ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85
Town of Hopkinton
March 2014
Prepared for:
Massachusetts Department of Transportation
Prepared by:
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates
38 Chauncy Street
Boston, MA 02111
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table of Contents
Background ................................................................................................................................. 2
Project Location Description ..................................................................................................... 5
Road Safety Audit Observations ............................................................................................... 9
Location 1: Route 135/School Street ....................................................................................... 10
Location 2: Route 135/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street (Five Corners) ............................... 15
Potential Safety Enhancements ............................................................................................... 22
List of Appendices
Appendix A.
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
Appendix D.
RSA Meeting Agenda
RSA Audit Team Contact List
Detailed Crash Data
Additional Information
List of Figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Locus Map .............................................................................................................................. 3
West Main Street at Wood Street (Route 135) ....................................................................... 6
Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) ......................................... 7
List of Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Participating Audit Team Members ....................................................................................... 4
Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location 1 .................................................... 23
Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location 2 .................................................... 26
Page 1
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Background
The Road Safety Audit (RSA) focused on two locations along Route 135 in Hopkinton, Massachusetts:
the intersection of West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) and the intersection of Main
Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85). Both locations are ranked within the Top 5%
of High Crash Locations within the Boston Region Municipal Planning Organization (Boston Region
MPO) area. The RSA study area is illustrated in Figure 1.
The intersection of Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) received several
improvements in 2012, including new signal equipment, an increased curb radius on the southwest corner
of the intersection to facilitate truck movements, the addition of a dedicated left-turn lane along Grove
Street northbound, and phasing adjustments to incorporate split phasing on the Grove Street northbound
and Cedar Street southbound approaches.
The Route 135 corridor is currently at the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) 25%
design phase (MassDOT Project #606043), with an approximate construction start date of Winter
2018/2019.
MassDOT has determined that the Town of Hopkinton would be eligible to receive Highway Safety
Improvement Program (HSIP) funding for reconstruction of these intersections if a RSA were conducted
and the proposed design incorporated the safety improvements identified in the RSA. In general, the RSA
is intended to identify potential safety improvements that can be evaluated and included as part of the
design process for the future reconstruction of the intersections. The short-term, low-cost potential
improvements could be considered by the responsible agency for implementation prior to reconstruction,
as appropriate.
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Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Locus Map
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Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Project Data
The audit team conducted an RSA at the intersections of West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street
(Route 135) and East Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) in Hopkinton on
Friday, March 7, 2014. The RSA agenda appears in Appendix A. Table 1 lists the audit team members
and their affiliations. Appendix B provides contact information for all team members.
Prior to the RSA, in order to begin assessing possible safety issues, the team reviewed collision diagrams
and a crash detail summary based on crash records supplied by the Hopkinton Police Department for the
corridor. Appendix C provides the detailed crash data for the study area. Speed regulations are shown in
Appendix D.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
John K. Westerling
David Daltorio
Elaine Lazarus
Tom Griffin
Ken Clark
Seth Asante
Mike Wasielewski
Joe Frawley
Lola Campbell
Robert Kimungu
Corey O’Connor
Lisa Schletzbaum
Mike Tremblay
Joe SanClemente
Agency/Affiliation
Hopkinton DPW
Hopkinton Town Engineer
Hopkinton Planning Department
Hopkinton Police
Hopkinton Fire
Boston Region MPO
BETA Group, Inc.
MassDOT District 3
MassDOT District 3
MassDOT Highway Division
MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section
MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates
According to the data provided by the Hopkinton Police Department, 35 crashes were reported at the
intersection of West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) from 2008-2012. Twenty-three
of the crashes (or 66%) were rear-end crashes, nine (25%) were angle crashes, two (6%) were sideswipe
crashes, and one (3%) was a single-vehicle crash. Most crashes occurred in the daylight (29, or 83%) and
on dry pavement (21, or 60%). Six of the 35 crashes resulted in injury or possible injury. No fatal
crashes were reported.
During the same time period, 51 crashes were at the intersection of Main Street (Route 135) at Grove
Street/Cedar Street (Route 85). Of the 51 crashes, 27 (or 53%) were angle crashes, 12 (23%) were rearend crashes, 8 (16%) were sideswipe crashes, 2 (4%) were single-vehicle crashes, and 2 (4%) were headon crashes. Most occurred on dry pavement crashes (36, or 71%) and in the daylight (45, or 88%). Most
Page 4
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
crashes (52%) occurred during the midday period between peak hours (10:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m.). Five
injuries or possibly injuries were reported, with no fatalities, at the intersection.
Project Location Description
The RSA focused on the intersections of West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) and
Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85), shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3,
respectively.
West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) is a signalized intersection with three
approaches. West Main Street eastbound consists of one travel lane and approaches the intersection on a
moderate upgrade. To facilitate truck maneuvers, making right turns from Wood Street southbound onto
West Main westbound, the West Main Street eastbound stop line is set approximately 100 feet upstream
of the intersection. The Main Street (Route 135) westbound approach consists of a through lane and a
right-turn lane. The Wood Street (Route 135) southbound approach consists of a single travel lane.
Pedestrian sidewalks are provided along the south side of West Main Street, along both sides of Main
Street, and along the east side of Wood Street. A crosswalk with pedestrian indications and ramps is
provided across Main Street.
At this intersection Wood Street and Main Street are designated as Massachusetts Route 135. For clarity,
this report will refer to the street names (West Main Street, Main Street, and Wood Street), rather than the
route number, when discussing this intersection.
Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) is a signalized intersection with four
approaches. The Route 135 (West Main Street) eastbound and westbound approaches each consist of a
dedicated left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane. The Grove Street northbound approach
consists of a dedicated left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane. Grove Street approaches the
intersection on a slight downgrade. The Cedar Street southbound approach intersects Main Street
approximately 30 west of Grove Street resulting in a slightly offset intersection alignment. The Cedar
Street southbound approach consists of a shared left-turn/through lane and an exclusive right-turn lane.
Sidewalks are provided along both sides of each roadway at the intersection. Crosswalks, pedestrian
ramps, and pedestrian indications are provided across all legs of the intersection.
Grove Street and Cedar Street are designated as Massachusetts Route 85 at the intersection. For clarity,
this report will refer to the street names (Grove Street and Cedar Street), rather than Route 85, when
discussing this intersection.
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Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Figure 2. West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135)
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Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Figure 3. Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85)
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COELLA’S
SUPERMARKET
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
These intersections are the junction of the following roadways, which are categorized according to
MassDOT Office of Transportation Planning functional classifications:
West Main Street is classified as an urban minor arterial and falls under the Town of Hopkinton’s
jurisdiction. West Main Street runs in a northeast-southwest direction between the Upton Town Line to
the southwest, where it becomes Hopkinton Road, and Wood Street to the northeast, where it becomes
Main Street (Route 135). West Main Street consists of one travel lane in each direction. The speed limit
on West Main Street is posted at 35 miles per hour (mph) approaching the intersection and 45 mph
departing the intersection.
Main Street (Route 135) is classified as an urban principal arterial and falls under the Town of
Hopkinton’s jurisdiction. Main Street runs in an east-west direction between Wood Street (Route 135) to
the west, where it becomes West Main Street, and Hayden Rowe Street to the east, where it becomes East
Main Street (Route 135). Main Street generally consists of one travel lane in each direction. The speed
limit on Main Street is typically 30 mph.
