ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
U.S. Route 20 Corridor
from Riverside Road to John Street
City of Springfield
December 15, 2015
Prepared For:
MassDOT Highway Division
Prepared By:
Nitsch Engineering
2 Center Plaza, Suite 430
Boston, MA 02108
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table of Contents
Project Data ................................................................................................................................. 1
Background ................................................................................................................................. 3
Project Location and Description .............................................................................................. 3
Audit Observations ................................................................................................................... 14
Potential Safety Enhancements ............................................................................................... 30
Summary of Road Safety Audit ............................................................................................... 35
List of Tables
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members ........................................................................................ 1
Table 2. Time Frame and Costs Breakdown ....................................................................................... 35
Tables 3 – 6. Potential Safety Enhancement Summaries…………………………………………36-41
List of Figures
Figure L-1: Locus Map ........................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 1: Audit Study Area Map ........................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2: Study Intersection 1................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3: Study Intersection 2.............................................................................................................. 10
Figure 4: Study Intersection 3.............................................................................................................. 11
Figure 5: Study Intersection 4.............................................................................................................. 12
Figure 6: Study Intersection 5.............................................................................................................. 13
List of Appendices
Appendix A: RSA Meeting Agenda
Appendix B: RSA Audit Team Contact List
Appendix C: Detailed Crash Data
Appendix D: Volume Data
Appendix E: Road Safety Audit References
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Project Data
Nitsch Engineering has been retained by TEC, Inc. on behalf of BlueTarp reDevelopment, LLC to
complete a series of Road Safety Audits (RSAs) for the Massachusetts Department of Transportation
(MassDOT), which are associated with the design of a proposed MGM casino redevelopment in
Springfield, Massachusetts. MassDOT requested RSAs for eight locations in the vicinity of the project
site, which is located in the City of Springfield and bounded by State Street to the north, Union Street to
the south, Main Street to the east, and East Columbus Avenue to the west. The Locus Map of the study
area, including the proposed project site and the eight RSA locations, is shown in Figure L-1.
This report outlines the seventh of the eight locations, referred to as the “U.S. Route 20 Corridor”. The
U.S. Route 20 Corridor is roughly 0.5 miles in length, located approximately 1 mile north of the project
site, and includes the following intersections:





U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Company Driveway
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street
U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps
Plainfield Street at Interstate 91 (I-91) Northbound Ramps
Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George Cathedral’s Driveway
The RSA for the U.S. Route 20 Corridor occurred on Monday, November 23, 2015. As indicated in Table
1 below, the audit team consisted of representatives from the City of Springfield, MassDOT Traffic
Operations and Highway Safety, MassDOT District 2, Pioneer Valley Planning Commission, and TEC,
Inc. The group observed operations with respect to safety at the study intersections and this report
documents the audit team’s findings. The RSA agenda can be found in Appendix A. Contact information
for the team members can be found in Appendix B.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Name
Jane Davis
Jeff Bandini
Samuel Gregorio
Kevin Dandrade
John Mastera
William Ullom
Dmitriy Mayboroda
Khyati Parmar
Luke Hayes
Laura Hanson
Matthew Sokop
Sgt. Mel K. Kwatowski
Agency/Affiliation
Nitsch Engineering
Nitsch Engineering
TEC, Inc.
TEC, Inc.
MassDOT Highway Safety
MassDOT Traffic Operations
Fuss & O’Neill (representing City of Springfield)
Pioneer Valley Planning Commission
MassDOT District 2 – Traffic
MassDOT District 2 – Projects
Springfield Department of Public Works
Springfield Police Department
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure L-1: Locus Map
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
Location 7: U.S. Route 20 Corridor
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Background
The Road Safety Audit (RSA) is one of the first steps in the design process as well as a necessary step for
the project to be eligible to receive Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) federal funds for
construction, if applicable. Due to the nature of these RSAs in relation to the proposed MGM Casino
redevelopment, not all locations are HSIP eligible, however, they have been deemed high crash locations.
For U.S. Route 20 Corridor, the following intersections are eligible for HSIP funding:



U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street
Plainfield Street at Interstate 91 (I-91) Northbound Ramps
Plainfield Street at John Street
The goal of the RSA is to identify potential safety issues that can be addressed with short-term
improvements, immediately or in the near future, and long-term improvements that can be incorporated
into a future design project.
The RSA is a multidisciplinary collaborative process by state, municipal, law enforcement, public works,
and design consultants. The process involves conducting a meeting to discuss current crash data and
safety issues at the site, visiting the site to discuss possible solutions that would improve safety, and
preparing a written report that outlines the safety issues discussed along with the costs and timeline for
implementing improvements.
Project Location and Description
The Audit Study Area Map of U.S. Route 20 is shown in Figure 1. The existing conditions for each study
intersection are described below and aerial maps of the study intersections is shown in Figures 2 through
6.
The U.S. Route 20 Corridor is roughly 0.5 miles in length and located approximately one mile north of
the proposed MGM site. The roadway is classified as an urban principal arterial that runs in an east-west
direction through the audit area. Within Massachusetts, U.S. Route 20 runs from the western border of the
state in the Town of Pittsfield, through the study area, where it coincides with West Street and Plainfield
Street along the study corridor, and diverges from Plainfield Street at the Birnie Avenue ramps for I-291,
to its eastern terminus in the City of Boston. In the vicinity of the study area, West Street is approximately
0.5 miles long and runs in an east-west direction, with its western terminus at the rotary with Route 5 and
Park Street in the City of West Springfield, and its eastern terminus at the intersection with Avocado
Street, where West Street becomes Plainfield Street. Plainfield Street is approximately two miles long and
runs in a general north-south direction, with its northern terminus at Center Street and its southern
terminus at Main Street. Within the study area, the U.S. Route 20 Corridor has no posted speed limit,
however, the City notes a 30 mile per hour (mph) speed limit unless otherwise posted. U.S. Route 20
Corridor is maintained by the City of Springfield with the exception of the sections of roadway in the
vicinity of the Birnie Avenue ramps, the I-91 Northbound ramps, and the bridge over I-91, which are
maintained by MassDOT.
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U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Co. Driveway
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) and Riverside Road intersect to form a three-way signalized intersection,
with U.S. Route 20 (West Street) approaching from the east and west, Riverside Road approaching from
the north, and Basset Boat Co. Driveway approaching from the south under assumed “STOP” control.
Approaching from the east, U.S. Route 20 (West Street) consists of two through lanes and one exclusive
left-turn lane, separated by a yellow hatched gore area from two departure lanes. Approaching from the
west, U.S. Route 20 (West Street) consists of one shared through/right-turn lane and one through lane
separated by a yellow hatched gore area from two departure lanes. Approaching from the north, Riverside
Road permits one-way travel towards the intersection and consists of one exclusive right-turn lane.
Approaching from the south, Bassett Boat Co. Driveway permits two-way travel on the one lane
entrance/exit driveway.
Riverside Road is classified as an urban collector that runs in a north-south direction through the audit
area. Riverside Road is approximately one mile long, with its northern terminus at Plainfield Street and its
southern terminus at the study intersection. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has
a posted speed limit of 30 miles per hour (mph).
The Connecticut River Walk and Bikeway is 3.7 miles long and runs from the City of Chicopee to the
South End Bridge in Springfield. The bikeway passes through the study area, with an entrance at the
intersection of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) and Riverside Road. The Connecticut River Walk and
Bikeway is part of the Springfield Floodwall Protection System and is monitored by the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers.
TEC, Inc. evaluated the last four years of available crash data (2011 – 2014) from the City of Springfield
to establish a crash rate at the intersection to compare to the average Statewide crash rate1 of 0.80 per
Million Entering Vehicles (MEV), and the average crash rate for District 2, which includes the City of
Springfield, of 0.82 per MEV, for signalized intersections.
For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 15 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of
0.29 per MEV, which is below both the Statewide and District 2 averages. In terms of severity, seven
crashes reported personal injury. Of the 15 total crashes, 13 crashes were of rear-end type, the majority of
which were in both directions along U.S. Route 20 (West Street).
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street
U.S. Route 20 (West Street), Plainfield Street, and Avocado Street intersect to form a four-way signalized
intersection, with U.S. Route 20 (West Street) approaching from the west, U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield
Street) approaching from the east, Plainfield Street approaching from the north, and Avocado Street
approaching from the south.
Approaching from the west, U.S. Route 20 (West Street) consists of one shared through/right, which
diverges just west of the intersection into a through lane and a channelized exclusive right-turn lane under
1
2010 Average Crash Rates, per Million Entering Vehicles, by Intersection Type, MassDOT, Highway Division
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Nitsch Engineering 11214
“YIELD” control, a through-only lane, and an exclusive left-turn lane separated by a median from two
departure lanes. Approaching from the west, U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) consists of one channelized
exclusive right-turn lane, two through lanes, and one exclusive left-turn lane separated by a median from
two departure lanes. Approaching from the north, Plainfield Street consists of one shared through/rightturn lane and one exclusive left-turn lane separated by a median from one departure lane. Approaching
from the south, Avocado Street consists of one exclusive right-turn lane and one shared through/left-turn
lane separated by a median from one departure lane.
Avocado Street is classified as a local road that runs in a north-south direction through the study area,
with its northern terminus at the study intersection and its southern terminus approximately 0.3 miles to
the south at a dead end. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has no posted speed
limit, however, the City notes a 30 mph speed limit unless otherwise posted.
For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 69 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of
1.20 per MEV, which is above both the Statewide and District 2 averages of 0.80 per MEV and 0.82 per
MEV, respectively. In terms of severity, 27 crashes reported personal injury. Of the 69 total crashes, more
than half were rear-end type, occurring on all approaches of the intersection.
U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps
U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) and the Birnie Avenue Ramps intersect to form a four-way unsignalized
intersection with U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) approaching from the west, Plainfield Street
approaching from the east, the Birnie Avenue off-ramp approaching from the north, and the Birnie
Avenue on-ramp approaching from the south.
Approaching from the west and east, U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street)/Plainfield Street consists of two
general purpose lanes in each direction separated by a median. Approaching from the north, the Birnie
Avenue off-ramp permits one-way travel towards the intersection and consists of one exclusive right-turn
lane. Approaching from the south, the Birnie Avenue on-ramp permits one-way travel away from the
intersection and consists of one general purpose lane.
Birnie Avenue is classified as an urban minor arterial north of the study intersection, and an urban
principal arterial south of the study intersection. The roadway runs in a north-south direction through the
audit area and is approximately one mile long with its northern terminus at Wason Avenue, and its
southern terminus at the I-91/I-291 ramp interchange just to the south of the study intersection. The
roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has no posted speed limit, however, the City notes a
30 mph speed limit unless otherwise posted.
For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 25 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of
0.47 per MEV, which is below both the Statewide and District 2 averages of 0.60 per MEV and 0.68 per
MEV for unsignalized intersections, respectively. In terms of severity, eight crashes reported personal
injury. Of the 25 total crashes, more than half of them were rear-end type occurring on the Birnie Avenue
off-ramp.
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Plainfield Street at I-91 Northbound Ramps
Plainfield Street and the I-91 Northbound Ramps intersect to form a four-way unsignalized intersection
with Plainfield Street approaching from the east and west, the I-91 on-ramps and I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp
approaching from the north, and the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp approaching from the south.
Approaching from the west, Plainfield Street consists of two through lanes and one exclusive left-turn
lane separated by a median from two departure lanes. Approaching from the east, Plainfield Street
consists of one general purpose lane that diverges into one shared through/right-turn lane and one through
lane at the location of the I-91 on-ramps. These travel lanes are separated by a median from two departure
lanes that merge into one general purpose lane at the location of the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp. Approaching
from the north, the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp permits one-way travel towards the intersection and consists
of one exclusive right-turn lane separated from two I-91 on-ramps, one for left-turning vehicles from
Plainfield Street eastbound and one for right-turning vehicles from Plainfield Street westbound.
Approaching from the south, the I-91 (Exit 9A) on-ramp permits one-way travel towards the intersection
and consists of one exclusive right-turn lane.
The I-91 ramps are classified as urban minor arterials that runs in a general north-south direction through
the audit area. The on-ramps merge with I-91 Northbound north of the intersection, and the I-91 (Exits 9A
and 9B) off-ramps diverge from I-91 south and north of the intersection, respectively. The I-91 (Exit 9A)
off-ramp is maintained by the City of Springfield and has an advisory speed of 15 mph. The I-91 onramps are maintained by MassDOT and have no posted speed limit. The I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp is
maintained MassDOT, and has a speed limit of 35 mph.
For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 38 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of
0.99 per MEV, which is above both the Statewide and District 2 averages of 0.60 per MEV and 0.68 per
MEV, respectively. In terms of severity, 14 crashes reported personal injury. Of the 38 total crashes,
approximately half of them were rear-end type occurring on the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp.
Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George
Cathedral’s Driveway
Plainfield Street and John Street intersect to form a four-way unsignalized intersection, with Plainfield
Street approaching from the east and west, John Street approaching from the south, and the McDonald’s
driveway and St. George Cathedral’s driveway approaching from the north.
Approaching from the west and east, Plainfield Street consists of one general purpose lane in each
direction separated by a yellow hatched gore area that tapers into a DYCL. Approaching from the south,
John Street permits two-way travel. Approaching from the north, the McDonald’s driveway and the St.
George Cathedral driveway each have one entering lane and one exiting lane separated by a traffic island.
John Street is classified as a local road that runs in a north-south direction through the audit area. John
Street is approximately 800 feet long, with its northern terminus at the study intersection and its southern
terminus at the St. George Road. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has no posted
speed limit, however, the City notes a 30 mph speed limit unless otherwise posted.
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 13 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of
0.09 per MEV, which is below both the Statewide and District 2 averages of 0.60 per MEV and 0.68 per
MEV, respectively. In terms of severity, five crashes reported personal injury. Of the 13 total crashes,
most were angle crashes that involved vehicles turning in or out of the McDonald’s driveway.
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure 1: Audit Study Area Map
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure 2: Study Intersection 1
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and
Bassett Boat Company Driveway
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure 3: Study Intersection 2
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Avocado Street and Plainfield Street
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure 4: Study Intersection 3
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure 5: Study Intersection 4
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
Plainfield Street at Interstate 91 Ramps
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Figure 6: Study Intersection 5
MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits
Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway and
St. George Cathedral’s Driveway
Springfield, MA
Data Source: MassGIS
Nitsch Project #11214
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Audit Observations
Based on a summary of the existing crash information and the RSA site visit, audit participants identified
both corridor-wide safety issues and safety issues that were unique to each of the individual intersections.
The findings are summarized below.
U.S. Route 20 Corridor
The following deficiencies were noted to be either corridor-wide issues or issues that occurred along the
corridor at locations between the intersections:

Access Management:
o

At the Pride Gas Station driveway on the south side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) just
east of the intersection with Riverside Road, there were six angle crashes (crashes “C”,
“G”, “R”, “S”, “W”, and “BB”) between left-turning vehicles from the west driveway
and U.S. Route 20 (West Street) eastbound vehicles, all resulting in personal injury. This
could be due to the relatively high speed of eastbound vehicles from the proximate North
End Bridge and/or exiting vehicles accepting smaller gaps in traffic due to the frequent
eastbound vehicle queues.
Public Transportation:
o
The Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA) bus stops do not have pedestrian ramps in
the vicinity of the bus shelter and are not compliant with current pedestrian accessibility
standards.
o
The bus turnouts for the PVTA bus stops on both the north and south side of U.S. Route
20 (West Street) between the intersections with Riverside Road and Plainfield
Street/Avocado Street are only offset approximately two feet from the existing curb line
and do not provide the necessary width for buses to stop outside of the traveled way.
o
The bus turnout on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) between the
intersections of Riverside Road and Plainfield Street is not located adjacent to the PVTA
bus stop.
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Bus turnouts do not have sufficient width for buses to
pull out of the traveled way; the bus pullout on the north
side of U.S. Route 20 is not adjacent to the bus stop

Signage:
o
The audit team encountered a number of signs along the corridor that were bent,
damaged, or knocked over.
“Yield” Sign at the I-91 (Exit 9B)
off-ramp is knocked over
“Merge” Sign prior to the I-91 (Exit 9A)
off-ramp is knocked over
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
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“Wrong Way” signs for the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp are
stacked on the side of the roadway

Pedestrian Accessibility and Behavior:
o
Along the corridor, pedestrian accommodations are not compliant with current standards
or are missing entirely. Of the pedestrian ramps that are present, several do not include
detectable warning panels, push-button actuation, signal countdown display, or
Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS). Furthermore, the existing sidewalks are in poor
condition and could create a tripping hazard.
No pedestrian signals or detectable warning
panels at Riverside Road
No signal countdown display or detectable warning panels
at U.S. Route 20 and Avocado Street (Source: Google)
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Sidewalk along the north side of the U.S. Route 20 Corridor is in poor condition
o
The audit team observed pedestrians using the north side of the roadway despite poor
connectivity and a lack of pedestrian accommodations. Local audit participants noted this
is exceptionally problematic during winter months when the presence of snow banks
forces pedestrians, who still use the north side of the roadway during inclement weather,
further into the traveled way. The poor connectivity was noted at the following locations:

Despite the presence of sidewalk on the northwest and northeast side of the
intersection with Plainfield Street/Avocado Street, there is no connection
between the two corners.

