ROAD SAFETY AUDIT U.S. Route 20 Corridor from Riverside Road to John Street City of Springfield December 15, 2015 Prepared For: MassDOT Highway Division Prepared By: Nitsch Engineering 2 Center Plaza, Suite 430 Boston, MA 02108 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Table of Contents Project Data ................................................................................................................................. 1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 3 Project Location and Description .............................................................................................. 3 Audit Observations ................................................................................................................... 14 Potential Safety Enhancements ............................................................................................... 30 Summary of Road Safety Audit ............................................................................................... 35 List of Tables Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members ........................................................................................ 1 Table 2. Time Frame and Costs Breakdown ....................................................................................... 35 Tables 3 – 6. Potential Safety Enhancement Summaries…………………………………………36-41 List of Figures Figure L-1: Locus Map ........................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 1: Audit Study Area Map ........................................................................................................... 8 Figure 2: Study Intersection 1................................................................................................................ 9 Figure 3: Study Intersection 2.............................................................................................................. 10 Figure 4: Study Intersection 3.............................................................................................................. 11 Figure 5: Study Intersection 4.............................................................................................................. 12 Figure 6: Study Intersection 5.............................................................................................................. 13 List of Appendices Appendix A: RSA Meeting Agenda Appendix B: RSA Audit Team Contact List Appendix C: Detailed Crash Data Appendix D: Volume Data Appendix E: Road Safety Audit References Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Project Data Nitsch Engineering has been retained by TEC, Inc. on behalf of BlueTarp reDevelopment, LLC to complete a series of Road Safety Audits (RSAs) for the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT), which are associated with the design of a proposed MGM casino redevelopment in Springfield, Massachusetts. MassDOT requested RSAs for eight locations in the vicinity of the project site, which is located in the City of Springfield and bounded by State Street to the north, Union Street to the south, Main Street to the east, and East Columbus Avenue to the west. The Locus Map of the study area, including the proposed project site and the eight RSA locations, is shown in Figure L-1. This report outlines the seventh of the eight locations, referred to as the “U.S. Route 20 Corridor”. The U.S. Route 20 Corridor is roughly 0.5 miles in length, located approximately 1 mile north of the project site, and includes the following intersections: U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Company Driveway U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps Plainfield Street at Interstate 91 (I-91) Northbound Ramps Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George Cathedral’s Driveway The RSA for the U.S. Route 20 Corridor occurred on Monday, November 23, 2015. As indicated in Table 1 below, the audit team consisted of representatives from the City of Springfield, MassDOT Traffic Operations and Highway Safety, MassDOT District 2, Pioneer Valley Planning Commission, and TEC, Inc. The group observed operations with respect to safety at the study intersections and this report documents the audit team’s findings. The RSA agenda can be found in Appendix A. Contact information for the team members can be found in Appendix B. Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members Name Jane Davis Jeff Bandini Samuel Gregorio Kevin Dandrade John Mastera William Ullom Dmitriy Mayboroda Khyati Parmar Luke Hayes Laura Hanson Matthew Sokop Sgt. Mel K. Kwatowski Agency/Affiliation Nitsch Engineering Nitsch Engineering TEC, Inc. TEC, Inc. MassDOT Highway Safety MassDOT Traffic Operations Fuss & O’Neill (representing City of Springfield) Pioneer Valley Planning Commission MassDOT District 2 – Traffic MassDOT District 2 – Projects Springfield Department of Public Works Springfield Police Department Page 1 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Figure L-1: Locus Map MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits Location 7: U.S. Route 20 Corridor Springfield, MA Data Source: MassGIS Nitsch Project #11214 Page 2 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Background The Road Safety Audit (RSA) is one of the first steps in the design process as well as a necessary step for the project to be eligible to receive Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) federal funds for construction, if applicable. Due to the nature of these RSAs in relation to the proposed MGM Casino redevelopment, not all locations are HSIP eligible, however, they have been deemed high crash locations. For U.S. Route 20 Corridor, the following intersections are eligible for HSIP funding: U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street Plainfield Street at Interstate 91 (I-91) Northbound Ramps Plainfield Street at John Street The goal of the RSA is to identify potential safety issues that can be addressed with short-term improvements, immediately or in the near future, and long-term improvements that can be incorporated into a future design project. The RSA is a multidisciplinary collaborative process by state, municipal, law enforcement, public works, and design consultants. The process involves conducting a meeting to discuss current crash data and safety issues at the site, visiting the site to discuss possible solutions that would improve safety, and preparing a written report that outlines the safety issues discussed along with the costs and timeline for implementing improvements. Project Location and Description The Audit Study Area Map of U.S. Route 20 is shown in Figure 1. The existing conditions for each study intersection are described below and aerial maps of the study intersections is shown in Figures 2 through 6. The U.S. Route 20 Corridor is roughly 0.5 miles in length and located approximately one mile north of the proposed MGM site. The roadway is classified as an urban principal arterial that runs in an east-west direction through the audit area. Within Massachusetts, U.S. Route 20 runs from the western border of the state in the Town of Pittsfield, through the study area, where it coincides with West Street and Plainfield Street along the study corridor, and diverges from Plainfield Street at the Birnie Avenue ramps for I-291, to its eastern terminus in the City of Boston. In the vicinity of the study area, West Street is approximately 0.5 miles long and runs in an east-west direction, with its western terminus at the rotary with Route 5 and Park Street in the City of West Springfield, and its eastern terminus at the intersection with Avocado Street, where West Street becomes Plainfield Street. Plainfield Street is approximately two miles long and runs in a general north-south direction, with its northern terminus at Center Street and its southern terminus at Main Street. Within the study area, the U.S. Route 20 Corridor has no posted speed limit, however, the City notes a 30 mile per hour (mph) speed limit unless otherwise posted. U.S. Route 20 Corridor is maintained by the City of Springfield with the exception of the sections of roadway in the vicinity of the Birnie Avenue ramps, the I-91 Northbound ramps, and the bridge over I-91, which are maintained by MassDOT. Page 3 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Co. Driveway U.S. Route 20 (West Street) and Riverside Road intersect to form a three-way signalized intersection, with U.S. Route 20 (West Street) approaching from the east and west, Riverside Road approaching from the north, and Basset Boat Co. Driveway approaching from the south under assumed “STOP” control. Approaching from the east, U.S. Route 20 (West Street) consists of two through lanes and one exclusive left-turn lane, separated by a yellow hatched gore area from two departure lanes. Approaching from the west, U.S. Route 20 (West Street) consists of one shared through/right-turn lane and one through lane separated by a yellow hatched gore area from two departure lanes. Approaching from the north, Riverside Road permits one-way travel towards the intersection and consists of one exclusive right-turn lane. Approaching from the south, Bassett Boat Co. Driveway permits two-way travel on the one lane entrance/exit driveway. Riverside Road is classified as an urban collector that runs in a north-south direction through the audit area. Riverside Road is approximately one mile long, with its northern terminus at Plainfield Street and its southern terminus at the study intersection. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has a posted speed limit of 30 miles per hour (mph). The Connecticut River Walk and Bikeway is 3.7 miles long and runs from the City of Chicopee to the South End Bridge in Springfield. The bikeway passes through the study area, with an entrance at the intersection of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) and Riverside Road. The Connecticut River Walk and Bikeway is part of the Springfield Floodwall Protection System and is monitored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. TEC, Inc. evaluated the last four years of available crash data (2011 – 2014) from the City of Springfield to establish a crash rate at the intersection to compare to the average Statewide crash rate1 of 0.80 per Million Entering Vehicles (MEV), and the average crash rate for District 2, which includes the City of Springfield, of 0.82 per MEV, for signalized intersections. For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 15 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of 0.29 per MEV, which is below both the Statewide and District 2 averages. In terms of severity, seven crashes reported personal injury. Of the 15 total crashes, 13 crashes were of rear-end type, the majority of which were in both directions along U.S. Route 20 (West Street). U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street U.S. Route 20 (West Street), Plainfield Street, and Avocado Street intersect to form a four-way signalized intersection, with U.S. Route 20 (West Street) approaching from the west, U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) approaching from the east, Plainfield Street approaching from the north, and Avocado Street approaching from the south. Approaching from the west, U.S. Route 20 (West Street) consists of one shared through/right, which diverges just west of the intersection into a through lane and a channelized exclusive right-turn lane under 1 2010 Average Crash Rates, per Million Entering Vehicles, by Intersection Type, MassDOT, Highway Division Page 4 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 “YIELD” control, a through-only lane, and an exclusive left-turn lane separated by a median from two departure lanes. Approaching from the west, U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) consists of one channelized exclusive right-turn lane, two through lanes, and one exclusive left-turn lane separated by a median from two departure lanes. Approaching from the north, Plainfield Street consists of one shared through/rightturn lane and one exclusive left-turn lane separated by a median from one departure lane. Approaching from the south, Avocado Street consists of one exclusive right-turn lane and one shared through/left-turn lane separated by a median from one departure lane. Avocado Street is classified as a local road that runs in a north-south direction through the study area, with its northern terminus at the study intersection and its southern terminus approximately 0.3 miles to the south at a dead end. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has no posted speed limit, however, the City notes a 30 mph speed limit unless otherwise posted. For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 69 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of 1.20 per MEV, which is above both the Statewide and District 2 averages of 0.80 per MEV and 0.82 per MEV, respectively. In terms of severity, 27 crashes reported personal injury. Of the 69 total crashes, more than half were rear-end type, occurring on all approaches of the intersection. U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) and the Birnie Avenue Ramps intersect to form a four-way unsignalized intersection with U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) approaching from the west, Plainfield Street approaching from the east, the Birnie Avenue off-ramp approaching from the north, and the Birnie Avenue on-ramp approaching from the south. Approaching from the west and east, U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street)/Plainfield Street consists of two general purpose lanes in each direction separated by a median. Approaching from the north, the Birnie Avenue off-ramp permits one-way travel towards the intersection and consists of one exclusive right-turn lane. Approaching from the south, the Birnie Avenue on-ramp permits one-way travel away from the intersection and consists of one general purpose lane. Birnie Avenue is classified as an urban minor arterial north of the study intersection, and an urban principal arterial south of the study intersection. The roadway runs in a north-south direction through the audit area and is approximately one mile long with its northern terminus at Wason Avenue, and its southern terminus at the I-91/I-291 ramp interchange just to the south of the study intersection. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has no posted speed limit, however, the City notes a 30 mph speed limit unless otherwise posted. For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 25 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of 0.47 per MEV, which is below both the Statewide and District 2 averages of 0.60 per MEV and 0.68 per MEV for unsignalized intersections, respectively. In terms of severity, eight crashes reported personal injury. Of the 25 total crashes, more than half of them were rear-end type occurring on the Birnie Avenue off-ramp. Page 5 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Plainfield Street at I-91 Northbound Ramps Plainfield Street and the I-91 Northbound Ramps intersect to form a four-way unsignalized intersection with Plainfield Street approaching from the east and west, the I-91 on-ramps and I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp approaching from the north, and the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp approaching from the south. Approaching from the west, Plainfield Street consists of two through lanes and one exclusive left-turn lane separated by a median from two departure lanes. Approaching from the east, Plainfield Street consists of one general purpose lane that diverges into one shared through/right-turn lane and one through lane at the location of the I-91 on-ramps. These travel lanes are separated by a median from two departure lanes that merge into one general purpose lane at the location of the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp. Approaching from the north, the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp permits one-way travel towards the intersection and consists of one exclusive right-turn lane separated from two I-91 on-ramps, one for left-turning vehicles from Plainfield Street eastbound and one for right-turning vehicles from Plainfield Street westbound. Approaching from the south, the I-91 (Exit 9A) on-ramp permits one-way travel towards the intersection and consists of one exclusive right-turn lane. The I-91 ramps are classified as urban minor arterials that runs in a general north-south direction through the audit area. The on-ramps merge with I-91 Northbound north of the intersection, and the I-91 (Exits 9A and 9B) off-ramps diverge from I-91 south and north of the intersection, respectively. The I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp is maintained by the City of Springfield and has an advisory speed of 15 mph. The I-91 onramps are maintained by MassDOT and have no posted speed limit. The I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp is maintained MassDOT, and has a speed limit of 35 mph. For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 38 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of 0.99 per MEV, which is above both the Statewide and District 2 averages of 0.60 per MEV and 0.68 per MEV, respectively. In terms of severity, 14 crashes reported personal injury. Of the 38 total crashes, approximately half of them were rear-end type occurring on the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp. Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George Cathedral’s Driveway Plainfield Street and John Street intersect to form a four-way unsignalized intersection, with Plainfield Street approaching from the east and west, John Street approaching from the south, and the McDonald’s driveway and St. George Cathedral’s driveway approaching from the north. Approaching from the west and east, Plainfield Street consists of one general purpose lane in each direction separated by a yellow hatched gore area that tapers into a DYCL. Approaching from the south, John Street permits two-way travel. Approaching from the north, the McDonald’s driveway and the St. George Cathedral driveway each have one entering lane and one exiting lane separated by a traffic island. John Street is classified as a local road that runs in a north-south direction through the audit area. John Street is approximately 800 feet long, with its northern terminus at the study intersection and its southern terminus at the St. George Road. The roadway is maintained by the City of Springfield and has no posted speed limit, however, the City notes a 30 mph speed limit unless otherwise posted. Page 6 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 For the four year period of 2011-2014, a total of 13 crashes were documented, yielding a crash rate of 0.09 per MEV, which is below both the Statewide and District 2 averages of 0.60 per MEV and 0.68 per MEV, respectively. In terms of severity, five crashes reported personal injury. Of the 13 total crashes, most were angle crashes that involved vehicles turning in or out of the McDonald’s driveway. Page 7 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Figure 1: Audit Study Area Map Page 8 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Figure 2: Study Intersection 1 MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Company Driveway Springfield, MA Data Source: MassGIS Nitsch Project #11214 Page 9 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Figure 3: Study Intersection 2 MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Avocado Street and Plainfield Street Springfield, MA Data Source: MassGIS Nitsch Project #11214 Page 10 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Figure 4: Study Intersection 3 MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps Springfield, MA Data Source: MassGIS Nitsch Project #11214 Page 11 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Figure 5: Study Intersection 4 MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits Plainfield Street at Interstate 91 Ramps Springfield, MA Data Source: MassGIS Nitsch Project #11214 Page 12 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Figure 6: Study Intersection 5 MGM Springfield Road Safety Audits Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway and St. George Cathedral’s Driveway Springfield, MA Data Source: MassGIS Nitsch Project #11214 Page 13 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Audit Observations Based on a summary of the existing crash information and the RSA site visit, audit participants identified both corridor-wide safety issues and safety issues that were unique to each of the individual intersections. The findings are summarized below. U.S. Route 20 Corridor The following deficiencies were noted to be either corridor-wide issues or issues that occurred along the corridor at locations between the intersections: Access Management: o At the Pride Gas Station driveway on the south side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) just east of the intersection with Riverside Road, there were six angle crashes (crashes “C”, “G”, “R”, “S”, “W”, and “BB”) between left-turning vehicles from the west driveway and U.S. Route 20 (West Street) eastbound vehicles, all resulting in personal injury. This could be due to the relatively high speed of eastbound vehicles from the proximate North End Bridge and/or exiting vehicles accepting smaller gaps in traffic due to the frequent eastbound vehicle queues. Public Transportation: o The Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA) bus stops do not have pedestrian ramps in the vicinity of the bus shelter and are not compliant with current pedestrian accessibility standards. o The bus turnouts for the PVTA bus stops on both the north and south side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) between the intersections with Riverside Road and Plainfield Street/Avocado Street are only offset approximately two feet from the existing curb line and do not provide the necessary width for buses to stop outside of the traveled way. o The bus turnout on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) between the intersections of Riverside Road and Plainfield Street is not located adjacent to the PVTA bus stop. Page 14 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Bus turnouts do not have sufficient width for buses to pull out of the traveled way; the bus pullout on the north side of U.S. Route 20 is not adjacent to the bus stop Signage: o The audit team encountered a number of signs along the corridor that were bent, damaged, or knocked over. “Yield” Sign at the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp is knocked over “Merge” Sign prior to the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp is knocked over Page 15 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 “Wrong Way” signs for the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp are stacked on the side of the roadway Pedestrian Accessibility and Behavior: o Along the corridor, pedestrian accommodations are not compliant with current standards or are missing entirely. Of the pedestrian ramps that are present, several do not include detectable warning panels, push-button actuation, signal countdown display, or Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS). Furthermore, the existing sidewalks are in poor condition and could create a tripping hazard. No pedestrian signals or detectable warning panels at Riverside Road No signal countdown display or detectable warning panels at U.S. Route 20 and Avocado Street (Source: Google) Page 16 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Sidewalk along the north side of the U.S. Route 20 Corridor is in poor condition o The audit team observed pedestrians using the north side of the roadway despite poor connectivity and a lack of pedestrian accommodations. Local audit participants noted this is exceptionally problematic during winter months when the presence of snow banks forces pedestrians, who still use the north side of the roadway during inclement weather, further into the traveled way. The poor connectivity was noted at the following locations: Despite the presence of sidewalk on the northwest and northeast side of the intersection with Plainfield Street/Avocado Street, there is no connection between the two corners. The sidewalk between the intersections with Plainfield Street/Avocado Street and the Birnie Avenue ramps does not continue east beyond the Birnie Avenue ramps and has no connection to the south side of U.S. Route 20. Pedestrians utilizing the north side of the roadway at night despite no pedestrian accommodations Page 17 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 o Audit participants observed a relatively large volume of pedestrians crossing U.S. Route 20 midblock along the length of the corridor. This was particularly noticeable at three locations: Due to the presence of both the PVTA bus stop and the apartment complex located on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) between Riverside Road and Plainfield Street/Avocado Street, pedestrians were observed crossing U.S. Route 20 (West Street) between these two intersections to access the Pride Gas Station, the PVTA bus stop, or other locations on the south side of the roadway. Due to the sidewalk configuration on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) between the intersections with Plainfield Street/Avocado Street and the Birnie Avenue ramps, pedestrians that wish to travel east or west must either walk along the north side of the roadway with no pedestrian accommodations, or cross the roadway midblock to utilize the sidewalk on the south side. Many of these pedestrians also utilize the median as a sidewalk. The audit team noted the desired crossing for U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) is in the vicinity of the Birnie Avenue ramps to continue to travel eastbound. Due to the presence of the PVTA bus stops on both the north and south side of Plainfield Street just east of John Street, pedestrians were observed crossing Plainfield Street despite the lack of pedestrian accommodations. The worn pedestrian desired path can be seen along the north side of U.S. Route 20 just east of the Birnie Avenue off-ramp; pedestrians were observed crossing U.S. Route 20 midblock at this location o The pedestrian desired path from the apartment complex referenced above to access U.S. Route 20 leads over a grassy mound on private property to the north side of the sidewalk. Due to the lack of pedestrian accessible accommodations between the complex and U.S. Route 20, the pedestrian usage over the mound has caused it to erode onto the sidewalk and poses a tripping hazard and drainage issue on public property. Page 18 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 The pedestrian desired path from the apartment complex on the north side of U.S. Route 20 between Riverside Road and Plainfield Street has eroded onto the sidewalk Bicycle Accessibility: o There are no bicycle accommodations along the U.S. Route 20 corridor. This is particularly problematic due to the presence of the nearby Connecticut Riverwalk and Bikeway. Despite the proximity of an entrance located at the intersection with Riverside Road, bicycles traveling westbound along U.S. Route 20 are directed to turn right onto Plainfield Street to access the bikeway. Following this route, bicycles are lead further away from the bikeway and cannot access an entrance for approximately one mile to the north. Connecticut River Walk and Bikeway signage directs pedestrians and bicycles to the north due to the lack of connectivity across Plainfield Street Page 19 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 o The existing catch basin grates are oriented such that the longitudinal bars are parallel to the direction of travel and could cause bicycle tires to get caught within the structure. Catch basin grates are not compliant for bicycle travel U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Co. Driveway Traffic Operations: o Due to the traffic signal timing and resulting infrequent red signal indication for U.S. Route 20 (West Street), vehicles may expect a green indication. This expectation not to have to stop at the intersection, coupled with the travel speed of eastbound vehicles over the North End Bridge, may be a contributing factor in rear-end crashes “1”, “5”, “6”, “8”, “10”, “12”, and “15”. o During evening peak hours, vehicle queues on U.S. Route 20 (West Street) eastbound frequently back up over the North End Bridge. Due to the congestion, local audit participants noted that vehicles frequently run the red signal to avoid further delay, which could also contribute to the rear-end crashes at this location. o Audit participants observed and the traffic volume count confirmed a number of vehicles turning left from Riverside Road onto U.S. Route 20 (West Street) eastbound, despite a no left-turn restriction. o The pavement condition in the vicinity of a patched trench across the Riverside Road approach could lead to poor drainage, which may contribute to unsafe driving conditions during inclement weather. o The guardrail end terminal at the Riverside Road approach is damaged and could pose a safety issue if a collision were to occur with or in the vicinity of the guardrail. Page 20 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Trench patch across Riverside Road could lead to poor drainage; guardrail end terminal is damaged Access Management: o There is no stop sign at the Bassett Boat Co. Driveway approach, nor is the approach included in the signal phasing at the intersection despite its location directly across from the Riverside Road approach. Vehicles turning left from the driveway must do so across multiple lanes of traffic. U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street Traffic Operations: o There is a relatively large number of rear-end crashes at this intersection on the U.S. Route 20 eastbound and westbound approaches, and the Plainfield Street southbound approach. These collisions could be due to poor visibility of the signal heads and/or short clearance intervals. o The U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound exclusive left-turn lane does not provide sufficient storage and the queue frequently blocks vehicles from accessing the leftmost through lane. The audit team observed a relatively large number of vehicles executing an illegal westbound U-turn, and local audit participants noted that recent road closures along the Birnie Avenue ramps could be contributing to the number of vehicles utilizing this illegal movement in order to access I-91 southbound. o The audit team observed a number of vehicles weaving between lanes on the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound approach, from the right lane to access the exclusive left-turn lane, and from the two through lanes to access the exclusive right-turn lane. This could in part be due to the road closures mentioned above and the desire for vehicles merging from the Birnie Avenue ramps to access the left-turn lane in order to execute a Page 21 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 U-turn. The audit team noted that these weaving vehicles do so by accepting small gaps in traffic due to the frequent vehicle queue. Vehicle queues from the intersection of U.S. Route 20 at Plainfield Street/Avocado Street back up to the Birnie Avenue off-ramp and cause a weaving issue; the pedestrian desired path can be seen along the north side of the roadway o Audit participants noted that the Plainfield Street southbound exclusive left-turn lane has significant vehicle queues, which could in part be due to the access to I-91 southbound from U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) just east of the intersection and/or the existing permissive-only signal phasing. o Excessive rutting is present on the Plainfield Street southbound approach. Vehicles could lose control due to the poor pavement condition, or ponding could occur during inclement weather, which could contribute to unsafe driving conditions. o The large gore area on the northeast corner of the intersection appears to be larger than necessary and underutilized. Rutting can be seen on the Plainfield Street southbound approach; the large gore area on the northeast corner is underutilized Page 22 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 o The guardrail end treatment in the traffic island between the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound lanes and the channelized right-turn lane is non-standard and could pose a safety issue if a collision were to occur with or in the vicinity of the guardrail. Non-standard guardrail end treatments on the northeast corner Access Management: o The U.S. Route 20 (West Street) channelized right-turn lane merges with Avocado Street southbound at the same location as the north Pride Gas Station driveway. These conflicting movements could be problematic for vehicles entering and exiting the driveway. The merge from U.S. Route 20 right-turns and Avocado Street vehicles is at the same location as the Pride Gas Station north driveway (Source: Google) Page 23 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Signage: o The R4-72 “Keep Right” signage on all approaches except for Avocado northbound are on non-breakaway posts, which could pose a safety issue in the event of a collision, and are mounted too low, such that they may not be visible to vehicles queued at the approaches. “Keep Right” signage is mounted too low and non-breakaway posts (Source: Google) Signals: o The signal equipment at the intersection is damaged and/or not compliant with current standards including traffic signals with no backplates in any direction, only post-mounted signals for the Plainfield Street southbound approach that may be out of the driver cone of vision, and rusted mast arms that are in close proximity to the traveled way. There are only post-mounted signals for the Plainfield Street southbound approach, no backplates are present, and the mast arm on the northwest corner is rusted and proximate to the traveled way (Source: Google) 2 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition Page 24 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Pedestrian Accessibility: o As described in the corridor-wide issue of poor connectivity along the north side of U.S. Route 20, there is no crosswalk across the Plainfield Street southbound approach or the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound approach despite the presence of sidewalks on all corners of the intersection. o The crosswalk across U.S. Route 20 (West Street) on the west side of the intersection does not have transverse lines, which may pose a safety issue for pedestrians who are visually impaired. The crosswalk on the west side of the intersection does not have transverse lines; no detectable warning panels at the pedestrian ramps (Source: Google) Emergency Vehicle Preemption: o There is no emergency vehicle preemption at the signal despite the presence of Baystate Brightwood Health Center on Plainfield Street north of the U.S. Route 20 Corridor. U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps Traffic Operations and Geometry: o The large number of rear-end crashes at the Birnie Avenue off-ramp may in part be due to the geometry of the intersection. The queue from the intersection of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) with Plainfield Street/Avocado Street frequently backs up as far as the Birnie Avenue off-ramp. The presence of slow-moving vehicles and the weave between the two intersections coupled with the angle at which the Birnie Avenue ramp merges with U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) may cause vehicles to stop short and could be a contributing factor in the number of rear-end crashes. Pedestrian Accessibility: o The pedestrian crosswalk across the Birnie Avenue on-ramp on the south side of U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) has limited sight distance for eastbound vehicles due to the large radius at the southwest corner of the intersection and the presence of a bridge parapet that may obstruct the visibility of the crosswalk. The entrance angle and the Page 25 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 motorists’ expectation to accelerate on a highway on-ramp may cause vehicles to increase their speed as they navigate the corner past the crosswalk. The sight distance of the crosswalk across the Birnie Avenue on-ramp is limited for U.S. Route 20 eastbound vehicles due to the large radius of the corner and the presence of the bridge parapet (Source: Google) o The existing pedestrian crossing sign at the Birnie Avenue on-ramp approach is located on the far side of the intersection and provides poor advanced warning of pedestrians using the crosswalk. o The advanced signage for the pedestrian crossing is too far in advance of the intersection and may be confusing for motorists. The pedestrian crossing sign for the crosswalk across the Birnie Avenue on-ramp is located on the far corner; the advanced signage is too far in advance (Source: Google) Page 26 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Plainfield Street at I-91 Northbound Ramps Traffic Operations and Geometry: o The large number of rear-end crashes at the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp on the north side of Plainfield Street could be due to solar glare, the lack of chevron warning signage, and/or the angle at which the ramp merges with Plainfield Street westbound. o There may be obstructed intersection sight distance looking left from the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp on the north side of Plainfield Street due to the presence of a guide sign. The guide sign on the north side of Plainfield Street may obstruct the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp intersection sight distance looking left (Source: Google) o Audit participants noted multiple signs which had been knocked over and vehicle tracks in the grassy area adjacent to the intersection leading from the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the south side of Plainfield Street. This loss of control could be due to the vehicle speed along the off-ramp, the banking of the roadway, the lack of chevron warning signage, and/or the low curb reveal along the ramp that enables vehicles to run off the road more easily. Tire tracks from out-of-control vehicles can be seen from the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp Page 27 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 o The pavement conditions and pavement markings on the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the south side of Plainfield Street are poor and faded, and may contribute to unsafe driving conditions. Pedestrian Accessibility: o There is a pedestrian warning sign on the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp prior to the intersection with Plainfield Street westbound, however, there are no pedestrian accommodations on the north side of the roadway. The sign is presumably in place due to a recent pedestrian fatality and the presence of pedestrians on the north side of Plainfield Street despite the lack of pedestrian accommodations. o There is poor visibility of the pedestrian crossing across the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the south side of Plainfield Street due to the small radius of the ramp. I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp vehicles have poor visibility of the crosswalk across the ramp (Source: Google) Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George Cathedral’s Driveway 3 Access Management: o The previously existing R3-23 “No Left Turn” signage for the McDonald’s exit driveway is missing. The hatched gore area in the center of Plainfield Street with no break indicates this movement is restricted, however, the geometry of the driveway permits left-turns, and vehicles were observed executing this movement. o The pavement markings for the McDonald’s exit driveway indicate a through movement, however the only movement permitted from this driveway is a right-turn movement. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition Page 28 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 There is no signage at the McDonald’s exit driveway indicating the “No Left Turn” restriction and the pavement markings indicate a through movement Pedestrian Accessibility: o There is a pedestrian crossing sign located on the south side of Plainfield Street adjacent to the bus stop, however, there is no crosswalk at this location. This may be an extra advanced warning sign for the downstream crosswalk, however, there is no indication that the crosswalk is located ahead, and it is proximate to a second advanced pedestrian crossing sign. There is a pedestrian crossing sign east of John Street despite the lack of a crosswalk, and is proximate to an advanced pedestrian crossing sign Page 29 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Potential Safety Enhancements Following review of crash data and traffic counts and a discussion of potential safety issues, audit participants recommend the following. US Route 20 Corridor 4 Due to the availability of the Pride Gas Station full access driveway on Avocado Street, consider converting the west driveway on U.S. Route 20 (West Street) to a right in/right out only driveway to eliminate the number of crashes that occurred from left-turning vehicles exiting the property. If deemed appropriate, install R3-2 “No Left Turn” and R6-14 “One-Way” signage at the Pride Gas Station driveway and provide pavement markings and signage for right in/right out only access. Relocate the bus turnout on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) to be adjacent to the PVTA bus stop, and increase the width of the turnouts on both sides of the roadway so that buses may pull out of the traveled way to improve traffic flow and reduce the number of collisions that result from frequent bus stopping. Any potential tree removal in order to relocate the bus turnouts must be approved by the City of Springfield Forestry Division. Replace all damaged or missing signs and provide regular maintenance of signage along the corridor. Damaged and missing signs to be replaced include but are not limited to the following: o The R1-24 “Yield” sign at the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp on the north side of Plainfield Street o The W4-14 “Merge” sign on the south side of Plainfield Street just prior to the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp o The R5-1a4 “Wrong Way” signage at the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the south side of Plainfield Street Install new sidewalk and provide pedestrian accommodations along the U.S. Route 20 Corridor, including in the vicinity of bus stops, which are compliant with current standards, including but not limited to pedestrian ramps, countdown signal displays, push-buttons, and APS. Provide pedestrian connectivity along the north side of U.S. Route 20 by installing sidewalks and crosswalks where possible. Investigate the structural capacity of the existing bridge over I-91 to determine if extra loading due to the addition of a concrete sidewalk would be allowable. If a sidewalk cannot be installed along the bridge, provide pedestrian accommodations across U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) for access to the sidewalk on the south side of the roadway including but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and warning devices, such as rapid flashing beacons. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition Page 30 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Investigate where mid-block crossing is most frequent, with particular attention to the following locations: o U.S. Route 20 (West Street) between Riverside Road and Plainfield Street/Avocado Street where pedestrians were observed crossing due to the presence of the apartment complex, PVTA bus stops, and the Pride Gas Station. o U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) in the vicinity of the Birnie Avenue ramps where pedestrians were observed crossing due to a lack of connectivity and accommodations on the north side of the roadway. o Plainfield Street near John Street where pedestrians were observed crossing due to the presence of PVTA bus stops and McDonald’s. At each of these locations and any other locations that are found to have a large amount of pedestrian activity, determine which of the following potential solutions would mitigate the issue of midblock crossing: o Provide pedestrian accommodations, including but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and warning devices, such as rapid flashing beacons or HAWK signals. o In coordination with PVTA, relocate the bus stops such that they are near an existing crosswalk. o Install ornamental steel fencing within the median to prevent crossing if sight distance allows. In coordination with the property owner, investigate the feasibility of installing a sidewalk along the desired pedestrian path from the apartment complex, located between Riverside Road and Plainfield Street, to the north side of U.S. Route 20 to prevent further erosion of the grassy mound adjacent to the sidewalk. Remove the sediment within the sidewalk to prevent a tripping hazard and if appropriate, install a walkway or pedestrian path to connect the sidewalk to the apartment complex. For consistency, this walkway could mirror the brick walkway to the Pride Gas Station on the south side of the roadway. Brick walkway to the Pride Gas Station on the south side of U.S. Route 20 (Source: Google) Page 31 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Provide bicycle accommodations along the U.S. Route 20 Corridor, particularly across the Plainfield Street southbound approach for connectivity to the Connecticut Riverwalk and Bikeway, by providing exclusive bicycle lanes where possible and/or installing additional signage and shared lane (“sharrow”) pavement markings where appropriate. Rotate the existing catch basin grates 90 degrees so that the longitudinal bars are perpendicular to the direction of travel for bicycles. U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Co. Driveway Evaluate the clearance interval for the U.S. Route 20 (West Street) approaches and if appropriate, provide a longer clearance interval to reduce the number of rear-end collisions. Install illuminated signage that depicts “Signal Ahead” with a flashing “Red” prefix when the signal indication is red for the U.S. Route 20 (West Street) eastbound approach. Evaluate if left-turns should be permitted at Riverside Road, and if warranted, realign the approach to intersect U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at a 90 degree angle and modify the signal phasing and location to reflect the addition of the turning movement. If the left-turn restriction on Riverside Road remains, install advanced signage to indicate the turning restriction and to direct vehicles to use Plainfield Street for access to U.S. Route 20 eastbound. In coordination with the responsible utility company, resurface the Riverside Road approach in the vicinity of the utility trench to improve drainage and driving conditions. Replace the damaged guardrail end terminal. Investigate including the Bassett Boat Co. Driveway in the signal control for the intersection, and install a signal for the approach if warranted. If not warranted, install a stop sign and “No Left Turn” sign. U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street Evaluate the clearance intervals and if appropriate, provide longer clearance intervals to reduce the number of rear-end collisions. Extend the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound and eastbound exclusive left-turn lanes to provide more storage by cutting into the existing median. Investigate if U-turns should be allowed from the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound approach. If allowed, remove the U-turn restriction signage and implement a “No Turn On Red” restriction on Avocado Street northbound. Page 32 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Evaluate if a protected-permissive phase and/or a lane modification is warranted at the Plainfield Street southbound approach, and modify the signal phasing and indications, signage, and pavement markings appropriately. Resurface the Plainfield Street southbound approach to improve drainage and driving conditions. Remove the existing guardrail end treatment in the traffic island between the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound lanes and the channelized right-turn lane, and replace with the standard end treatment. Eliminate the conflicting movements between the merge on Avocado Street and the Pride Gas Station driveway by either relocating the merge point so that it is not in close proximity to the driveway, or by closing the driveway, which may be acceptable due to the presence of the second driveway located 150 feet to the south. If the north driveway remains open, “No Exit” signage could be installed to further reduce vehicular conflict. Remove the existing R4-7 “Keep Right” signage and posts at the intersection, install breakaway posts, and mount the signage at the appropriate height. Install new signal equipment at the intersection including but not limited to backplates, signal heads, mast arms that are located at the appropriate distance from the traveled way, and mast armmounted signals for all approaches. Remove or reduce the large gore area on the northeast corner of the intersection and utilize the space to provide connectivity for pedestrians and bicycles by installing a crosswalk and a raised island for pedestrian refuge across the Plainfield Street southbound approach. Provide a new crosswalk across U.S. Route 20 (West Street) on the west side of the intersection that includes both transverse and longitudinal lines. Install an emergency vehicle preemption system along the corridor. U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps Investigate the feasibility of realigning the Birnie Avenue off-ramp, and if feasible, intersect the ramp with U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at as close to a 90 degree angle as possible. This geometry would allow for improved sight distance for vehicles exiting the ramp, which in turn would reduce the number of rear-end crashes at the ramp. The realignment would also increase the length of the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound approach to the intersection of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street/Avocado Street, which would provide more space for weaving prior to the intersection. Reconfigure the southwest corner of the intersection by reducing the radius to slow vehicles navigating the corner. Page 33 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Investigate relocating the existing pedestrian crossing sign on the far side of the intersection and install in the location of maximum visibility, relocate the existing advanced signage for the pedestrian crossing closer to the intersection, and install a warning device, such as a rapid flashing beacon, to improve visibility of the crosswalk for U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) eastbound vehicles. Plainfield Street at I-91 Northbound Ramps Evaluate the existing I-91 ramp configuration, and if appropriate, redesign the interchange as a diverging diamond configuration for overall improved functionality. If a redesign of the interchange is not appropriate, investigate the feasibility of realigning the I-91 off-ramps on both the north and south side of Plainfield Street. If feasible, intersect the ramps with Plainfield Street at as close to a 90 degree angle as possible. This geometry would allow for improved sight distance for vehicles exiting the ramps, which would in turn reduce the number of rear-end crashes at the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp on the north side of the roadway and out-ofcontrol vehicle crashes at the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the south side of the roadway. The realignment would also improve the visibility of the pedestrian crossing at the I-91 (Exit 9A) offramp. If realignment of the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp on the north side of Plainfield Street is not feasible, install advanced curve warning signage, with or without speed advisory, W3-2 “Yield Ahead” warning signage to indicate the yield condition, W1-8 “Chevron” warning signage to help guide vehicles along the ramp, and extend the merge point further onto Plainfield Street westbound to provide more space for merging. If realignment of the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp on the south side of Plainfield Street is not feasible, evaluate the existing superelevation of the off-ramp. Regrade the ramp if necessary, resurface and restripe the ramp to improve driving conditions, and install advanced curve warning signage, with or without speed advisory, W3-2 “Yield Ahead” warning signage to indicate the yield condition, W1-8 “Chevron” warning signage to help guide vehicles along the ramp. Evaluate the existing lane configuration of Plainfield Street eastbound in the vicinity of the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp. Consider relocating the merge from two lanes to one lane along Plainfield Street further in advance of the ramp to improve the merge of Plainfield Street and I-91 off-ramp vehicles, and restripe Plainfield Street as needed. Investigate if the guide sign on the north side of Plainfield Street is obstructing the intersection sight distance from the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp, and if so, relocate the sign slightly further from the roadway to improve the sight line. Investigate if the pedestrian warning sign on the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp should be moved to an area with high pedestrian activity and relocate if appropriate. Page 34 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George Cathedral’s Driveway Evaluate if left-turns should be permitted or restricted at the McDonald’s exit driveway. If determined to be restricted, install R3-2 “No Left Turn” signage and right-turn only pavement markings to deter vehicles from turning left out of the driveway. As part of the corridor-wide evaluation of mid-block crossings, if a crosswalk at the location of the PVTA bus stop on the southeast corner of the intersection is deemed unnecessary, or if the sign is intended to indicate a crossing ahead, due to the proximity of the existing advanced warning sign, remove the pedestrian crossing sign. Summary of Road Safety Audit TEC, Inc. has retained Nitsch Engineering to prepare this RSA for MassDOT for the U.S. Route 20 Corridor. As part of the RSA process going forward, each of the potential safety enhancements is classified by time frame and cost, as shown in Table 2. Table 2. Time Frame and Costs Breakdown Time Frame Short-term < 1 year Mid-term 1-3 years Long-term > 3 years Low Medium High Costs < $10,000 $10,000-$50,000 > $50,000 Any new regulations that may be implemented as a result of this Road Safety Audit must first be submitted and approved by the Springfield Board of Public Works. The safety issues, potential improvements, estimated safety payoff, time frame, and cost for the overall U.S. Route 20 corridor and the individual intersections are summarized in Tables 3 through 8. Page 35 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – U.S. Route 20 Corridor Safety Issue Access Management Public Transportation Signage Pedestrian Accessibility Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost High Mid-Term Medium Medium Mid-Term Medium Medium Short-Term Low Medium Long-Term High Medium Mid-Term Medium High Long-Term High High Mid-Term High In coordination with PVTA, relocate the bus stops such that they are near an existing crosswalk where appropriate Medium Mid-Term Medium Where appropriate, install ornamental steel fencing within the median to prevent crossing if sight distance allows Medium Short-Term Medium Remove the sediment within the sidewalk on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) between Riverside Road and Plainfield Street and if appropriate, in coordination with the property owner, install a walkway or pedestrian path to connect the sidewalk to the apartment complex Low Mid-Term Low Install R3-2 “No Left Turn” and R6-1 “One-Way” signage at the west Pride Gas Station driveway and provide pavement markings and signage for right in/right out only access Relocate the bus turnout on the north side of U.S. Route 20 (West Street) to be adjacent to the PVTA bus stop and increase the width of the turnouts on both sides of the roadway Replace all damaged or missing signs and provide regular maintenance of signage along the corridor Install new sidewalk and pedestrian ramps along the U.S. Route 20 Corridor, including in the vicinity of bus stops, which are compliant with current standards Install pedestrian accommodations compliant with current standards included but not limited to countdown signal displays, push-buttons, and APS Provide pedestrian connectivity along the north side of U.S. Route 20 by installing sidewalks and crosswalks where possible, particularly across Plainfield Street and beyond the Birnie Avenue off-ramp Provide pedestrian accommodations at mid-block crossings where appropriate, including but not limited to crosswalks, pedestrian ramps, and warning devices, such as rapid flashing beacons and HAWK signals Page 36 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – U.S. Route 20 Corridor continued Safety Issue Bicycle Accessibility Safety Enhancement Provide bicycle accommodations along the U.S. Route 20 Corridor, particularly across the Plainfield Street southbound approach for connectivity to the Connecticut Riverwalk and Bikeway, by providing exclusive bicycle lanes where possible and/or installing additional signage and shared lane (“sharrow”) pavement markings where appropriate Rotate the existing catch basin grates 90 degrees so that the longitudinal bars are perpendicular to the direction of travel for bicycles Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Medium Mid-Term Medium Medium Short-Term Low Page 37 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Table 4. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Co. Driveway Safety Issue Traffic Operations Safety Enhancement Provide a longer clearance interval for the U.S. Route 20 (West Street) approaches if appropriate Install illuminated signage that depicts “Signal Ahead” with a flashing “Red” prefix when the signal indication is red for the U.S. Route 20 (West Street) eastbound approach Realign the Riverside Road approach to intersect U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at a 90 degree angle and modify the signal phasing and location to reflect the addition of a left-turn movement if warranted Install advanced signage to indicate the left-turn restriction on Riverside Road and to direct vehicles to use Plainfield Street for access to U.S. Route 20 eastbound Resurface the Riverside Road approach in coordination with the responsible utility company Replace the damaged guardrail end terminal Access Management Install a signal for the Bassett Boat Co. Driveway approach if warranted If signal is not warranted, install a stop sign and “No Left Turn” sign Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost High Short-Term Low Medium Mid-Term Medium Medium Mid-Term Medium Medium Short-Term Low Low Mid-Term High Medium Short-Term Low Medium Mid-Term Medium Medium Short-Term Low Page 38 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Table 5. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street Safety Issue Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost High Short-Term Low Medium Mid-Term Medium Remove the U-turn restriction signage at the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound approach and implement a “No Turn On Red” restriction on Avocado Street northbound if U-turns are allowed. Low Short-Term Low Modify the signal phasing and indications, signage, and pavement markings at the Plainfield Street southbound approach if a protected-permissive phase and/or lane modification is determined to be warranted Medium Mid-Term Medium Low Mid-Term High Remove the existing guardrail end treatment in the traffic island between the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound lanes and the channelized right-turn lane, and replace with the standard end treatment Medium Short-Term Low Access Management Eliminate the conflicting movements between the merge on Avocado Street and the Pride Gas Station driveway by either relocating the merge point so that it is not in close proximity to the driveway, or by closing the north driveway. If the north driveway remains open, install “No Exit” signage Medium Mid-Term Medium Signage Remove the existing R4-7 “Keep Right” signage and posts at the intersection, install breakaway posts, and mount the signage at the appropriate height Medium Short-Term Low Signals Install new signal equipment and infrastructure at the intersection Medium Long-Term High Provide longer clearance intervals if appropriate Extend the U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) westbound and eastbound exclusive left-turn lanes to provide more storage by cutting into the existing median Traffic Operations Resurface the Plainfield Street southbound approach Page 39 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Table 5. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – U.S. Route 20 (West Street) at Plainfield Street and Avocado Street continued Safety Issue Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations Emergency Vehicle Preemption Safety Enhancement Remove or reduce the large gore area on the northeast corner of the intersection and utilize the space to provide connectivity for pedestrians and bicycles by installing a crosswalk and a raised island for pedestrian refuge across the Plainfield Street southbound approach Provide a new crosswalk across U.S. Route 20 (West Street) on the west side of the intersection that includes both transverse and longitudinal lines Install an emergency vehicle preemption system along the corridor Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Low Mid-Term Medium Low Short-Term Low High Mid-term High Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Table 6. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at Birnie Avenue Ramps Safety Issue Traffic Operations and Geometry Pedestrian Accessibility Safety Enhancement Intersect the Birnie Avenue off-ramp with U.S. Route 20 (Plainfield Street) at as close to a 90 degree angle as possible if feasible Reconfigure the southwest corner by reducing the radius Relocate the existing pedestrian crossing sign and existing advanced signage for the pedestrian crossing High Mid-Term Medium Medium Mid-Term Medium Medium Short-Term Low Install a warning device, such as a rapid flashing beacon Medium Mid-Term Medium Page 40 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Table 7. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Plainfield Street at I-91 Northbound Ramps Safety Issue Traffic Operations and Geometry Pedestrian Accessibility Safety Enhancement Redesign the interchange as a diverging diamond configuration if appropriate Intersect both off-ramps with Plainfield Street at as close to a 90 degree angle as possible if feasible Install advanced curve warning signage, with or without speed advisory, W3-2 “Yield Ahead” warning signage, W1-8 “Chevron” warning signage and extend the merge point of the I-91 (Exit 9B) offramp further onto Plainfield Street westbound Regrade the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp if necessary, resurface and restripe the ramp, and install advanced curve warning signage, with or without speed advisory, W3-2 “Yield Ahead” warning signage, W1-8 “Chevron” warning signage Relocate the merge from two lanes to one lane along Plainfield Street eastbound further in advance of the I-91 (Exit 9A) off-ramp if appropriate, and restripe Plainfield Street as needed Relocate the guide sign on the north side of Plainfield Street Relocate the pedestrian warning sign on the I-91 (Exit 9B) off-ramp if appropriate Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost High Long-Term High High Mid-Term High Medium Short-Term Low Medium Mid-Term Medium Medium Short-Term Low Medium Short-Term Low Medium Short-Term Low Table 8. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Plainfield Street at John Street, McDonald’s Driveway, and St. George Cathedral’s Driveway Safety Issue Access Management Pedestrian Accessibility Safety Enhancement Reinstall R3-2 “No Left Turn” signage and right-turn only pavement markings at the McDonald’s exit driveway if left-turns should be restricted Remove the pedestrian crossing sign at the PVTA bus stop on the southeast corner of the intersection if deemed necessary Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Medium Short-Term Low Low Short-Term Low Page 41 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Appendix A: RSA Meeting Agenda Road Safety Audit Springfield, MA U.S. Route 20 Corridor Dwight Street at I-291 WB Ramps Meeting Location: Sheraton Springfield Monarch Place Hotel Boland Executive Boardroom 3rd Floor Monarch Place, Springfield, MA Monday, November 23, 2015 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM Type of meeting: High Crash Location – Road Safety Audit Attendees: Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team Please bring: Thoughts and Enthusiasm!! 10:00 AM Welcome and Introductions 10:15 AM Discussion of Safety Issues Crash history, Speed Regulations – provided in advance Existing Geometries and Conditions 10:45 AM Site Visit Travel to U.S. Route 20 Corridor and Dwight Street at I-291 WB Ramps As a group, identify areas for improvements 1:00 PM Break for Lunch 2:00 PM Discussion of Potential Improvements Return to original meeting location Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations 4:00 PM Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended Instructions for Participants: Before attending the RSA on November 23rd, participants are encouraged to drive/walk through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List with a focus on safety. All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the success of the overall RSA process. After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the multidisciplinary team. Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Appendix B: RSA Audit Team Contact List Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 RSA Sign In Sheet U.S. Route 20 Springfield, MA Monday, November 23, 2015, 10:00 a.m. Name Jane Davis Jeff Bandini Samuel Gregorio John Mastera Agency/Affiliation Nitsch Engineering Nitsch Engineering Email jdavis@nitscheng.com jbandini@nitscheng.com TEC, Inc. SGregorio@theengineeringcorp.com 978-794-1792 MassDOT Highway Safety Fuss & O’Neill Dmitriy (representing City of Mayboroda Springfield) Laura Hanson MassDOT Projects Pioneer Valley Planning Khyati Parmar Commission MassDOT Traffic William Ullom Operations MassDOT District 2 – Luke Hayes Traffic Kevin TEC, Inc. Dandrade Matt Sokop Springfield DPW Phone 617-338-0063 617-338-0063 john.mastera@state.ma.us 857-368-9648 DMayboroda@fando.com 413-452-0445 Laura.hanson@state.ma.us 413-582-0589 kparmar@pvpc.org 413-781-6045 William.ullom@state.ma.us 857-368-9622 luke.hayes@state.ma.us 413-582-1525 kdandrade@theengineeringcorp.com 978-794-1792 msokop@springfieldcityhall.com 413-781-6045 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Appendix C: Detailed Crash Data Road Safety Audit h N or t MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts Not to Scale 14 US Route 20 Corridor at Riverside Road and Bassett Boat Company Driveway Springfield, Massachusetts 2011 - 2014 TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T. MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department 13 LOCATION: CITY/STATE: TIME PERIOD: PREPARED BY: SOURCE: 7 9 FF HH KK 3 11 5 6 15 C G R S W BB 4 2 II U T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\2_US ROUTE 20 CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_US ROUTE 20_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG 10/21/2015 3:51 PM V 1 8 10 12 LEGEND P SHOW FOR COLLISION VEHICLE PATH HEAD-ON COLLISION BACKING VEHICLE ANGLED COLLISION SIDESWIPE COLLISION FIXED OBJECT COLLISION PEDESTRIAN COLLISION OVERTURNED VEHICLE REAR-END COLLISION OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE FIXED OBJECT 1. Approximate location of collision, 2. Direction of collision, 3. Type of collision and vehicles involved, 4. Time, Day, Date 5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned on the report. MOVEABLE OBJECT PARKED VEHICLE PERSONAL INJURY FATALITY A ANIMAL SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions] REAR-END SIDESWIPE HEAD-ON ANGLED SINGLE VEH PED/BIKE OTHER / UNK PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 9 0 0 2 2 0 0 13 NON-FATAL INJURY 8 0 0 6 0 0 0 14 TOTAL UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 17 0 0 8 2 0 0 27 Figure A-1 Collision Diagram 2011-2014 Collision Data TEC, Inc. 65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101 Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842 (978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154 www.TheEngineeringCorp.com Crash Data Summary Table West Street (US Route 20) @ Riverside Street - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date 1 2/18/2011 2 3 4 Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Friday 9:01 AM Rear-End 4/29/2011 Friday 3:58 PM 2/3/2012 Friday 11:59 AM 4/17/2014 Day of Week Thursday 10:09 AM Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Daylight Clear Wet No improper driving Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Ages Comments D1 D2 Non-Fatal Injury 23 43 MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB across bridge approaching Riverside intersection. MV1 was slowing & stopping to switch lanes when it was rear-ended by MV2. Inattention Property Damage Only 28 50 MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 121 West Street (across from Riverside Street). MV2 stopped due to heavy traffic when it was rear-ended by MV1. Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 45 25 MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street WB approaching Riverside Street. MV1 stopped in traffic when it was rearended by MV2. - MV1 travelling West Street EB just past Riverside Road intersection. The MV was travelling at a speed greater than reasonable for the flow of traffic. MV1 rear-ended MV2, pushing MV2 into MV3, which pushed MV3 into MV4. Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 26 D3 43 D4 - 5 7/7/2014 Monday 5:25 PM Rear-End Daylight Rain Wet Inattention Property Damage Only 23 29 48 MV1 travelling EB on North End Bridge when he slid on a very wet road, colliding into MV2 (North End Bridge EB). This led MV2 to collide into MV3. 6 12/30/2014 Tuesday 8:16 AM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Non-Fatal injury 23 24 29 MV1, MV2, MV3 travelling West Street EB at Riverside intersection. MV1 struck MV2, which then struck MV3, MV2 and MV3 were stopped for a red traffic signal at the time. 7 4/1/2011 Friday 2:26 PM Single Vehicle Crash Daylight Cloudy Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 34 N/A 8 6/11/2011 Saturday 6:03 PM Rear-End Daylight Rain Wet No improper driving Non-Fatal Injury 55 26 9 9/7/2011 Wednesday 8:45 PM Rear-End Dark - Lighted Rain Wet Followed too closely Non-Fatal Injury 30 34 10 3/29/2012 Thursday 5:38 PM Rear-End Daylight Cloudy Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 70 76 11 5/17/2012 Thursday 5:33 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 58 35 12 8/5/2012 Sunday 4:32 PM Rear-End Daylight Rain Wet No improper driving Property Damage Only 56 25 13 5/10/2013 Friday 10:36 AM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Operating defective equipment Property Damage Only 53 28 14 12/1/2013 Sunday 7:23 PM Single Vehicle Crash Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road Property Damage Only 35 N/A 15 10/19/2011 Wednesday 1:45 PM Rear-End Daylight Rain Wet Unknown Property Damage Only 35 50 T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 1 of 1 MV1 traveling NB on West Street ran off the road and struck a guardrail. MV1 and MV2 traveling on West Street EB. MV2 attempted to change lanes from left to right and slid on wet surface, making contact with MV1. MV1 and MV2 traveling on West Street WB. MV1 stopped suddenly for unknown MV3. MV2 attempted to stop and slid on wet roadway surface, making contact with MV1. 