Wood Street (Route 135) is classified as an urban principal arterial and falls under the Town of
Hopkinton’s jurisdiction. Wood Street runs northwest-southeast between the Westborough Town Line to
the northwest, where it becomes Hopkinton Road, and West Main Street to the southeast. Wood Street
consists of one travel lane in each direction. The speed limit on Wood Street is posted at 35 mph.
Grove Street is classified as an urban minor arterial and falls under the jurisdiction of the Town of
Hopkinton. Grove Street runs north-south between Hayden Rowe Street (Route 85) to the south and
Main Street (Route 135) to the north. Grove Street typically consists of one travel lane in each direction.
The speed limit on Grove Street is 25 mph approaching Main Street (Route 135).
Cedar Street is classified as an urban minor arterial and falls under the jurisdiction of the Town of
Hopkinton. Cedar Street runs in a north-south direction between the Southborough Town Line to the
north and Main Street (Route 135) to the south. Cedar Street typically consists of one travel lane in each
direction. The speed limit on Cedar Street is 25 mph approaching Main Street (Route 135).
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Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Road Safety Audit Observations
Based on field observations on Friday, March 7, 2014, the RSA team determined that the study area
intersections have the following issues that affect safety:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Intersection geometry;
Traffic signal indications;
Signage and pavement markings;
Access management;
Sight lines;
Bicycle accommodations; and
Education and enforcement.
The following sections describe in more detail the safety issues and potential enhancements determined
during the RSA. Several of these issues require further study and engineering judgment to determine the
feasibility of implementing the improvements to address them.
Page 9
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Location A: West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street
Safety Issue #1: Intersection Geometry
Observations:
The West Main Street eastbound stop line is set
back from the intersection approximately 100
feet to facilitate truck turns from Wood Street
southbound onto West Main Street westbound.
This location of the stop line may not seem
natural to motorists, since the West Main Street
eastbound signal indication is located at the
intersection. During the RSA, vehicles
regularly stopped well beyond the stop line,
often halfway between the stop line and the
signal indication even though a “Stop Here on
Red Sign” is posted at the stop line. Public
safety officials stated that, if a West Main Street
Vehicles often stop well beyond the offset
stop bar on the West Main Street eastbound
eastbound vehicle is stopped ahead of the stop
approach.
line, trucks are not able to turn from Wood
Street southbound, which causes trucks to have to wait until the next cycle or causes the West
Main Street eastbound vehicle to continue through the intersection while the light is red. The
location of the stop line may also contribute to rear-end crashes when a following vehicle does
not expect the leading vehicle to stop mid-way between the stop line and the intersection.
Thirteen rear-end crashes occurred along the West Main Street eastbound approach, including
four crashes that involved three vehicles. Eight of the thirteen rear-end crashes on the approach
occurred during the winter months, when the stop line may have been less visible due to wear on
the roadway.
RSA team members stated that the West Main Street eastbound stop line is located as close to the
intersection as possible to allow for truck turns between Wood Street and West Main Street.
Town officials at the RSA stated that the parcel on the northwest corner of the intersection is of
historical significance which limits the ability to obtain additional land to widen the turn or
reconfigure the intersection.
RSA team members noted that the clearance interval for West Main Street eastbound vehicles did
not appear adequate considering the location of the West Main Street eastbound stop bar. An
inadequate clearance interval would allow the Wood Street southbound approach to receive a
green light while West Main Street eastbound vehicles are still traveling through the intersection.
RSA team members stated that a primary cause of rear-end crashes on West Main Street and on
Main Street is congestion along the corridor. Team members suggested that the corridor is used
as an alternate route to avoid Interstate 495 traffic. Congestion can lead to motorist inattention
and distraction. Of the 35 total crashes at the intersection, 18 crashes were caused by motorist
Page 10
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
inattention or distraction, including 16 of the 23 rear-end crashes. The West Main Street
eastbound approach consists of a single travel lane which is utilized by both left-turning vehicles
and through vehicles. Team members reported that left-turning vehicles enter the intersection to
wait for a gap in Main Street westbound traffic. Meanwhile, West Main Street through vehicles
must wait for the left-turning vehicle to proceed before continuing through the intersection. This
can also result in vehicles becoming “stuck” beyond the stop line after the light turns red. During
the audit, team members noted that the current design was considering adding an additional West
Main Street eastbound lane (via a shared left-turn/through lane) that would taper to one lane in
the vicinity of the Meserve Street. However, members commented that this could introduce
courtesy crashes involving West Main Street eastbound traffic and additional delays and motorist
competition where Main Street eastbound narrows back to one travel lane as motorists “jockey”
for position.
Meanwhile, approximately 160 feet east of the intersection, seven crashes involved vehicles
exiting Meserve Street. Team members stated that the Main Street westbound right-turn lane
queues would extend past Meserve Street, which resulted in “courtesy crashes”. A courtesy crash
occurs when a vehicle queued in a roadway yields to a vehicle exiting a driveway, which is then
struck by an unsuspecting vehicle in an adjacent travel lane. In order to reduce the instances of
“courtesy crashes”, the Town of Hopkinton installed a raised asphalt bulb-out to narrow Main
Street westbound just east of Meserve Street. The bulb-out, combined with a painted box within
the intersection of Main Street/Meserve Street, discourages queues from blocking the
intersection. Local officials indicated that these changes have been beneficial at reducing the
occurrence of angle crashes at this location. RSA team members stated that the bulb-out is not
immediately visible, and is often struck by snow plows in the winter.
Page 11
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Potential Enhancements:
1. In the short-term, consider restriping the West Main Street eastbound stop line using a more
durable and visible material, such as retroreflective thermoplastic or recessed markings so
that the stop line is more visible at night and during the winter months and more durable.
2. Replace the existing “Stop Here on Red” sign with an oversized sign for added visibility.
3. Consider the feasibility of increasing the radius (even if only by a small amount) between
Wood Street and West Main Street to facilitate truck turns, which will allow the stop line to
be placed closer to the intersection and to help reduce motorists confusion along West Main
Street eastbound. Consider the potential added benefit this improvement may yield at
reducing cut-through truck traffic through Elm Street.
4. Consider removing the small raised island at the Wood Street southbound approach to give
trucks additional room to make turns and allow the West Main Street eastbound stop line to
be moved closer to the intersection.
5. Re-evaluate the placement of the West Main Street eastbound signal indications with respect
to the stop line. Consider motorist cone of vision, appropriateness of positioning the
indications closer to the stop line to provide more of an incentive for motorists to stop at the
line, and the appropriateness of placing a post-mounted signal indication at the stop bar to
reinforce the location of the stop bar to motorists.
6. Verify that clearance intervals for all approaches to the intersection are accurate, especially
the West Main Street eastbound approach, where the stop line is offset 100 feet from the
intersection.
7. Consider the appropriateness of adding a dedicated left-turn lane to the West Main Street
eastbound approach to reduce blockage of through traffic by left-turning vehicles, reducing
congestion and driver frustration. Additional through lanes along this approach may impact
safety at Meserve Street, and this impact should be evaluated.
8. Restripe the box pavement markings with more durable thermoplastic markings. Consider
supplementing the markings with “Do Not Block Intersection” signage.
9. Place flexible delineators along the edge of the asphalt bulb-out along the Main Street
westbound approach to increase visibility. Consider object marker objects given in Section
2C.63 of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).
Page 12
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Safety Issue #2: Traffic Signal Indications
Observations:
The Main Street westbound post-mounted signal
indication did not have a functioning green light.