The sidewalk between the intersections with Plainfield Street/Avocado Street and
the Birnie Avenue ramps does not continue east beyond the Birnie Avenue ramps
and has no connection to the south side of U.S. Route 20.
Pedestrians utilizing the north side of the roadway at night
despite no pedestrian accommodations
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
o
Audit participants observed a relatively large volume of pedestrians crossing U.S. Route
20 midblock along the length of the corridor. This was particularly noticeable at three
locations:

Due to the presence of both the PVTA bus stop and the apartment complex
located on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) between Riverside Road
and Plainfield Street/Avocado Street, pedestrians were observed crossing U.S.
Route 20 (West Street) between these two intersections to access the Pride Gas
Station, the PVTA bus stop, or other locations on the south side of the roadway.

Due to the sidewalk configuration on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield
Street) between the intersections with Plainfield Street/Avocado Street and the
Birnie Avenue ramps, pedestrians that wish to travel east or west must either
walk along the north side of the roadway with no pedestrian accommodations, or
cross the roadway midblock to utilize the sidewalk on the south side. Many of
these pedestrians also utilize the median as a sidewalk. The audit team noted the
desired crossing for U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) is in the vicinity of the
Birnie Avenue ramps to continue to travel eastbound.

Due to the presence of the PVTA bus stops on both the north and south side of
Plainfield Street just east of John Street, pedestrians were observed crossing
Plainfield Street despite the lack of pedestrian accommodations.
The worn pedestrian desired path can be seen along the north side of
U.S. Route 20 just east of the Birnie Avenue off-ramp; pedestrians
were observed crossing U.S. Route 20 midblock at this location
o
The pedestrian desired path from the apartment complex referenced above to access U.S.
Route 20 leads over a grassy mound on private property to the north side of the sidewalk.
Due to the lack of pedestrian accessible accommodations between the complex and U.S.
Route 20, the pedestrian usage over the mound has caused it to erode onto the sidewalk
and poses a tripping hazard and drainage issue on public property.
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The pedestrian desired path from the apartment complex on the north side of U.S.
Route 20 between Riverside Road and Plainfield Street has eroded onto the sidewalk

Bicycle Accessibility:
o
There are no bicycle accommodations along the U.S. Route 20 corridor. This is
particularly problematic due to the presence of the nearby Connecticut Riverwalk and
Bikeway. Despite the proximity of an entrance located at the intersection with Riverside
Road, bicycles traveling westbound along U.S. Route 20 are directed to turn right onto
Plainfield Street to access the bikeway. Following this route, bicycles are lead further
away from the bikeway and cannot access an entrance for approximately one mile to the
north.
Connecticut River Walk and Bikeway signage directs pedestrians and
bicycles to the north due to the lack of connectivity across Plainfield Street
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o
The existing catch basin grates are oriented such that the longitudinal bars are parallel to
the direction of travel and could cause bicycle tires to get caught within the structure.
Catch basin grates are not compliant for bicycle travel
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Co. Driveway

Traffic Operations:
o
Due to the traffic signal timing and resulting infrequent red signal indication for U.S.
Route 20 (West Street), vehicles may expect a green indication. This expectation not to
have to stop at the intersection, coupled with the travel speed of eastbound vehicles over
the North End Bridge, may be a contributing factor in rear-end crashes “1”, “5”, “6”, “8”,
“10”, “12”, and “15”.
o
During evening peak hours, vehicle queues on U.S. Route 20 (West Street) eastbound
frequently back up over the North End Bridge. Due to the congestion, local audit
participants noted that vehicles frequently run the red signal to avoid further delay, which
could also contribute to the rear-end crashes at this location.
o
Audit participants observed and the traffic volume count confirmed a number of vehicles
turning left from Riverside Road onto U.S. Route 20 (West Street) eastbound, despite a
no left-turn restriction.
o
The pavement condition in the vicinity of a patched trench across the Riverside Road
approach could lead to poor drainage, which may contribute to unsafe driving conditions
during inclement weather.
o
The guardrail end terminal at the Riverside Road approach is damaged and could pose a
safety issue if a collision were to occur with or in the vicinity of the guardrail.
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Trench patch across Riverside Road could lead to poor drainage;
guardrail end terminal is damaged

Access Management:
o
There is no stop sign at the Bassett Boat Co. Driveway approach, nor is the approach
included in the signal phasing at the intersection despite its location directly across from
the Riverside Road approach. Vehicles turning left from the driveway must do so across
multiple lanes of traffic.
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street

Traffic Operations:
o
There is a relatively large number of rear-end crashes at this intersection on the U.S.
Route 20 eastbound and westbound approaches, and the Plainfield Street southbound
approach. These collisions could be due to poor visibility of the signal heads and/or short
clearance intervals.
o
The U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound exclusive left-turn lane does not provide
sufficient storage and the queue frequently blocks vehicles from accessing the leftmost
through lane. The audit team observed a relatively large number of vehicles executing an
illegal westbound U-turn, and local audit participants noted that recent road closures
along the Birnie Avenue ramps could be contributing to the number of vehicles utilizing
this illegal movement in order to access I-91 southbound.
o
The audit team observed a number of vehicles weaving between lanes on the U.S. Route
20 (Plainfield Street) westbound approach, from the right lane to access the exclusive
left-turn lane, and from the two through lanes to access the exclusive right-turn lane. This
could in part be due to the road closures mentioned above and the desire for vehicles
merging from the Birnie Avenue ramps to access the left-turn lane in order to execute a
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U-turn. The audit team noted that these weaving vehicles do so by accepting small gaps
in traffic due to the frequent vehicle queue.
Vehicle queues from the intersection of U.S. Route 20 at Plainfield Street/Avocado
Street back up to the Birnie Avenue off-ramp and cause a weaving issue; the
pedestrian desired path can be seen along the north side of the roadway
o
Audit participants noted that the Plainfield Street southbound exclusive left-turn lane has
significant vehicle queues, which could in part be due to the access to I-91 southbound
from U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) just east of the intersection and/or the existing
permissive-only signal phasing.
o
Excessive rutting is present on the Plainfield Street southbound approach. Vehicles could
lose control due to the poor pavement condition, or ponding could occur during inclement
weather, which could contribute to unsafe driving conditions.
o
The large gore area on the northeast corner of the intersection appears to be larger than
necessary and underutilized.
Rutting can be seen on the Plainfield Street southbound approach;
the large gore area on the northeast corner is underutilized
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
o
The guardrail end treatment in the traffic island between the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield
Street) westbound lanes and the channelized right-turn lane is non-standard and could
pose a safety issue if a collision were to occur with or in the vicinity of the guardrail.
Non-standard guardrail end treatments on the northeast corner

Access Management:
o
The U.S. Route 20 (West Street) channelized right-turn lane merges with Avocado Street
southbound at the same location as the north Pride Gas Station driveway. These
conflicting movements could be problematic for vehicles entering and exiting the
driveway.
The merge from U.S. Route 20 right-turns and Avocado Street vehicles is at the
same location as the Pride Gas Station north driveway (Source: Google)
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214

Signage:
o
The R4-72 “Keep Right” signage on all approaches except for Avocado northbound are
on non-breakaway posts, which could pose a safety issue in the event of a collision, and
are mounted too low, such that they may not be visible to vehicles queued at the
approaches.
“Keep Right” signage is mounted too low and non-breakaway posts (Source: Google)

Signals:
o
The signal equipment at the intersection is damaged and/or not compliant with current
standards including traffic signals with no backplates in any direction, only post-mounted
signals for the Plainfield Street southbound approach that may be out of the driver cone
of vision, and rusted mast arms that are in close proximity to the traveled way.
There are only post-mounted signals for the Plainfield Street southbound approach, no backplates are present,
and the mast arm on the northwest corner is rusted and proximate to the traveled way (Source: Google)
2
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214

Pedestrian Accessibility:
o
As described in the corridor-wide issue of poor connectivity along the north side of U.S.
Route 20, there is no crosswalk across the Plainfield Street southbound approach or the
U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound approach despite the presence of sidewalks
on all corners of the intersection.
o
The crosswalk across U.S. Route 20 (West Street) on the west side of the intersection
does not have transverse lines, which may pose a safety issue for pedestrians who are
visually impaired.
The crosswalk on the west side of the intersection does not have transverse
lines; no detectable warning panels at the pedestrian ramps (Source: Google)

Emergency Vehicle Preemption:
o
There is no emergency vehicle preemption at the signal despite the presence of Baystate
Brightwood Health Center on Plainfield Street north of the U.S. Route 20 Corridor.
U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps

Traffic Operations and Geometry:
o

The large number of rear-end crashes at the Birnie Avenue off-ramp may in part be due
to the geometry of the intersection. The queue from the intersection of U.S. Route 20
(West Street) with Plainfield Street/Avocado Street frequently backs up as far as the
Birnie Avenue off-ramp. The presence of slow-moving vehicles and the weave between
the two intersections coupled with the angle at which the Birnie Avenue ramp merges
with U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) may cause vehicles to stop short and could be a
contributing factor in the number of rear-end crashes.
Pedestrian Accessibility:
o
The pedestrian crosswalk across the Birnie Avenue on-ramp on the south side of U.S.
Route 20 (Plainfield Street) has limited sight distance for eastbound vehicles due to the
large radius at the southwest corner of the intersection and the presence of a bridge
parapet that may obstruct the visibility of the crosswalk. The entrance angle and the
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
motorists’ expectation to accelerate on a highway on-ramp may cause vehicles to increase
their speed as they navigate the corner past the crosswalk.
The sight distance of the crosswalk across the Birnie Avenue on-ramp is limited for U.S. Route 20 eastbound
vehicles due to the large radius of the corner and the presence of the bridge parapet (Source: Google)
o
The existing pedestrian crossing sign at the Birnie Avenue on-ramp approach is located
on the far side of the intersection and provides poor advanced warning of pedestrians
using the crosswalk.
o
The advanced signage for the pedestrian crossing is too far in advance of the intersection
and may be confusing for motorists.
The pedestrian crossing sign for the crosswalk across the Birnie Avenue on-ramp is located on
the far corner; the advanced signage is too far in advance (Source: Google)
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Plainfield Street at I-91 Northbound Ramps

Traffic Operations and Geometry:
o
The large number of rear-end crashes at the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp on the north side of
Plainfield Street could be due to solar glare, the lack of chevron warning signage, and/or
the angle at which the ramp merges with Plainfield Street westbound.
o
There may be obstructed intersection sight distance looking left from the I-91 (Exit 9B)
off-ramp on the north side of Plainfield Street due to the presence of a guide sign.
The guide sign on the north side of Plainfield Street may obstruct the I-91 (Exit
9B) off-ramp intersection sight distance looking left (Source: Google)
o
Audit participants noted multiple signs which had been knocked over and vehicle tracks
in the grassy area adjacent to the intersection leading from the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on
the south side of Plainfield Street. This loss of control could be due to the vehicle speed
along the off-ramp, the banking of the roadway, the lack of chevron warning signage,
and/or the low curb reveal along the ramp that enables vehicles to run off the road more
easily.
Tire tracks from out-of-control vehicles can be seen from the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
o

The pavement conditions and pavement markings on the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the
south side of Plainfield Street are poor and faded, and may contribute to unsafe driving
conditions.
Pedestrian Accessibility:
o
There is a pedestrian warning sign on the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp prior to the intersection
with Plainfield Street westbound, however, there are no pedestrian accommodations on
the north side of the roadway. The sign is presumably in place due to a recent pedestrian
fatality and the presence of pedestrians on the north side of Plainfield Street despite the
lack of pedestrian accommodations.
o
There is poor visibility of the pedestrian crossing across the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on
the south side of Plainfield Street due to the small radius of the ramp.
I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp vehicles have poor visibility of the crosswalk across the ramp (Source: Google)
Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George
Cathedral’s Driveway

3
Access Management:
o
The previously existing R3-23 “No Left Turn” signage for the McDonald’s exit driveway
is missing. The hatched gore area in the center of Plainfield Street with no break indicates
this movement is restricted, however, the geometry of the driveway permits left-turns,
and vehicles were observed executing this movement.
o
The pavement markings for the McDonald’s exit driveway indicate a through movement,
however the only movement permitted from this driveway is a right-turn movement.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
There is no signage at the McDonald’s exit driveway indicating the “No Left
Turn” restriction and the pavement markings indicate a through movement

Pedestrian Accessibility:
o
There is a pedestrian crossing sign located on the south side of Plainfield Street adjacent
to the bus stop, however, there is no crosswalk at this location. This may be an extra
advanced warning sign for the downstream crosswalk, however, there is no indication
that the crosswalk is located ahead, and it is proximate to a second advanced pedestrian
crossing sign.
There is a pedestrian crossing sign east of John Street despite the lack of a
crosswalk, and is proximate to an advanced pedestrian crossing sign
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Potential Safety Enhancements
Following review of crash data and traffic counts and a discussion of potential safety issues, audit
participants recommend the following.
US Route 20 Corridor
4

Due to the availability of the Pride Gas Station full access driveway on Avocado Street, consider
converting the west driveway on U.S. Route 20 (West Street) to a right in/right out only driveway
to eliminate the number of crashes that occurred from left-turning vehicles exiting the property. If
deemed appropriate, install R3-2 “No Left Turn” and R6-14 “One-Way” signage at the Pride Gas
Station driveway and provide pavement markings and signage for right in/right out only access.

