire chief@hopkintonfd.org Seth Asante Boston Region MPO sasante@ctps.org Mike Wasielewski BETA Group, Inc. mwasielewski@beta-inc.com Joe Frawley MassDOT District 3 joseph.frawley@state.ma.us Lola Campbell MassDOT District 3 alolade.campbell@state.ma.us Robert Kimungu MassDOT Highway Division robert.kimungu@state.ma.us Corey O’Connor MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section corey.oconnor@state.ma.us Lisa Schletzbaum MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section lisa.schletzbaum@state.ma.us Mike Tremblay Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates mtremblay@hshassoc.com Joe SanClemente Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates js@hshassoc.com Phone Number 508-497-9740 508-497-9730 508-497-9755 508-497-3401 508-497-2325 617-973-7098 781-255-1982 508-929-3916 508-929-3887 857-368-9344 857-368-9638 857-368-9634 508-348-3347 508-348-3334 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data Crash Data Summary Table West Main Street (Route 135) @ Wood Street (Route 135), Hopkinton, MA 2008-2012 Crash Diagram Ref # 1 Crash Date Time of Day m/d/y Light Condition # Type 1 Daylight Weather Condition # Type 1 Clear 3/10/08 2:00 PM Manner of Collision # Type 2 Rear-end 2 3 4 5 5/22/08 3/4/09 3/4/09 6/20/09 9:28 AM 7:10 AM 12:45 PM 10:35 AM 3 2 2 2 Angle Rear-end Rear-end Rear-end 1 1 1 1 Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight 1 1 1 2 6 7 8 9 9/14/09 2/16/20 2/16/10 9:30 PM 8:00 AM 12:14 PM 2 1 2 4 Rear-end Single Vehicle Crash Rear-end Sideswipe, same direction 4 1 1 10 11 12 11/8/11 5:29 PM 5/25/12 3:10 PM 11/21/12 8:35 AM 2 2 2 Rear-end Rear-end Rear-end 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1/15/08 6/16/08 8/25/08 11/12/08 3/30/10 1/8/10 5/19/10 12/9/10 3:20 PM 12:06 PM 6:05 PM 8:02 AM 3:17 PM 4:20 PM 9:18 AM 2:52 PM 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 21 22 11/8/11 3/18/08 5:29 PM 7:09 AM 2 2 23 4/11/08 6:30 PM 5 Sideswipe, opposite direction 3 Dusk 1 Clear 24 25 26 6/12/09 7/18/09 8/4/09 12:04 PM 7:30 AM 9:11 AM 2 2 2 Rear-end Rear-end Rear-end 1 1 1 Daylight Daylight Daylight 2 3 1 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 11/23/09 1/21/10 5/15/10 5/25/10 12/9/10 3/17/11 7/14/11 9/22/11 11/30/11 4:45 PM 10:45 AM 4:31 PM 12:20 PM 2:40 PM 9:00 AM 2:49 PM 1:22 PM 6:44 AM 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 Rear-end Rear-end Rear-end Rear-end Rear-end Angle Angle Rear-end Rear-end 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dark - lighted roadway Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Road Surface # Type 3 Snow 1 Clear Clear Clear Cloudy 1 1 1 Dry Dry Dry 3 19 19 1 Driver Contributing Code Type No Improper Driving Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Inattention Inattention No Improper Driving Dark - lighted roadway 1 Daylight 2 Daylight 4 Clear Cloudy Snow 1 3 3 Dry Snow Snow 1 7 11 No Improper Driving Driving too fast for conditions slippery surface, vehicle, object, non- 4 1 1 Dark - lighted roadway 1 Daylight 1 Daylight 1 Clear Clear Clear 1 1 1 19 1 19 Inattention No Improper Driving Inattention 7/1/1989 6/17/1995 12/16/1989 Rear-end Angle Angle Angle Rear-end Angle Angle Angle 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 Clear Clear Clear Clear Rain Clear Rain Clear 5 1 1 Dry Dry Dry Sand, mud, dirt, oil, gravel Dry Dry 2 1 