Additionally, team members observed that the
right arrow on the same post-mounted signal was
difficult to see. Unclear signal indications can
cause motorist confusion and rear-end crashes.
Five rear-end crashes were reported along the
Main Street westbound approach.
Team members stated that solar glare can be an
issue along the Main Street eastbound approach
during the morning peak period, which may have
contributed to three of the five rear-end crashes
along Main Street eastbound. The traffic signal is
not equipped with back plates at this intersection.
The post-mounted signal at the Main
Street eastbound approach does not have
a functioning green indication.
The “DON’T WALK” indication on both pedestrian signals was not visible during the audit. The
pedestrian signal otherwise functioned satisfactorily. Additionally, most of the signal indications
use incandescent bulbs, which are not as bright and noticeable as modern LED lights.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Replace the Main Street westbound signal indications that have dimmed or are no longer
functional with LED indications to increase visibility for motorists and reduce the occurrence
of rear-end crashes.
2. Install backplates with retroreflective edges on all signal heads to reduce solar glare and
increase visibility during low light conditions, respectively.
3. Consider placing vehicle detection within the intersection so that additional time may be
provided to the West Main Street eastbound approach if a vehicle is traveling through the
intersection as the signal is about to turn yellow.
4. Repair “DON’T WALK” pedestrian indications which were inoperative at the time of the
audit.
5. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, upgrade pedestrian indications to comply with the
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Page 13
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Safety Issue #3: Signage and Pavement Markings
Observations:
Trees block the visibility of signage at the intersection, including along the West Main Street
eastbound approach and the Wood Street southbound approach.
RSA team members noted that the pavement
markings at the intersection are generally worn.
Town officials stated that pavement markings are
typically repainted in the spring.
The two
crosswalks across Main Street, including the
signalized crosswalk at the intersection and the
unsignalized crosswalk at Commonwealth
Avenue, are worn, which may cause motorists to
fail to see the crosswalks, especially at night or in
the winter months, when the road is salted. Team
members noted that the During the audit, team
members noted that “Yield To Pedestrian In
Crosswalk” signage for a removed crosswalk at
Claflin Place remained, while no pedestrian
warning signage is provided at the crosswalk at
Commonwealth Avenue.
Crosswalk markings are faded and barely
visible.
On the day of the audit, the roads had sand and salt residue, which is somewhat typical
considering the number of snowstorms during the winter. The sand covered much of the edge
lines, and the white salt residue made many of the pavement markings blend in with the rest of
the pavement. The “Do Not Block the Box” pavement markings were not visible during the
audit.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Trim back trees, as appropriate, so that roadway signage is visible to motorists.
2. Consider restriping all pavement markings using a more durable and visible material such as
retroreflective thermoplastic or pavement tape so that they last longer and are more visible at
night and during the winter months. Consider the durability and functionality of decorative
crosswalks that use paint, stamped concrete, etc.
3. Provide pedestrian warning signage at the unsignalized crosswalk at Commonwealth Avenue.
Page 14
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Location B: Main Street (Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar
Street (Route 85)
Safety Issue #1: Access Management
Observations:
One of the two driveways for Colella’s
Supermarket is on Main Street, just 80 feet
west of the intersection. The Main Street
eastbound approach is two lanes wide in this
location, and the vehicle queues often extend
past the driveway. As a result, motorists
taking left turns into or out of the Colella’s
driveway are susceptible to “courtesy
crashes”. A courtesy crash occurs when a
vehicle queued in the roadway yields to a
vehicle exiting the driveway, which is then
struck by an unsuspecting vehicle in the
Vehicles turning left to access or egress
adjacent travel lane. Thirteen such crashes
Colella’s must cross through two lanes of
occurred at the Colella’s driveway on Main
queuing Main Street eastbound vehicles.
Street eastbound. Signs are posted at the
driveway warning exiting vehicles to use caution when making a left turn out of the driveway.
However, a drive-up ATM for Middlesex Savings Bank is located on the east side of Colella’s,
naturally guiding vehicles to enter at the driveway on Grove Street and exit using the driveway on
Main Street. A second driveway is located on Grove Street, approximately 240 feet south of the
intersection, where exiting motorists can use the traffic signal to make a safe left turn onto Main
Street westbound.
Potential Enhancements:
1. In the short term, consider restricting left turns into and out of the Colella’s driveway on
Main Street using signage and pavement markings to reduce the occurrence of courtesy
crashes.
2. In the long term, consider restricting left turns into and out of the Colella’s Main Street
driveway by constructing a median on Main Street using a channelization island that would
force right-in/right-out operation.
3. As part of long-term planning efforts, the Town of Hopkinton should work with Middlesex
Savings Bank to identify an alternate location for the drive-up ATM within the Colella’s
Supermarket lot to encourage motorists to exit the Colella’s lot from the Grove Street exit.
Page 15
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Safety Issue #2: Intersection Geometry
Observations:
Grove Street intersects Main Street from the south
approximately 30 feet east of where Cedar Street
intersects Main Street from the north, creating a
slight offset between the two roadways. In 2012,
the Grove Street northbound approach was
restriped from a single travel lane to provide a
dedicated left-turn lane and a shared
through/right-turn lane. While this change has
been beneficial to intersection operations, RSA
team members noted and observed that Grove
Street northbound motorists traveling through the
The Grove Street northbound approach
intersection often do so from the left-turn lane.
is offset from Cedar Street.
Team members noted that, because the Grove
Street northbound left-turn lane lines up with the Cedar Street northbound departure lane,
motorists wishing to continue straight through the intersection naturally shift to the left-turn lane.
This creates a conflict when a vehicle in the shared through/right-turn lane and a vehicle in the
exclusive left-turn lane each try to continue through into a single departure lane. Two sideswipe
crashes were reported between Grove Street northbound vehicles.
The Grove Street northbound approach and the Cedar Street southbound approach were converted
to split phasing in 2012, simultaneous with the addition of the left-turn lane on Grove Street
northbound. Team members stated that this change has been beneficial in reducing angle crashes
at the intersection. Five angle crashes occurred at the intersection between Grove Street
northbound left-turning vehicles and Cedar Street southbound through vehicles; however, team
members stated that these crashes occurred before the implementation of split phasing.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Consider placing a painted median island in the Grove Street northbound approach upstream
of the left-turn lane to guide vehicles into the through/right-turn lane and force motorists to
make a conscious decision to enter the left-turn lane.
2. Provide graphic lane use signage along the Grove Street northbound approach and on the
mast arm to raise awareness of the lane use at the intersection.
3. Consider the appropriateness of providing lane extension pavement markings within the
intersection for the Grove Street northbound left-turn lane to reinforce to motorists that the
lane is for left turns only.
4. In the long term, consider ways to modify the geometry of the intersection to eliminate the
offset between Grove Street and Cedar Street.
Page 16
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Safety Issue #3: Traffic Signal Indications
Observations:
RSA team members cited solar glare as a cause for
some crashes on Main Street eastbound and
westbound at the intersection. The signal indications
are equipped with backplates, but there are no postmounted signal indications provided at the
intersection. All signal indications at the intersection
are located on mast arms.
RSA team members also suggested that trucks may
block the view of overhead signal indications for
smaller vehicles behind the truck.
Potential Enhancements:
All signal indications at the intersection
are mounted on mast arms.