Relocate the bus turnout on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) to be adjacent to the
PVTA bus stop, and increase the width of the turnouts on both sides of the roadway so that buses
may pull out of the traveled way to improve traffic flow and reduce the number of collisions that
result from frequent bus stopping. Any potential tree removal in order to relocate the bus turnouts
must be approved by the City of Springfield Forestry Division.

Replace all damaged or missing signs and provide regular maintenance of signage along the
corridor. Damaged and missing signs to be replaced include but are not limited to the following:
o
The R1-24 “Yield” sign at the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp on the north side of Plainfield
Street
o
The W4-14 “Merge” sign on the south side of Plainfield Street just prior to the I-91 (Exit
9A) off-ramp
o
The R5-1a4 “Wrong Way” signage at the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the south side of
Plainfield Street

Install new sidewalk and provide pedestrian accommodations along the U.S. Route 20 Corridor,
including in the vicinity of bus stops, which are compliant with current standards, including but
not limited to pedestrian ramps, countdown signal displays, push-buttons, and APS.

Provide pedestrian connectivity along the north side of U.S. Route 20 by installing sidewalks and
crosswalks where possible. Investigate the structural capacity of the existing bridge over I-91 to
determine if extra loading due to the addition of a concrete sidewalk would be allowable. If a
sidewalk cannot be installed along the bridge, provide pedestrian accommodations across U.S.
Route 20 (Plainfield Street) for access to the sidewalk on the south side of the roadway including
but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and warning devices, such as rapid flashing
beacons.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214

Investigate where mid-block crossing is most frequent, with particular attention to the following
locations:
o
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) between Riverside Road and Plainfield Street/Avocado
Street where pedestrians were observed crossing due to the presence of the apartment
complex, PVTA bus stops, and the Pride Gas Station.
o
U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) in the vicinity of the Birnie Avenue ramps where
pedestrians were observed crossing due to a lack of connectivity and accommodations on
the north side of the roadway.
o
Plainfield Street near John Street where pedestrians were observed crossing due to the
presence of PVTA bus stops and McDonald’s.
At each of these locations and any other locations that are found to have a large amount of
pedestrian activity, determine which of the following potential solutions would mitigate the issue
of midblock crossing:

o
Provide pedestrian accommodations, including but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian
ramps, and warning devices, such as rapid flashing beacons or HAWK signals.
o
In coordination with PVTA, relocate the bus stops such that they are near an existing
crosswalk.
o
Install ornamental steel fencing within the median to prevent crossing if sight distance
allows.
In coordination with the property owner, investigate the feasibility of installing a sidewalk along
the desired pedestrian path from the apartment complex, located between Riverside Road and
Plainfield Street, to the north side of U.S. Route 20 to prevent further erosion of the grassy mound
adjacent to the sidewalk. Remove the sediment within the sidewalk to prevent a tripping hazard
and if appropriate, install a walkway or pedestrian path to connect the sidewalk to the apartment
complex. For consistency, this walkway could mirror the brick walkway to the Pride Gas Station
on the south side of the roadway.
Brick walkway to the Pride Gas Station on the south side
of U.S. Route 20 (Source: Google)
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214

Provide bicycle accommodations along the U.S. Route 20 Corridor, particularly across the
Plainfield Street southbound approach for connectivity to the Connecticut Riverwalk and
Bikeway, by providing exclusive bicycle lanes where possible and/or installing additional signage
and shared lane (“sharrow”) pavement markings where appropriate.

Rotate the existing catch basin grates 90 degrees so that the longitudinal bars are perpendicular to
the direction of travel for bicycles.
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Co. Driveway

Evaluate the clearance interval for the U.S. Route 20 (West Street) approaches and if appropriate,
provide a longer clearance interval to reduce the number of rear-end collisions.

Install illuminated signage that depicts “Signal Ahead” with a flashing “Red” prefix when the
signal indication is red for the U.S. Route 20 (West Street) eastbound approach.

Evaluate if left-turns should be permitted at Riverside Road, and if warranted, realign the
approach to intersect U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at a 90 degree angle and modify the signal
phasing and location to reflect the addition of the turning movement.

If the left-turn restriction on Riverside Road remains, install advanced signage to indicate the
turning restriction and to direct vehicles to use Plainfield Street for access to U.S. Route 20
eastbound.

In coordination with the responsible utility company, resurface the Riverside Road approach in
the vicinity of the utility trench to improve drainage and driving conditions.

Replace the damaged guardrail end terminal.

Investigate including the Bassett Boat Co. Driveway in the signal control for the intersection, and
install a signal for the approach if warranted. If not warranted, install a stop sign and “No Left
Turn” sign.
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street

Evaluate the clearance intervals and if appropriate, provide longer clearance intervals to reduce
the number of rear-end collisions.

Extend the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound and eastbound exclusive left-turn lanes to
provide more storage by cutting into the existing median.

Investigate if U-turns should be allowed from the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound
approach. If allowed, remove the U-turn restriction signage and implement a “No Turn On Red”
restriction on Avocado Street northbound.
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214

Evaluate if a protected-permissive phase and/or a lane modification is warranted at the Plainfield
Street southbound approach, and modify the signal phasing and indications, signage, and
pavement markings appropriately.

Resurface the Plainfield Street southbound approach to improve drainage and driving conditions.

Remove the existing guardrail end treatment in the traffic island between the U.S. Route 20
(Plainfield Street) westbound lanes and the channelized right-turn lane, and replace with the
standard end treatment.

Eliminate the conflicting movements between the merge on Avocado Street and the Pride Gas
Station driveway by either relocating the merge point so that it is not in close proximity to the
driveway, or by closing the driveway, which may be acceptable due to the presence of the second
driveway located 150 feet to the south. If the north driveway remains open, “No Exit” signage
could be installed to further reduce vehicular conflict.

Remove the existing R4-7 “Keep Right” signage and posts at the intersection, install breakaway
posts, and mount the signage at the appropriate height.

Install new signal equipment at the intersection including but not limited to backplates, signal
heads, mast arms that are located at the appropriate distance from the traveled way, and mast armmounted signals for all approaches.

Remove or reduce the large gore area on the northeast corner of the intersection and utilize the
space to provide connectivity for pedestrians and bicycles by installing a crosswalk and a raised
island for pedestrian refuge across the Plainfield Street southbound approach.

Provide a new crosswalk across U.S. Route 20 (West Street) on the west side of the intersection
that includes both transverse and longitudinal lines.

Install an emergency vehicle preemption system along the corridor.
U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps

Investigate the feasibility of realigning the Birnie Avenue off-ramp, and if feasible, intersect the
ramp with U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at as close to a 90 degree angle as possible. This
geometry would allow for improved sight distance for vehicles exiting the ramp, which in turn
would reduce the number of rear-end crashes at the ramp. The realignment would also increase
the length of the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound approach to the intersection of U.S.
Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street/Avocado Street, which would provide more space for
weaving prior to the intersection.

Reconfigure the southwest corner of the intersection by reducing the radius to slow vehicles
navigating the corner.
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214

Investigate relocating the existing pedestrian crossing sign on the far side of the intersection and
install in the location of maximum visibility, relocate the existing advanced signage for the
pedestrian crossing closer to the intersection, and install a warning device, such as a rapid
flashing beacon, to improve visibility of the crosswalk for U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street)
eastbound vehicles.
Plainfield Street at I-91 Northbound Ramps

Evaluate the existing I-91 ramp configuration, and if appropriate, redesign the interchange as a
diverging diamond configuration for overall improved functionality.

If a redesign of the interchange is not appropriate, investigate the feasibility of realigning the I-91
off-ramps on both the north and south side of Plainfield Street. If feasible, intersect the ramps
with Plainfield Street at as close to a 90 degree angle as possible. This geometry would allow for
improved sight distance for vehicles exiting the ramps, which would in turn reduce the number of
rear-end crashes at the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp on the north side of the roadway and out-ofcontrol vehicle crashes at the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the south side of the roadway. The
realignment would also improve the visibility of the pedestrian crossing at the I-91 (Exit 9A) offramp.

If realignment of the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp on the north side of Plainfield Street is not feasible,
install advanced curve warning signage, with or without speed advisory, W3-2 “Yield Ahead”
warning signage to indicate the yield condition, W1-8 “Chevron” warning signage to help guide
vehicles along the ramp, and extend the merge point further onto Plainfield Street westbound to
provide more space for merging.

If realignment of the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the south side of Plainfield Street is not feasible,
evaluate the existing superelevation of the off-ramp. Regrade the ramp if necessary, resurface and
restripe the ramp to improve driving conditions, and install advanced curve warning signage, with
or without speed advisory, W3-2 “Yield Ahead” warning signage to indicate the yield condition,
W1-8 “Chevron” warning signage to help guide vehicles along the ramp.

Evaluate the existing lane configuration of Plainfield Street eastbound in the vicinity of the I-91
(Exit 9A) off-ramp. Consider relocating the merge from two lanes to one lane along Plainfield
Street further in advance of the ramp to improve the merge of Plainfield Street and I-91 off-ramp
vehicles, and restripe Plainfield Street as needed.

Investigate if the guide sign on the north side of Plainfield Street is obstructing the intersection
sight distance from the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp, and if so, relocate the sign slightly further from
the roadway to improve the sight line.

Investigate if the pedestrian warning sign on the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp should be moved to an
area with high pedestrian activity and relocate if appropriate.
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George
Cathedral’s Driveway

Evaluate if left-turns should be permitted or restricted at the McDonald’s exit driveway. If
determined to be restricted, install R3-2 “No Left Turn” signage and right-turn only pavement
markings to deter vehicles from turning left out of the driveway.

As part of the corridor-wide evaluation of mid-block crossings, if a crosswalk at the location of
the PVTA bus stop on the southeast corner of the intersection is deemed unnecessary, or if the
sign is intended to indicate a crossing ahead, due to the proximity of the existing advanced
warning sign, remove the pedestrian crossing sign.
Summary of Road Safety Audit
TEC, Inc. has retained Nitsch Engineering to prepare this RSA for MassDOT for the U.S. Route 20
Corridor. As part of the RSA process going forward, each of the potential safety enhancements is
classified by time frame and cost, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Time Frame and Costs Breakdown
Time Frame
Short-term
< 1 year
Mid-term
1-3 years
Long-term
> 3 years
Low
Medium
High
Costs
< $10,000
$10,000-$50,000
> $50,000
Any new regulations that may be implemented as a result of this Road Safety Audit must first be
submitted and approved by the Springfield Board of Public Works.
The safety issues, potential improvements, estimated safety payoff, time frame, and cost for the overall
U.S. Route 20 corridor and the individual intersections are summarized in Tables 3 through 8.
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
U.S. Route 20 Corridor
Safety Issue
Access Management
Public Transportation
Signage
Pedestrian
Accessibility
Safety Enhancement
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
High
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Medium
Long-Term
High
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
High
Long-Term
High
High
Mid-Term
High
In coordination with PVTA, relocate the bus stops such that they are
near an existing crosswalk where appropriate
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Where appropriate, install ornamental steel fencing within the median
to prevent crossing if sight distance allows
Medium
Short-Term
Medium
Remove the sediment within the sidewalk on the north side of U.S.
Route 20 (West Street) between Riverside Road and Plainfield Street
and if appropriate, in coordination with the property owner, install a
walkway or pedestrian path to connect the sidewalk to the apartment
complex
Low
Mid-Term
Low
Install R3-2 “No Left Turn” and R6-1 “One-Way” signage at the west
Pride Gas Station driveway and provide pavement markings and
signage for right in/right out only access
Relocate the bus turnout on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (West
Street) to be adjacent to the PVTA bus stop and increase the width of
the turnouts on both sides of the roadway
Replace all damaged or missing signs and provide regular
maintenance of signage along the corridor
Install new sidewalk and pedestrian ramps along the U.S. Route 20
Corridor, including in the vicinity of bus stops, which are compliant
with current standards
Install pedestrian accommodations compliant with current standards
included but not limited to countdown signal displays, push-buttons,
and APS
Provide pedestrian connectivity along the north side of U.S. Route 20
by installing sidewalks and crosswalks where possible, particularly
across Plainfield Street and beyond the Birnie Avenue off-ramp
Provide pedestrian accommodations at mid-block crossings where
appropriate, including but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps,
and warning devices, such as rapid flashing beacons and HAWK
signals
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
U.S. Route 20 Corridor continued
Safety Issue
Bicycle Accessibility
Safety Enhancement
Provide bicycle accommodations along the U.S. Route 20 Corridor,
particularly across the Plainfield Street southbound approach for
connectivity to the Connecticut Riverwalk and Bikeway, by providing
exclusive bicycle lanes where possible and/or installing additional
signage and shared lane (“sharrow”) pavement markings where
appropriate
Rotate the existing catch basin grates 90 degrees so that the
longitudinal bars are perpendicular to the direction of travel for
bicycles
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Short-Term
Low
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 4. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Co. Driveway
Safety Issue
Traffic Operations
Safety Enhancement
Provide a longer clearance interval for the U.S. Route 20 (West
Street) approaches if appropriate
Install illuminated signage that depicts “Signal Ahead” with a
flashing “Red” prefix when the signal indication is red for the U.S.
Route 20 (West Street) eastbound approach
Realign the Riverside Road approach to intersect U.S. Route 20
(West Street) at a 90 degree angle and modify the signal phasing
and location to reflect the addition of a left-turn movement if
warranted
Install advanced signage to indicate the left-turn restriction on
Riverside Road and to direct vehicles to use Plainfield Street for
access to U.S. Route 20 eastbound
Resurface the Riverside Road approach in coordination with the
responsible utility company
Replace the damaged guardrail end terminal
Access Management
Install a signal for the Bassett Boat Co. Driveway approach if
warranted
If signal is not warranted, install a stop sign and “No Left Turn”
sign
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
High
Short-Term
Low
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Low
Mid-Term
High
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Short-Term
Low
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Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 5. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street
Safety Issue
Safety Enhancement
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
High
Short-Term
Low
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Remove the U-turn restriction signage at the U.S. Route 20
(Plainfield Street) westbound approach and implement a “No Turn
On Red” restriction on Avocado Street northbound if U-turns are
allowed.
Low
Short-Term
Low
Modify the signal phasing and indications, signage, and pavement
markings at the Plainfield Street southbound approach if a
protected-permissive phase and/or lane modification is determined
to be warranted
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Low
Mid-Term
High
Remove the existing guardrail end treatment in the traffic island
between the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound lanes and
the channelized right-turn lane, and replace with the standard end
treatment
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Access Management
Eliminate the conflicting movements between the merge on Avocado
Street and the Pride Gas Station driveway by either relocating the
merge point so that it is not in close proximity to the driveway, or by
closing the north driveway. If the north driveway remains open,
install “No Exit” signage
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Signage
Remove the existing R4-7 “Keep Right” signage and posts at the
intersection, install breakaway posts, and mount the signage at the
appropriate height
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Signals
Install new signal equipment and infrastructure at the intersection
Medium
Long-Term
High
Provide longer clearance intervals if appropriate
Extend the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound and
eastbound exclusive left-turn lanes to provide more storage by
cutting into the existing median
Traffic Operations
Resurface the Plainfield Street southbound approach
Page 39
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 5. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street continued
Safety Issue
Pedestrian and
Bicycle
Accommodations
Emergency Vehicle
Preemption
Safety Enhancement
Remove or reduce the large gore area on the northeast corner of the
intersection and utilize the space to provide connectivity for
pedestrians and bicycles by installing a crosswalk and a raised
island for pedestrian refuge across the Plainfield Street southbound
approach
Provide a new crosswalk across U.S. Route 20 (West Street) on the
west side of the intersection that includes both transverse and
longitudinal lines
Install an emergency vehicle preemption system along the corridor
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Low
Mid-Term
Medium
Low
Short-Term
Low
High
Mid-term
High
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Table 6. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps
Safety Issue
Traffic Operations
and Geometry
Pedestrian
Accessibility
Safety Enhancement
Intersect the Birnie Avenue off-ramp with U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield
Street) at as close to a 90 degree angle as possible if feasible
Reconfigure the southwest corner by reducing the radius
Relocate the existing pedestrian crossing sign and existing
advanced signage for the pedestrian crossing
High
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Install a warning device, such as a rapid flashing beacon
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Page 40
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Table 7. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
Plainfield Street at I-91 Northbound Ramps
Safety Issue
Traffic Operations
and Geometry
Pedestrian
Accessibility
Safety Enhancement
Redesign the interchange as a diverging diamond configuration if
appropriate
Intersect both off-ramps with Plainfield Street at as close to a 90
degree angle as possible if feasible
Install advanced curve warning signage, with or without speed
advisory, W3-2 “Yield Ahead” warning signage, W1-8 “Chevron”
warning signage and extend the merge point of the I-91 (Exit 9B) offramp further onto Plainfield Street westbound
Regrade the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp if necessary, resurface and
restripe the ramp, and install advanced curve warning signage, with
or without speed advisory, W3-2 “Yield Ahead” warning signage,
W1-8 “Chevron” warning signage
Relocate the merge from two lanes to one lane along Plainfield
Street eastbound further in advance of the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp if
appropriate, and restripe Plainfield Street as needed
Relocate the guide sign on the north side of Plainfield Street
Relocate the pedestrian warning sign on the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp if
appropriate
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
High
Long-Term
High
High
Mid-Term
High
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Medium
Mid-Term
Medium
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Table 8. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary –
Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George Cathedral’s Driveway
Safety Issue
Access Management
Pedestrian
Accessibility
Safety Enhancement
Reinstall R3-2 “No Left Turn” signage and right-turn only pavement
markings at the McDonald’s exit driveway if left-turns should be
restricted
Remove the pedestrian crossing sign at the PVTA bus stop on the
southeast corner of the intersection if deemed necessary
Safety Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Medium
Short-Term
Low
Low
Short-Term
Low
Page 41
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix A: RSA Meeting Agenda
Road Safety Audit
Springfield, MA
U.S. Route 20 Corridor
Dwight Street at I-291 WB Ramps
Meeting Location: Sheraton Springfield Monarch Place Hotel
Boland Executive Boardroom 3rd Floor
Monarch Place, Springfield, MA
Monday, November 23, 2015
10:00 AM – 4:00 PM
Type of meeting:
High Crash Location – Road Safety Audit
Attendees:
Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team
Please bring:
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
10:00 AM
Welcome and Introductions
10:15 AM
Discussion of Safety Issues
 Crash history, Speed Regulations – provided in advance
 Existing Geometries and Conditions
10:45 AM
Site Visit
 Travel to U.S. Route 20 Corridor and Dwight Street at I-291 WB Ramps
 As a group, identify areas for improvements
1:00 PM
Break for Lunch
2:00 PM
Discussion of Potential Improvements
 Return to original meeting location
 Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas
 Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations
4:00 PM
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:

Before attending the RSA on November 23rd, participants are encouraged to
drive/walk through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA
Prompt List with a focus on safety.

All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.

After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix B: RSA Audit Team Contact List
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
RSA Sign In Sheet
U.S. Route 20
Springfield, MA
Monday, November 23, 2015, 10:00 a.m.
Name
Jane Davis
Jeff Bandini
Samuel
Gregorio
John Mastera
Agency/Affiliation
Nitsch Engineering
Nitsch Engineering
Email
jdavis@nitscheng.com
jbandini@nitscheng.com
TEC, Inc.
SGregorio@theengineeringcorp.com 978-794-1792
MassDOT Highway Safety
Fuss & O’Neill
Dmitriy
(representing City of
Mayboroda
Springfield)
Laura Hanson MassDOT Projects
Pioneer Valley Planning
Khyati Parmar Commission
MassDOT Traffic
William Ullom Operations
MassDOT District 2 –
Luke Hayes
Traffic
Kevin
TEC, Inc.
Dandrade
Matt Sokop
Springfield DPW
Phone
617-338-0063
617-338-0063
john.mastera@state.ma.us
857-368-9648
DMayboroda@fando.com
413-452-0445
Laura.hanson@state.ma.us
413-582-0589
kparmar@pvpc.org
413-781-6045
William.ullom@state.ma.us
857-368-9622
luke.hayes@state.ma.us
413-582-1525
kdandrade@theengineeringcorp.com 978-794-1792
msokop@springfieldcityhall.com
413-781-6045
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix C: Detailed Crash Data
Road Safety Audit
h
N
or
t
MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts
Not to Scale
14
US Route 20 Corridor at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Company Driveway
Springfield, Massachusetts
2011 - 2014
TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T.
MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department
13
LOCATION:
CITY/STATE:
TIME PERIOD:
PREPARED BY:
SOURCE:
7
9
FF HH KK
3 11
5 6 15
C G R S W BB
4
2
II
U
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10/21/2015 3:51 PM
V
1 8 10 12
LEGEND
P
SHOW FOR COLLISION
VEHICLE PATH
HEAD-ON COLLISION
BACKING VEHICLE
ANGLED COLLISION
SIDESWIPE COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT COLLISION
PEDESTRIAN COLLISION
OVERTURNED VEHICLE
REAR-END COLLISION
OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE
FIXED OBJECT
1. Approximate location of collision,
2. Direction of collision,
3. Type of collision and vehicles involved,
4. Time, Day, Date
5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned
on the report.
MOVEABLE OBJECT
PARKED VEHICLE
PERSONAL INJURY
FATALITY
A
ANIMAL
SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions]
REAR-END
SIDESWIPE
HEAD-ON
ANGLED
SINGLE VEH
PED/BIKE
OTHER / UNK
PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
9
0
0
2
2
0
0
13
NON-FATAL INJURY
8
0
0
6
0
0
0
14
TOTAL
UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
17
0
0
8
2
0
0
27
Figure A-1
Collision Diagram
2011-2014 Collision Data
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
Crash Data Summary Table
West Street (US Route 20) @ Riverside Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
1
2/18/2011
2
3
4
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Friday
9:01 AM
Rear-End
4/29/2011
Friday
3:58 PM
2/3/2012
Friday
11:59 AM
4/17/2014
Day of Week
Thursday
10:09 AM
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Daylight
Clear
Wet
No improper driving
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Ages
Comments
D1
D2
Non-Fatal Injury
23
43
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB across bridge
approaching Riverside intersection. MV1 was slowing &
stopping to switch lanes when it was rear-ended by MV2.
Inattention
Property Damage Only
28
50
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 121 West
Street (across from Riverside Street). MV2 stopped due to
heavy traffic when it was rear-ended by MV1.
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
45
25
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street WB approaching
Riverside Street. MV1 stopped in traffic when it was rearended by MV2.
-
MV1 travelling West Street EB just past Riverside Road
intersection. The MV was travelling at a speed greater than
reasonable for the flow of traffic. MV1 rear-ended MV2,
pushing MV2 into MV3, which pushed MV3 into MV4.
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
26
D3
43
D4
-
5
7/7/2014
Monday
5:25 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
23
29
48
MV1 travelling EB on North End Bridge when he slid on a very
wet road, colliding into MV2 (North End Bridge EB). This led
MV2 to collide into MV3.
6
12/30/2014
Tuesday
8:16 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
Non-Fatal injury
23
24
29
MV1, MV2, MV3 travelling West Street EB at Riverside
intersection. MV1 struck MV2, which then struck MV3, MV2
and MV3 were stopped for a red traffic signal at the time.
7
4/1/2011
Friday
2:26 PM
Single Vehicle
Crash
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
34
N/A
8
6/11/2011
Saturday
6:03 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
55
26
9
9/7/2011
Wednesday
8:45 PM
Rear-End
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Followed too closely
Non-Fatal Injury
30
34
10
3/29/2012
Thursday
5:38 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
70
76
11
5/17/2012
Thursday
5:33 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
58
35
12
8/5/2012
Sunday
4:32 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
56
25
13
5/10/2013
Friday
10:36 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Operating defective equipment
Property Damage Only
53
28
14
12/1/2013
Sunday
7:23 PM
Single Vehicle
Crash
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Failure to keep in proper lane or running
off road
Property Damage Only
35
N/A
15
10/19/2011
Wednesday
1:45 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Unknown
Property Damage Only
35
50
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 1 of 1
MV1 traveling NB on West Street ran off the road and struck a
guardrail.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on West Street EB. MV2 attempted to
change lanes from left to right and slid on wet surface,
making contact with MV1.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on West Street WB. MV1 stopped
suddenly for unknown MV3. MV2 attempted to stop and slid
on wet roadway surface, making contact with MV1.
65
MV1 and MV2 are traveling EB on West Street. MV2 stopped
at red light. MV1 struck MV2 in rear.
MV1 and MV2 are traveling WB on West Street. MV1 stopped
at red light. MV2 struck MV1 in rear.
MV1 and MV2 traveling on West Street EB. MV2 attempted to
stop and slid on wet roadway surface, making contact with
MV1.
MV1 and MV2 traveling SB on Riverside Road. MV2 states
that the brakes went and could not stop.
MV1 traveling SB on Riverside Road lost control and jumped
the curb hitting a street sign.
Accident occurred near 126 West Street. All vehicles traveling
EB on North End Bridge.
Crash Data Summary Charts
West Street (US Route 20) @ Riverside Street ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014
West Street (US 20) @ Riverside Street
15
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
0
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
%
0%
13%
7%
20%
13%
7%
7%
7%
7%
7%
0%
13%
25%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
2
1
1
2
3
5
1
%
13%
7%
7%
13%
20%
33%
7%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Time of Day
6AM ‐ 9AM
9AM ‐ 12PM
12PM‐3PM
3PM ‐ 6PM
6PM ‐ 9PM
9PM ‐ 6AM
#
1
4
2
5
3
0
%
7%
27%
13%
33%
20%
0%
40%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head‐on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
2
13
0
0
0
0
0
%
13%
87%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown / NR
#
8
2
5
0
0
0
%
53%
13%
33%
0%
0%
0%
60%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
#
9
6
0
0
%
60%
40%
0%
0%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
8
7
0
0
%
53%
47%
0%
0%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Visibility Obstructed
Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Excessive Speed
Glare
Erratic / Aggressive Driving
Cellular Phone Use
Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
5
%
13%
0%
0%
20%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
7%
7%
20%
33%
T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
30%
20%
10%
0%
6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM
Single
Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe Head‐on
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
40%
20%
0%
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET
CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD
DISTRICT :
2
COUNT DATE :
UNSIGNALIZED :
NO
Aug-13
SIGNALIZED :
YES
~ INTERSECTION DATA ~
MAJOR STREET :
WEST STREET
MINOR STREET(S) :
RIVERSIDE ROAD
North
DIAGRAM
(Label Approaches)
West Street
West Street
Bassett Boat
INTERSECTION
Riverside Rd
BASSETT BOAT COMPANY DRIVEWAY
PEAK HOUR VOLUMES
APPROACH :
1
2
3
4
DIRECTION :
EB
WB
NB
SB
PEAK HOURLY
VOLUMES (AM/PM) :
1,368
1,550
0
279
" K " FACTOR :
0.090
INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY
APPROACH VOLUME :
TOTAL # OF CRASHES :
15
CRASH RATE CALCULATION :
# OF
YEARS :
0.29
4
AVERAGE # OF
CRASHES PER YEAR (
A):
RATE =
( A * 1,000,000 )
( V * 365 )
Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR
Project Title & Date:
5
MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA
Total Peak
Hourly
Approach
Volume
3,197
35,522
3.75
No
rth
MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts
Not to Scale
US Route 20 Corridor at Avocado Street and Plainfield Street
Springfield, Massachusetts
2011 - 2014
TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T.
MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department
42 63
18 23
50
C
4 5 30
55
3
49
C
12
Z GG
A D H K L Q
21 29 31
26 28 48
47 53 58 62
1 9 40 41 44 45
F
2 11 16 25 27 43 56 64 69
46
33
52
54
57
59
E
P I J N P
35
38
8 10
51 67
B
32
14
37
20
66
10/21/2015 3:51 PM
T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\2_US ROUTE 20 CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_US ROUTE 20_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG
68
Y
39
T
6
DD
AA
C
13 22
65
M O CC EE
19
7 17 24
34 36
60 61
15
LOCATION:
CITY/STATE:
TIME PERIOD:
PREPARED BY:
SOURCE:
Road Safety Audit
LEGEND
VEHICLE PATH
SHOW FOR COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT
HEAD-ON COLLISION
BACKING VEHICLE
SIDESWIPE COLLISION
PARKED VEHICLE
FIXED OBJECT COLLISION
P
PEDESTRIAN COLLISION
C
CYCLIST COLLISION
PERSONAL INJURY
OVERTURNED VEHICLE
FATALITY
OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE
REAR-END COLLISION
1. Approximate location of collision,
2. Direction of collision,
3. Type of collision and vehicles involved,
4. Time, Day, Date
5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned
on the report.
MOVEABLE OBJECT
ANGLED COLLISION
A
ANIMAL
SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions]
REAR-END
SIDESWIPE
HEAD-ON
ANGLED
SINGLE VEH
PED/BIKE
OTHER / UNK
TOTAL
PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
39
3
1
13
2
0
0
58
NON-FATAL INJURY
18
3
2
6
1
4
0
34
UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
57
6
3
19
3
4
0
92
Figure A-2
Collision Diagram
2011-2014 Collision Data
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
Crash Data Summary Table
West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
D3
Comments
1
1/17/2011
Monday
11:17 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
54
33
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB approaching
Avocado Street. MV2 was slowing to a stop at the
intersection when it was rear-ended by MV1.
2
2/3/2011
Thursday
2:33 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Wet
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
48
58
MV1 stopped at a red traffic signal at West Street / Avocado
Street intersection when it was rear-ended by MV2.
3
2/18/2011
Friday
4:03 PM
Cyclist
Daylight
Clear
Wet
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
37
17
4
3/1/2011
Tuesday
2:24 PM
Head-On
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
47
25
5
3/22/2011
Tuesday
6:59 AM
Head-On
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
25
21
6
4/13/2011
Wednesday
11:04 AM
Angle
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
86
36
7
5/5/2011
Thursday
12:04 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Property Damage Only
28
31
8
5/5/2011
Thursday
11:46 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
25
48
9
5/17/2011
Tuesday
10:41 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Rain
Wet
History of Heart/Epilepsey/Fainting
Non-Fatal Injury
21
52
10
5/18/2011
Wednesday
11:40 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
75
-
11
5/24/2011
Tuesday
11:31 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
39
20
12
5/29/2011
Sunday
4:30 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
51
-
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 1 of 6
MV1 (tractor trailer) and bicyclist were both operating West
Street EB onto Plainfield Street EB. Cyclist collided with right,
rear trailer tire as it veered into the travel lane to avoid
snowbank along the curbing.
MV1 operating Avocado Street NB toward Plainfield Street
NB; MV2 operating Plainfield Street SB turning left onto
Plainfield Street EB. MV1 & MV2 collided as MV2 failed to
yield the right-of-way to MV1.
MV1 operating Avocado Street NB toward Plainfield Street
NB; MV2 operating Plainfield Street SB turning left onto
Plainfield Street EB. MV1 & MV2 collided as MV2 failed to
yield the right-of-way to MV1.
MV1 operating Plainfield Street SB attempting a right-turn on
red onto West Street WB. MV2 operating Plainfield Street
WB onto West Street WB on a green light when it struck
MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street SB. MV1 was
stopped at red light at West Street intersection when it was
rear-ended by MV2.
MV1 & MV2 (tractor trailer) both operating Plainfield Street
WB in the left-turn lane. MV1 attempted a U-turn when it
was forced to stop in the turn due to traffic on Plainfield
Street EB. MV2 rear-ended MV1 as it attempted to turn left
onto Avocado Street SB.
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB through Avocado
Street intersection when MV2 (tractor trailer) was rear-ended
by MV1. MV1 operator blacked out, had received a double
cortizone shot & Adavan earlier in the day.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB attempting
U-turns onto Plainfield Street EB at West Street intersection.
MV1 was rear-ended by MV2 during the U-turn. MV2 fled the
scene.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB approaching
Avocado Street. MV2, stopped in traffic, was rear-ended by
MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Avocado Street NB approaching
West Street intersection when MV1 was rear-ended by MV2.
MV2 fled the scene.
Crash Data Summary Table
West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
13
6/25/2011
Saturday
7:40 PM
Angle
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Property Damage Only
20
37
14
8/10/2011
Wednesday
1:22 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
33
23
15
9/1/2011
Thursday
6:26 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent, or aggressive manner
Non-Fatal Injury
17
44
16
9/15/2011
Thursday
4:18 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
23
65
17
11/10/2011
Thursday
2:45 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
24
29
D3
72
Comments
MV2 operating Plainfield Street WB with flashing yellow light;
MV1 operating Plainfield Street SB with flashing red light.
Intersection lights were in flashing mode. MV1 entered the
intersection from a stop when it was struck by MV2.
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating Plainfield Street WB, stopped
for red light at Avocado Street intersection. When light
turned green, MV3 & MV2 proceeded forward but then had
to stop again. MV1 rear-ended MV2, pushing MV2 into rear
of MV3.
MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB turned right onto
Plainfield Street NB and then tried to make a quick U-turn to
go Plainfield Street SB. MV1 fish-tailed and struck a fire
hydrant. After impact, MV1 backed up, striking MV2 which
was operating Plainfield Street SB.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB approaching
Avocado Street. MV2, stopped in traffic, was rear-ended by
MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street SB approaching
Avocado Street intersection. MV2 stopped in traffic when it
was rear-ended by MV1.
18
12/27/2011
Tuesday
7:18 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
44
27
MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB with flashing yellow light;
MV2 operating Avocado Street NB with flashing red light.
Intersection lights were in flashing mode. MV2 entered the
intersection from a stop when it was struck by MV1.