65 MV1 and MV2 are traveling EB on West Street. MV2 stopped at red light. MV1 struck MV2 in rear. MV1 and MV2 are traveling WB on West Street. MV1 stopped at red light. MV2 struck MV1 in rear. MV1 and MV2 traveling on West Street EB. MV2 attempted to stop and slid on wet roadway surface, making contact with MV1. MV1 and MV2 traveling SB on Riverside Road. MV2 states that the brakes went and could not stop. MV1 traveling SB on Riverside Road lost control and jumped the curb hitting a street sign. Accident occurred near 126 West Street. All vehicles traveling EB on North End Bridge. Crash Data Summary Charts West Street (US Route 20) @ Riverside Street ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014 West Street (US 20) @ Riverside Street 15 Month January February March April May June July August September October November December # 0 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 % 0% 13% 7% 20% 13% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 0% 13% 25% Day of Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday # 2 1 1 2 3 5 1 % 13% 7% 7% 13% 20% 33% 7% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Time of Day 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM # 1 4 2 5 3 0 % 7% 27% 13% 33% 20% 0% 40% Manner of Collision Single Vehicle Rear‐end Angled Sideswipe Head‐on Ped/Bike Unknown / Other # 2 13 0 0 0 0 0 % 13% 87% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Weather Conditions Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Other Unknown / NR # 8 2 5 0 0 0 % 53% 13% 33% 0% 0% 0% 60% Road Surface Dry Wet Snow Unknown / NR # 9 6 0 0 % 60% 40% 0% 0% 100% Crash Severity Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR # 8 7 0 0 % 53% 47% 0% 0% 100% 50% 0% Main Contributing Factor from Narrative Following Too Closely Visibility Obstructed Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way Innattention / Distracted Disregarded Traffic Controls Excessive Speed Glare Erratic / Aggressive Driving Cellular Phone Use Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road Vehicle Malfunction No Improper Driving Other / Unknown # 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 5 % 13% 0% 0% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 7% 7% 20% 33% T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 30% 20% 10% 0% 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM Single Vehicle Rear‐end Angled Sideswipe Head‐on Ped/Bike Unknown / Other 40% 20% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Other Unknown / NR 50% 0% Dry Wet Snow Unknown / NR Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Sheet 1 of 1 INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD DISTRICT : 2 COUNT DATE : UNSIGNALIZED : NO Aug-13 SIGNALIZED : YES ~ INTERSECTION DATA ~ MAJOR STREET : WEST STREET MINOR STREET(S) : RIVERSIDE ROAD North DIAGRAM (Label Approaches) West Street West Street Bassett Boat INTERSECTION Riverside Rd BASSETT BOAT COMPANY DRIVEWAY PEAK HOUR VOLUMES APPROACH : 1 2 3 4 DIRECTION : EB WB NB SB PEAK HOURLY VOLUMES (AM/PM) : 1,368 1,550 0 279 " K " FACTOR : 0.090 INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY APPROACH VOLUME : TOTAL # OF CRASHES : 15 CRASH RATE CALCULATION : # OF YEARS : 0.29 4 AVERAGE # OF CRASHES PER YEAR ( A): RATE = ( A * 1,000,000 ) ( V * 365 ) Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR Project Title & Date: 5 MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA Total Peak Hourly Approach Volume 3,197 35,522 3.75 No rth MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts Not to Scale US Route 20 Corridor at Avocado Street and Plainfield Street Springfield, Massachusetts 2011 - 2014 TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T. MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department 42 63 18 23 50 C 4 5 30 55 3 49 C 12 Z GG A D H K L Q 21 29 31 26 28 48 47 53 58 62 1 9 40 41 44 45 F 2 11 16 25 27 43 56 64 69 46 33 52 54 57 59 E P I J N P 35 38 8 10 51 67 B 32 14 37 20 66 10/21/2015 3:51 PM T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\2_US ROUTE 20 CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_US ROUTE 20_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG 68 Y 39 T 6 DD AA C 13 22 65 M O CC EE 19 7 17 24 34 36 60 61 15 LOCATION: CITY/STATE: TIME PERIOD: PREPARED BY: SOURCE: Road Safety Audit LEGEND VEHICLE PATH SHOW FOR COLLISION FIXED OBJECT HEAD-ON COLLISION BACKING VEHICLE SIDESWIPE COLLISION PARKED VEHICLE FIXED OBJECT COLLISION P PEDESTRIAN COLLISION C CYCLIST COLLISION PERSONAL INJURY OVERTURNED VEHICLE FATALITY OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE REAR-END COLLISION 1. Approximate location of collision, 2. Direction of collision, 3. Type of collision and vehicles involved, 4. Time, Day, Date 5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned on the report. MOVEABLE OBJECT ANGLED COLLISION A ANIMAL SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions] REAR-END SIDESWIPE HEAD-ON ANGLED SINGLE VEH PED/BIKE OTHER / UNK TOTAL PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 39 3 1 13 2 0 0 58 NON-FATAL INJURY 18 3 2 6 1 4 0 34 UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 57 6 3 19 3 4 0 92 Figure A-2 Collision Diagram 2011-2014 Collision Data TEC, Inc. 65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101 Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842 (978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154 www.TheEngineeringCorp.com Crash Data Summary Table West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 D3 Comments 1 1/17/2011 Monday 11:17 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 54 33 MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB approaching Avocado Street. MV2 was slowing to a stop at the intersection when it was rear-ended by MV1. 2 2/3/2011 Thursday 2:33 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Wet No improper driving Property Damage Only 48 58 MV1 stopped at a red traffic signal at West Street / Avocado Street intersection when it was rear-ended by MV2. 3 2/18/2011 Friday 4:03 PM Cyclist Daylight Clear Wet No improper driving Non-Fatal Injury 37 17 4 3/1/2011 Tuesday 2:24 PM Head-On Daylight Clear Dry Failure to yield the right-of-way Non-Fatal Injury 47 25 5 3/22/2011 Tuesday 6:59 AM Head-On Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 25 21 6 4/13/2011 Wednesday 11:04 AM Angle Daylight Rain Wet Inattention Property Damage Only 86 36 7 5/5/2011 Thursday 12:04 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Failure to yield the right-of-way Property Damage Only 28 31 8 5/5/2011 Thursday 11:46 AM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 25 48 9 5/17/2011 Tuesday 10:41 AM Rear-end Daylight Rain Wet History of Heart/Epilepsey/Fainting Non-Fatal Injury 21 52 10 5/18/2011 Wednesday 11:40 AM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 75 - 11 5/24/2011 Tuesday 11:31 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 39 20 12 5/29/2011 Sunday 4:30 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 51 - T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 1 of 6 MV1 (tractor trailer) and bicyclist were both operating West Street EB onto Plainfield Street EB. Cyclist collided with right, rear trailer tire as it veered into the travel lane to avoid snowbank along the curbing. MV1 operating Avocado Street NB toward Plainfield Street NB; MV2 operating Plainfield Street SB turning left onto Plainfield Street EB. MV1 & MV2 collided as MV2 failed to yield the right-of-way to MV1. MV1 operating Avocado Street NB toward Plainfield Street NB; MV2 operating Plainfield Street SB turning left onto Plainfield Street EB. MV1 & MV2 collided as MV2 failed to yield the right-of-way to MV1. MV1 operating Plainfield Street SB attempting a right-turn on red onto West Street WB. MV2 operating Plainfield Street WB onto West Street WB on a green light when it struck MV1. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street SB. MV1 was stopped at red light at West Street intersection when it was rear-ended by MV2. MV1 & MV2 (tractor trailer) both operating Plainfield Street WB in the left-turn lane. MV1 attempted a U-turn when it was forced to stop in the turn due to traffic on Plainfield Street EB. MV2 rear-ended MV1 as it attempted to turn left onto Avocado Street SB. MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB through Avocado Street intersection when MV2 (tractor trailer) was rear-ended by MV1. MV1 operator blacked out, had received a double cortizone shot & Adavan earlier in the day. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB attempting U-turns onto Plainfield Street EB at West Street intersection. MV1 was rear-ended by MV2 during the U-turn. MV2 fled the scene. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB approaching Avocado Street. MV2, stopped in traffic, was rear-ended by MV1. MV1 & MV2 both operating Avocado Street NB approaching West Street intersection when MV1 was rear-ended by MV2. MV2 fled the scene. Crash Data Summary Table West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 13 6/25/2011 Saturday 7:40 PM Angle Daylight Rain Wet Failure to yield the right-of-way Property Damage Only 20 37 14 8/10/2011 Wednesday 1:22 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 33 23 15 9/1/2011 Thursday 6:26 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner Non-Fatal Injury 17 44 16 9/15/2011 Thursday 4:18 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 23 65 17 11/10/2011 Thursday 2:45 PM Rear-end Daylight Rain Wet Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 24 29 D3 72 Comments MV2 operating Plainfield Street WB with flashing yellow light; MV1 operating Plainfield Street SB with flashing red light. Intersection lights were in flashing mode. MV1 entered the intersection from a stop when it was struck by MV2. MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating Plainfield Street WB, stopped for red light at Avocado Street intersection. When light turned green, MV3 & MV2 proceeded forward but then had to stop again. MV1 rear-ended MV2, pushing MV2 into rear of MV3. MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB turned right onto Plainfield Street NB and then tried to make a quick U-turn to go Plainfield Street SB. MV1 fish-tailed and struck a fire hydrant. After impact, MV1 backed up, striking MV2 which was operating Plainfield Street SB. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB approaching Avocado Street. MV2, stopped in traffic, was rear-ended by MV1. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street SB approaching Avocado Street intersection. MV2 stopped in traffic when it was rear-ended by MV1. 18 12/27/2011 Tuesday 7:18 PM Angle Dark - Lighted Rain Wet Failure to yield the right-of-way Non-Fatal Injury 44 27 MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB with flashing yellow light; MV2 operating Avocado Street NB with flashing red light. Intersection lights were in flashing mode. MV2 entered the intersection from a stop when it was struck by MV1. 19 1/26/2012 Thursday 8:24 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Non-Fatal Injury 40 47 MV1 and MV2 traveling along West Street WB. MV1 stopped in traffic when struck by MV2. MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB waiting at red light at Avocado Street intersection. MV2 & MV3 were stopped in left through lane when MV1 (with attached trailer) turned into the left-turn-only lane. As MV1 passed MV2, the trailer sideswiped MV2, pushing MV2 into rear of MV3. 20 1/26/2012 Thursday 11:52 AM Sideswipe - Same Direction Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Non-Fatal Injury 54 48 21 2/3/2012 Friday 8:34 AM Sideswipe - Same Direction Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 43 53 MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB near Avocado Street intersection. MV1 in center lane and MV2 in left most lane nicked side-view mirrors. MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street SB. MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. Vehicle 1 entered intersection on green light. MV2 already in the intersection strikes MV1. MV1 could not see MV2 due to vehicle in the left lane. 22 3/2/2012 Friday 11:46 AM Angle Daylight Cloudy Wet Inattention Property Damage Only 31 82 23 3/5/2012 Monday 1:47 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Failure to yield the right-of-way Non-Fatal Injury 42 48 24 3/17/2012 Saturday 6:32 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Non-Fatal Injury 18 - 25 5/15/2012 Tuesday 11:18 AM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry No improper driving Non-Fatal Injury 37 41 T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 2 of 6 55 MV1 (Police vehicle) traveling along Avocado Street NB with lights on. MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB proceeded through intersection and struck MV1. MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street SB. MV2 engine lurched forward unexepectedly and struck MV1. MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. Both stopped in traffic when operator of MV2 foot slipped off brake and struck MV1. Crash Data Summary Table West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity 26 5/21/2012 Monday 10:05 AM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention 27 5/24/2012 Thursday 2:57 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry 28 6/24/2012 Sunday 9:36 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear 29 6/27/2012 Wednesday 11:19 AM Sideswipe - Same Direction Daylight 30 7/16/2012 Monday 9:39 AM Angle 31 7/16/2012 Monday 12:33 PM 32 8/31/2012 Friday 33 10/3/2012 34 Ages D2 Property Damage Only 43 57 Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 57 55 Dry Followed too closely Property Damage Only 57 54 Clear Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 44 64 MV1 (Truck) and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB just prior to Avocado street intersection. Truck trailer of MV1 struck against MV2 stopped in traffic in center lane. Daylight Clear Dry Failure to yield the right-of-way Property Damage Only 30 52 MV1 traveling along Avocado Street NB. MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street SB making a left turn. MV1 failed to stop in time and struck MV2. Sideswipe - Same Direction Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 25 58 MV1 and MV2 (Truck) traveling along Plainfield Street WB just prior to Avocado Street intersection. MV1 attempted to enter left turn lane and struck truck as MV2 stopped in traffic. 5:04 PM Cyclist Daylight Clear Dry Failure to Signal Turn Non-Fatal Injury 60 54 Wednesday 6:53 PM Single Vehicle Crash Dark - Lighted Rain Wet Over-correcting / Over-steerng Non-Fatal Injury 51 N/A 10/5/2012 Friday 8:43 AM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 47 37 35 1/23/2013 Wednesday 8:05 AM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Other improper action Non-Fatal Injury 46 44 36 1/31/2013 Thursday 2:42 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 76 73 37 2/11/2013 Monday 6:48 AM Head-On Daylight Snow Snow No improper driving Non-Fatal Injury 56 47 38 2/11/2013 Monday 9:22 AM Angle Daylight Snow Snow No improper driving Property Damage Only 60 77 39 4/3/2013 Wednesday 9:41 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 40 38 T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 3 of 6 D3 Comments D1 MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB attempting to turn left onto Avocado Street. MV2 took foot off the clutch and rear ended MV1. MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB approaching Avocado Street stopped at red light. MV2 rear ended MV1 when assumed that MV1 moved forward then stopped. MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB attempting to turn left onto Avocado Street. MV2 stated MV1 appeared to stop withougt brake lights showing and rear ended MV1. MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. Cyclist traveling along Plainfield Street WB. Cyclist appeared to turn right but crossed into MV1 travel lane. MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street SB making a left turn onto Plainfield Street EB. MV1 slid on wet surface and struck light pole. MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street SB. MV2 accelerated too fast and struck MV1. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB approaching Avocado Street intersection. MV1 was in middle lane when MV2 (tractor trailer in right lane) attempted to switch into the middle lane. Trailer of MV2 struck MV1 as it switched lanes. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street SB approaching Avocado Street intersection. MV2 stopped in traffic when it was rear-ended by MV1. MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB; MV2 operating West Street EB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV2 attempted to turn left onto Plainfield Street NB. Both operators claimed to have green lights. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB at Avocado Street intersection. When light turned green, MV1 began left turn onto Avocado Street SB & MV2 continued straight onto West Street WB. In process, rear of MV1 made contact with rear of MV2. MV1 & MV2 both turning right onto Plainfield Street NB from Plainfield Street WB when MV2 rear-ended MV1 as MV1 stopped at the yield sign. Crash Data Summary Table West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference 40 Crash Date 4/9/2013 Day of Week Tuesday Time of Day 2:29 PM Manner of Collision Rear-End Light Condition Daylight Weather Condition Clear Road Surface Dry Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Distracted / Inattention Crash Severity Property Damage Only Ages D1 18 D2 D3 MV1 & MV2 operating West Street EB. MV1 was stopped in traffic at Avocado Street intersection when it was rear-ended by MV2. MV2 was distracted by daughter in back seat and looked away from road when it struck MV1. 20 41 4/24/2013 Wednesday 3:35 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Property Damage Only 17 31 42 6/7/2013 Friday 11:53 PM Rear-end Dark - Lighted Rain Wet Unknown Property Damage Only 34 32 43 6/10/2013 Monday 8:32 AM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 27 20 44 7/29/2013 Monday 1:40 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 50 45 45 8/27/2013 Tuesday 4:52 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 58 53 Comments MV2 traveling along West Street (US 20) EB stopped at RED traffic signal. MV1 traveling behind MV2. MV1 fails to slow for signal, strikes MV2 in rear. MV1 & MV2 both turning left onto Plainfield Street EB from Plainfield Street SB when front of MV1 made contact with rear of MV2. MV2 reversed direction into MV1 after making a wide left turn. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB, stopped at a red light at Avocado Street intersection. MV2 operator's foot slipped off clutch, causing MV2 to lurch forward and strike rear of MV1. MV1 & MV2 both stopped on West Street EB approach waiting to turn left onto Plainfield Street NB. MV2 rearended MV1 when MV1 operator's foot slipped off the brake pedal. MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB. MV2 was stopped at a red light at Avocado Street intersection when it was rear-ended by MV1. 46 1/14/2014 Tuesday 9:36 AM Single-Vehicle Crash Daylight Rain Wet Distracted Property Damage Only 35 36 MV1 (large truck) travelling West Street EB through the intersection of Plainfield and Avocado Streets when the operator claimed his door started opening. In attempting to close the door, the steering wheel jerked left and the vehicle clipped a pole in the traffic island. Pole fell onto MV2. 47 1/16/2014 Thursday 3:24 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Swerving or avoiding due to wind, slippery surfacce vehicle, object, nonmotorist in roadway, etc Property Damage Only 28 28 MV1 travelling West Street EB and stopped at intersection at Avocado Street. MV2 was following MV1 and was not able to stop in time, thus rear-ending MV1. MV1 travelling Plainfield Street WB and attempted to make left hand turn onto Avocado Street. While making the turn, MV1 was forced to make a sudden stop in traffic when it was struck by MV2. MV1 slowing in traffic while travelling Plainfield Street EB at intersection of Avocado Street when struck in the rear by MV2 MV1 travelling West Street EB when she rear ended MV2. This caused MV2 to make contact with MV3. 48 1/22/2014 Wednesday 2:35 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Property Damage Only 49 24 49 2/24/2014 Monday 1:54 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Wet Followed too closely Property Damage Only 50 54 50 2/25/2014 Tuesday 4:37 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 51 20 51 3/12/2014 Wednesday 12:56 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner Property Damage Only 35 42 MV1 was heading north across West Street and turning left due east on West Street when MV1 collided with MV2, which was stopped at a traffic signal on Avocado Street NB. 7:37 PM Single-Vehicle Crash N/A MV1 travelling West Street WB was suddenly forced to veer to the left due to an unknown vehicle forcing him off the road. MV1 collided with a traffic pole. 52 4/16/2014 Wednesday Dusk Clear Dry T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table No improper driving Sheet 4 of 6 Property Damage Only 38 30 Crash Data Summary Table West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity 53 4/24/2014 Thursday 6:52 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention 54 6/30/2014 Monday 4:03 PM Cyclist Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Ages D3 Comments D1 D2 Property Damage Only 42 - MV1 travelling West Street EB with MV2 following behind when MV2 rear ended MV1 at the Avocado intersection. Non-Fatal Injury 34 16 MV1 travelling West Street EB stopped at traffic signal. Bicyclist travelling in shoulder next to MV1 hit a dirt patch, lost control, and hit MV1. MV1 was stopped the entire time. MV2 travelling Avocado Street NB going straight ahead through Plainfield Street when MV1 was travelling at a high rate of speed on Plainfield Street SB and attempting to make a left turn onto West Street. MV2 made contact with MV1 as MV1 was attempting to get through the intersection. 