2 1 Wet Dry Wet Dry 19 4 19 4 19 4 1 6 Inattention Failed to yield right of way Inattention Failed to yield right of way Inattention Failed to yield right of way No Improper Driving Made an improper turn 4/23/1981 1/5/1987 1/4/1928 10/10/1987 12/2/1921 5/17/1991 6/17/1951 1/19/1963 2/23/1981 8/15/1992 1/1/1976 1/12/1980 1/2/1980 2/26/1975 11/16/1986 2/25/1969 Rear-end Rear-end 4 1 Dark - lighted roadway 1 Daylight 1 Clear Clear 1 Dry 19 19 Inattention Inattention 7/1/1989 12/18/1989 7 Driving too fast for conditions 1/29/1956 Cloudy Rain Clear 1 2 1 Dry Wet Dry 1 19 19 No Improper Driving Inattention Inattention 3 1 1 1 1 Rain Clear Clear Clear Clear 2 1 1 1 1 Wet Dry Dry Dry Dry 1 1 1 Clear Clear Clear 1 1 1 Dry Dry Dry 97 19 20 19 19 4 19 19 19 Other improper action Inattention Distracted Inattention Inattention Failed to yield right of way Inattention Inattention Inattention # DOB DOB 8/4/1986 4/9/1954 DOB Ages DOB Comments D1 D2 D3 D4 21 53 V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, possible injury. 86 44 16 44 19 18 43 49 V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. 44 V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, possible injury. V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, possible injury. 39 88 41 17 22 16 22 59 33 23 26 80 86 57 29 34 30 24 21 20 17 45 17 29 35 41 3/22/1952 4/30/1962 22 18 59 45 4/12/1990 52 17 4/29/1948 4/14/1967 4/13/1968 ##### 2/23/1961 7/29/1981 5/3/1964 11/13/1951 61 48 45 42 27 57 9/26/1977 1/23/1960 6/17/1969 4/20/1960 2/25/1993 3/2/1993 9/18/1965 12/9/1989 8/20/1957 12/16/1976 7/24/1970 1/19/1925 7/16/1961 12/9/1981 9/27/1969 9/13/1952 9/10/1970 5/8/1982 32 40 17 44 53 40 49 41 41 49 49 17 20 33 86 29 59 29 4/20/1922 12/30/1964 8/15/1992 1/29/1965 1/20/1989 2/9/1991 1/17/1966 9/13/1966 ##### 6/8/1960 1/23/1967 9/23/1969 4/11/1992 1/25/1932 2/15/1969 12/17/1977 3/22/1952 12/7/1978 8/31/1989 5/6/1984 42 42 V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V1 hit a sign, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. 32 V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. 23 V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. 41 V1 cut off V3, lost control and sideswiped V2, possible injury. V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, causing V1 to rear-end V4, 2 47 injuries. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, possible injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury. V1 backed up into V2 at an angle, no injury. V1 backed up into V2, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts West Main Street (Route 135) @ Wood Street (Route 135), Hopkinton, MA CRASH MONTH 25% 20% 20% 17% 14% 15% 10% 9% 9% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 3% 5% 0% 0% J F M A M J J A S O N D CRASH DAY OF WEEK 30% 20% 26% 20% 17% 14% 11% 9% 10% 3% 0% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday CRASH TIME OF DAY 30% 20% 20% 17% 20% 17% 11% 10% 0% 6% 6AM- 8AM 8AM10AM 10AM12PM 6% 12PM- 2PM- 4PM4PM- 6PM6PM- 8PM 2PM 3% 8PM10PM 0% 0% 0% 0% 10PM12AM 12AM- 2AM- 4AM4AM- 6AM 2AM CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION 80% 66% 60% 40% 20% 0% 26% 3% Single Vehicle Crash Main at Wood-2008-2012.xlsx 3% Rear-end Angle 3% Sideswipe, Sideswipe, opposite same direction direction 1 of 2 0% 0% 0% Head on Rear to Rear Unknown 1/31/2014 Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts West Main Street (Route 135) @ Wood Street (Route 135), Hopkinton, MA CRASH LIGHT CONDITION 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 80% 85% Daylight 0% 3% Dawn Dusk 12% Dark Lighted Roadway 0% 0% 0% 0% Dark Roadway not lighted Dark unknown roadway lighting Other Unknown CRASH WEATHER CONDITION 76% 60% 0% 0% Severe Crosswinds Fog, Smog, Smoke 0% 0% Unknown Sleet, Hail, Freezing Rain 0% Other 0% Blowing sand, snow 3% Snow 12% Rain 0% 9% Clear 20% Cloudy 40% CRASH ROAD SURFACE 80% 72% 60% 40% 14% 20% 0% Dry Wet 10% 3% 0% Snow Ice 0% Sand, mud, Water dirt, oil, (standing, moving) gravel 0% 0% 0% Slush Other Unknown CRASH DRIVER AGES 40% 33% 30% 20% 22% 15% 11% 11% 10% 0% 15-20 Main at Wood-2008-2012.xlsx 21-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 2 of 2 7% 1% 0% 60-69 70-79 80+ 1/31/2014 Crash Data Summary Table Main Street (Route 135) @ Cedar/Grove Street (Route 85), Hopkinton, MA 2008-2012 Crash Diagram Ref # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Crash Date Time of Day m/d/y # Manner of Collision Type # 1/23/08 4/30/08 7/26/08 4/3/08 7/11/08 8/13/08 9/27/08 3 4 2 3 3 2 5 Angle Sideswipe, same direction Rear-end Angle Angle Rear-end Sideswipe, opposite direction 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6:44 AM 9:00 AM 8:58 AM 7:52 AM 12:03 PM 10:55 AM 9:56 AM Light Condition Type Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight # 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 Weather Condition Type Road Surface Type 3 4 1 4 1 Failed to yield right of way No Improper Driving Failed to yield right of way No Improper Driving 1 19 19 10 No Improper Driving Inattention Inattention Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Failed to yield right of way Operating Vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner 4 16 99 8 18 19 4 4 20 99 Failed to yield right of way Illness Unknown Wrong side or wrong way Visibility Obstructed Inattention Failed to yield right of way Failed to yield right of way Distracted Unknown 19 4 19 20 4 19 Inattention Failed to yield right of way Inattention Distracted Failed to yield right of way Inattention Dry Dry Wet Dry Dry Dry 99 4 4 1 4 19 1 Dry 3 Unknown Failed to yield right of way Failed to yield right of way No Improper Driving Failed to yield right of way Inattention Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings 1 1 1 1 1 Dry Dry Dry Dry Dry 4 19 4 19 19 Failed to yield right of way Inattention Failed to yield right of way Inattention Inattention Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Rain 1 Dry 2 2 Wet Wet 1 Dry 8 10/10/08 2:18 PM 3 Angle 1 Daylight 1 Clear 9 12/4/08 3 Angle 1 Daylight 2 Cloudy 10:40 AM Driver Contributing Code Type Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Inattention Failed to yield right of way Failed to yield right of way Failed to yield right of way Followed too closely Failed to yield right of way Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings # # 3 19 4 4 4 5 4 9 3 10 1/8/09 5:17 PM 3 Angle 4 Dark - lighted roadway 1 Clear 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1/20/09 2/27/09 2/25/09 4/6/09 6/7/09 9/24/09 11/13/09 12/2/09 7:50 PM 4:18 PM 4:20 PM 5:18 PM 12:19 PM 11:45 AM 12:08 PM 2:28 PM 6 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 Head on Single Vehicle Crash Angle Angle Angle Angle Rear-end