19
1/26/2012
Thursday
8:24 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
Non-Fatal Injury
40
47
MV1 and MV2 traveling along West Street WB. MV1 stopped
in traffic when struck by MV2.
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB waiting at red
light at Avocado Street intersection. MV2 & MV3 were
stopped in left through lane when MV1 (with attached trailer)
turned into the left-turn-only lane. As MV1 passed MV2, the
trailer sideswiped MV2, pushing MV2 into rear of MV3.
20
1/26/2012
Thursday
11:52 AM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
54
48
21
2/3/2012
Friday
8:34 AM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
43
53
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB near
Avocado Street intersection. MV1 in center lane and MV2 in
left most lane nicked side-view mirrors.
MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street SB. MV2 traveling along
Plainfield Street WB. Vehicle 1 entered intersection on green
light. MV2 already in the intersection strikes MV1. MV1 could
not see MV2 due to vehicle in the left lane.
22
3/2/2012
Friday
11:46 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
31
82
23
3/5/2012
Monday
1:47 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
42
48
24
3/17/2012
Saturday
6:32 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
Non-Fatal Injury
18
-
25
5/15/2012
Tuesday
11:18 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
37
41
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 2 of 6
55
MV1 (Police vehicle) traveling along Avocado Street NB with
lights on. MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB proceeded
through intersection and struck MV1.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street SB. MV2
engine lurched forward unexepectedly and struck MV1.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. Both
stopped in traffic when operator of MV2 foot slipped off
brake and struck MV1.
Crash Data Summary Table
West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
26
5/21/2012
Monday
10:05 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
27
5/24/2012
Thursday
2:57 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
28
6/24/2012
Sunday
9:36 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
29
6/27/2012
Wednesday
11:19 AM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
30
7/16/2012
Monday
9:39 AM
Angle
31
7/16/2012
Monday
12:33 PM
32
8/31/2012
Friday
33
10/3/2012
34
Ages
D2
Property Damage Only
43
57
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
57
55
Dry
Followed too closely
Property Damage Only
57
54
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
44
64
MV1 (Truck) and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB
just prior to Avocado street intersection. Truck trailer of MV1
struck against MV2 stopped in traffic in center lane.
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Property Damage Only
30
52
MV1 traveling along Avocado Street NB. MV2 traveling along
Plainfield Street SB making a left turn. MV1 failed to stop in
time and struck MV2.
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
25
58
MV1 and MV2 (Truck) traveling along Plainfield Street WB
just prior to Avocado Street intersection. MV1 attempted to
enter left turn lane and struck truck as MV2 stopped in traffic.
5:04 PM
Cyclist
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to Signal Turn
Non-Fatal Injury
60
54
Wednesday
6:53 PM
Single Vehicle
Crash
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Over-correcting / Over-steerng
Non-Fatal Injury
51
N/A
10/5/2012
Friday
8:43 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
47
37
35
1/23/2013
Wednesday
8:05 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Other improper action
Non-Fatal Injury
46
44
36
1/31/2013
Thursday
2:42 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
76
73
37
2/11/2013
Monday
6:48 AM
Head-On
Daylight
Snow
Snow
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
56
47
38
2/11/2013
Monday
9:22 AM
Angle
Daylight
Snow
Snow
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
60
77
39
4/3/2013
Wednesday
9:41 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
40
38
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 3 of 6
D3
Comments
D1
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB
attempting to turn left onto Avocado Street. MV2 took foot
off the clutch and rear ended MV1.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB
approaching Avocado Street stopped at red light. MV2 rear
ended MV1 when assumed that MV1 moved forward then
stopped.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB
attempting to turn left onto Avocado Street. MV2 stated MV1
appeared to stop withougt brake lights showing and rear
ended MV1.
MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. Cyclist traveling
along Plainfield Street WB. Cyclist appeared to turn right but
crossed into MV1 travel lane.
MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street SB making a left turn
onto Plainfield Street EB. MV1 slid on wet surface and struck
light pole.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street SB. MV2
accelerated too fast and struck MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB approaching
Avocado Street intersection. MV1 was in middle lane when
MV2 (tractor trailer in right lane) attempted to switch into
the middle lane. Trailer of MV2 struck MV1 as it switched
lanes.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street SB approaching
Avocado Street intersection. MV2 stopped in traffic when it
was rear-ended by MV1.
MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB; MV2 operating West
Street EB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV2 attempted to turn left
onto Plainfield Street NB. Both operators claimed to have
green lights.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB at Avocado
Street intersection. When light turned green, MV1 began left
turn onto Avocado Street SB & MV2 continued straight onto
West Street WB. In process, rear of MV1 made contact with
rear of MV2.
MV1 & MV2 both turning right onto Plainfield Street NB from
Plainfield Street WB when MV2 rear-ended MV1 as MV1
stopped at the yield sign.
Crash Data Summary Table
West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
40
Crash Date
4/9/2013
Day of Week
Tuesday
Time of
Day
2:29 PM
Manner of
Collision
Rear-End
Light Condition
Daylight
Weather
Condition
Clear
Road
Surface
Dry
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Distracted / Inattention
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Ages
D1
18
D2
D3
MV1 & MV2 operating West Street EB. MV1 was stopped in
traffic at Avocado Street intersection when it was rear-ended
by MV2. MV2 was distracted by daughter in back seat and
looked away from road when it struck MV1.
20
41
4/24/2013
Wednesday
3:35 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
Property Damage Only
17
31
42
6/7/2013
Friday
11:53 PM
Rear-end
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Unknown
Property Damage Only
34
32
43
6/10/2013
Monday
8:32 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
27
20
44
7/29/2013
Monday
1:40 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
50
45
45
8/27/2013
Tuesday
4:52 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
58
53
Comments
MV2 traveling along West Street (US 20) EB stopped at RED
traffic signal. MV1 traveling behind MV2. MV1 fails to slow
for signal, strikes MV2 in rear.
MV1 & MV2 both turning left onto Plainfield Street EB from
Plainfield Street SB when front of MV1 made contact with
rear of MV2. MV2 reversed direction into MV1 after making
a wide left turn.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB, stopped at
a red light at Avocado Street intersection. MV2 operator's
foot slipped off clutch, causing MV2 to lurch forward and
strike rear of MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both stopped on West Street EB approach
waiting to turn left onto Plainfield Street NB. MV2 rearended MV1 when MV1 operator's foot slipped off the brake
pedal.
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB. MV2 was
stopped at a red light at Avocado Street intersection when it
was rear-ended by MV1.
46
1/14/2014
Tuesday
9:36 AM
Single-Vehicle
Crash
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Distracted
Property Damage Only
35
36
MV1 (large truck) travelling West Street EB through the
intersection of Plainfield and Avocado Streets when the
operator claimed his door started opening. In attempting to
close the door, the steering wheel jerked left and the vehicle
clipped a pole in the traffic island. Pole fell onto MV2.
47
1/16/2014
Thursday
3:24 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Swerving or avoiding due to wind,
slippery surfacce vehicle, object, nonmotorist in roadway, etc
Property Damage Only
28
28
MV1 travelling West Street EB and stopped at intersection at
Avocado Street. MV2 was following MV1 and was not able to
stop in time, thus rear-ending MV1.
MV1 travelling Plainfield Street WB and attempted to make
left hand turn onto Avocado Street. While making the turn,
MV1 was forced to make a sudden stop in traffic when it was
struck by MV2.
MV1 slowing in traffic while travelling Plainfield Street EB at
intersection of Avocado Street when struck in the rear by
MV2
MV1 travelling West Street EB when she rear ended MV2.
This caused MV2 to make contact with MV3.
48
1/22/2014
Wednesday
2:35 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Followed too closely
Property Damage Only
49
24
49
2/24/2014
Monday
1:54 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Wet
Followed too closely
Property Damage Only
50
54
50
2/25/2014
Tuesday
4:37 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
51
20
51
3/12/2014
Wednesday
12:56 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent, or aggressive manner
Property Damage Only
35
42
MV1 was heading north across West Street and turning left
due east on West Street when MV1 collided with MV2, which
was stopped at a traffic signal on Avocado Street NB.
7:37 PM
Single-Vehicle
Crash
N/A
MV1 travelling West Street WB was suddenly forced to veer
to the left due to an unknown vehicle forcing him off the
road. MV1 collided with a traffic pole.
52
4/16/2014
Wednesday
Dusk
Clear
Dry
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
No improper driving
Sheet 4 of 6
Property Damage Only
38
30
Crash Data Summary Table
West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
53
4/24/2014
Thursday
6:52 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
54
6/30/2014
Monday
4:03 PM
Cyclist
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Ages
D3
Comments
D1
D2
Property Damage Only
42
-
MV1 travelling West Street EB with MV2 following behind
when MV2 rear ended MV1 at the Avocado intersection.
Non-Fatal Injury
34
16
MV1 travelling West Street EB stopped at traffic signal.
Bicyclist travelling in shoulder next to MV1 hit a dirt patch,
lost control, and hit MV1. MV1 was stopped the entire time.
MV2 travelling Avocado Street NB going straight ahead
through Plainfield Street when MV1 was travelling at a high
rate of speed on Plainfield Street SB and attempting to make
a left turn onto West Street. MV2 made contact with MV1 as
MV1 was attempting to get through the intersection.
55
8/10/2014
Sunday
6:41 PM
Sideswipe Opposite
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent, or aggressive manner
Non-Fatal Injury
-
39
56
8/14/2014
Thursday
11:57 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
54
60
57
8/19/2014
Tuesday
4:22 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
53
45
58
9/5/2014
Friday
9:10 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
45
55
MV1 and MV2 travelling West Street EB. As MV's approached
the Avocado Street intersection, MV2 rear-ended MV1.
60
MV1, MV2, and MV3 travelling West Street EB when MV1
followed too closely and rear ended MV2, which was slowing
down. This lead to MV2 rear ending MV3. *Note that there
was very heavy traffic at this time
59
60
9/17/2014
11/22/2014
Wednesday
Saturday
2:47 PM
2:31 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Rear-end
Dark - Not
Lighted
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
Followed too closely
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
Property Damage Only
32
31
MV1 travelling West St. WB making stop for red traffic signal
at Avocado Street. MV2 approaching same intersection rearended MV1.
MV1 travelling Avocado Street NB, MV2 travelling Plainfield
Street SB. MV1 attempted to take a left onto West Street
when colliding with MV2.
39
MV1 travelling Plainfield Street SB, stopped at intersection of
West Street. MV2 was behing MV1, and upon a green traffic
signal, MV2 had believed that MV1 was advancing through
the intersection. MV2 then rear ended MV1.
52
MV1 and MV2 travelling Plainfield Street SB approaching
Avocado Street intersection. MV1 stopped, started to go,
then stopped again. Operator of MV2 did not see second
stop, and rear ended MV1.
MV1 and MV2 travelling West Street EB when MV2 rearended MV1 within the intersection of Avocado Street.
MV1 and MV2 (truck) travelling Plainfield Street SB. Both
vehicles were turning left onto West Street. As MV1 was
turning, MV2 struck the rear of MV1
61
12/1/2014
Monday
3:02 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
60
26
62
12/3/2014
Wednesday
9:26 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
23
53
63
12/15/2014
Monday
9:04 PM
Rear-end
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
33
22
64
12/6/2013
Friday
11:41 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Rain
Wet
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
34
26
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB. MV1 was
stopped for a red light at Avocado intersection when it was
rear-ended by MV2. MV2 slid on wet pavement.
58
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB through
Avocado Street intersection when MV1 struck MV3, sending
MV3 into MV2. MV3 had been waiting in left-turn lane on
West Street EB. After left arrow never turned to green, MV3
decided to attempt the left onto Plainfield Street NB anyhow.
65
12/17/2013
Tuesday
11:40 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Snow
Snow
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Failure to yield right-of-way
Sheet 5 of 6
Non-Fatal Injury
45
20
Crash Data Summary Table
West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
66
9/24/2012
Monday
12:32 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Other improper action
67
9/28/2012
Friday
10:56 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
68
12/2/2013
Monday
2:06 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
69
12/6/2013
Friday
11:41 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Rain
Ages
D2
Property Damage Only
33
39
MV1 and MV2 traveling SB on Avocado Street. MV2 jumped
the traffic island in an attempt to pass MV1. MV2 struck MV1
as MV1 attempted a left-turn into City Tire Store.
Failure to keep in lane or running of road
Property Damage Only
19
19
MV1 turning left from Plainfield Street onto West Street.
MV2 turning right from Avocado Street onto West Street.
Dry
Other improper action
Property Damage Only
46
54
MV1 and MV2 traveling NB on Plainfield Street in channelized
right-turn lane. MV1 stated foot slipped off brake.
Wet
Followed too closely
Property Damage Only
34
26
MV1 and MV2 traveling WB on Plainfield Street. MV1
stopped at red light. MV2 did not stop in time and struck
MV1.
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 6 of 6
D3
Comments
D1
Crash Data Summary Charts
West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014
West Street (US 20) @ Avocado Street
69
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
8
7
6
6
9
6
3
6
6
2
2
8
%
12%
10%
9%
9%
13%
9%
4%
9%
9%
3%
3%
12%
14%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
3
15
12
13
13
10
3
%
4%
22%
17%
19%
19%
14%
4%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Time of Day
6AM ‐ 9AM
9AM ‐ 12PM
12PM‐3PM
3PM ‐ 6PM
6PM ‐ 9PM
9PM ‐ 6AM
#
7
21
17
11
8
5
%
10%
30%
25%
16%
12%
7%
40%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head‐on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
3
41
14
5
3
3
0
%
4%
59%
20%
7%
4%
4%
0%
80%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown / NR
#
42
13
11
3
0
0
%
61%
19%
16%
4%
0%
0%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
#
51
15
3
0
%
74%
22%
4%
0%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
42
27
0
0
%
61%
39%
0%
0%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road
Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Excessive Speed
Medical History
Erratic / Aggressive Driving
Cellular Phone Use
Failure to Signal Turn
Swerving / Avoiding
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
8
1
8
24
0
0
1
3
0
1
1
14
8
%