1. Consider placing post-mounted signal indications
at the Main Street eastbound and westbound approaches to the intersection to give motorists a
second location to look if glare or truck traffic is impacting the view of signal indications on
mast arms.
Page 17
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Safety Issue #4: Sight Lines
Observations:
There are several vertical obstructions, including
a signal post, a utility pole, and a small tree
located on the northeast corner of the intersection,
which block sight lines to the east of the
intersection. These obstructions make it difficult
for Cedar Street southbound vehicles to safely
make a right turn on red. Consequently, the
Town of Hopkinton restricted right turns on red
for the Cedar Street southbound right-turn lane
when signal improvements were made in 2012;
however, this restriction was later removed to
improve intersection operations. Permitting right
A signal post, utility pole, and a small tree
obstruct sight lines to the east of the
turns on red without clear sight lines to the east of
intersection.
the intersection may have contributed to the
occurrence of rear-end crashes on Main Street
westbound. Right turns on red may also conflict with pedestrian movements during the exclusive
pedestrian phase. The Hopkinton Elementary, Middle, and High Schools are located just ¾ mile
south of the intersection, which likely contributes to pedestrian activity at this intersection.
Potential Enhancements:
1. In the short-term, to reduce the risk of angle crashes, consider the safety benefits of
reinstating the No Turn on Red restriction for the Cedar Street southbound approach due to
the limited sight lines to the east. Consider potential pedestrian conflicts of continuing to
allow right turns on red.
2. Consider providing a separate signal indication for the Cedar Street southbound right-turn
lane in the mid-term so that a restriction on right turns on red can be reinforced with a red
arrow. A separate signal indication could be used to allow an overlap right-turn phase
concurrent with the Main Street eastbound left-turn phase, which would ease right-turn
queues caused by restricting right turns on red.
3. If right turns on red continue to be permitted at Cedar Street southbound, remove the small
tree from the northeast corner of the intersection to improve sight lines.
4. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider relocating the signal post and moving
utilities underground to remove sight line obstructions from the northeast corner of the
intersection and making legal right turns on red safer.
Page 18
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Safety Issue #5: Signage
Observations:
Various signage that is not related to traffic
operations is located near the intersection,
contributing to sign clutter and motorist confusion.
This signage includes information signage posted
by the Hopkinton Water Department regarding a
voluntary water ban and signage posted by
businesses. Small signs stating “State Law: Yield
to Pedestrians in Crosswalk -- $100 Fine” are
posted at the corners of the intersections under
guide signage. This signage is inappropriate at
signalized intersections, as the state law applies
only to unsignalized crossings. Signage posted by
Colella’s restricts trucks from turning around
within its parking lot, and is posted at each of the
entrances to Colella’s. This signage may no longer
from the roadway.
Signage posted by the Hopkinton Water
Department may distract motorists from
the roadway near the intersection.
be relevant and distracts motorist attention
Potential Enhancements:
1. Remove unnecessary signage from within the Town of Hopkinton’s right-of-way so that
motorists see only important signage. Work with businesses to move signage away from the
intersection.
Page 19
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Safety Issue #6: Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations
Observations:
Sidewalks, crosswalks, and pedestrian signals are
provided at the intersection. The sidewalk on the
northeast corner of the intersection is in very
poor condition, and other sidewalks are in fair to
poor condition. ADA-compliant pedestrian
ramps are not provided. Team members noted
that the pedestrian push buttons sometimes get
stuck in the winter months, repeatedly triggering
the all-pedestrian phase even when no
pedestrians are present at the intersection.
A team member also commented that pedestrians
ADA-compliant pedestrian ramps are not
provided at the intersection.
show desire to cross the intersection diagonally
by crossing one leg of the intersection during the
walk phase and continuing to cross a second leg of the intersection during the same pedestrian
phase. Pedestrians typically do not complete crossing the second leg of the intersection before
the pedestrian phase is completed.
According to RSA team members, bicycle traffic is somewhat common, and bicyclists are a mix
between commuters and recreational bicyclists. Three crashes that involved bicycles occurred at
the intersection from 2008-2012. One sideswipe bicycle crash occurred along Main Street
westbound; a second was an angle crash between a left-turning Main Street eastbound vehicle and
a Main Street westbound through cyclist; and a third was an angle crash along Cedar Street
northbound, north of the intersection. There are no dedicated bicycle accommodations at the
intersection.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Consider the feasibility of replacing the existing pedestrian push buttons with another, ADAcompliant push button that will not be susceptible to freezing and constantly calling the
pedestrian phase.
2. Consider concurrent pedestrian phasing at the intersection for improved pedestrian operations
and safety.
3. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, construct new sidewalks, including ADAcompliant pedestrian ramps at all crosswalks, at the intersection.
4. In the short term, consider providing shared lane markings and signage at the intersection to
increase awareness of bicyclists in the vicinity of the intersection.
5. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider providing wide shoulders of at least four
feet or bicycle lanes of at least five feet to give cyclists a dedicated space in which to ride.
Page 20
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Safety Issue #7: Education and Enforcement
Observations:
RSA team members stated that, in order to avoid the previously congested Grove Street
northbound, motorists used Pleasant Street to access Main Street west of the intersection. This
has resulted in congestion on Pleasant Street due to a high left-turn volume at the unsignalized
intersection of Main Street/Pleasant Street, and has resulted in crashes that can be severe. RSA
team members stated that it is now faster and safer to use Grove Street after improvements made
in 2012 than to use Pleasant Street to access Main Street. Team members stated that many
motorists use Pleasant Street out of habit, and may not be aware that Grove Street is faster.
Public safety officials also noted that, during off-peak periods, Pleasant Street experiences highspeed traffic on what is a residential roadway.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Consider implementing an education program in the form of newspaper articles or temporary
signage to inform motorists that Grove Street northbound is the faster and safer route to Main
Street eastbound.
2. Consider increasing speed enforcement on Pleasant Street, when possible, to decrease unsafe
driver behavior and reduce the volume of traffic using Pleasant Street.
Page 21
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Potential Safety Enhancements
Based on its observations and discussions, the RSA team identified the issues and possible enhancements
that could improve safety at West Main Street at Main Street/Wood Street (Route 135) and Main Street
(Route 135) at Grove Street/Cedar Street (Route 85) in Hopkinton, MA.
Short-term enhancements include, but are not limited to:
• Improved signage and pavement markings;
• Restrict left-turns at Colella’s Supermarket;
• Remove sign clutter;
• Provide retroreflective backplates;
• Provide adequate clearance intervals; and
•
Repair dysfunctional signal indications.
To enhance the safety of the corridor, the long-term enhancements are to:
• Provide a left-turn lane on the West Main Street eastbound approach to Wood Street;
• Provide a post-mounted signal at the West Main Street eastbound stop line;
• Restrict left turns into and out of Colella’s using a median or channelization island;
• Provide post-mounted signals to reduce glare at the intersection of Main Street at Grove
Street/Cedar Street;
• Provide ADA-compliant pedestrian accommodations; and
• Provide bicycle accommodations.
Table 2 summarizes these safety issues, possible enhancements, estimated safety payoff, time frame, cost,
and responsibility. Safety payoff estimates are based on engineering judgment and are categorized as
low, medium, and high. The time frame is categorized as short-term (<1 year), mid-term (1 to 3 years),
or long-term (typically >3 years).
