ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202
(West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street
Town of Granby
March 2013
Prepared for:
Massachusetts Department of Transportation
Prepared by:
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates
38 Chauncy Street
Boston, MA 02111
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table of Contents
Background ................................................................................................................................. 2
Project Location Description ..................................................................................................... 5
Road Safety Audit Observations ............................................................................................... 9
Location 1: Route 202/School Street ....................................................................................... 10
Location 2: Route 202/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street (Five Corners)............................... 14
Potential Safety Enhancements ............................................................................................... 20
List of Appendices
Appendix A.
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
Appendix D.
RSA Meeting Agenda
RSA Audit Team Contact List
Detailed Crash Data
Additional Information
List of Figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Locus Map.............................................................................................................................. 3
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street ........................................................................... 6
Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street and Amherst Street........................................ 7
List of Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Participating Audit Team Members ....................................................................................... 4
Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements ....................................................................... 22
Page 1
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Background
The Road Safety Audit (RSA) focused on two locations along Route 202 in Granby, Massachusetts: the
intersection of Route 202 at School Street and the intersection of Route 202 at Pleasant Street and
Amherst Street (known locally as the “Five Corners”). Both locations are ranked within the Top 5% of
High Crash Locations within the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission (PVPC) area. The RSA study
area is illustrated in Figure 1.
Approximately six years ago, the Town of Granby restriped and narrowed the School Street southbound
approach at the Route 202/School Street intersection so that vehicles would no longer form two lanes and
block each others’ sightlines. MassDOT also recently removed a line of trees along the north side of
Route 202, just west of the intersection, in order to improve the sightlines to the west of the intersection.
Additional short-term, low-cost improvements are scheduled to be completed by MassDOT at this
intersection in the summer of 2013 through the Federal Highway Administration’s Low-Cost Safety
Enhancements for Stop-Sign Controlled Intersections program. These improvements include removing
the westbound passing zone on Route 202 in the vicinity of the intersection, providing improved
regulatory and warning signage, and trimming trees to improve sightlines.
Meanwhile, the Five Corners intersections have also undergone several changes in recent years. In 2005,
left-turn lanes were added on the Route 202 eastbound and westbound approaches to the Route
202/Pleasant Street intersection, and a left-turn lane was also added to the Route 202 eastbound approach
to the Route 202/Amherst Street intersection. Then, in 2009, protected left-turn signal indications were
added to allow protected and permissive left-turn phasing on the Route 202 eastbound and westbound
approaches. Finally, in 2011, the Pleasant Street northbound and southbound right-turn slip lanes were
converted from signal control to yield control.
The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) has determined that the Town of Granby
would be eligible to receive Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) funding for reconstruction of
these intersections if a RSA were conducted and the proposed design incorporated the safety
improvements identified in the RSA. In general, the RSA is intended to identify potential safety
improvements that can be evaluated and included as part of future design efforts for future reconstruction.
The short-term, low-cost potential improvements could be considered by the responsible agency for
implementation prior to reconstruction, as appropriate.
Page 2
RS
AMH
E
PL
EA
SA N
T STR
EET
T
ES
AT
ST
W
2(
20
E
UT
RO
Locus Map
OL ST
REET
Figure 1.
TREET
TS
AN
AS
LE
Road Safety Audit
P
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street, Granby, MA
SCHO
RSA Study Area
RS T STREET
(EAST STATE STREET)
TE 202
ROU
T STR
EET
AMH
E
PL
EA
SA N
)
ET
RE
T
ES
E
AT
ST
ST
W
2(
E
T
OU
20
R
P
TREET
TS
AN
AS
LE
Source: MassGIS
RSA Study Area
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Not to scale.
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Project Data
The audit team conducted an RSA at Route 202/School Street and the Five Corners intersections in
Granby on Tuesday, March 26, 2013. The RSA agenda appears in Appendix A. Table 1 lists the audit
team members and their affiliations. Appendix B provides contact information for all team members.
Prior to the RSA, in order to begin assessing possible safety issues, the team reviewed collision diagrams
and a crash detail summary based on crash records supplied by the Granby Police Department for the
corridor. Appendix C provides the detailed crash data for the study area. Speed regulations are shown in
Appendix D.
Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members
Audit Team Member
Gary Roux
David Desrosiers
Russ Anderson
Al Wishart
Rebecca Fricke
Steve Griffin
Peter Calves
Qing Qing You
Chunxia Feng
John Hillman
Lisa Schletzbaum
Mike Tremblay
Joe SanClemente
Agency/Affiliation
Pioneer Valley Planning Commission
Granby Highway Department
Granby Fire Department
Granby Police
Representative Ellen Story’s Office
The MacDuffie School
MassDOT Highway Division
MassDOT Highway Division
MassDOT Highway Division
MassDOT Highway Division District 2
MassDOT Highway Division Safety Section
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates
According to the data provided by the Granby Police Department, 18 crashes were reported at the
intersection of Route 202/School Street between January 2008 and December 2011. Of the 18 crashes,
eleven involved vehicles traveling from School Street southbound, including nine angle crashes. Only
one crash (6%) occurred on wet pavement or rainy conditions, and 14 crashes (78%) occurred during
daylight hours. Forty-three percent of the drivers involved in crashes were under the age of 30. Six of the
18 crashes (33%) resulted in personal injury.
During the same time period, 45 crashes were reported between January 2008 and December 2011 at the
Five Corners intersections. Eleven crashes (24%) involved vehicles turning left into or out of the Dunkin
Donuts or Cumberland Farms driveways, and four (9%) crashes involved vehicles attempting to cut
across Route 202 from the Dunkin Donuts driveway to the Cumberland Farms entrance driveway. Four
crashes involving vehicles exiting Dunkin Donuts were “courtesy crashes”, where an uninvolved vehicle
stopped in order to yield the right-of-way to a vehicle exiting the Dunkin Donuts driveway, which was
subsequently hit by an unsuspecting westbound vehicle on Route 202. A majority of crashes (40, or 89%)
Page 4
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
occurred on dry pavement, 39 (or 87%) occurred during the daylight hours, and 14 (or 31%) resulted in
personal injury. No fatal crashes were reported during this time period.
Project Location Description
The RSA focused on the intersections of Route 202/School Street and the Five Corners intersections
(Route 202/Pleasant Street and Route 202/Amherst Street), shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, respectively.
Route 202/School Street is an unsignalized four-way intersection. The Route 202 eastbound and
westbound approaches allow for free movement through the intersection, while the School Street
northbound and southbound approaches are stop-controlled. Route 202 westbound traffic is permitted to
pass in the vicinity of the intersection. There is a horizontal curve in the Route 202 roadway alignment
approximately 500 feet east of School Street. The Granby Café is located at the northwest corner of the
intersection, with driveways on both Route 202 and School Street. There are no pedestrian sidewalks or
crosswalks in the vicinity of the intersection. The MacDuffie School is located on School Street,
approximately one quarter mile north of the intersection, and the Granby Junior-Senior High School is
located on Route 202, approximately one mile west of the intersection. The MacDuffie School moved to
this location in 2011 and has approximately 62 employees and 240 students. RSA team members noted
that School Street is a popular route used to access Interstate 90 and Interstate 291, and that traffic on
School Street can be significant, particularly during commuter and school peak periods.
Route 202/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street, known locally as “Five Corners”, consists of two closely
spaced, but separate intersection locations. The eastern intersection, Route 202/Amherst Street, is
unsignalized and has four approaches, including the Cumberland Farms east driveway. The Route 202
eastbound approach consists of a left-turn lane, with a storage length of approximately 60 feet, and a
shared through/right-turn lane. The Route 202 westbound approach consists of a single travel lane,
however; a gored median approximately 10 feet wide is often used as an informal left-turn lane. The
Amherst Street southbound approach operates under stop sign control and consists of a single travel lane.
The Cumberland Farms driveway is offset from the Amherst Street southbound approach by
approximately 20 feet to the west.