Rear-end 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dark - lighted roadway Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 Clear Clear Clear Rain Clear Clear Clear Clear 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Dry Dry Wet Dry Dry Dry Dry 19 20 9/10/10 1/15/10 9:15 AM 2:22 PM 2 3 Rear-end Angle 1 1 Daylight Daylight 1 1 Clear Clear 1 1 Dry Dry 3 4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 1/19/09 2/16/10 3/4/10 3/5/10 3/10/10 4/21/10 5/7/10 5/13/10 5/21/10 6/6/10 6/18/10 6/20/10 7/14/10 7/26/10 8/11/10 8/18/10 9/1/10 9/10/10 11/20/10 5:45 PM 7:52 AM 7:10 AM 11:10 AM 12:25 PM 9:54 AM 6:55 PM 1:26 PM 12:42 PM 4:35 PM 2:45 PM 1:44 PM 11:30 AM 7:12 PM 2:03 PM 12:17 PM 2:40 PM 2:14 PM 2:45 PM 6 3 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 3 2 Head on Angle Sideswipe, opposite direction Rear-end Angle Angle Angle Angle Angle Angle Angle Angle Rear-end Angle Sideswipe, same direction Rear-end Rear-end Angle Rear-end 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dark - lighted roadway Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Snow Snow Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Rain Clear Clear Rain Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Wet Snow Dry Dry Dry Dry Dry Dry Dry Wet Dry Dry Wet Dry Dry Dry Dry Dry Dry 40 41 42 43 44 45 11/30/10 12/2/10 1/25/11 6/17/11 7/24/11 8/23/11 5:24 PM 2:02 PM 12:25 PM 8:20 PM 10:44 AM 5:25 PM 3 5 3 4 3 2 Angle Sideswipe, opposite direction Angle Sideswipe, same direction Angle Rear-end 4 1 1 3 1 1 Dark - lighted roadway Daylight Daylight Dusk Daylight Daylight 1 1 2 2 1 1 Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy Clear Clear 1 1 2 1 1 1 46 3/6/12 8:15 AM 4 Sideswipe, same direction 1 1 Clear 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 5/25/12 6/8/12 9/14/12 5/18/09 7/11/09 8:25 PM 2:33 PM 9:13 AM 1:59 PM 4:30 PM 3 2 3 4 1 Angle Rear-end Angle Sideswipe, same direction Single Vehicle Crash 5 1 1 1 1 Daylight Dark - roadway not lighted Daylight Daylight Daylight Daylight 1 1 1 1 1 Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear 7 Slush DOB DOB DOB Ages DOB 9/10/1937 2/11/1987 4/27/1951 11/12/1964 12/28/1991 1/2/1963 2/3/1951 8/23/1961 4/29/1969 31503 8/26/1966 2/20/1950 5/12/1966 6/15/1968 Comments D1 70 57 16 57 39 41 42 D2 D3 D4 V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V1 hit V2 at angle causing V1 to hit parked V3, no injury. V1 struck V2 at an angle, injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury. 20 43 45 46 22 58 40 4/17/1991 6/27/1959 17 49 V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury. 5/7/1974 3/17/1928 34 80 V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. 4/19/1961 7/3/1954 47 54 V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. 12/27/1955 1/23/1945 12/7/1964 5/16/1947 12/23/1923 6/3/1976 3/19/1975 11/20/1960 1/19/1987 22 1/3/1990 8/15/1951 5/30/1935 7/21/1986 1/22/1968 1/12/1993 53 64 44 61 85 33 34 49 19 57 74 23 41 16 V2 hit V1 front head on, possible injury. V1 hit a telephone pole, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 sideswiped V1, no injury. V1 hit bycyclist. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. 1/9/1954 1/20/1990 1/17/1964 56 19 45 V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. 