The costs are categorized as low (<$10,000), medium ($10,000 to $50,000), or high (>$50,000). It is the
responsibility of MassDOT to ensure that the designer incorporates the relevant safety enhancements
identified as part of this RSA. The RSA is intended to identify potential safety improvements that can be
evaluated and included as part of the design process for future reconstruction efforts. The short-term lowcost potential improvements could be considered by the responsible agency for implementation prior to
reconstruction.
Page 22
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location A
Safety Issue
Intersection
Geometry
Safety Enhancement
In the short-term, consider restriping the West Main Street
eastbound stop line using a more durable and visible material,
such as retroreflective thermoplastic or recessed markings so
that the stop line is more visible at night and during the winter
months and more durable.
Replace the existing “Stop Here on Red” sign with an oversized
sign for added visibility.
Consider the feasibility of increasing the radius (even if only by a
small amount) between Wood Street and West Main Street to
facilitate truck turns, which will allow the stop line to be placed
closer to the intersection and to help reduce motorists confusion
along West Main Street eastbound. Consider the potential
added benefit this improvement may yield at reducing cutthrough truck traffic through Elm Street.
Consider removing the small raised island at the Wood Street
southbound approach to give trucks additional room to make
turns and allow the West Main Street eastbound stop line to be
moved closer to the intersection.
Re-evaluate the placement of the West Main Street eastbound
signal indications with respect to the stop line. Consider
motorist cone of vision, appropriateness of positioning the
indications closer to the stop line to provide more of an incentive
for motorists to stop at the line, and the appropriateness of
placing a post-mounted signal indication at the stop bar to
reinforce the location of the stop bar to motorists.
Verify that clearance intervals for all approaches to the
intersection are accurate, especially the West Main Street
eastbound approach, where the stop line is offset 100 feet from
the intersection.
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
Medium
Short-term
Medium
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Medium
Long-term
Medium
Town of
Hopkinton/abutters
Medium
Mid-term
Medium
Town of Hopkinton
High
Long-term
High
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Page 23
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location A (continued)
Safety Issue
Intersection
Geometry
Traffic Signal
Indications
Safety Enhancement
Consider the appropriateness of adding a dedicated left-turn lane to
the West Main Street eastbound approach to reduce blockage of
through traffic by left-turning vehicles, reducing congestion and
driver frustration. Additional through lanes along this approach may
impact safety at Meserve Street, and this impact should be
evaluated.
Restripe the box pavement markings with more durable
thermoplastic markings. Consider supplementing the markings with
“Do Not Block Intersection” signage.
Place flexible delineators along the edge of the asphalt bulb-out
along the Main Street westbound approach to increase visibility.
Consider object marker objects given in Section 2C.63 of the
MUTCD.
Replace the Main Street westbound signal indications that have
dimmed or are no longer functional with LED indications to increase
visibility for motorists and reduce the occurrence of rear-end
crashes.
Install backplates with retroreflective edges on all signal heads to
reduce solar glare and increase visibility during low light conditions,
respectively.
Consider placing vehicle detection within the intersection so that
additional time may be provided to the West Main Street eastbound
approach if a vehicle is traveling through the intersection as the
signal is about to turn yellow.
Repair “DON’T WALK” pedestrian indications which were
inoperative at the time of the audit.
As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, upgrade pedestrian
indications to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
High
Long-term
High
Town of
Hopkinton/abutters
Low
Short-term
Medium
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Mid-term
Medium
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Medium
Long-term
Medium
Town of Hopkinton
Page 24
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location A (continued)
Safety Issue
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Consider restriping all pavement markings using a more durable and
visible material such as retroreflective thermoplastic or pavement
tape so that they last longer and are more visible at night and during Medium
the winter months. Consider the durability and functionality of
decorative crosswalks that use paint, stamped concrete, etc.
Short-term
Medium
Town of Hopkinton
Provide pedestrian warning signage at the unsignalized crosswalk at
Commonwealth Avenue.
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Safety Enhancement
Trim back trees, as appropriate, so that roadway signage is visible to
motorists.
Signage and
Pavement
Markings
Low
Page 25
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 3. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location B
Safety Issue
Access
Management
Intersection
Geometry
Traffic Signal
Indications
Safety Enhancement
In the short term, consider restricting left turns into and out of
the Colella’s driveway on Main Street using signage and
pavement markings to reduce the occurrence of courtesy
crashes.
In the long term, consider restricting left turns into and out of
the Colella’s Main Street driveway by constructing a median on
Main Street using a channelization island that would force right­
in/right-out operation.
As part of long-term planning efforts, the Town of Hopkinton
should work with Middlesex Savings Bank to identify an
alternate location for the drive-up ATM within the Colella’s
Supermarket lot to encourage motorists to exit the Colella’s lot
from the Grove Street exit.
Consider placing a painted median island in the Grove Street
northbound approach upstream of the left-turn lane to guide
vehicles into the through/right-turn lane and force motorists to
make a conscious decision to enter the left-turn lane.
Provide graphic lane use signage along the Grove Street
northbound approach and on the mast arm to raise awareness
of the lane use at the intersection.
Consider the appropriateness of providing lane extension
pavement markings within the intersection for the Grove Street
northbound left-turn lane to reinforce to motorists that the lane
is for left turns only.
In the long term, consider ways to modify the geometry of the
intersection to eliminate the offset between Grove Street and
Cedar Street.
Consider placing post-mounted signal indications at the Main
Street eastbound and westbound approaches to the
intersection to give motorists a second location to look if glare
or truck traffic is impacting the view of signal indications on
mast arms.
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
Medium
Short-term
Low
Town of
Hopkinton/Colella’s
High
Long-term
Medium
Town of
Hopkinton/Colella’s
Low
Long-term
Low
Town of
Hopkinton/Colella’s/
Middlesex Savings
Bank
Medium
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
High
Long-term
High
Town of Hopkinton
Medium
Long-term
High
Town of Hopkinton
Page 26
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 3. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location B (continued)
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
In the short-term, to reduce the risk of angle crashes, consider
the safety benefits of reinstating the No Turn on Red restriction
for the Cedar Street southbound approach due to the limited
sight lines to the east. Consider potential pedestrian conflicts of
continuing to allow right turns on red.
Consider providing a separate signal indication for the Cedar
Street southbound right-turn lane in the mid-term so that a
restriction on right turns on red can be reinforced with a red
arrow. A separate signal indication could be used to allow an
overlap right-turn phase concurrent with the Main Street
Sight lines
eastbound left-turn phase, which would ease right-turn queues
caused by restricting right turns on red.
If right turns on red continue to be permitted at Cedar Street
southbound, remove the small tree from the northeast corner of
the intersection to improve sight lines.
As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider relocating
the signal post and moving utilities underground to remove sight
line obstructions from the northeast corner of the intersection
and making legal right turns on red safer.
Remove unnecessary signage from within the Town of
Hopkinton’s right-of-way so that motorists see only important
Signage
signage. Work with businesses to move signage away from the
intersection.
Consider the feasibility of replacing the existing pedestrian push
buttons with another, ADA-compliant push button that will not be
susceptible to freezing and constantly calling the pedestrian
phase.
Pedestrian and
Bicycle
Consider concurrent pedestrian phasing at the intersection for
Accommodations improved pedestrian operations and safety.
As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, construct new
sidewalks, including ADA-compliant pedestrian ramps at all
crosswalks, at the intersection.