The western intersection, Route 202/Pleasant Street, located approximately 250 feet west of Amherst
Street, is a signalized intersection with four approaches. The Route 202 eastbound and westbound
approaches each consist of a 60-foot long exclusive left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane.
Protected and permissive left-turn phasing is provided on the Route 202 eastbound and westbound
approaches. The Pleasant Street northbound and southbound approaches each consist of a shared left­
turn/through lane and a yield-controlled right-turn slip lane. The right-turn slip lanes had been signalcontrolled, but were replaced with yield-control in 2011. Team members noted that a quarry located on
Amherst Street approximately 4 miles north of Route 202 generates significant heavy vehicle traffic
through the area, typically traveling between Pleasant Street, south of Route 202, and Amherst Street.
Sidewalks are provided only along the southwest corner of the intersection, adjacent to CVS Pharmacy.
Page 5
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street, Granby, MA
SCHO
OL ST
REET
Figure 2. Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street
Granby
Cafe
)
REET
E 202
ROUT
T
ATE S
ST ST
(EA
Source: MassGIS
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Not to scale.
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street, Granby, MA
PL
EA
SA
NT
ST
RST STREET
AMHE
Figure 3. Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street
Dunkin’
Donuts
RE
T
ES
E
UT
ET
)
ET
W
2(
E
AT
ST
E
TR
S
20
RO
Florence
Savings Bank
ET
)
Cumberland
Farms
PL
RE
Post
Office
CVS
SA
NT
ST
RE
ET
RO
UT
E
20
2
(W
ES
T
ST
AT
E
ST
EA
Source: GoogleMaps
Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Not to scale.
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Driveways for Cumberland Farms and Dunkin Donuts are located along Route 202, approximately
halfway between Pleasant Street and Amherst Street. The driveway to Cumberland Farms is entranceonly, but both directions of travel are permitted at the Dunkin Donuts driveway.
These intersections are the junction of the following roadways, which are categorized according to
MassDOT Office of Transportation Planning functional classifications:
East State Street (Route 202) is classified as a rural minor arterial and falls under MassDOT jurisdiction.
East State Street generally runs in an east-west direction between the Belchertown Town Line to the east,
where it becomes State Street, and West Street to the west, where it becomes West State Street. East
State Street consists of one travel lane in each direction. Passing is permitted along the roadway in most
locations. The speed limit on East State Street is posted at 45 mph in each direction in the vicinity of
School Street.
West State Street (Route 202) is classified as a rural minor arterial and falls under MassDOT jurisdiction.
West State Street generally runs in an east-west direction between West Street to the east, where it
becomes East State Street, and the South Hadley Town Line to the west, where it becomes Granby Road.
West State Street consists of one travel lane in each direction. Passing is permitted on East State Street in
most locations. The speed limit on West State Street is posted at 40 mph in each direction in the vicinity
of Pleasant Street and Amherst Street.
School Street is classified as a rural minor collector and falls under the jurisdiction of the Town of
Granby. School Street runs in a north-south direction between Batchelor Street to the north and Chicopee
Street to the south. School Street consists of one travel lane in each direction.
Pleasant Street is classified as a rural major collector south of Route 202, and as a rural minor collector
north of Route 202, and is under the jurisdiction of the Town of Granby. Pleasant Street runs in a northsouth direction, between Morgan Street to the north and East Street to the south. Pleasant Street consists
of one travel lane in each direction.
Amherst Street is classified as a rural major collector and falls under the jurisdiction of the Town of
Granby. Amherst Street runs in a north-south direction between Amherst Road to the north and Route 202
to the south. Amherst Street consists of one travel lane in each direction.
Page 8
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Road Safety Audit Observations
Based on field observations on Tuesday, March 26, 2013, the RSA team determined that the study area
intersections have the following issues that affect safety:
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
Congestion and Driver Frustration;
Speed and Sight Distance;
Intersection geometry;
Signage;
Turning Lanes;
Signal Indications and Clearance Intervals;
Access management; and
Pedestrian Accommodations.
The following sections describe in more detail the safety issues and potential enhancements determined
during the RSA. Several of these issues require further study and engineering judgment to determine the
feasibility of implementing the improvements to address them.