12%
1%
12%
35%
0%
0%
1%
4%
0%
1%
1%
20%
12%
T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
30%
20%
10%
0%
6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM
60%
40%
20%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Rear‐end
Clear
Angled
Cloudy
Sideswipe Head‐on
Rain
Snow
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
Other
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET
CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD
DISTRICT :
2
COUNT DATE :
UNSIGNALIZED :
NO
Aug-13
SIGNALIZED :
YES
~ INTERSECTION DATA ~
MAJOR STREET :
WEST STREET / PLAINFIELD STREET
MINOR STREET(S) :
PLAINFIELD STREET
North
DIAGRAM
(Label Approaches)
West Street
Plainfield Street
Avocado St
INTERSECTION
Plainfield St
AVOCADO STREET
PEAK HOUR VOLUMES
APPROACH :
1
2
3
4
DIRECTION :
EB
WB
NB
SB
PEAK HOURLY
VOLUMES (AM/PM) :
1,181
1,830
159
380
" K " FACTOR :
0.090
INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY
APPROACH VOLUME :
TOTAL # OF CRASHES :
69
CRASH RATE CALCULATION :
# OF
YEARS :
1.20
4
AVERAGE # OF
CRASHES PER YEAR (
A):
RATE =
( A * 1,000,000 )
( V * 365 )
Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR
Project Title & Date:
5
MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA
Total Peak
Hourly
Approach
Volume
3,550
39,444
17.25
MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts
North
Not to Scale
LOCATION:
CITY/STATE:
TIME PERIOD:
PREPARED BY:
SOURCE:
Road Safety Audit
US Route 20 Corridor at Birnie Avenue Ramps
Springfield, Massachusetts
2011 - 2014
TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T.
MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department
1
4
5
6
9
8
10
11
23
15
12
16
18
19
20
22
25
24
3
13 14
7
21
X
17
T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\2_US ROUTE 20 CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_US ROUTE 20_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG
10/21/2015 3:51 PM
2
LEGEND
P
SHOW FOR COLLISION
VEHICLE PATH
HEAD-ON COLLISION
BACKING VEHICLE
ANGLED COLLISION
SIDESWIPE COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT COLLISION
PEDESTRIAN COLLISION
OVERTURNED VEHICLE
REAR-END COLLISION
OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE
FIXED OBJECT
1. Approximate location of collision,
2. Direction of collision,
3. Type of collision and vehicles involved,
4. Time, Day, Date
5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned
on the report.
MOVEABLE OBJECT
PARKED VEHICLE
PERSONAL INJURY
FATALITY
A
ANIMAL
SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions]
REAR-END
SIDESWIPE
HEAD-ON
ANGLED
SINGLE VEH
PED/BIKE
OTHER / UNK
TOTAL
PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
12
2
0
2
1
0
0
17
NON-FATAL INJURY
7
1
0
0
1
0
0
9
UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
19
3
0
2
2
0
0
26
Figure A-3
Collision Diagram
2011-2014 Collision Data
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
Crash Data Summary Table
Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ Birnie Avenue Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
1
2/5/2011
Saturday
12:10 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Slush
Swerving or avoiding due to vehicle
2
3/3/2011
Thursday
8:58 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
3
4/8/2011
Friday
4:09 PM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Cloudy
4
1/18/2012
Wednesday
10:57 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
5
3/7/2012
Wednesday
3:31 PM
Rear-end
6
3/13/2012
Tuesday
8:29 AM
7
5/15/2012
Tuesday
8
5/17/2012
9
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D2
Non-Fatal Injury
43
N/A
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
23
50
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
40
61
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
37
51
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
45
26
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
65
37
4:48 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Following too Closely
Non-Fatal Injury
50
26
Thursday
8:23 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
37
25
7/18/2012
Wednesday
6:55 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
50
41
10
9/13/2012
Thursday
6:54 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
47
30
11
11/1/2012
Thursday
9:55 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
46
75
12
3/3/2013
Sunday
6:21 PM
Rear-end
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
37
53
13
6/30/2013
Sunday
1:40 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to keep in proper lane
Property Damage Only
25
18
14
7/2/2013
Tuesday
10:47 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
55
77
MV1 was operating in center lane on Plainfield Street WB
when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was merging from Birnie
Avenue SB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp
toward Plainfield Street WB. MV2 stopped to yield for traffic
on Plainfield Street when it was rear-ended by MV1.
15
8/19/2013
Monday
8:56 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
21
46
16
11/19/2013
Tuesday
12:38 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
71
73
17
4/11/2014
Friday
3:15 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Following too Closely
Property Damage Only
27
27
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 1 of 2
D3
Comments
D1
MV1 was operating Plainfield Street WB when it was cut off
by MV2 merging from Birnie Avenue SB Off-Ramp onto
Plainfield Street WB. MV1 swerved to avoid MV2, crashing
into a snowbank.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street EB approaching
Birnie Avenue SB on-ramp. MV2 was rear-ended by MV1
when it stopped due to traffic.
MV1 was stopped in traffic on Plainfield Street WB
approaching Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp when it was
sideswiped by MV2. MV2 was attempting to change lanes
(right to left).
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Birnie Ramp SB. MV1 slammed
on brakes and caused contact.
MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie
Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1.
MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie
Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB in front of
Birnie Avenue ramp. MV1 struck by MV2.
MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie
Avenue SB off-ramp when MV1 rear-ended MV2.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Birnie Ramp SB. MV2 struck by
MV1.
MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie
Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1.
MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie
Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1 as MV2 was
looking over its shoulder at oncoming traffic.
MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie
Avenue SB off-ramp when MV1 rear-ended MV2.
MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB. MV2 cut over two lanes
while merging from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street WB, striking MV1.
MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie
Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1.
MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street (US 20) EB exiting onto
Birnie Avenue On-Ramp. MV1 comes to quick stop to avoid
collision with unknown vehicle on ramp. MV2 traveling
behind MV1 strikes MV1 in rear.
Crash Data Summary Table
Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ Birnie Avenue Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
18
6/12/2014
Thursday
10:02 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Driver Inattention
Property Damage Only
45
49
19
6/20/2014
Friday
11:16 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Following too Closely
Property Damage Only
26
58
20
8/12/2014
Tuesday
2:03 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
19
62
21
10/13/2014
Monday
7:20 AM
Single-Vehicle
Crash
Dawn
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
56
N/A
22
10/16/2014
Thursday
8:28 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
22
52
23
7/21/2011
Thursday
5:23 PM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Failure to keep in proper lane
Property Damage Only
23
32
24
8/12/2012
Sunday
4:38 AM
Sideswipe - Same
Dark - Lighted
Direction
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
21
-
25
3/3/2013
Sunday
6:21 PM
Clear
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
37
46
Rear-end
Dark - Lighted
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 2 of 2
D3
Comments
MV2 traveling along Birnie Avenue SB Off-Ramp comes to
complete stop at top of ramp at Plainfield Street (US 20).
MV1 traveling behind MV2. MV1 comes to stop behind MV2.
As MV2 begins to start up, MV2 follows looking over shoulder
at oncoming traffic. Assuming MV2 has departed, MV1
continues forward and strikes MV2 in rear.
MV2 traveling along Birnie Avenue SB Off-Ramp. MV1
traveling behind MV2. MV1 and MV2 had passed through
YIELD sign entering Plainfield Street (US 20) when MV2
suddenly stops in right lane to make lane change. MV1
strikes MV2 in rear.
MV1 travelling WB off Bernie Avenue at Plainfield Street
when collision occurred. Operator believed MV2 (in front of
MV1) was merging onto Plainfield Street, however MV2 had
stopped, causing MV1 to rear-end MV2.
MV1 travelling West Street EB when crossing railroad over
path bridge. The MV's tire struck a piece of Bridge Metal
Expansion joint causing a flat tire.
MV1 was entering traffic lane of Plainfield Street from Birnie
Avenue and was yielding for oncoming traffic when it was
rear-ended by MV2.
MV1 traveling SB on Birnie Avenue waiting to merge onto
Plainfield Street. MV2 attempted to pass MV1 on left and
struck MV1. MV2 fled the scene.
MV1 traveling SB on Birnie Avenue proceeded to merge onto
Plainfield Street. MV2 attempted to pass MV1 on left and
struck MV1. MV2 fled the scene. MV1 was sent into far side
guard rail.
MV1 and MV2 traveling SB on Birnie Ave ramp. MV2 struck
MV1.
Crash Data Summary Charts
Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ Birnie Avenue Ramps ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014
Plainfield Street (US 20) @ Birnie Avenue
25
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
1
1
5
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
2
0
%
4%
4%
20%
8%
8%
12%
12%
12%
4%
8%
8%
0%
25%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
4
2
5
3
7
3
1
%
16%
8%
20%
12%
28%
12%
4%
30%
Time of Day
6AM ‐ 9AM
9AM ‐ 12PM
12PM‐3PM
3PM ‐ 6PM
6PM ‐ 9PM
9PM ‐ 6AM
#
8
5
3
5
2
2
%
32%
20%
12%
20%
8%
8%
40%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head‐on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
7
12
3
3
0
0
0
%
28%
48%
12%
12%
0%
0%
0%
60%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown / NR
#
16
7
2
0
0
0
%
64%
28%
8%
0%
0%
0%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow / Slush
Unknown / NR
#
19
5
1
0
%
76%
20%
4%
0%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
17
8
0
0
%
68%
32%
0%
0%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Visibility Obstructed
Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Excessive Speed
Swerving / Avoiding
Erratic / Aggressive Driving
Cellular Phone Use
Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
3
0
1
13
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
2
3
%
12%
0%
4%
52%
0%
0%
4%
0%
0%
8%
0%
8%
12%
T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
20%
10%
0%
30%
20%
10%
0%
6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM
40%
20%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Rear‐end
Clear
Angled
Cloudy
Sideswipe Head‐on
Rain
Snow
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
Other
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow / Slush
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET
CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD
DISTRICT :
2
COUNT DATE :
UNSIGNALIZED :
YES
Aug-13
SIGNALIZED :
NO
~ INTERSECTION DATA ~
MINOR STREET(S) :
BIRNIE AVENUE RAMPS
INTERSECTION
North
DIAGRAM
(Label Approaches)
Plainfield Street
Plainfield Street
Birnie Ave
PLAINFIELD STREET
Birnie Ave
MAJOR STREET :
PEAK HOUR VOLUMES
APPROACH :
1
2
3
4
DIRECTION :
EB
WB
NB
SB
PEAK HOURLY
VOLUMES (AM/PM) :
1,458
1,425
" K " FACTOR :
0.090
INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY
APPROACH VOLUME :
TOTAL # OF CRASHES :
25
CRASH RATE CALCULATION :
# OF
YEARS :
0.47
405
4
AVERAGE # OF
CRASHES PER YEAR (
A):
RATE =
( A * 1,000,000 )
( V * 365 )
Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR
Project Title & Date:
5
MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA
Total Peak
Hourly
Approach
Volume
3,288
36,533
6.25
MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts
t
Nor
h
Not to Scale
US Route 20 Corridor at Interstate 91 Ramps
Springfield, Massachusetts
2011 - 2014
TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T.
MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department
6
LOCATION:
CITY/STATE:
TIME PERIOD:
PREPARED BY:
SOURCE:
Road Safety Audit
27
3
4
17
18
JJ
5
7
20
10
35
13
15
22
37
38
26
36
8
12
P
32
25 33
9
11
19
30
34
16
31
23
T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\2_US ROUTE 20 CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_US ROUTE 20_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG
10/22/2015 8:39 AM
14 28
1
24
29
21
2
LEGEND
P
SHOW FOR COLLISION
VEHICLE PATH
HEAD-ON COLLISION
BACKING VEHICLE
ANGLED COLLISION
SIDESWIPE COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT COLLISION
PEDESTRIAN COLLISION
OVERTURNED VEHICLE
REAR-END COLLISION
OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE
FIXED OBJECT
1. Approximate location of collision,
2. Direction of collision,
3. Type of collision and vehicles involved,
4. Time, Day, Date
5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned
on the report.
MOVEABLE OBJECT
PARKED VEHICLE
PERSONAL INJURY
FATALITY
A
ANIMAL
SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions]
REAR-END
SIDESWIPE
HEAD-ON
ANGLED
SINGLE VEH
PED/BIKE
OTHER / UNK
PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
17
0
0
2
4
0
0
23
NON-FATAL INJURY
9
0
0
4
0
1
0
14
TOTAL
UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
TOTAL
28
0
0
6
4
1
0
39
Figure A-4
Collision Diagram
2011-2014 Collision Data
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
Crash Data Summary Table
Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ I-91 NB Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
D3
Comments
1
2/12/2011
Saturday
9:42 PM
Single Vehicle
Dusk
Snow
Ice
Swerving or avoiding due to vehicle
Property Damage Only
27
N/A
MV1 operating Plainfield Street EB when it swerved to avoid
a pedestrian crossing Plainfield Street just west of I-91 NB offramp. MV1 struck a snowbank and rolled over.
2
2/26/2011
Saturday
1:02 AM
Rear-end
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Wet
Driving too fast for conditions
Property Damage Only
26
43
MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street EB. MV1 stopped at the yield sign at the end of the
ramp when it was rear-ended by MV2.
3
3/2/2011
Wednesday
9:02 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
46
36
MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street WB. MV2 was attempting to merge onto Plainfield
Street WB when it was rear-ended by MV1.
4
3/4/2011
Friday
9:08 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
55
39
MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street WB. MV2 was attempting to merge onto Plainfield
Street WB when it was rear-ended by MV1.
MV1 traveling along I-91NB Exit 9B Off-Ramp attempting
merge onto Plainfield Street (US 20) WB. MV2 traveling
behind MV1. MV2 failing to take care in stopping strikes MV2
in rear.
MV1 & MV2 were both stopped in traffic on the I-91 NB offramp when MV1 backed into MV2 (undercover police
cruiser). MV1 then attempted to flee the scene on Plainfield
Street WB.
MV2 traveling along I-91NB Exit 9B Off-Ramp stopped
yielding to Plainfield Street (US 20) WB traffic. MV1 traveling
behind MV2. MV1 failing to take care in stopping strikes MV2
in rear.
MV1, MV2, MV3 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. MV1
stopped for a pedestrian. MV3 struck MV2 and forced into
MV1.
MV1 & MV2 were both stopped in traffic on the I-91 NB Exit
9B off-ramp when MV1 rear ended MV2.
MV1 & MV2 were both stopped in traffic on the I-91 NB Exit
9B off-ramp when MV1 rear ended MV2.
5
5/19/2011
Thursday
8:09 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Following too Closely
Non-Fatal Injury
33
55
6
9/1/2011
Thursday
6:25 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent, or aggressive manner
Property Damage Only
17
42
7
10/2/2011
Sunday
10:26 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
49
46
8
1/15/2012
Sunday
1:32 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
53
18
9
2/15/2012
Wednesday