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
Medium
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Mid-term
Medium
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Medium
Long-term
High
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Medium
Town of Hopkinton
Medium
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Medium
Long-term
High
Town of Hopkinton
Page 27
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 3. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements: Location B (continued)
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
In the short term, consider providing shared lane markings and
signage at the intersection to increase awareness of bicyclists in
Pedestrian and
the vicinity of the intersection.
Bicycle
As
part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider providing
Accommodations
wide shoulders of at least four feet or bicycle lanes of at least
five feet to give cyclists a dedicated space in which to ride.
Consider implementing an education program in the form of
newspaper articles or temporary signage to inform motorists that
Grove Street northbound is the faster and safer route to Main
Education and
Street eastbound.
Enforcement
Consider increasing speed enforcement on Pleasant Street,
when possible, to decrease unsafe driver behavior and reduce
the volume of traffic using Pleasant Street.
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Medium
Long-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Medium
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Hopkinton
Page 28
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda
Road Safety Audit
Hopkinton, MA
Route 135 at W. Main Street and
Route 135 at Route 85 (Cedar Street)
Meeting Location: Police Training Room
74 Main Street, Hopkinton, MA
Friday, March 7, 2014
10:00 AM – 12:30 PM
Type of meeting:
High Crash Locations – Road Safety Audit
Attendees:
Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team
Please bring:
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
10:00 AM
Welcome and Introductions
10:15 AM
Discussion of Safety Issues
• Crash History, Speed Regulations – provided in advance
• Existing Geometries and Conditions
11:00 AM
Site Visit
• Walk/Drive to the intersections of Route 135 / Route 85 and Route 135 / W.
Main Street
• As a group, identify areas for improvement
11:30 AM
Discussion of Potential Improvements
• Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas
• Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations
12:30 PM
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:
• Before attending the RSA on March 7th, participants are encouraged to drive/walk
through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List
with a focus on safety.
• All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.
• After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Participating Audit Team Members
Date:
Friday, March 7, 2014
Location: Hopkinton Police Department
Audit Team Members Agency/Affiliation
E-mail Address
John K. Westerling
Hopkinton DPW
jwesterling@hopkintonma.gov
David Daltorio
Hopkinton Town Engineer
ddaltorio@hopkintonma.gov
Elaine Lazarus
Hopkinton Planning Department
elainel@hopkintonma.gov
Tom Griffin
Hopkinton Police
tgriffin@hopkintonpd.org
Ken Clark
Hopkinton Fire
chief@hopkintonfd.org
Seth Asante
Boston Region MPO
sasante@ctps.org
Mike Wasielewski
BETA Group, Inc.
mwasielewski@beta-inc.com
Joe Frawley
MassDOT District 3
joseph.frawley@state.ma.us
Lola Campbell
MassDOT District 3
alolade.campbell@state.ma.us
Robert Kimungu
MassDOT Highway Division
robert.kimungu@state.ma.us
Corey O’Connor
MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section
corey.oconnor@state.ma.us
Lisa Schletzbaum
MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section
lisa.schletzbaum@state.ma.us
Mike Tremblay
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates
mtremblay@hshassoc.com
Joe SanClemente
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates
js@hshassoc.com
Phone Number
508-497-9740
508-497-9730
508-497-9755
508-497-3401
508-497-2325
617-973-7098
781-255-1982
508-929-3916
508-929-3887
857-368-9344
857-368-9638
857-368-9634
508-348-3347
508-348-3334
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data
Crash Data Summary Table
West Main Street (Route 135) @ Wood Street (Route 135), Hopkinton, MA
2008-2012
Crash
Diagram
Ref #
1
Crash
Date
Time of Day
m/d/y
Light Condition
#
Type
1 Daylight
Weather
Condition
#
Type
1 Clear
3/10/08
2:00 PM
Manner of Collision
#
Type
2 Rear-end
2
3
4
5
5/22/08
3/4/09
3/4/09
6/20/09
9:28 AM
7:10 AM
12:45 PM
10:35 AM
3
2
2
2
Angle
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
1
1
1
1
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
1
1
1
2
6
7
8
9
9/14/09
2/16/20
2/16/10
9:30 PM
8:00 AM
12:14 PM
2
1
2
4
Rear-end
Single Vehicle Crash
Rear-end
Sideswipe, same direction
4
1
1
10
11
12
11/8/11 5:29 PM
5/25/12 3:10 PM
11/21/12 8:35 AM
2
2
2
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1/15/08
6/16/08
8/25/08
11/12/08
3/30/10
1/8/10
5/19/10
12/9/10
3:20 PM
12:06 PM
6:05 PM
8:02 AM
3:17 PM
4:20 PM
9:18 AM
2:52 PM
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
21
22
11/8/11
3/18/08
5:29 PM
7:09 AM
2
2
23
4/11/08
6:30 PM
5
Sideswipe, opposite direction
3
Dusk
1
Clear
24
25
26
6/12/09
7/18/09
8/4/09
12:04 PM
7:30 AM
9:11 AM
2
2
2
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
1
1
1
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
2
3
1
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
11/23/09
1/21/10
5/15/10
5/25/10
12/9/10
3/17/11
7/14/11
9/22/11
11/30/11
4:45 PM
10:45 AM
4:31 PM
12:20 PM
2:40 PM
9:00 AM
2:49 PM
1:22 PM
6:44 AM
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Rear-end
Rear-end
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dark - lighted roadway
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Road Surface
#
Type
3 Snow
1
Clear
Clear
Clear
Cloudy
1
1
1
Dry
Dry
Dry
3
19
19
1
Driver Contributing Code
Type
No Improper Driving
Disregarded traffic signs, signals,
road markings
Inattention
Inattention
No Improper Driving
Dark - lighted roadway 1
Daylight
2
Daylight
4
Clear
Cloudy
Snow
1
3
3
Dry
Snow
Snow
1
7
11
No Improper Driving
Driving too fast for conditions
slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-
4
1
1
Dark - lighted roadway 1
Daylight
1
Daylight
1
Clear
Clear
Clear
1
1
1
19
1
19
Inattention
No Improper Driving
Inattention
7/1/1989
6/17/1995
12/16/1989
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Angle
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Rain
Clear
Rain
Clear
5
1
1
Dry
Dry
Dry
Sand, mud, dirt,
oil, gravel
Dry
Dry
2
1
2
1
Wet
Dry
Wet
Dry
19
4
19
4
19
4
1
6
Inattention
Failed to yield right of way
Inattention
Failed to yield right of way
Inattention
Failed to yield right of way
No Improper Driving
Made an improper turn
4/23/1981
1/5/1987
1/4/1928 10/10/1987
12/2/1921 5/17/1991
6/17/1951 1/19/1963
2/23/1981 8/15/1992
1/1/1976 1/12/1980
1/2/1980 2/26/1975
11/16/1986 2/25/1969
Rear-end
Rear-end
4
1
Dark - lighted roadway 1
Daylight
1
Clear
Clear
1
Dry
19
19
Inattention
Inattention
7/1/1989
12/18/1989
7
Driving too fast for conditions
1/29/1956
Cloudy
Rain
Clear
1
2
1
Dry
Wet
Dry
1
19
19
No Improper Driving
Inattention
Inattention
3
1
1
1
1
Rain
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
2
1
1
1
1
Wet
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
1
1
1
Clear
Clear
Clear
1
1
1
Dry
Dry
Dry
97
19
20
19
19
4
19
19
19
Other improper action
Inattention
Distracted
Inattention
Inattention
Failed to yield right of way
Inattention
Inattention
Inattention
#
DOB
DOB
8/4/1986
4/9/1954
DOB
Ages
DOB
Comments
D1
D2
D3
D4
21
53
V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, possible injury.