Page 9
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Location 1: Route 202/School Street
The intersection of Route 202/School Street experienced 18 crashes between January 2008 and
December 2011. Nine of the 18 crashes (50%) were angle crashes between School Street
southbound vehicles and vehicles traveling along Route 202. A team member noted that 43% of
the motorists involved in crashes at the Route 202/School Street intersection were under the age
of 30.
In the summer of 2013, the intersection is scheduled to receive low-cost, short-term
improvements that include new intersection warning signs, “Stop Ahead” signs, improved
pavement markings, and trimming over overgrown vegetation to improve sightlines. The passing
zone along Route 202 within the vicinity of School Street will also be removed and replaced with
a double yellow centerline.
Observations:
The RSA team made the following observations with respect to congestion and driver frustration,
speed and sight distance, intersection geometry, signage, and pedestrian accommodations:
Congestion and Driver Frustration
RSA team members noted that vehicles at
the School Street northbound and
southbound stop-controlled approaches
often have difficulty finding acceptable
gaps, particularly during peak commuter
and school periods, when School Street is
used as a popular local cut-through to
access Interstates 90 and 291 as well as
the nearby schools. Team members
commented that traffic volumes at the
intersection have further increased since
the MacDuffie School opened on School
Street in 2011. According to team
members, this results in long queues and
Vehicles on School Street have difficulty finding
delays at the School Street approaches,
acceptable gaps on Route 202.
and driver willingness to accept smaller
gaps in traffic, which may contribute to
the occurrence of angle crashes at this intersection. Angle crashes between Route 202 and School
Street traffic may be indications of excessive delay, and in turn, more aggressive driver behavior,
of traffic on the School Street northbound and southbound approaches.
Page 10
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Speed and Sight Distance
A horizontal curve in the Route 202
roadway alignment is located
approximately 500 feet east of School
Street, and limits the sightlines to the east
of the intersection. Team members
questioned whether there was adequate
sight distance at the intersection, given
that prevailing travel speeds on Route 202
often exceed the 45 mph speed limit. The
presence of the horizontal curve,
combined with higher travel speeds, may
make it difficult for motorists to judge
when it is safe to enter the intersection
A horizontal curve on Route 202 east of School
and may contribute to the occurrence of
Street obscures sightlines east of School Street.
angle crashes at the intersection. For
example, in one angle crash involving a
Route 202 westbound vehicle and a School Street northbound vehicle, one of the motorists
reportedly did not see the other vehicle.
During field observations, team members noted that a fence located at the southwest corner of the
Route 202/School Street intersection had been recently hit. Public safety officials stated that the
vehicle was traveling too fast on School Street southbound and lost control of the vehicle.
The stop bar on School Street northbound is currently set back from the intersection by
approximately 35 feet. The placement of the stop bar may have been intentional to allow for
trucks to safely turn from Route 202 onto School Street southbound. However, a line of
evergreen trees at the southwest corner of the intersection along Route 202 obstructs sightlines
west of the intersection. Vehicles were observed stopping well past of the stop bar to wait for a
gap in Route 202 traffic. These trees are scheduled to be trimmed in the summer of 2013 as part
of the low-cost improvements project. Similarly, several years ago, trees along the north side of
Route 202, west of School Street, were removed, resulting in improved sightlines at the School
Street southbound approach.
Intersection Geometry
The School Street southbound approach intersects Route 202 at a slightly skewed angle, making
it harder for motorists to look left to see oncoming Route 202 westbound traffic. As a result, RSA
team members observed School Street southbound vehicles stopping on top of the double yellow
centerline when waiting for a gap in Route 202 traffic. However, this may make it more difficult
for heavy vehicles to turn onto School Street. One crash involved a School Street southbound
vehicle and a vehicle turning right onto School Street from Route 202 westbound.