11:59 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
33
21
10
2/28/2012
Tuesday
2:03 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
51
36
11
2/28/2012
Tuesday
7:14 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Unknown
28
30
MV1 & MV2 were both stopped in traffic on the I-91 NB Exit
9A off-ramp when MV1 rear ended MV2. MV2 fled the scene.
12
9/27/2012
Thursday
12:10 PM
Pedestrian
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
45
70
MV1 traveling along I-91 NB exit 9B Off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street WB. Pedestraian attempting to cross Plainfield Street
SB.
13
10/25/2012
Thursday
4:05 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
41
51
MV1 was yielding to traffic on Plainfield Street WB as it exited
the I-91 NB off-ramp when it was rear-ended by MV2.
43
14
10/26/2012
Friday
5:32 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield right-of-way
Property Damage Only
37
72
MV1 traveling along I-91 NB exit 9A Off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street EB. MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street EB. MV1
exited ramp and attempted a u-turn to head west and struck
MV2.
15
11/13/2012
Tuesday
1:47 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Unknown
Unknown
46
-
MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. MV2 traveling
along I-91 NB exit 9B struck MV1. MV2 fled the scene.
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 1 of 3
Crash Data Summary Table
Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ I-91 NB Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
16
12/6/2012
Thursday
8:24 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Made an improper turn
17
12/11/2012
Tuesday
10:13 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
18
5/13/2013
Monday
2:41 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Ages
D3
Comments
D1
D2
Non-Fatal Injury
40
29
Inattention
Property Damage Only
48
38
Unknown
Property Damage Only
53
N/A
MV1 had just exited the I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street WB when it was run into the curb by an unknown MV.
58
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. MV1 in
right lane attempted a u-tutn by I-91 entrance ramp struck
MV2 in left lane.
MV1, MV2, MV3 traveling along Plainfield Street WB from I91 NB Exit 9B off-ramp. MV1 and MV2 stopped in traffic.
MV3 struck MV2 and pushed into MV1.
19
5/19/2013
Sunday
12:02 AM
Rear-end
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Other improper action
Property Damage Only
56
23
MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street WB. MV2 (behind MV1) stopped to yield for traffic
and then proceeded forward into rear of MV1. MV2 didn't
realize MV1 was still stopped yielding for traffic.
20
7/5/2013
Friday
3:43 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
31
43
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street WB. MV1 was rear-ended by MV2, which was rearended by MV3.
21
9/2/2013
Monday
1:48 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
18
N/A
MV1 was exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street EB at
a high rate of speed when it struck the curved curb and the
posted yield sign. MV1 then rolled over, with operator of
MV1 exiting MV1 & fleeing on foot.
22
9/7/2013
Saturday
5:22 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
38
56
MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield
Street WB. MV2 was attempting to merge onto Plainfield
Street WB when it was rear-ended by MV1.
MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB. MV2 operating
Plainfield Street EB attempting to turn left onto I-91 NB onramp when it was struck by MV1. MV1 was operating at a
high rate of speed. Unclear who the driver of MV1 was.
23
10/8/2013
Tuesday
10:23 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Exceeded authorized speed limit
Non-Fatal Injury
-
74
24
12/2/2013
Monday
2:06 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
46
54
25
1/25/2014
Saturday
7:02 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to keep in proper lane
Non-Fatal injury
52
24
26
3/24/2014
Monday
4:15 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Other improper action
Non-Fatal Injury
-
-
27
4/10/2014
Wednesday
1:52 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
23
50
28
4/26/2014
Saturday
7:46 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Cloudy
Wet
Other Improper Action
Non-Fatal injury
18
27
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 2 of 3
MV1 & MV2 both turning right onto Plainfield Street EB from
I-91 NB off-ramp when MV1 rear-ended MV2 as MV2 was
stopped yielding for traffic.
MV1 travelling in left lane of Plainfield Street WB, MV2 just
entered Plainfield Street WB from I-91 access road off-ramp.
MV2 (which was in right lane) attemted to cross into left lane,
making contact with MV1.
MV1 and MV2 operating on I-91N off-ramp. MV2 was
stopped in order to yield the right of way. Operator of MV1
claims she was stopped behind MV2, but her foot came off
the brake, thus rear-ending MV2.
MV1 coming off 91N off-ramp onto Plainfield Street, followed
by MV2. MV1 stopped at end of ramp waiting for oncoming
traffic to go by as MV2 rear-ended MV1.
MV1 travelling left lane Plainfield Street EB, MV2 had exited
from I-91 exit ramp and was attempting U-turn around traffic
island. MV1 made contact with MV2 in the midst of the Uturn.
Crash Data Summary Table
Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ I-91 NB Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
29
Crash Date
5/3/2014
Day of Week
Saturday
Time of
Day
12:58 PM
Manner of
Collision
Rear-End
Light Condition
Daylight
Weather
Condition
Clear
Road
Surface
Dry
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Inattention
Crash Severity
Non-Fatal injury
Ages
D1
31
D2
D3
Comments
MV1 and MV2 travelling I-91 NB off-ramp to Plainfield Street
EB. Both vehicles slowed to a stop to yield the right of way.
MV1 proceeded to move forward, then stop again. MV2 did
not see the second stop, thus rear-ending MV1.
25
MV1 exiting 91N off-ramp with MV2 directly behind it. MV1
stopped to yield to traffic on Planfield Street when MV2 rearended MV1.
MV1 travelling Plainfield Street WB when striking a utility
pole, causing it to come down. Driver fled the scene. Pole
located just prior to I-91 NB on-ramp.
30
7/21/2014
Monday
9:00 AM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
20
29
31
10/2/2014
Thursday
12:55 AM
Single Vehicle
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Unknown
Property Damage Only
46
N/A
Property Damage Only
20
45
MV1 and MV2 travelling south on I-91 off-ramp to Plainfield
Street. Operator of MV1 (Tow truck) was attempting to pull
onto Plainfield Street from the off-ramp, but his tow truck
rolled back and made contact with MV2.
MV1 travelling Plainfield Street WB was coming to a stop.
MV2 collided with MV1 when coming off the I-91 off-ramp.
32
10/29/2014
Wednesday
4:50 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent or aggressive manner
33
12/12/2014
Friday
8:47 PM
Rear-end
Dark - Lighted
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
50
25
34
7/5/2011
Tuesday
6:42 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
19
48
35
5/29/2012
Tuesday
1:17 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Following too Closely
Property Damage Only
22
27
78
36
11/26/2012
Monday
6:05 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Operating defective equipment
Non-Fatal Injury
68
54
45
37
8/29/2013
Thursday
6:05 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Following too Closely
Property Damage Only
28
48
38
11/6/2013
Wednesday
3:50 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Following too Closely
Property Damage Only
54
24
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 3 of 3
MV1 and MV2 traveling SB from ramp attempting to merge
onto Plainfield Street WB.
MV1, MV2, and MV3 traveling WB on Plainfield Street just
west of West St on ramp to I-91 NB / I-291 EB. MV2 and MV3
were stopped in traffic. MV1 struck MV2 and forced into
MV3.
MV1, MV2, and MV3 traveling SB on ramp from I-91 NB. MV1
gas pedal got stuck causing a collision with MV2 and MV3.
MV1 and MV2 traveling SB from ramp attempting to merge
onto Plainfield Street WB.
MV1 and MV2 traveling SB from ramp attempting to merge
onto Plainfield Street WB.
Crash Data Summary Charts
Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ I‐91 NB Ramps ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014
Plainfield Street (US 20) @ I‐91 NB Ramps
38
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
2
5
3
2
5
0
3
1
4
6
3
4
%
5%
13%
8%
5%
13%
0%
8%
3%
11%
16%
8%
11%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
3
6
7
4
8
4
6
%
8%
16%
18%
11%
21%
11%
16%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Time of Day
6AM ‐ 9AM
9AM ‐ 12PM
12PM‐3PM
3PM ‐ 6PM
6PM ‐ 9PM
9PM ‐ 6AM
#
3
6
8
7
7
7
%
8%
16%
21%
18%
18%
18%
30%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head‐on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
4
27
6
0
0
1
0
%
11%
71%
16%
0%
0%
3%
0%
80%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown / NR
#
29
6
2
1
0
0
%
76%
16%
5%
3%
0%
0%
100%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow / Ice
Unknown / NR
#
32
5
1
0
%
84%
13%
3%
0%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
22
14
0
2
%
58%
37%
0%
5%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Visibility Obstructed
Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Excessive Speed
Swerving / Avoiding
Erratic / Aggressive Driving
Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road
Made an Improper Turn
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
4
0
2
10
0
2
1
2
1
1
1
5
9
%
11%
0%
5%
26%
0%
5%
3%
5%
3%
3%
3%
13%
24%
T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx
20%
10%
0%
6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM
60%
40%
20%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe Head‐on
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
50%
0%
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow / Ice
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET
CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD
DISTRICT :
2
COUNT DATE :
UNSIGNALIZED :
YES
Aug-13
SIGNALIZED :
NO
~ INTERSECTION DATA ~
MINOR STREET(S) :
I-91 NB RAMPS
INTERSECTION
North
DIAGRAM
(Label Approaches)
Plainfield Street
Plainfield Street
I-91 Ramp
PLAINFIELD STREET
I-91 Ramp
MAJOR STREET :
PEAK HOUR VOLUMES
APPROACH :
1
2
3
4
DIRECTION :
EB
WB
NB
SB
PEAK HOURLY
VOLUMES (AM/PM) :
697
701
108
871
" K " FACTOR :
0.090
TOTAL # OF CRASHES :
38
CRASH RATE CALCULATION :
INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY
APPROACH VOLUME :
# OF
YEARS :
0.99
4
AVERAGE # OF
CRASHES PER YEAR (
A):
RATE =
( A * 1,000,000 )
( V * 365 )
Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR
Project Title & Date:
5
MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA
Total Peak
Hourly
Approach
Volume
2,377
26,411
9.50
th
or
N
MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts
Not to Scale
US Route 20 Corridor at John Street, McDonald's Driveway, & St. George Cathedral's Driveway
Springfield, Massachusetts
2011 - 2014
TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T.
MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department
10
7
LOCATION:
CITY/STATE:
TIME PERIOD:
PREPARED BY:
SOURCE:
Road Safety Audit
12
8
3
1
9
2 11
P
13
4 5
T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\2_US ROUTE 20 CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_US ROUTE 20_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG
10/21/2015 3:51 PM
6
P
LEGEND
P
SHOW FOR COLLISION
VEHICLE PATH
HEAD-ON COLLISION
BACKING VEHICLE
ANGLED COLLISION
SIDESWIPE COLLISION
FIXED OBJECT COLLISION
PEDESTRIAN COLLISION
OVERTURNED VEHICLE
REAR-END COLLISION
OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE
FIXED OBJECT
1. Approximate location of collision,
2. Direction of collision,
3. Type of collision and vehicles involved,
4. Time, Day, Date
5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned
on the report.
MOVEABLE OBJECT
PARKED VEHICLE
PERSONAL INJURY
FATALITY
A
ANIMAL
SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM
REAR-END
SIDESWIPE
HEAD-ON
ANGLED
SINGLE VEH
PED/BIKE
OTHER / UNK
TOTAL
PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
1
2
0
2
1
0
0
6
NON-FATAL INJURY
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
5
FATAL INJURY
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
TOTAL
3
3
0
3
2
1
1
13
Figure A-5
Collision Diagram
2011-2014 Collision Data
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
Crash Data Summary Table
Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ John Street - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
1
9/20/2011
Monday
Sideswipe - Same
12:12 PM
Direction
2
12/7/2011
Thursday
1:55 PM
Angle
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
32
27
3
1/9/2012
Sunday
4:45 PM
Single Vehicle
Crash
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
86
N/A
4
1/18/2012
Sunday
1:48 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
47
24
5
4/26/2012
Wednesday
9:45 AM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road
markings
Non-Fatal Injury
25
25
6
8/24/2012
Sunday
4:04 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Non-Fatal Injury
69
23
7
11/9/2012
Wednesday
1:19 PM
Rear End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Unknown
56
-
8
12/7/2012
Thursday
11:14 PM
Single Vehicle
Crash
Dark-Lighted
Rain
Wet
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
40
N/A
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Unknown
Property Damage Only
40
44
D3
Comments
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB approaching
McDonald's driveway. MV2 sideswiped MV1 as it attempted
to turn right into McDonald's from left lane. MV1 was
operating in right lane.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street EB. MV1 was in
left left; MV2 was in right lane. MV2 had right blinker on as if
turning right onto John Street when MV1 passed in the left
lane. Instead, MV2 suddenly started turning left as if to turn
into McDonald's, striking MV1.
MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street WB, drifted into center
island.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street EB. MV1
attempting to turn left into McDonalds when rear ended by
MV2.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street EB. MV1
attempting to turn left into McDonalds when rear ended by
MV2.
MV1 traveling along John Street EB making a left turn. MV2
traveling along Plainfield Street SB. MV2 hit a fire hydrant on
SE corner after initial collision.
MV1 and MV2 traveling along McDonalds Driveway SB. MV1
rear ended by MV2. MV2 fled the scene
MV1 traveling on Plainfield Street WB struck a light pole and
flipped over in front of I-91 NB on-ramp.
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
N/A
36
MV1 was parked on Plainfield Street NB just south of the
church parking lot driveway when it was sideswiped by MV2
(PVTA bus). MV2 was attempting to pull over to access the
bus stop just north of the church parking lot driveway.
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
-
22
MV2 was exiting McDonald's parking lot when its rear
bumper was struck by the rear bumper of MV1.
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
81
43
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street EB. MV1 in right
lane, MV2 in left lane. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 attempted to
turn left into McDonald's from right lane.
4:54 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Failure to keep in proper lane
Property Damage Only
54
34
MV1 traveling EB on Plainfield Street. MV2 attempted to
enter travel lane from the right without a directional and
struck MV1. Accident occurred near 33 Plainfield Street.
7:49 PM
Pedestrian
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Fatal
61
-
Accident occurred near 33 Plainfield Street. MV1 traveling
WB on Plainfield Street. Pedestrian was attempting to cross
SB across Plainfield Street.
Sideswipe - Same
Dark - Lighted
Direction
9
5/3/2013
Thursday
9:39 PM
10
8/4/2013
Sunday
2:43 AM
Rear-to-Rear
11
9/18/2013
Monday
11:52 AM
12
3/7/2012
Wednesday
13
5/14/2013
Tuesday
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 1 of 1
Crash Data Summary Charts
Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ John Street ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014
Plainfield Street (US 20) @ John Street
13
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
2
0
1
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
1
2
%
15%
0%
8%
8%
15%
0%
0%
15%
15%
0%
8%
15%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
1
1
2
4
1
4
0
%
8%
8%
15%
31%
8%
31%
0%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Time of Day