86
44
16
44
19
18
43
49
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
44 V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, possible injury.
V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, possible injury.
39
88
41
17
22
16
22
59
33
23
26
80
86
57
29
34
30
24
21
20
17
45
17
29
35
41
3/22/1952
4/30/1962
22
18
59
45
4/12/1990
52
17
4/29/1948 4/14/1967 4/13/1968 #####
2/23/1961 7/29/1981
5/3/1964 11/13/1951
61
48
45
42
27
57
9/26/1977 1/23/1960
6/17/1969 4/20/1960
2/25/1993
3/2/1993
9/18/1965 12/9/1989
8/20/1957 12/16/1976
7/24/1970 1/19/1925
7/16/1961 12/9/1981
9/27/1969 9/13/1952
9/10/1970
5/8/1982
32
40
17
44
53
40
49
41
41
49
49
17
20
33
86
29
59
29
4/20/1922
12/30/1964
8/15/1992
1/29/1965
1/20/1989
2/9/1991
1/17/1966 9/13/1966 #####
6/8/1960 1/23/1967
9/23/1969 4/11/1992
1/25/1932
2/15/1969 12/17/1977
3/22/1952
12/7/1978
8/31/1989
5/6/1984
42
42
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V1 hit a sign, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
32
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
23
V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
41
V1 cut off V3, lost control and sideswiped V2, possible injury.
V3 rear-ended V2, causing V2 to rear-end V1, causing V1 to rear-end V4, 2
47 injuries.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, possible injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury.
V1 backed up into V2 at an angle, no injury.
V1 backed up into V2, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
West Main Street (Route 135) @ Wood Street (Route 135), Hopkinton, MA
CRASH MONTH
25%
20%
20%
17%
14%
15%
10%
9%
9%
6%
6%
6%
6%
6%
3%
5%
0%
0%
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
CRASH DAY OF WEEK
30%
20%
26%
20%
17%
14%
11%
9%
10%
3%
0%
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CRASH TIME OF DAY
30%
20%
20%
17%
20%
17%
11%
10%
0%
6%
6AM- 8AM
8AM10AM
10AM12PM
6%
12PM- 2PM- 4PM4PM- 6PM6PM- 8PM
2PM
3%
8PM10PM
0% 0% 0% 0%
10PM12AM
12AM- 2AM- 4AM4AM- 6AM
2AM
CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION
80%
66%
60%
40%
20%
0%
26%
3%
Single
Vehicle
Crash
Main at Wood-2008-2012.xlsx
3%
Rear-end
Angle
3%
Sideswipe, Sideswipe,
opposite
same
direction
direction
1 of 2
0%
0%
0%
Head on Rear to Rear Unknown
1/31/2014
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
West Main Street (Route 135) @ Wood Street (Route 135), Hopkinton, MA
CRASH LIGHT CONDITION
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
80%
85%
Daylight
0%
3%
Dawn
Dusk
12%
Dark Lighted
Roadway
0%
0%
0%
0%
Dark Roadway
not lighted
Dark unknown
roadway
lighting
Other
Unknown
CRASH WEATHER CONDITION
76%
60%
0%
0%
Severe
Crosswinds
Fog, Smog,
Smoke
0%
0%
Unknown
Sleet, Hail,
Freezing
Rain
0%
Other
0%
Blowing
sand, snow
3%
Snow
12%
Rain
0%
9%
Clear
20%
Cloudy
40%
CRASH ROAD SURFACE
80%
72%
60%
40%
14%
20%
0%
Dry
Wet
10%
3%
0%
Snow
Ice
0%
Sand, mud, Water
dirt, oil, (standing,
moving)
gravel
0%
0%
0%
Slush
Other
Unknown
CRASH DRIVER AGES
40%
33%
30%
20%
22%
15%
11%
11%
10%
0%
15-20
Main at Wood-2008-2012.xlsx
21-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
2 of 2
7%
1%
0%
60-69
70-79
80+
1/31/2014
Crash Data Summary Table
Main Street (Route 135) @ Cedar/Grove Street (Route 85), Hopkinton, MA
2008-2012
Crash
Diagram
Ref #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Crash
Date
Time of Day
m/d/y
#
Manner of Collision
Type
#
1/23/08
4/30/08
7/26/08
4/3/08
7/11/08
8/13/08
9/27/08
3
4
2
3
3
2
5
Angle
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Rear-end
Sideswipe, opposite direction
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6:44 AM
9:00 AM
8:58 AM
7:52 AM
12:03 PM
10:55 AM
9:56 AM
Light Condition
Type
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
#
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
Weather
Condition
Type
Road Surface
Type
3
4
1
4
1
Failed to yield right of way
No Improper Driving
Failed to yield right of way
No Improper Driving
1
19
19
10
No Improper Driving
Inattention
Inattention
Disregarded traffic signs, signals,
road markings
Failed to yield right of way
Operating Vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent, or aggressive
manner
4
16
99
8
18
19
4
4
20
99
Failed to yield right of way
Illness
Unknown
Wrong side or wrong way
Visibility Obstructed
Inattention
Failed to yield right of way
Failed to yield right of way
Distracted
Unknown
19
4
19
20
4
19
Inattention
Failed to yield right of way
Inattention
Distracted
Failed to yield right of way
Inattention
Dry
Dry
Wet
Dry
Dry
Dry
99
4
4
1
4
19
1
Dry
3
Unknown
Failed to yield right of way
Failed to yield right of way
No Improper Driving
Failed to yield right of way
Inattention
Disregarded traffic signs, signals,
road markings
1
1
1
1
1
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
4
19
4
19
19
Failed to yield right of way
Inattention
Failed to yield right of way
Inattention
Inattention
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Rain
1
Dry
2
2
Wet
Wet
1
Dry
8
10/10/08 2:18 PM
3
Angle
1
Daylight
1
Clear
9
12/4/08
3
Angle
1
Daylight
2
Cloudy
10:40 AM
Driver Contributing Code
Type
Disregarded traffic signs, signals,
road markings
Inattention
Failed to yield right of way
Failed to yield right of way
Failed to yield right of way
Followed too closely
Failed to yield right of way
Failure to keep in proper lane or
running off road
Disregarded traffic signs, signals,
road markings
Disregarded traffic signs, signals,
road markings
#
#
3
19
4
4
4
5
4
9
3
10
1/8/09
5:17 PM
3
Angle
4
Dark - lighted roadway 1
Clear
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1/20/09
2/27/09
2/25/09
4/6/09
6/7/09
9/24/09
11/13/09
12/2/09
7:50 PM
4:18 PM
4:20 PM
5:18 PM
12:19 PM
11:45 AM
12:08 PM
2:28 PM
6
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
Head on
Single Vehicle Crash
Angle
Angle
Angle
Angle
Rear-end
Rear-end
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dark - lighted roadway
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
Clear
Clear
Clear
Rain
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
Dry
Dry
Wet
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
19
20
9/10/10
1/15/10
9:15 AM
2:22 PM
2
3
Rear-end
Angle
1
1
Daylight
Daylight
1
1
Clear
Clear
1
1
Dry
Dry
3
4
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
1/19/09
2/16/10
3/4/10
3/5/10
3/10/10
4/21/10
5/7/10
5/13/10