Page 11
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Signage
Team members observed that there are no advanced “Stop Ahead” (W3-1) warning signs along
the School Street northbound approach to the Route 202/School Street intersection; pavement
markings indicating “Stop Ahead” are provided, but are badly worn and illegible. It was also
suggested that the intersection warning signage (W2-1) on Route 202 westbound may be too
close to the intersection of Route 202/School Street for motorists to perceive and react to given
the prevailing travel speeds. Short-term improvements scheduled to occur in the summer of 2013
will place improved intersection warning signage (W2-1) and “Stop Ahead” (W3-1) signage in
the appropriate locations.
Team members noted that the street name plaque, located at the southeast corner of the
intersection, is difficult to read due to its size and placement with respect to the edge of the
roadway. Meanwhile, a street name sign for School Street is not provided on the north side of the
intersection. One rear-end crash was reported involving vehicles traveling along Route 202
eastbound, which may have occurred because a vehicle stopped or slowed unexpectedly at the
intersection.
Pedestrian Accommodations
There are currently no pedestrian accommodations at the intersection.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Collect motor vehicle speed data along School Street and Route 202 in the vicinity of the
Route 202/School Street intersection, to identify the most appropriate times of day for
increased enforcement. Evaluate safety conditions after the short-term improvements are
implemented in the summer of 2013.
2. Collect traffic volume data at the intersection of Route 202/School Street to determine if a
change in intersection control (e.g. traffic signal or roundabout) is warranted and feasible.
3. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider the feasibility and safety benefits of
changing the intersection control, either through introduction of a traffic signal or
roundabout, if warranted according to traffic volume data. Consider heavy vehicle traffic,
pedestrian accommodations, and sight distance limitations east of the intersection due to the
horizontal curve of the roadway.
4. Consider providing safety education for young drivers at The MacDuffie School and the
Granby Junior-Senior High School, specifically noting the high-crash locations and
emphasizing safe driving techniques.
5. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider the feasibility of realigning the School
Street southbound approach to intersect Route 202 at a right angle and ensure that it is narrow
enough to preclude vehicles from forming two lines and obstructing each other’s sight lines
while accommodating turning radius requirements for heavy vehicles..
Page 12
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
6. Consider installing street name signage for the north leg of School Street at the intersection.
7. Relocate street name signage at the southeast corner of the intersection so that it is visible
from Route 202. Replace signage as appropriate to meet current MassDOT standards.
Page 13
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Location 2: Route 202/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street (Five
Corners)
Observations:
The “Five Corners” intersections consist of two separate but closely spaced intersections; the
intersection of Route 202/Amherst Street/Cumberland Farms east driveway is located
approximately 250 feet east of the Route 202/Pleasant Street intersection. At the Five Corners
intersections, 45 crashes were reported between January 2008 and December 2011. Eight of the
45 crashes reported (18%) involved vehicles turning left into or out of the Dunkin Donuts
driveway, or cutting across Route 202 to the Cumberland Farms west driveway. Four of these
crashes were reported to have been “courtesy crashes”, where a westbound vehicle stopped to
allow a vehicle to exit the Dunkin Donuts driveway, but an unsuspecting vehicle entering the
adjacent left-turn lane struck the exiting vehicle. Seven of the 45 crashes reported at the Five
Corners intersections (16%) involved vehicles turning left from Route 202 westbound into the
Cumberland Farms east driveway.
Four rear-end crashes occurred on the Route 202 westbound approach to the Route 202/Pleasant
Street intersection, and one rear-end crash occurred along the Route 202 eastbound approach to
the intersection. Three angle crashes involved vehicles turning left from Route 202 onto Pleasant
Street.
The RSA team made the following observations with respect to turning lanes, signal indications
and timing, access management, signage, and pedestrian accommodations:
Turning Lanes
At the unsignalized intersection of Route
202/Amherst Street, an approximately 60-foot
long dedicated left-turn lane is provided at the
Route 202 eastbound approach, but a left-turn
lane is not provided to Route 202 westbound
traffic. RSA team members noted that
vehicles making a left turn into Cumberland
Farms from Route 202 typically use the
painted gore area. Using this gore area gives
turning vehicles a dedicated place to wait for
an acceptable gap in opposing traffic, but also
provides a better angle to view oncoming
Vehicles use the gore area on Route 202
Route 202 eastbound traffic, since vehicles
westbound to wait for a gap in Route 202
waiting in the opposing left-turn lane may
eastbound traffic before turning left into
obscure sightlines. According to the crash
Cumberland Farms.
data, one crash involving a Route 202
eastbound vehicle and a Route 202 westbound left-turning vehicle reportedly occurred because of
Page 14
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
obstructed visibility. Team members stated that using the gore area to make left turns is so
common that westbound vehicles may not expect vehicles slowing or stopping in the travel lane
to make a left turn. One triple rear-end crash occurred on the Route 202 westbound approach to
this intersection.