1/1/1962 4/2/1935 1/1/1956 8/21/1979 1/3/1955 6/25/1956 1/1/1992 1/9/1959 1/24/1930 1/28/1970 1/10/1987 4/3/1978 2/3/1942 1/2/1967 5/13/1964 1/25/1989 1/30/1970 1/17/1964 2/18/1965 7/1/1960 4/4/1976 1/1/1993 1/1/1987 1/1/1928 1/5/1955 1/24/1976 1/2/1926 7/29/1987 1/2/1970 1/21/1990 1/14/1985 1/7/1960 1/27/1926 2/5/1936 1/1/1965 3/30/1951 7/20/1968 9/5/1945 47 74 54 30 55 53 18 51 80 40 23 32 68 43 46 21 40 46 45 48 33 17 23 82 55 34 84 22 40 20 25 50 84 74 45 59 42 65 V2 hit V1 head on, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 sideswiped V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, injury. V1 hit V2 at an angle/sideswipe, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 hit V1 at and angle, no injury. V1 hit V2 at an angle/sideswipe, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. 1/6/1982 2/10/1947 8/22/1965 11/3/1995 8/3/1967 4/5/1955 2/12/1970 8/26/1952 1/6/1958 3/4/1959 40 58 53 52 12/7/1941 28 63 45 15 43 56 12/19/1988 1/12/1948 23 64 V2 sideswiped V1, no injury. 8/14/1992 8/1/1992 11/30/1959 12/19/1994 8/1/1991 1/25/1996 1/26/1947 11/20/1973 3/6/1965 9/6/1965 19 52 21 62 44 19 17 16 35 43 V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 rear-ended V1, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 sideswiped V1, no injury. Bicyclist hit V1 at an angle, possible injury. 5/9/1993 69 17 V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury. V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury. V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury. V2 sideswiped V1, no injury. V1 hit oncoming cyclist, injury. V2 rear-ended V1, possible injury. Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Main Street (Route 135) @ Cedar/Grove Street (Route 85), Hopkinton, MA CRASH MONTH 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 12% 12% 12% 12% 10% 8% 8% 8% 6% 6% 6% N D 2% J F M A M J J A S O CRASH DAY OF WEEK 28% 30% 22% 20% 14% 12% 10% 0% 8% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 8% 8% Saturday Sunday CRASH TIME OF DAY 30% 20% 10% 0% 8% 6AM- 8AM 14% 12% 20% 20% 18% 6% 4% 8AM10AM 10AM12PM 12PM- 2PM- 4PM4PM- 6PM6PM- 8PM 2PM 8PM10PM 0% 0% 0% 0% 10PM12AM 12AM- 2AM- 4AM4AM- 6AM 2AM CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 53% 24% 10% 4% Single Vehicle Crash Rear-end Main at Cedar-Grove-2008-2012.xlsx Angle 6% Sideswipe, Sideswipe, opposite same direction direction 1 of 2 4% Head on 0% 0% Rear to Rear Unknown 1/31/2014 Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Main Street (Route 135) @ Cedar/Grove Street (Route 85), Hopkinton, MA CRASH LIGHT CONDITION 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 88% Daylight 0% 2% Dawn Dusk 8% Dark Lighted Roadway 2% 0% 0% 0% Dark Roadway not lighted Dark unknown roadway lighting Other Unknown CRASH WEATHER CONDITION 0% 0% Other 0% Unknown 0% Severe Crosswinds 0% Blowing sand, snow 0% Fog, Smog, Smoke Rain 4% Sleet, Hail, Freezing Rain 8% Snow 6% Cloudy 82% Clear 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CRASH ROAD SURFACE 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 80% 16% Dry Wet 2% 0% Snow Ice 0% 0% Sand, mud, Water dirt, oil, (standing, moving) gravel 2% 0% 0% Slush Other Unknown CRASH DRIVER AGES 28% 30% 20% 19% 13% 13% 10% 0% 15-20 21-29 Main at Cedar-Grove-2008-2012.xlsx 9% 30-39 8% 40-49 50-59 2 of 2 60-69 4% 70-79 6% 80+ 1/31/2014 Road Safety Audit Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Appendix D. Additional Information