5/21/10
6/6/10
6/18/10
6/20/10
7/14/10
7/26/10
8/11/10
8/18/10
9/1/10
9/10/10
11/20/10
5:45 PM
7:52 AM
7:10 AM
11:10 AM
12:25 PM
9:54 AM
6:55 PM
1:26 PM
12:42 PM
4:35 PM
2:45 PM
1:44 PM
11:30 AM
7:12 PM
2:03 PM
12:17 PM
2:40 PM
2:14 PM
2:45 PM
6
3
5
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
4
2
2
3
2
Head on
Angle
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Angle
Angle
Angle
Angle
Angle
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
Rear-end
Angle
Rear-end
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dark - lighted roadway
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
Snow
Snow
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Rain
Clear
Clear
Rain
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wet
Snow
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Wet
Dry
Dry
Wet
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
40
41
42
43
44
45
11/30/10
12/2/10
1/25/11
6/17/11
7/24/11
8/23/11
5:24 PM
2:02 PM
12:25 PM
8:20 PM
10:44 AM
5:25 PM
3
5
3
4
3
2
Angle
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Angle
Sideswipe, same direction
Angle
Rear-end
4
1
1
3
1
1
Dark - lighted roadway
Daylight
Daylight
Dusk
Daylight
Daylight
1
1
2
2
1
1
Clear
Clear
Cloudy
Cloudy
Clear
Clear
1
1
2
1
1
1
46
3/6/12
8:15 AM
4
Sideswipe, same direction
1
1
Clear
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
5/25/12
6/8/12
9/14/12
5/18/09
7/11/09
8:25 PM
2:33 PM
9:13 AM
1:59 PM
4:30 PM
3
2
3
4
1
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Sideswipe, same direction
Single Vehicle Crash
5
1
1
1
1
Daylight
Dark - roadway not
lighted
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
1
1
1
1
1
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
7
Slush
DOB
DOB
DOB
Ages
DOB
9/10/1937 2/11/1987
4/27/1951 11/12/1964
12/28/1991
1/2/1963
2/3/1951 8/23/1961
4/29/1969
31503
8/26/1966 2/20/1950
5/12/1966 6/15/1968
Comments
D1
70
57
16
57
39
41
42
D2
D3
D4
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V1 hit V2 at angle causing V1 to hit parked V3, no injury.
V1 struck V2 at an angle, injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury.
20
43
45
46
22
58
40
4/17/1991
6/27/1959
17
49
V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury.
5/7/1974
3/17/1928
34
80
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
4/19/1961
7/3/1954
47
54
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
12/27/1955
1/23/1945
12/7/1964
5/16/1947
12/23/1923
6/3/1976
3/19/1975
11/20/1960
1/19/1987
22
1/3/1990
8/15/1951
5/30/1935
7/21/1986
1/22/1968
1/12/1993
53
64
44
61
85
33
34
49
19
57
74
23
41
16
V2 hit V1 front head on, possible injury.
V1 hit a telephone pole, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 sideswiped V1, no injury.
V1 hit bycyclist.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
1/9/1954
1/20/1990
1/17/1964
56
19
45
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
1/1/1962
4/2/1935
1/1/1956
8/21/1979
1/3/1955
6/25/1956
1/1/1992
1/9/1959
1/24/1930
1/28/1970
1/10/1987
4/3/1978
2/3/1942
1/2/1967
5/13/1964
1/25/1989
1/30/1970
1/17/1964
2/18/1965
7/1/1960
4/4/1976
1/1/1993
1/1/1987
1/1/1928
1/5/1955
1/24/1976
1/2/1926
7/29/1987
1/2/1970
1/21/1990
1/14/1985
1/7/1960
1/27/1926
2/5/1936
1/1/1965
3/30/1951
7/20/1968
9/5/1945
47
74
54
30
55
53
18
51
80
40
23
32
68
43
46
21
40
46
45
48
33
17
23
82
55
34
84
22
40
20
25
50
84
74
45
59
42
65
V2 hit V1 head on, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 sideswiped V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, injury.
V1 hit V2 at an angle/sideswipe, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at and angle, no injury.
V1 hit V2 at an angle/sideswipe, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
1/6/1982
2/10/1947
8/22/1965
11/3/1995
8/3/1967
4/5/1955
2/12/1970
8/26/1952
1/6/1958
3/4/1959
40
58
53
52
12/7/1941
28
63
45
15
43
56
12/19/1988
1/12/1948
23
64
V2 sideswiped V1, no injury.
8/14/1992
8/1/1992
11/30/1959 12/19/1994
8/1/1991 1/25/1996
1/26/1947 11/20/1973
3/6/1965
9/6/1965
19
52
21
62
44
19
17
16
35
43
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 sideswiped V1, no injury.
Bicyclist hit V1 at an angle, possible injury.
5/9/1993
69
17
V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury.
V1 hit V2 at an angle, no injury.
V2 hit V1 at an angle, no injury.
V2 sideswiped V1, no injury.
V1 hit oncoming cyclist, injury.
V2 rear-ended V1, possible injury.
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
Main Street (Route 135) @ Cedar/Grove Street (Route 85), Hopkinton, MA
CRASH MONTH
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
12%
12%
12%
12%
10%
8%
8%
8%
6%
6%
6%
N
D
2%
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
CRASH DAY OF WEEK
28%
30%
22%
20%
14%
12%
10%
0%
8%
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
8%
8%
Saturday
Sunday
CRASH TIME OF DAY
30%
20%
10%
0%
8%
6AM- 8AM
14% 12%
20% 20% 18%
6% 4%
8AM10AM
10AM12PM
12PM- 2PM- 4PM4PM- 6PM6PM- 8PM
2PM
8PM10PM
0% 0% 0% 0%
10PM12AM
12AM- 2AM- 4AM4AM- 6AM
2AM
CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
53%
24%
10%
4%
Single
Vehicle
Crash
Rear-end
Main at Cedar-Grove-2008-2012.xlsx
Angle
6%
Sideswipe, Sideswipe,
opposite
same
direction
direction
1 of 2
4%
Head on
0%
0%
Rear to Rear Unknown
1/31/2014
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
Main Street (Route 135) @ Cedar/Grove Street (Route 85), Hopkinton, MA
CRASH LIGHT CONDITION
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
88%
Daylight
0%
2%
Dawn
Dusk
8%
Dark Lighted
Roadway
2%
0%
0%
0%
Dark Roadway
not lighted
Dark unknown
roadway
lighting
Other
Unknown
CRASH WEATHER CONDITION
0%
0%
Other
0%
Unknown
0%
Severe
Crosswinds
0%
Blowing
sand, snow
0%
Fog, Smog,
Smoke
Rain
4%
Sleet, Hail,
Freezing
Rain
8%
Snow
6%
Cloudy
82%
Clear
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
CRASH ROAD SURFACE
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
80%
16%
Dry
Wet
2%
0%
Snow
Ice
0%
0%
Sand, mud, Water
dirt, oil, (standing,
moving)
gravel
2%
0%
0%
Slush
Other
Unknown
CRASH DRIVER AGES
28%
30%
20%
19%
13%
13%
10%
0%
15-20
21-29
Main at Cedar-Grove-2008-2012.xlsx
9%
30-39
8%
40-49
50-59
2 of 2
60-69
4%
70-79
6%
80+
1/31/2014
Road Safety Audit
Route 135 at West Main Street and Route 135 at Route 85, Hopkinton, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Appendix D. Additional Information