55 8/10/2014 Sunday 6:41 PM Sideswipe Opposite Daylight Clear Dry Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner Non-Fatal Injury - 39 56 8/14/2014 Thursday 11:57 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 54 60 57 8/19/2014 Tuesday 4:22 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Failure to yield the right-of-way Non-Fatal Injury 53 45 58 9/5/2014 Friday 9:10 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 45 55 MV1 and MV2 travelling West Street EB. As MV's approached the Avocado Street intersection, MV2 rear-ended MV1. 60 MV1, MV2, and MV3 travelling West Street EB when MV1 followed too closely and rear ended MV2, which was slowing down. This lead to MV2 rear ending MV3. *Note that there was very heavy traffic at this time 59 60 9/17/2014 11/22/2014 Wednesday Saturday 2:47 PM 2:31 AM Rear-end Daylight Rear-end Dark - Not Lighted Clear Clear Dry Dry Followed too closely Inattention Non-Fatal Injury Property Damage Only 32 31 MV1 travelling West St. WB making stop for red traffic signal at Avocado Street. MV2 approaching same intersection rearended MV1. MV1 travelling Avocado Street NB, MV2 travelling Plainfield Street SB. MV1 attempted to take a left onto West Street when colliding with MV2. 39 MV1 travelling Plainfield Street SB, stopped at intersection of West Street. MV2 was behing MV1, and upon a green traffic signal, MV2 had believed that MV1 was advancing through the intersection. MV2 then rear ended MV1. 52 MV1 and MV2 travelling Plainfield Street SB approaching Avocado Street intersection. MV1 stopped, started to go, then stopped again. Operator of MV2 did not see second stop, and rear ended MV1. MV1 and MV2 travelling West Street EB when MV2 rearended MV1 within the intersection of Avocado Street. MV1 and MV2 (truck) travelling Plainfield Street SB. Both vehicles were turning left onto West Street. As MV1 was turning, MV2 struck the rear of MV1 61 12/1/2014 Monday 3:02 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 60 26 62 12/3/2014 Wednesday 9:26 AM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 23 53 63 12/15/2014 Monday 9:04 PM Rear-end Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 33 22 64 12/6/2013 Friday 11:41 AM Rear-end Daylight Rain Wet No improper driving Non-Fatal Injury 34 26 MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB. MV1 was stopped for a red light at Avocado intersection when it was rear-ended by MV2. MV2 slid on wet pavement. 58 MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB through Avocado Street intersection when MV1 struck MV3, sending MV3 into MV2. MV3 had been waiting in left-turn lane on West Street EB. After left arrow never turned to green, MV3 decided to attempt the left onto Plainfield Street NB anyhow. 65 12/17/2013 Tuesday 11:40 PM Angle Dark - Lighted Snow Snow T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Failure to yield right-of-way Sheet 5 of 6 Non-Fatal Injury 45 20 Crash Data Summary Table West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity 66 9/24/2012 Monday 12:32 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Other improper action 67 9/28/2012 Friday 10:56 PM Angle Dark - Lighted Rain Wet 68 12/2/2013 Monday 2:06 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy 69 12/6/2013 Friday 11:41 AM Rear-end Daylight Rain Ages D2 Property Damage Only 33 39 MV1 and MV2 traveling SB on Avocado Street. MV2 jumped the traffic island in an attempt to pass MV1. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 attempted a left-turn into City Tire Store. Failure to keep in lane or running of road Property Damage Only 19 19 MV1 turning left from Plainfield Street onto West Street. MV2 turning right from Avocado Street onto West Street. Dry Other improper action Property Damage Only 46 54 MV1 and MV2 traveling NB on Plainfield Street in channelized right-turn lane. MV1 stated foot slipped off brake. Wet Followed too closely Property Damage Only 34 26 MV1 and MV2 traveling WB on Plainfield Street. MV1 stopped at red light. MV2 did not stop in time and struck MV1. T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 6 of 6 D3 Comments D1 Crash Data Summary Charts West Street (US Route 20) @ Plainfield Street and Avocado Street ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014 West Street (US 20) @ Avocado Street 69 Month January February March April May June July August September October November December # 8 7 6 6 9 6 3 6 6 2 2 8 % 12% 10% 9% 9% 13% 9% 4% 9% 9% 3% 3% 12% 14% Day of Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday # 3 15 12 13 13 10 3 % 4% 22% 17% 19% 19% 14% 4% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Time of Day 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM # 7 21 17 11 8 5 % 10% 30% 25% 16% 12% 7% 40% Manner of Collision Single Vehicle Rear‐end Angled Sideswipe Head‐on Ped/Bike Unknown / Other # 3 41 14 5 3 3 0 % 4% 59% 20% 7% 4% 4% 0% 80% Weather Conditions Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Other Unknown / NR # 42 13 11 3 0 0 % 61% 19% 16% 4% 0% 0% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Road Surface Dry Wet Snow Unknown / NR # 51 15 3 0 % 74% 22% 4% 0% 100% Crash Severity Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR # 42 27 0 0 % 61% 39% 0% 0% 100% 50% 0% Main Contributing Factor from Narrative Following Too Closely Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way Innattention / Distracted Disregarded Traffic Controls Excessive Speed Medical History Erratic / Aggressive Driving Cellular Phone Use Failure to Signal Turn Swerving / Avoiding No Improper Driving Other / Unknown # 8 1 8 24 0 0 1 3 0 1 1 14 8 % 12% 1% 12% 35% 0% 0% 1% 4% 0% 1% 1% 20% 12% T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 30% 20% 10% 0% 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM 60% 40% 20% 0% Single Vehicle Rear‐end Clear Angled Cloudy Sideswipe Head‐on Rain Snow Ped/Bike Unknown / Other Other Unknown / NR 50% 0% Dry Wet Snow Unknown / NR Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Sheet 1 of 1 INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD DISTRICT : 2 COUNT DATE : UNSIGNALIZED : NO Aug-13 SIGNALIZED : YES ~ INTERSECTION DATA ~ MAJOR STREET : WEST STREET / PLAINFIELD STREET MINOR STREET(S) : PLAINFIELD STREET North DIAGRAM (Label Approaches) West Street Plainfield Street Avocado St INTERSECTION Plainfield St AVOCADO STREET PEAK HOUR VOLUMES APPROACH : 1 2 3 4 DIRECTION : EB WB NB SB PEAK HOURLY VOLUMES (AM/PM) : 1,181 1,830 159 380 " K " FACTOR : 0.090 INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY APPROACH VOLUME : TOTAL # OF CRASHES : 69 CRASH RATE CALCULATION : # OF YEARS : 1.20 4 AVERAGE # OF CRASHES PER YEAR ( A): RATE = ( A * 1,000,000 ) ( V * 365 ) Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR Project Title & Date: 5 MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA Total Peak Hourly Approach Volume 3,550 39,444 17.25 MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts North Not to Scale LOCATION: CITY/STATE: TIME PERIOD: PREPARED BY: SOURCE: Road Safety Audit US Route 20 Corridor at Birnie Avenue Ramps Springfield, Massachusetts 2011 - 2014 TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T. MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department 1 4 5 6 9 8 10 11 23 15 12 16 18 19 20 22 25 24 3 13 14 7 21 X 17 T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\2_US ROUTE 20 CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_US ROUTE 20_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG 10/21/2015 3:51 PM 2 LEGEND P SHOW FOR COLLISION VEHICLE PATH HEAD-ON COLLISION BACKING VEHICLE ANGLED COLLISION SIDESWIPE COLLISION FIXED OBJECT COLLISION PEDESTRIAN COLLISION OVERTURNED VEHICLE REAR-END COLLISION OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE FIXED OBJECT 1. Approximate location of collision, 2. Direction of collision, 3. Type of collision and vehicles involved, 4. Time, Day, Date 5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned on the report. MOVEABLE OBJECT PARKED VEHICLE PERSONAL INJURY FATALITY A ANIMAL SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions] REAR-END SIDESWIPE HEAD-ON ANGLED SINGLE VEH PED/BIKE OTHER / UNK TOTAL PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 12 2 0 2 1 0 0 17 NON-FATAL INJURY 7 1 0 0 1 0 0 9 UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 19 3 0 2 2 0 0 26 Figure A-3 Collision Diagram 2011-2014 Collision Data TEC, Inc. 65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101 Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842 (978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154 www.TheEngineeringCorp.com Crash Data Summary Table Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ Birnie Avenue Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date 1 2/5/2011 Saturday 12:10 AM Single Vehicle Dark - Lighted Clear Slush Swerving or avoiding due to vehicle 2 3/3/2011 Thursday 8:58 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry 3 4/8/2011 Friday 4:09 PM Sideswipe - Same Direction Daylight Cloudy 4 1/18/2012 Wednesday 10:57 AM Rear-end Daylight 5 3/7/2012 Wednesday 3:31 PM Rear-end 6 3/13/2012 Tuesday 8:29 AM 7 5/15/2012 Tuesday 8 5/17/2012 9 Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D2 Non-Fatal Injury 43 N/A Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 23 50 Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 40 61 Clear Dry Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 37 51 Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 45 26 Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Wet Inattention Property Damage Only 65 37 4:48 PM Rear-end Daylight Rain Wet Following too Closely Non-Fatal Injury 50 26 Thursday 8:23 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 37 25 7/18/2012 Wednesday 6:55 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 50 41 10 9/13/2012 Thursday 6:54 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 47 30 11 11/1/2012 Thursday 9:55 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 46 75 12 3/3/2013 Sunday 6:21 PM Rear-end Dark - Lighted Clear Wet Inattention Property Damage Only 37 53 13 6/30/2013 Sunday 1:40 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Failure to keep in proper lane Property Damage Only 25 18 14 7/2/2013 Tuesday 10:47 AM Angle Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 55 77 MV1 was operating in center lane on Plainfield Street WB when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was merging from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB. MV1 & MV2 both operating Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp toward Plainfield Street WB. MV2 stopped to yield for traffic on Plainfield Street when it was rear-ended by MV1. 15 8/19/2013 Monday 8:56 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 21 46 16 11/19/2013 Tuesday 12:38 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 71 73 17 4/11/2014 Friday 3:15 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Following too Closely Property Damage Only 27 27 T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 1 of 2 D3 Comments D1 MV1 was operating Plainfield Street WB when it was cut off by MV2 merging from Birnie Avenue SB Off-Ramp onto Plainfield Street WB. MV1 swerved to avoid MV2, crashing into a snowbank. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street EB approaching Birnie Avenue SB on-ramp. MV2 was rear-ended by MV1 when it stopped due to traffic. MV1 was stopped in traffic on Plainfield Street WB approaching Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp when it was sideswiped by MV2. MV2 was attempting to change lanes (right to left). MV1 and MV2 traveling along Birnie Ramp SB. MV1 slammed on brakes and caused contact. MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1. MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1. MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB in front of Birnie Avenue ramp. MV1 struck by MV2. MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp when MV1 rear-ended MV2. MV1 and MV2 traveling along Birnie Ramp SB. MV2 struck by MV1. MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1. MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1 as MV2 was looking over its shoulder at oncoming traffic. MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp when MV1 rear-ended MV2. MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB. MV2 cut over two lanes while merging from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB, striking MV1. MV1 & MV2 merging onto Plainfield Street WB from Birnie Avenue SB off-ramp when MV2 rear-ended MV1. MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street (US 20) EB exiting onto Birnie Avenue On-Ramp. MV1 comes to quick stop to avoid collision with unknown vehicle on ramp. MV2 traveling behind MV1 strikes MV1 in rear. Crash Data Summary Table Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ Birnie Avenue Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 18 6/12/2014 Thursday 10:02 AM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Driver Inattention Property Damage Only 45 49 19 6/20/2014 Friday 11:16 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Following too Closely Property Damage Only 26 58 20 8/12/2014 Tuesday 2:03 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 19 62 21 10/13/2014 Monday 7:20 AM Single-Vehicle Crash Dawn Clear Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 56 N/A 22 10/16/2014 Thursday 8:28 AM Rear-end Daylight Rain Wet Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 22 52 23 7/21/2011 Thursday 5:23 PM Sideswipe - Same Direction Daylight Cloudy Dry Failure to keep in proper lane Property Damage Only 23 32 24 8/12/2012 Sunday 4:38 AM Sideswipe - Same Dark - Lighted Direction Clear Dry Failure to yield right of way Non-Fatal Injury 21 - 25 3/3/2013 Sunday 6:21 PM Clear Wet Inattention Property Damage Only 37 46 Rear-end Dark - Lighted T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 2 of 2 D3 Comments MV2 traveling along Birnie Avenue SB Off-Ramp comes to complete stop at top of ramp at Plainfield Street (US 20). MV1 traveling behind MV2. MV1 comes to stop behind MV2. As MV2 begins to start up, MV2 follows looking over shoulder at oncoming traffic. Assuming MV2 has departed, MV1 continues forward and strikes MV2 in rear. MV2 traveling along Birnie Avenue SB Off-Ramp. MV1 traveling behind MV2. MV1 and MV2 had passed through YIELD sign entering Plainfield Street (US 20) when MV2 suddenly stops in right lane to make lane change. MV1 strikes MV2 in rear. MV1 travelling WB off Bernie Avenue at Plainfield Street when collision occurred. Operator believed MV2 (in front of MV1) was merging onto Plainfield Street, however MV2 had stopped, causing MV1 to rear-end MV2. MV1 travelling West Street EB when crossing railroad over path bridge. The MV's tire struck a piece of Bridge Metal Expansion joint causing a flat tire. MV1 was entering traffic lane of Plainfield Street from Birnie Avenue and was yielding for oncoming traffic when it was rear-ended by MV2. MV1 traveling SB on Birnie Avenue waiting to merge onto Plainfield Street. MV2 attempted to pass MV1 on left and struck MV1. MV2 fled the scene. MV1 traveling SB on Birnie Avenue proceeded to merge onto Plainfield Street. MV2 attempted to pass MV1 on left and struck MV1. MV2 fled the scene. MV1 was sent into far side guard rail. MV1 and MV2 traveling SB on Birnie Ave ramp. MV2 struck MV1. Crash Data Summary Charts Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ Birnie Avenue Ramps ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014 Plainfield Street (US 20) @ Birnie Avenue 25 Month January February March April May June July August September October November December # 1 1 5 2 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 0 % 4% 4% 20% 8% 8% 12% 12% 12% 4% 8% 8% 0% 25% Day of Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday # 4 2 5 3 7 3 1 % 16% 8% 20% 12% 28% 12% 4% 30% Time of Day 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM # 8 5 3 5 2 2 % 32% 20% 12% 20% 8% 8% 40% Manner of Collision Single Vehicle Rear‐end Angled Sideswipe Head‐on Ped/Bike Unknown / Other # 7 12 3 3 0 0 0 % 28% 48% 12% 12% 0% 0% 0% 60% Weather Conditions Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Other Unknown / NR # 16 7 2 0 0 0 % 64% 28% 8% 0% 0% 0% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Road Surface Dry Wet Snow / Slush Unknown / NR # 19 5 1 0 % 76% 20% 4% 0% 100% Crash Severity Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR # 17 8 0 0 % 68% 32% 0% 0% 100% 50% 0% Main Contributing Factor from Narrative Following Too Closely Visibility Obstructed Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way Innattention / Distracted Disregarded Traffic Controls Excessive Speed Swerving / Avoiding Erratic / Aggressive Driving Cellular Phone Use Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road Vehicle Malfunction No Improper Driving Other / Unknown # 3 0 1 13 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 3 % 12% 0% 4% 52% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 8% 0% 8% 12% T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 20% 10% 0% 30% 20% 10% 0% 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM 40% 20% 0% Single Vehicle Rear‐end Clear Angled Cloudy Sideswipe Head‐on Rain Snow Ped/Bike Unknown / Other Other Unknown / NR 50% 0% Dry Wet Snow / Slush Unknown / NR Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Sheet 1 of 1 INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD DISTRICT : 2 COUNT DATE : UNSIGNALIZED : YES Aug-13 SIGNALIZED : NO ~ INTERSECTION DATA ~ MINOR STREET(S) : BIRNIE AVENUE RAMPS INTERSECTION North DIAGRAM (Label Approaches) Plainfield Street Plainfield Street Birnie Ave PLAINFIELD STREET Birnie Ave MAJOR STREET : PEAK HOUR VOLUMES APPROACH : 1 2 3 4 DIRECTION : EB WB NB SB PEAK HOURLY VOLUMES (AM/PM) : 1,458 1,425 " K " FACTOR : 0.090 INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY APPROACH VOLUME : TOTAL # OF CRASHES : 25 CRASH RATE CALCULATION : # OF YEARS : 0.47 405 4 AVERAGE # OF CRASHES PER YEAR ( A): RATE = ( A * 1,000,000 ) ( V * 365 ) Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR Project Title & Date: 5 MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA Total Peak Hourly Approach Volume 3,288 36,533 6.25 MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts t Nor h Not to Scale US Route 20 Corridor at Interstate 91 Ramps Springfield, Massachusetts 2011 - 2014 TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T. MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department 6 LOCATION: CITY/STATE: TIME PERIOD: PREPARED BY: SOURCE: Road Safety Audit 27 3 4 17 18 JJ 5 7 20 10 35 13 15 22 37 38 26 36 8 12 P 32 25 33 9 11 19 30 34 16 31 23 T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\2_US ROUTE 20 CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_US ROUTE 20_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG 10/22/2015 8:39 AM 14 28 1 24 29 21 2 LEGEND P SHOW FOR COLLISION VEHICLE PATH HEAD-ON COLLISION BACKING VEHICLE ANGLED COLLISION SIDESWIPE COLLISION FIXED OBJECT COLLISION PEDESTRIAN COLLISION OVERTURNED VEHICLE REAR-END COLLISION OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE FIXED OBJECT 1. Approximate location of collision, 2. Direction of collision, 3. Type of collision and vehicles involved, 4. Time, Day, Date 5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned on the report. MOVEABLE OBJECT PARKED VEHICLE PERSONAL INJURY FATALITY A ANIMAL SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM [ no fatal collisions] REAR-END SIDESWIPE HEAD-ON ANGLED SINGLE VEH PED/BIKE OTHER / UNK PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 17 0 0 2 4 0 0 23 NON-FATAL INJURY 9 0 0 4 0 1 0 14 TOTAL UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 TOTAL 28 0 0 6 4 1 0 39 Figure A-4 Collision Diagram 2011-2014 Collision Data TEC, Inc. 65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101 Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842 (978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154 www.TheEngineeringCorp.com Crash Data Summary Table Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ I-91 NB Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 D3 Comments 1 2/12/2011 Saturday 9:42 PM Single Vehicle Dusk Snow Ice Swerving or avoiding due to vehicle Property Damage Only 27 N/A MV1 operating Plainfield Street EB when it swerved to avoid a pedestrian crossing Plainfield Street just west of I-91 NB offramp. MV1 struck a snowbank and rolled over. 2 2/26/2011 Saturday 1:02 AM Rear-end Dark - Lighted Clear Wet Driving too fast for conditions Property Damage Only 26 43 MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street EB. MV1 stopped at the yield sign at the end of the ramp when it was rear-ended by MV2. 