6AM ‐ 9AM
9AM ‐ 12PM
12PM‐3PM
3PM ‐ 6PM
6PM ‐ 9PM
9PM ‐ 6AM
#
0
2
4
3
1
3
%
0%
15%
31%
23%
8%
23%
40%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head‐on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
2
3
3
3
0
1
1
%
15%
23%
23%
23%
0%
8%
8%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown / NR
#
8
2
3
0
0
0
%
62%
15%
23%
0%
0%
0%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
#
10
3
0
0
%
77%
23%
0%
0%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
6
5
1
1
%
46%
38%
8%
8%
50%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Visibility Obstructed
Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Excessive Speed
Glare
Erratic / Aggressive Driving
Cellular Phone Use
Failure to Signal Turn
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
0
0
1
5
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
%
0%
0%
8%
38%
8%
0%
8%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
38%
T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx
30%
20%
10%
0%
6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM
Single
Vehicle
Rear‐end
Clear
Angled
Cloudy
Sideswipe Head‐on
Rain
Snow
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
Other
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
0%
Property Damage
Only
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
Non‐Fatal Injury
INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET
CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD
DISTRICT :
2
COUNT DATE :
UNSIGNALIZED :
YES
May-15
SIGNALIZED :
NO
~ INTERSECTION DATA ~
MAJOR STREET :
PLAINFIELD STREET
MINOR STREET(S) :
JOHN STREET
North
DIAGRAM
(Label Approaches)
Plainfield Street
Plainfield Street
John St
INTERSECTION
McDonald's
MCDONALD'S DRIVEWAY
PEAK HOUR VOLUMES
APPROACH :
1
2
3
4
DIRECTION :
EB
WB
NB
SB
PEAK HOURLY
VOLUMES (AM/PM) :
500
676
10
48
" K " FACTOR :
0.090
TOTAL # OF CRASHES :
13
CRASH RATE CALCULATION :
INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY
APPROACH VOLUME :
# OF
YEARS :
0.65
4
AVERAGE # OF
CRASHES PER YEAR (
A):
RATE =
( A * 1,000,000 )
( V * 365 )
Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR
Project Title & Date:
5
MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA
Total Peak
Hourly
Approach
Volume
1,234
13,711
3.25
Crash Data Summary Table
US Route 20 Corridor (Between North End Bridge and Main Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
A
1/11/2011
Tuesday
9:05 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
B
1/26/2011
Wednesday
2:24 PM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Failure to keep in proper lane
Property Damage Only
Ages
D2
28
65
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street. MV2 stopped for a pedestrian in a crosswalk when it
was rear-ended by MV1.
23
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street. MV1 in right lane, MV2 in left lane. MV1 did not see
MV2 and attempted to change into left lane. MV1 struck
MV2, sending both vehicles into a snowbank in the median.
46
C
7/23/2011
Saturday
12:10 AM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
26
40
D
9/6/2011
Tuesday
5:03 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
No improper driving
Non-Fatal Injury
78
29
E
9/9/2011
Friday
1:12 PM
Sideswipe - Same
Direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
51
-
F
10/14/2011
Friday
7:08 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Rain
Wet
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Property Damage Only
63
23
D3
MV1 operating West Street EB when it struck MV2 exiting 77
West Street. MV2 was attempting to turn left onto West
Street WB.
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street. MV1 stopped for a pedestrian in the roadway when it
was rear-ended by MV2.
MV1 (motorcycle) had just entered West Street EB from Pride
Gas Station when it was sideswipe by MV2, operating West
Street EB. MV2 fled the scene.
MV1 was attempting a right turn out of Pride Gas Station
onto West Street EB when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was
operating West Street EB in the left lane.
MV1 operating West Street EB just over bridge when it struck
MV2. MV2 was exiting Pride Gas Station attempting a left
turn onto West Street WB. MV2 fled the scene.
G
10/19/2011
Wednesday
6:32 AM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Cloudy
Wet
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
26
-
H
10/22/2011
Saturday
4:55 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
54
20
I
10/28/2011
Friday
1:33 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
62
65
22
J
11/8/2011
Tuesday
4:24 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
24
20
-
K
1/13/2012
Friday
1:56 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
80
19
L
2/1/2012
Wednesday
9:46 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
33
33
M
2/6/2012
Monday
3:25 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
71
35
N
2/9/2012
Thursday
5:09 PM
Rear-End
Dusk
Cloudy
Wet
Inattention
Property Damage Only
45
45
O
3/2/2012
Friday
11:02 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Distracted
Property Damage Only
50
40
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 1 of 3
Comments
D1
30
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street. MV1 rear-ended MV2 while both cars were stuck in
traffic.
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street. MV2 & MV3 were stopped in traffic when MV1 rearended MV2, forcing MV2 into rear of MV3.
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street. MV2 & MV3 were stopped in traffic when MV1 rearended MV2, forcing MV2 into rear of MV3.
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB when MV1 rearended MV2, which had stopped in front of 77 West Street
due to traffic.
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB. MV1 stopped in
traffic in front of 77 West Street when it was rear-ended by
MV2.
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street WB near 77 West
Street. MV1 was slowing in traffic when it was rear-ended by
MV2.
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street. MV1 & MV2 were stopped in traffic when MV3 rearended MV2, forcing MV2 into rear of MV1.
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street WB near 77 West
Street. MV1 was slowing in traffic when it was rear-ended by
MV2.
Crash Data Summary Table
US Route 20 Corridor (Between North End Bridge and Main Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
Ages
D1
D2
P
4/6/2012
Friday
3:12 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
30
31
Q
6/6/2012
Wednesday
2:27 PM
Rear-end
Daylight
Cloudy
Wet
Following too Closely / Driving too Fast
for Conditions
Property Damage Only
NR
NR
R
6/20/2012
Wednesday
6:38 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
25
19
S
7/2/2012
Monday
7:12 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Other improper action
Non-Fatal Injury
33
28
T
8/29/2012
Wednesday
8:55 PM
Pedestrian
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Non-Fatal Injury
-
46
U
11/15/2012
Thursday
12:13 AM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
65
18
V
2/1/2013
Friday
4:12 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
-
48
W
3/14/2013
Thursday
11:45 AM
Angle
Daylight
Cloudy
Dry
Failure to yield the right-of-way
Non-Fatal Injury
20
23
X
9/6/2013
Friday
11:18 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Non-Fatal Injury
68
20
D3
47
Comments
MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street. MV1 & MV2 (box truck) were stopped behind another
MV which had stopped for pedestrians crossing the street.
MV3 rear-ended MV2, pushing MV2 into rear of MV1.
MV1 traveling along West Street (US 20) EB east of Riverside
Road slowing in traffic for Avocado Street. MV2 immediately
behind MV1. MV2 strikes MV1 in rear.
MV1 was attempting a left turn out of Pride Gas Station onto
West Street WB when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was
operating West Street EB.
MV1 was attempting a left turn out of Pride Gas Station onto
West Street WB when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was
operating West Street EB.
MV1 operating West Street EB when it struck a pedestrian
crossing the street toward 77 West Street. MV1 fled the
scene.
MV1 (large truck) & MV2 both operating West Street EB.
MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 attempted a wide right turn from
the left lane into the Pride Gas Station.
MV2 was attempting left turn from Pride Gas Station onto
West Street EB when it was struck by MV1. MV1 drove on
the inside of MV2, striking front driver's panel. MV1 then fled
the scene.
MV2 operating West Street EB when it struck MV1 exiting 77
West Street. MV1 was attempting to turn left onto West
Street WB.
MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street EB on the
overpass over I-91 when MV2 rear-ended MV1. MV1 had
stopped in traffic.
Y
9/18/2013
Wednesday
12:56 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Unknown
Property Damage Only
21
20
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street when MV1 became stuck behind a bus unloading
passengers. MV2, behind MV1, attempted to change lanes
but struck MV1 as MV1 tried to move around the bus.
Z
11/22/2013
Friday
7:58 AM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Operating defective equipment
Property Damage Only
51
52
MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West
Street. MV2 was stopped in traffic when it was rear-ended by
MV1. MV1's brakes failed.
AA
2/6/2014
Thursday
6:22 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Clear
Dry
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless,
careless, negligent or aggressive manner
Property Damage Only
26
-
BB
7/18/2014
Friday
6:39 AM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Other Improper Action
Non-Fatal injury
36
36
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 2 of 3
27
MV1, MV2 (minivan), and MV3 (tractor trailer) travelling
West Street WB near 77 West Street. MV1 changed lanes
abruptly, cutting off MV2, causing a collision. MV1 was then
redirected and collided into MV3.
MV1 exiting gas station parking lot, attempting to take left
turn onto West Street (WB). MV3 (travelling right lane EB
West Street) stopped to let MV1 out, but MV2 (travelling left
lane EB West Street) did not see MV1 come out, thus colliding
with each other.
Crash Data Summary Table
US Route 20 Corridor (Between North End Bridge and Main Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014
Crash
Diagram
Reference
Crash Date
Day of Week
Time of
Day
Manner of
Collision
Light Condition
Weather
Condition
Road
Surface
Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive
Description)
Crash Severity
CC
7/29/2014
Tuesday
4:36 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
Ages
D3
Comments
D1
D2
89
45
MV1 travelling West Street WB behind MV2 near 77 West
Street. MV2 slowed for traffic when MV1 rear-ended him.
MV1 and MV2 (truck) travelling West Street WB near 77 West
Street with MV1 in right lane and MV2 in left lane. Operator
of MV2 believed that MV1 was merging into his lane. MV1
attempted to veer left but made contact with MV2.
DD
12/2/2014
Tuesday
4:31 PM
Angle
Dark - Lighted
Cloudy
Dry
Failed to yield right of way
Property Damage Only
49
32
EE
12/15/2014
Monday
1:41 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
55
28
FF
11/1/2011
Tuesday
2:45 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Exceeded authorized speed limit
Property Damage Only
49
20
GG
4/20/2012
Friday
1:12 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
Property Damage Only
22
55
HH
8/29/2012
Wednesday
4:42 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Following too Closely
Property Damage Only
46
33
II
10/2/2012
Tuesday
3:40 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Following too Closely
Non-Fatal Injury
27
78
Accident occurred near 77 West Street. All vehicles traveling
EB. MV2 stopped quickly and skidded on wet roadway.
JJ
11/13/2012
Tuesday
1:47 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Unknown
Property Damage Only
46
-
MV1 and MV2 traveling WB on Plainfield Street between I-91
N exit 9B and West Street. MV1 fled the scene.
KK
10/7/2013
Monday
4:16 PM
Rear-End
Daylight
Rain
Wet
Other improper action
Property Damage Only
59
19
Accident occurred near 77 West Street. All vehicles traveling
WB. MV2 stated they were unaware that MV1 was stopping.
N/A
N/A
3/2/2012
8/8/2013
Friday
Thursday
12:25 PM
8:08 AM
Angle
Rear-end
Daylight
Daylight
Cloudy
Cloudy
Dry
Dry
Unknown
No improper driving
Property Damage Only
Property Damage Only
26
54
31
54
Accident occurred near 77 West Street.
Accident occurred near 77 West Street.
T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table
Sheet 3 of 3
MV2 (truck) travelling West Street EB near 77 West Street
with MV1 following behind. MV1 did not see truck (MV2)
stop, and rear ended him.
Accident occurred near 126 West Street. All vehicles traveling
WB.
Accident occurred near 41 West Street. All vehicles traveling
EB.
Accident occurred near 77 West Street. All vehicles traveling
WB on North End Bridge in heavy traffic.
Crash Data Summary Charts
US Route 20 Corridor (Between North End Bridge and Main Street) ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts
1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014
US Route 20 Corridor
39
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
#
3
5
3
2
0
2
4
3
4
6
5
2
%
8%
13%
8%
5%
0%
5%
10%
8%
10%
15%
13%
5%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Day of Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
#
0
4
8
8
5
12
2
%
0%
10%
21%
21%
13%
31%
5%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Time of Day
6AM ‐ 9AM
9AM ‐ 12PM
12PM‐3PM
3PM ‐ 6PM
6PM ‐ 9PM
9PM ‐ 6AM
#
6
5
11
12
3
2
%
15%
13%
28%
31%
8%
5%
40%
Manner of Collision
Single Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe
Head‐on
Ped/Bike
Unknown / Other
#
0
23
14
1
0
1
0
%
0%
59%
36%
3%
0%
3%
0%
80%
Weather Conditions
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown / NR
#
22
11
6
0
0
0
%
56%
28%
15%
0%
0%
0%
60%
Road Surface
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
#
28
11
0
0
%
72%
28%
0%
0%
100%
Crash Severity
Property Damage Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
#
24
15
0
0
%
62%
38%
0%
0%
100%
50%
0%
Main Contributing Factor from Narrative
Following Too Closely
Visibility Obstructed
Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way
Innattention / Distracted
Disregarded Traffic Controls
Excessive Speed
Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road
Erratic / Aggressive Driving
Cellular Phone Use
Failure to Signal Turn
Vehicle Malfunction
No Improper Driving
Other / Unknown
#
3
0
4
11
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
4
13
%
8%
0%
10%
28%
0%
3%
3%
3%
0%
0%
3%
10%
33%
T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx
30%
20%
10%
0%
6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM
60%
40%
20%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Rear‐end
Angled
Sideswipe Head‐on
Ped/Bike Unknown /
Other
40%
20%
0%
Clear
Cloudy
Rain
Snow
Other
Unknown /
NR
50%
0%
Dry
Wet
Snow
Unknown / NR
Property Damage
Only
Non‐Fatal Injury
Fatal Injury
Unknown / NR
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Sheet 1 of 1
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix D: Volume Data
Not to Scale
MGM Springfield Off-Site Transportation Improvements - Springfield, Massachusetts
Functional Design Report
th
or
N
T:\T0454\CAD\Highway\Graphics\Functional Design Report\T0454_FDR_Traffic Networks_2015 Base Year.dwg 10/9/2015 1:56:41 PM
North
Figure 2A
TEC, Inc.
65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101
Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842
(978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154
www.TheEngineeringCorp.com
2015 Base Year Conditions
Weekday Morning, Evening, and
Saturday Midday
Peak Hour Traffic Volumes
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Appendix E: Road Safety Audit References
Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield
Nitsch Engineering 11214
Road Safety Audit References
Massachusetts
Traffic
Safety
www.mhd.state.ma.us/safetytoolbox.
Toolbox,
Massachusetts
Highway
Department,
Road Safety Audits, A Synthesis of Highway Practice. NCHRP Synthesis 336. Transportation Research
Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 2004.
Road Safety Audits. Institute of Transportation Engineers and U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal
Highway Administration, www.roadwaysafetyaudits.org.
FHWA Road Safety Audit Guidelines.
Administration, 2006.
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Road Safety Audit, 2nd edition. Austroads, 2000.
Road Safety Audits. ITE Technical Council Committee 4S-7. Institute of Transportation Engineers,
February 1995.