3 3/2/2011 Wednesday 9:02 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 46 36 MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB. MV2 was attempting to merge onto Plainfield Street WB when it was rear-ended by MV1. 4 3/4/2011 Friday 9:08 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Failure to yield right-of-way Property Damage Only 55 39 MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB. MV2 was attempting to merge onto Plainfield Street WB when it was rear-ended by MV1. MV1 traveling along I-91NB Exit 9B Off-Ramp attempting merge onto Plainfield Street (US 20) WB. MV2 traveling behind MV1. MV2 failing to take care in stopping strikes MV2 in rear. MV1 & MV2 were both stopped in traffic on the I-91 NB offramp when MV1 backed into MV2 (undercover police cruiser). MV1 then attempted to flee the scene on Plainfield Street WB. MV2 traveling along I-91NB Exit 9B Off-Ramp stopped yielding to Plainfield Street (US 20) WB traffic. MV1 traveling behind MV2. MV1 failing to take care in stopping strikes MV2 in rear. MV1, MV2, MV3 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. MV1 stopped for a pedestrian. MV3 struck MV2 and forced into MV1. MV1 & MV2 were both stopped in traffic on the I-91 NB Exit 9B off-ramp when MV1 rear ended MV2. MV1 & MV2 were both stopped in traffic on the I-91 NB Exit 9B off-ramp when MV1 rear ended MV2. 5 5/19/2011 Thursday 8:09 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Following too Closely Non-Fatal Injury 33 55 6 9/1/2011 Thursday 6:25 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner Property Damage Only 17 42 7 10/2/2011 Sunday 10:26 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Wet Inattention Property Damage Only 49 46 8 1/15/2012 Sunday 1:32 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 53 18 9 2/15/2012 Wednesday 11:59 AM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 33 21 10 2/28/2012 Tuesday 2:03 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 51 36 11 2/28/2012 Tuesday 7:14 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Unknown 28 30 MV1 & MV2 were both stopped in traffic on the I-91 NB Exit 9A off-ramp when MV1 rear ended MV2. MV2 fled the scene. 12 9/27/2012 Thursday 12:10 PM Pedestrian Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Non-Fatal Injury 45 70 MV1 traveling along I-91 NB exit 9B Off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB. Pedestraian attempting to cross Plainfield Street SB. 13 10/25/2012 Thursday 4:05 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 41 51 MV1 was yielding to traffic on Plainfield Street WB as it exited the I-91 NB off-ramp when it was rear-ended by MV2. 43 14 10/26/2012 Friday 5:32 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Failure to yield right-of-way Property Damage Only 37 72 MV1 traveling along I-91 NB exit 9A Off-ramp onto Plainfield Street EB. MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street EB. MV1 exited ramp and attempted a u-turn to head west and struck MV2. 15 11/13/2012 Tuesday 1:47 PM Rear-end Daylight Rain Wet Unknown Unknown 46 - MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. MV2 traveling along I-91 NB exit 9B struck MV1. MV2 fled the scene. T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 1 of 3 Crash Data Summary Table Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ I-91 NB Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity 16 12/6/2012 Thursday 8:24 AM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Made an improper turn 17 12/11/2012 Tuesday 10:13 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry 18 5/13/2013 Monday 2:41 AM Single Vehicle Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Ages D3 Comments D1 D2 Non-Fatal Injury 40 29 Inattention Property Damage Only 48 38 Unknown Property Damage Only 53 N/A MV1 had just exited the I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB when it was run into the curb by an unknown MV. 58 MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street WB. MV1 in right lane attempted a u-tutn by I-91 entrance ramp struck MV2 in left lane. MV1, MV2, MV3 traveling along Plainfield Street WB from I91 NB Exit 9B off-ramp. MV1 and MV2 stopped in traffic. MV3 struck MV2 and pushed into MV1. 19 5/19/2013 Sunday 12:02 AM Rear-end Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Other improper action Property Damage Only 56 23 MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB. MV2 (behind MV1) stopped to yield for traffic and then proceeded forward into rear of MV1. MV2 didn't realize MV1 was still stopped yielding for traffic. 20 7/5/2013 Friday 3:43 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 31 43 MV1, MV2, & MV3 all exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB. MV1 was rear-ended by MV2, which was rearended by MV3. 21 9/2/2013 Monday 1:48 AM Single Vehicle Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 18 N/A MV1 was exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street EB at a high rate of speed when it struck the curved curb and the posted yield sign. MV1 then rolled over, with operator of MV1 exiting MV1 & fleeing on foot. 22 9/7/2013 Saturday 5:22 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry No improper driving Non-Fatal Injury 38 56 MV1 & MV2 both exiting I-91 NB off-ramp onto Plainfield Street WB. MV2 was attempting to merge onto Plainfield Street WB when it was rear-ended by MV1. MV1 operating Plainfield Street WB. MV2 operating Plainfield Street EB attempting to turn left onto I-91 NB onramp when it was struck by MV1. MV1 was operating at a high rate of speed. Unclear who the driver of MV1 was. 23 10/8/2013 Tuesday 10:23 PM Angle Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Exceeded authorized speed limit Non-Fatal Injury - 74 24 12/2/2013 Monday 2:06 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 46 54 25 1/25/2014 Saturday 7:02 AM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Failure to keep in proper lane Non-Fatal injury 52 24 26 3/24/2014 Monday 4:15 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Other improper action Non-Fatal Injury - - 27 4/10/2014 Wednesday 1:52 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 23 50 28 4/26/2014 Saturday 7:46 PM Angle Dark - Lighted Cloudy Wet Other Improper Action Non-Fatal injury 18 27 T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 2 of 3 MV1 & MV2 both turning right onto Plainfield Street EB from I-91 NB off-ramp when MV1 rear-ended MV2 as MV2 was stopped yielding for traffic. MV1 travelling in left lane of Plainfield Street WB, MV2 just entered Plainfield Street WB from I-91 access road off-ramp. MV2 (which was in right lane) attemted to cross into left lane, making contact with MV1. MV1 and MV2 operating on I-91N off-ramp. MV2 was stopped in order to yield the right of way. Operator of MV1 claims she was stopped behind MV2, but her foot came off the brake, thus rear-ending MV2. MV1 coming off 91N off-ramp onto Plainfield Street, followed by MV2. MV1 stopped at end of ramp waiting for oncoming traffic to go by as MV2 rear-ended MV1. MV1 travelling left lane Plainfield Street EB, MV2 had exited from I-91 exit ramp and was attempting U-turn around traffic island. MV1 made contact with MV2 in the midst of the Uturn. Crash Data Summary Table Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ I-91 NB Ramps - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference 29 Crash Date 5/3/2014 Day of Week Saturday Time of Day 12:58 PM Manner of Collision Rear-End Light Condition Daylight Weather Condition Clear Road Surface Dry Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Inattention Crash Severity Non-Fatal injury Ages D1 31 D2 D3 Comments MV1 and MV2 travelling I-91 NB off-ramp to Plainfield Street EB. Both vehicles slowed to a stop to yield the right of way. MV1 proceeded to move forward, then stop again. MV2 did not see the second stop, thus rear-ending MV1. 25 MV1 exiting 91N off-ramp with MV2 directly behind it. MV1 stopped to yield to traffic on Planfield Street when MV2 rearended MV1. MV1 travelling Plainfield Street WB when striking a utility pole, causing it to come down. Driver fled the scene. Pole located just prior to I-91 NB on-ramp. 30 7/21/2014 Monday 9:00 AM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 20 29 31 10/2/2014 Thursday 12:55 AM Single Vehicle Dark - Lighted Rain Wet Unknown Property Damage Only 46 N/A Property Damage Only 20 45 MV1 and MV2 travelling south on I-91 off-ramp to Plainfield Street. Operator of MV1 (Tow truck) was attempting to pull onto Plainfield Street from the off-ramp, but his tow truck rolled back and made contact with MV2. MV1 travelling Plainfield Street WB was coming to a stop. MV2 collided with MV1 when coming off the I-91 off-ramp. 32 10/29/2014 Wednesday 4:50 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent or aggressive manner 33 12/12/2014 Friday 8:47 PM Rear-end Dark - Lighted Cloudy Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 50 25 34 7/5/2011 Tuesday 6:42 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 19 48 35 5/29/2012 Tuesday 1:17 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Following too Closely Property Damage Only 22 27 78 36 11/26/2012 Monday 6:05 PM Angle Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Operating defective equipment Non-Fatal Injury 68 54 45 37 8/29/2013 Thursday 6:05 PM Rear-end Daylight Clear Dry Following too Closely Property Damage Only 28 48 38 11/6/2013 Wednesday 3:50 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Dry Following too Closely Property Damage Only 54 24 T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 3 of 3 MV1 and MV2 traveling SB from ramp attempting to merge onto Plainfield Street WB. MV1, MV2, and MV3 traveling WB on Plainfield Street just west of West St on ramp to I-91 NB / I-291 EB. MV2 and MV3 were stopped in traffic. MV1 struck MV2 and forced into MV3. MV1, MV2, and MV3 traveling SB on ramp from I-91 NB. MV1 gas pedal got stuck causing a collision with MV2 and MV3. MV1 and MV2 traveling SB from ramp attempting to merge onto Plainfield Street WB. MV1 and MV2 traveling SB from ramp attempting to merge onto Plainfield Street WB. Crash Data Summary Charts Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ I‐91 NB Ramps ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014 Plainfield Street (US 20) @ I‐91 NB Ramps 38 Month January February March April May June July August September October November December # 2 5 3 2 5 0 3 1 4 6 3 4 % 5% 13% 8% 5% 13% 0% 8% 3% 11% 16% 8% 11% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Day of Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday # 3 6 7 4 8 4 6 % 8% 16% 18% 11% 21% 11% 16% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Time of Day 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM # 3 6 8 7 7 7 % 8% 16% 21% 18% 18% 18% 30% Manner of Collision Single Vehicle Rear‐end Angled Sideswipe Head‐on Ped/Bike Unknown / Other # 4 27 6 0 0 1 0 % 11% 71% 16% 0% 0% 3% 0% 80% Weather Conditions Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Other Unknown / NR # 29 6 2 1 0 0 % 76% 16% 5% 3% 0% 0% 100% Road Surface Dry Wet Snow / Ice Unknown / NR # 32 5 1 0 % 84% 13% 3% 0% 100% Crash Severity Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR # 22 14 0 2 % 58% 37% 0% 5% 100% 50% 0% Main Contributing Factor from Narrative Following Too Closely Visibility Obstructed Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way Innattention / Distracted Disregarded Traffic Controls Excessive Speed Swerving / Avoiding Erratic / Aggressive Driving Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road Made an Improper Turn Vehicle Malfunction No Improper Driving Other / Unknown # 4 0 2 10 0 2 1 2 1 1 1 5 9 % 11% 0% 5% 26% 0% 5% 3% 5% 3% 3% 3% 13% 24% T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx 20% 10% 0% 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM 60% 40% 20% 0% Single Vehicle Rear‐end Angled Sideswipe Head‐on Ped/Bike Unknown / Other 50% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Other Unknown / NR 50% 0% Dry Wet Snow / Ice Unknown / NR Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Sheet 1 of 1 INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD DISTRICT : 2 COUNT DATE : UNSIGNALIZED : YES Aug-13 SIGNALIZED : NO ~ INTERSECTION DATA ~ MINOR STREET(S) : I-91 NB RAMPS INTERSECTION North DIAGRAM (Label Approaches) Plainfield Street Plainfield Street I-91 Ramp PLAINFIELD STREET I-91 Ramp MAJOR STREET : PEAK HOUR VOLUMES APPROACH : 1 2 3 4 DIRECTION : EB WB NB SB PEAK HOURLY VOLUMES (AM/PM) : 697 701 108 871 " K " FACTOR : 0.090 TOTAL # OF CRASHES : 38 CRASH RATE CALCULATION : INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY APPROACH VOLUME : # OF YEARS : 0.99 4 AVERAGE # OF CRASHES PER YEAR ( A): RATE = ( A * 1,000,000 ) ( V * 365 ) Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR Project Title & Date: 5 MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA Total Peak Hourly Approach Volume 2,377 26,411 9.50 th or N MGM Springfield - Springfield, Massachusetts Not to Scale US Route 20 Corridor at John Street, McDonald's Driveway, & St. George Cathedral's Driveway Springfield, Massachusetts 2011 - 2014 TEC, Inc. / Samuel W. Gregorio, P.E. & Eric R. Paquette, E.I.T. MassRMV / MassDOT / City of Springfield Police Department 10 7 LOCATION: CITY/STATE: TIME PERIOD: PREPARED BY: SOURCE: Road Safety Audit 12 8 3 1 9 2 11 P 13 4 5 T:\T0454\CAD\HIGHWAY\GRAPHICS\RSA\2_US ROUTE 20 CORRIDOR RSA\T0454_US ROUTE 20_RSA_COLLISION DIAGRAMS.DWG 10/21/2015 3:51 PM 6 P LEGEND P SHOW FOR COLLISION VEHICLE PATH HEAD-ON COLLISION BACKING VEHICLE ANGLED COLLISION SIDESWIPE COLLISION FIXED OBJECT COLLISION PEDESTRIAN COLLISION OVERTURNED VEHICLE REAR-END COLLISION OUT-OF-CONTROL VEHICLE FIXED OBJECT 1. Approximate location of collision, 2. Direction of collision, 3. Type of collision and vehicles involved, 4. Time, Day, Date 5. Any other pertinent factors mentioned on the report. MOVEABLE OBJECT PARKED VEHICLE PERSONAL INJURY FATALITY A ANIMAL SUMMARY OF CRASHES ON DIAGRAM REAR-END SIDESWIPE HEAD-ON ANGLED SINGLE VEH PED/BIKE OTHER / UNK TOTAL PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 6 NON-FATAL INJURY 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 5 FATAL INJURY 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 UNKNOWN / NOT REPORTED 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 TOTAL 3 3 0 3 2 1 1 13 Figure A-5 Collision Diagram 2011-2014 Collision Data TEC, Inc. 65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101 Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842 (978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154 www.TheEngineeringCorp.com Crash Data Summary Table Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ John Street - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 1 9/20/2011 Monday Sideswipe - Same 12:12 PM Direction 2 12/7/2011 Thursday 1:55 PM Angle Daylight Rain Wet Inattention Property Damage Only 32 27 3 1/9/2012 Sunday 4:45 PM Single Vehicle Crash Daylight Cloudy Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 86 N/A 4 1/18/2012 Sunday 1:48 PM Rear End Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 47 24 5 4/26/2012 Wednesday 9:45 AM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Non-Fatal Injury 25 25 6 8/24/2012 Sunday 4:04 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Failed to yield right of way Non-Fatal Injury 69 23 7 11/9/2012 Wednesday 1:19 PM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Unknown 56 - 8 12/7/2012 Thursday 11:14 PM Single Vehicle Crash Dark-Lighted Rain Wet Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 40 N/A Daylight Rain Wet Unknown Property Damage Only 40 44 D3 Comments MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street WB approaching McDonald's driveway. MV2 sideswiped MV1 as it attempted to turn right into McDonald's from left lane. MV1 was operating in right lane. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street EB. MV1 was in left left; MV2 was in right lane. MV2 had right blinker on as if turning right onto John Street when MV1 passed in the left lane. Instead, MV2 suddenly started turning left as if to turn into McDonald's, striking MV1. MV1 traveling along Plainfield Street WB, drifted into center island. MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street EB. MV1 attempting to turn left into McDonalds when rear ended by MV2. MV1 and MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street EB. MV1 attempting to turn left into McDonalds when rear ended by MV2. MV1 traveling along John Street EB making a left turn. MV2 traveling along Plainfield Street SB. MV2 hit a fire hydrant on SE corner after initial collision. MV1 and MV2 traveling along McDonalds Driveway SB. MV1 rear ended by MV2. MV2 fled the scene MV1 traveling on Plainfield Street WB struck a light pole and flipped over in front of I-91 NB on-ramp. Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only N/A 36 MV1 was parked on Plainfield Street NB just south of the church parking lot driveway when it was sideswiped by MV2 (PVTA bus). MV2 was attempting to pull over to access the bus stop just north of the church parking lot driveway. Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Unknown Non-Fatal Injury - 22 MV2 was exiting McDonald's parking lot when its rear bumper was struck by the rear bumper of MV1. Sideswipe - Same Direction Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 81 43 MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street EB. MV1 in right lane, MV2 in left lane. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 attempted to turn left into McDonald's from right lane. 4:54 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Failure to keep in proper lane Property Damage Only 54 34 MV1 traveling EB on Plainfield Street. MV2 attempted to enter travel lane from the right without a directional and struck MV1. Accident occurred near 33 Plainfield Street. 7:49 PM Pedestrian Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Fatal 61 - Accident occurred near 33 Plainfield Street. MV1 traveling WB on Plainfield Street. Pedestrian was attempting to cross SB across Plainfield Street. Sideswipe - Same Dark - Lighted Direction 9 5/3/2013 Thursday 9:39 PM 10 8/4/2013 Sunday 2:43 AM Rear-to-Rear 11 9/18/2013 Monday 11:52 AM 12 3/7/2012 Wednesday 13 5/14/2013 Tuesday T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 1 of 1 Crash Data Summary Charts Plainfield Street (US Route 20) @ John Street ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014 Plainfield Street (US 20) @ John Street 13 Month January February March April May June July August September October November December # 2 0 1 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 1 2 % 15% 0% 8% 8% 15% 0% 0% 15% 15% 0% 8% 15% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Day of Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday # 1 1 2 4 1 4 0 % 8% 8% 15% 31% 8% 31% 0% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Time of Day 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM # 0 2 4 3 1 3 % 0% 15% 31% 23% 8% 23% 40% Manner of Collision Single Vehicle Rear‐end Angled Sideswipe Head‐on Ped/Bike Unknown / Other # 2 3 3 3 0 1 1 % 15% 23% 23% 23% 0% 8% 8% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Weather Conditions Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Other Unknown / NR # 8 2 3 0 0 0 % 62% 15% 23% 0% 0% 0% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Road Surface Dry Wet Snow Unknown / NR # 10 3 0 0 % 77% 23% 0% 0% 100% Crash Severity Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR # 6 5 1 1 % 46% 38% 8% 8% 50% Main Contributing Factor from Narrative Following Too Closely Visibility Obstructed Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way Innattention / Distracted Disregarded Traffic Controls Excessive Speed Glare Erratic / Aggressive Driving Cellular Phone Use Failure to Signal Turn Vehicle Malfunction No Improper Driving Other / Unknown # 0 0 1 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 % 0% 0% 8% 38% 8% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 38% T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx 30% 20% 10% 0% 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM Single Vehicle Rear‐end Clear Angled Cloudy Sideswipe Head‐on Rain Snow Ped/Bike Unknown / Other Other Unknown / NR 50% 0% Dry Wet Snow Unknown / NR Fatal Injury Unknown / NR 0% Property Damage Only 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Sheet 1 of 1 Non‐Fatal Injury INTERSECTION CRASH RATE WORKSHEET CITY/TOWN : SPRINGFIELD DISTRICT : 2 COUNT DATE : UNSIGNALIZED : YES May-15 SIGNALIZED : NO ~ INTERSECTION DATA ~ MAJOR STREET : PLAINFIELD STREET MINOR STREET(S) : JOHN STREET North DIAGRAM (Label Approaches) Plainfield Street Plainfield Street John St INTERSECTION McDonald's MCDONALD'S DRIVEWAY PEAK HOUR VOLUMES APPROACH : 1 2 3 4 DIRECTION : EB WB NB SB PEAK HOURLY VOLUMES (AM/PM) : 500 676 10 48 " K " FACTOR : 0.090 TOTAL # OF CRASHES : 13 CRASH RATE CALCULATION : INTERSECTION ADT ( V ) = TOTAL DAILY APPROACH VOLUME : # OF YEARS : 0.65 4 AVERAGE # OF CRASHES PER YEAR ( A): RATE = ( A * 1,000,000 ) ( V * 365 ) Comments : K DETERMINED FROM MASSDOT DEFAULT K FACTOR Project Title & Date: 5 MGM SPRINGFIELD - SPRINGFIELD, MA Total Peak Hourly Approach Volume 1,234 13,711 3.25 Crash Data Summary Table US Route 20 Corridor (Between North End Bridge and Main Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity A 1/11/2011 Tuesday 9:05 AM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only B 1/26/2011 Wednesday 2:24 PM Angle Daylight Cloudy Wet Failure to keep in proper lane Property Damage Only Ages D2 28 65 MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West Street. MV2 stopped for a pedestrian in a crosswalk when it was rear-ended by MV1. 23 MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West Street. MV1 in right lane, MV2 in left lane. MV1 did not see MV2 and attempted to change into left lane. MV1 struck MV2, sending both vehicles into a snowbank in the median. 46 C 7/23/2011 Saturday 12:10 AM Angle Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Failure to yield the right-of-way Non-Fatal Injury 26 40 D 9/6/2011 Tuesday 5:03 PM Rear-End Daylight Rain Wet No improper driving Non-Fatal Injury 78 29 E 9/9/2011 Friday 1:12 PM Sideswipe - Same Direction Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 51 - F 10/14/2011 Friday 7:08 PM Angle Dark - Lighted Rain Wet Failure to yield the right-of-way Property Damage Only 63 23 D3 MV1 operating West Street EB when it struck MV2 exiting 77 West Street. MV2 was attempting to turn left onto West Street WB. MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West Street. MV1 stopped for a pedestrian in the roadway when it was rear-ended by MV2. MV1 (motorcycle) had just entered West Street EB from Pride Gas Station when it was sideswipe by MV2, operating West Street EB. MV2 fled the scene. MV1 was attempting a right turn out of Pride Gas Station onto West Street EB when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was operating West Street EB in the left lane. MV1 operating West Street EB just over bridge when it struck MV2. MV2 was exiting Pride Gas Station attempting a left turn onto West Street WB. MV2 fled the scene. G 10/19/2011 Wednesday 6:32 AM Angle Dark - Lighted Cloudy Wet Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 26 - H 10/22/2011 Saturday 4:55 PM Rear-End Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 54 20 I 10/28/2011 Friday 1:33 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 62 65 22 J 11/8/2011 Tuesday 4:24 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 24 20 - K 1/13/2012 Friday 1:56 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 80 19 L 2/1/2012 Wednesday 9:46 AM Rear-End Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 33 33 M 2/6/2012 Monday 3:25 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 71 35 N 2/9/2012 Thursday 5:09 PM Rear-End Dusk Cloudy Wet Inattention Property Damage Only 45 45 O 3/2/2012 Friday 11:02 AM Rear-End Daylight Cloudy Wet Distracted Property Damage Only 50 40 T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 1 of 3 Comments D1 30 MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West Street. MV1 rear-ended MV2 while both cars were stuck in traffic. MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB near 77 West Street. MV2 & MV3 were stopped in traffic when MV1 rearended MV2, forcing MV2 into rear of MV3. MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB near 77 West Street. MV2 & MV3 were stopped in traffic when MV1 rearended MV2, forcing MV2 into rear of MV3. MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB when MV1 rearended MV2, which had stopped in front of 77 West Street due to traffic. MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB. MV1 stopped in traffic in front of 77 West Street when it was rear-ended by MV2. MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street WB near 77 West Street. MV1 was slowing in traffic when it was rear-ended by MV2. MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB near 77 West Street. MV1 & MV2 were stopped in traffic when MV3 rearended MV2, forcing MV2 into rear of MV1. MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street WB near 77 West Street. MV1 was slowing in traffic when it was rear-ended by MV2. Crash Data Summary Table US Route 20 Corridor (Between North End Bridge and Main Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 P 4/6/2012 Friday 3:12 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 30 31 Q 6/6/2012 Wednesday 2:27 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy Wet Following too Closely / Driving too Fast for Conditions Property Damage Only NR NR R 6/20/2012 Wednesday 6:38 AM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Non-Fatal Injury 25 19 S 7/2/2012 Monday 7:12 AM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Other improper action Non-Fatal Injury 33 28 T 8/29/2012 Wednesday 8:55 PM Pedestrian Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Unknown Non-Fatal Injury - 46 U 11/15/2012 Thursday 12:13 AM Angle Dark - Lighted Clear Dry No improper driving Property Damage Only 65 18 V 2/1/2013 Friday 4:12 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Property Damage Only - 48 W 3/14/2013 Thursday 11:45 AM Angle Daylight Cloudy Dry Failure to yield the right-of-way Non-Fatal Injury 20 23 X 9/6/2013 Friday 11:18 AM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Non-Fatal Injury 68 20 D3 47 Comments MV1, MV2, & MV3 all operating West Street EB near 77 West Street. MV1 & MV2 (box truck) were stopped behind another MV which had stopped for pedestrians crossing the street. MV3 rear-ended MV2, pushing MV2 into rear of MV1. MV1 traveling along West Street (US 20) EB east of Riverside Road slowing in traffic for Avocado Street. MV2 immediately behind MV1. MV2 strikes MV1 in rear. MV1 was attempting a left turn out of Pride Gas Station onto West Street WB when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was operating West Street EB. MV1 was attempting a left turn out of Pride Gas Station onto West Street WB when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was operating West Street EB. MV1 operating West Street EB when it struck a pedestrian crossing the street toward 77 West Street. MV1 fled the scene. MV1 (large truck) & MV2 both operating West Street EB. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 attempted a wide right turn from the left lane into the Pride Gas Station. MV2 was attempting left turn from Pride Gas Station onto West Street EB when it was struck by MV1. MV1 drove on the inside of MV2, striking front driver's panel. MV1 then fled the scene. MV2 operating West Street EB when it struck MV1 exiting 77 West Street. MV1 was attempting to turn left onto West Street WB. MV1 & MV2 both operating Plainfield Street EB on the overpass over I-91 when MV2 rear-ended MV1. MV1 had stopped in traffic. Y 9/18/2013 Wednesday 12:56 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Unknown Property Damage Only 21 20 MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West Street when MV1 became stuck behind a bus unloading passengers. MV2, behind MV1, attempted to change lanes but struck MV1 as MV1 tried to move around the bus. Z 11/22/2013 Friday 7:58 AM Rear-End Daylight Rain Wet Operating defective equipment Property Damage Only 51 52 MV1 & MV2 both operating West Street EB near 77 West Street. MV2 was stopped in traffic when it was rear-ended by MV1. MV1's brakes failed. AA 2/6/2014 Thursday 6:22 PM Angle Dark - Lighted Clear Dry Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent or aggressive manner Property Damage Only 26 - BB 7/18/2014 Friday 6:39 AM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Other Improper Action Non-Fatal injury 36 36 T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 2 of 3 27 MV1, MV2 (minivan), and MV3 (tractor trailer) travelling West Street WB near 77 West Street. MV1 changed lanes abruptly, cutting off MV2, causing a collision. MV1 was then redirected and collided into MV3. MV1 exiting gas station parking lot, attempting to take left turn onto West Street (WB). MV3 (travelling right lane EB West Street) stopped to let MV1 out, but MV2 (travelling left lane EB West Street) did not see MV1 come out, thus colliding with each other. Crash Data Summary Table US Route 20 Corridor (Between North End Bridge and Main Street) - Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity CC 7/29/2014 Tuesday 4:36 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only Ages D3 Comments D1 D2 89 45 MV1 travelling West Street WB behind MV2 near 77 West Street. MV2 slowed for traffic when MV1 rear-ended him. MV1 and MV2 (truck) travelling West Street WB near 77 West Street with MV1 in right lane and MV2 in left lane. Operator of MV2 believed that MV1 was merging into his lane. MV1 attempted to veer left but made contact with MV2. DD 12/2/2014 Tuesday 4:31 PM Angle Dark - Lighted Cloudy Dry Failed to yield right of way Property Damage Only 49 32 EE 12/15/2014 Monday 1:41 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 55 28 FF 11/1/2011 Tuesday 2:45 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Exceeded authorized speed limit Property Damage Only 49 20 GG 4/20/2012 Friday 1:12 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 22 55 HH 8/29/2012 Wednesday 4:42 PM Rear-End Daylight Clear Dry Following too Closely Property Damage Only 46 33 II 10/2/2012 Tuesday 3:40 PM Rear-End Daylight Rain Wet Following too Closely Non-Fatal Injury 27 78 Accident occurred near 77 West Street. All vehicles traveling EB. MV2 stopped quickly and skidded on wet roadway. JJ 11/13/2012 Tuesday 1:47 PM Rear-End Daylight Rain Wet Unknown Property Damage Only 46 - MV1 and MV2 traveling WB on Plainfield Street between I-91 N exit 9B and West Street. MV1 fled the scene. KK 10/7/2013 Monday 4:16 PM Rear-End Daylight Rain Wet Other improper action Property Damage Only 59 19 Accident occurred near 77 West Street. All vehicles traveling WB. MV2 stated they were unaware that MV1 was stopping. N/A N/A 3/2/2012 8/8/2013 Friday Thursday 12:25 PM 8:08 AM Angle Rear-end Daylight Daylight Cloudy Cloudy Dry Dry Unknown No improper driving Property Damage Only Property Damage Only 26 54 31 54 Accident occurred near 77 West Street. Accident occurred near 77 West Street. T:\T0454\Tech\RSA\2_Plainfield Street Corridor RSA\T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table Sheet 3 of 3 MV2 (truck) travelling West Street EB near 77 West Street with MV1 following behind. MV1 did not see truck (MV2) stop, and rear ended him. Accident occurred near 126 West Street. All vehicles traveling WB. Accident occurred near 41 West Street. All vehicles traveling EB. Accident occurred near 77 West Street. All vehicles traveling WB on North End Bridge in heavy traffic. Crash Data Summary Charts US Route 20 Corridor (Between North End Bridge and Main Street) ‐ Springfield, Massachusetts 1/1/2011 ‐ 12/31/2014 US Route 20 Corridor 39 Month January February March April May June July August September October November December # 3 5 3 2 0 2 4 3 4 6 5 2 % 8% 13% 8% 5% 0% 5% 10% 8% 10% 15% 13% 5% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Day of Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday # 0 4 8 8 5 12 2 % 0% 10% 21% 21% 13% 31% 5% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Time of Day 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM # 6 5 11 12 3 2 % 15% 13% 28% 31% 8% 5% 40% Manner of Collision Single Vehicle Rear‐end Angled Sideswipe Head‐on Ped/Bike Unknown / Other # 0 23 14 1 0 1 0 % 0% 59% 36% 3% 0% 3% 0% 80% Weather Conditions Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Other Unknown / NR # 22 11 6 0 0 0 % 56% 28% 15% 0% 0% 0% 60% Road Surface Dry Wet Snow Unknown / NR # 28 11 0 0 % 72% 28% 0% 0% 100% Crash Severity Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR # 24 15 0 0 % 62% 38% 0% 0% 100% 50% 0% Main Contributing Factor from Narrative Following Too Closely Visibility Obstructed Failure to Yield Right‐Of‐Way Innattention / Distracted Disregarded Traffic Controls Excessive Speed Failure to Keep in Proper Lane / Running Off Road Erratic / Aggressive Driving Cellular Phone Use Failure to Signal Turn Vehicle Malfunction No Improper Driving Other / Unknown # 3 0 4 11 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 4 13 % 8% 0% 10% 28% 0% 3% 3% 3% 0% 0% 3% 10% 33% T0454_Plainfield Street Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx 30% 20% 10% 0% 6AM ‐ 9AM 9AM ‐ 12PM 12PM‐3PM 3PM ‐ 6PM 6PM ‐ 9PM 9PM ‐ 6AM 60% 40% 20% 0% Single Vehicle Rear‐end Angled Sideswipe Head‐on Ped/Bike Unknown / Other 40% 20% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Other Unknown / NR 50% 0% Dry Wet Snow Unknown / NR Property Damage Only Non‐Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Unknown / NR 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Sheet 1 of 1 Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Appendix D: Volume Data Not to Scale MGM Springfield Off-Site Transportation Improvements - Springfield, Massachusetts Functional Design Report th or N T:\T0454\CAD\Highway\Graphics\Functional Design Report\T0454_FDR_Traffic Networks_2015 Base Year.dwg 10/9/2015 1:56:41 PM North Figure 2A TEC, Inc. 65 Glenn Street 169 Ocean Blvd, Unit 101 Lawrence, MA 01843 Hampton, NH 03842 (978) 794.1792 (603) 601.8154 www.TheEngineeringCorp.com 2015 Base Year Conditions Weekday Morning, Evening, and Saturday Midday Peak Hour Traffic Volumes Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Appendix E: Road Safety Audit References Road Safety Audit – U.S. Route 20 Corridor, Springfield Nitsch Engineering 11214 Road Safety Audit References Massachusetts Traffic Safety www.mhd.state.ma.us/safetytoolbox. Toolbox, Massachusetts Highway Department, Road Safety Audits, A Synthesis of Highway Practice. NCHRP Synthesis 336. Transportation Research Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 2004. Road Safety Audits. Institute of Transportation Engineers and U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, www.roadwaysafetyaudits.org. FHWA Road Safety Audit Guidelines. Administration, 2006. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Road Safety Audit, 2nd edition. Austroads, 2000. Road Safety Audits. ITE Technical Council Committee 4S-7. Institute of Transportation Engineers, February 1995.