Meanwhile, vehicles approaching Amherst Street on Route 202 eastbound were observed entering
the short left-turn pocket, without using their directional, and then quickly turning onto Amherst
Street. Team members commented that the left-turn lane combined with the short distance
between the Pleasant Street and Amherst Street intersections may not give motorists adequate
time to realize they need to shift into the turning lane to access Amherst Street. Thus, vehicles
traveling along Route 202 westbound may not have adequate time to react. Similarly, team
members noted that the left-turn lanes along the Route 202 eastbound and westbound approaches
to the Route 202/Pleasant Street intersection are only long enough to hold two to three vehicles;
likely due to the limited cross-section
of the roadway.
Signal Indications and Timing
In 2009, post-mounted left-turn signal
indications were added to the Route
202/Pleasant Street intersection to
allow for protected and permissive leftturn phasing for Route 202 eastbound
and westbound. A team member noted
that the locations of these signal
indications may cause confusion, as
left-turning vehicles may expect
Vehicles exiting the Dunkin Donuts driveway may
overhead left-turn indications. The
cut across three travel lanes on Route 202 to
visibility of these post-mounted signals
access Cumberland Farms.
may also be obscured by opposing
traffic or heavy vehicles. Team members also noted that the length of the left-turn phases on
Route 202, when called, are relatively short, and may cause drivers to be aggressive when
turning. Two angle crashes involved vehicles turning left from Route 202 onto Pleasant Street
that were the result of motorist failure to yield. In addition, four rear-end crashes occurred along
the Route 202 westbound approach to the intersection; driver indecision over whether to turn left
during the permitted left turn phase may have contributed to these crashes. An RSA team member
also questioned whether the clearance intervals at the intersection may have contributed to these
rear-end crashes.
Page 15
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Access Management
In the vicinity of the Dunkin Donuts driveway, the Route 202 westbound approach transitions
from one to two travel lanes to accommodate a left-turn lane. According to the crash records, four
“courtesy crashes” were reported involving vehicles exiting the Dunkin Donuts driveway and
vehicles traveling along Route 202 westbound. Thus, a motorist traveling along Route 202
westbound may stop to allow a vehicle to turn out of the Dunkin Donuts driveway; however, a
vehicle in the other westbound lane may not expect, or be able to perceive and react to, a turning
vehicle exiting the driveway. Additionally, vehicles exiting the Dunkin Donuts driveway may
attempt to “weave” through queued vehicles, which may not be expected by Route 202
westbound vehicles entering the left-turn lane.
RSA team members noted that vehicles often cut through commercial driveways in order to avoid
the congestion and confusion on the segment of Route 202 between Pleasant Street and Amherst
Street. According to team members, vehicles often enter the Dunkin Donuts parking lot from
Amherst Street, travel behind the building, and exit onto Pleasant Street. Similarly, vehicles also
cut through Cumberland Farms by turning right from Pleasant Street, cutting through the parking
lot, and turning right onto Route 202 eastbound.
One crash involved a turning vehicle that turned left out of the Florence Savings Bank onto Route
202, even though the driveway is restricted to right-only.
Intersection Geometry
During field observations at the Pleasant
Street northbound slip lane, RSA team
members noted that large heavy vehicles
have difficulty making right turns onto
Route 202 eastbound and often need to
cross the double yellow centerline on
Route 202 and/or run over the inside
curb in the slip lane. Team members
also observed that the “Yield” and “Do
Not Enter” signage that had been
mounted on the old signal post had been
knocked down. Four crashes occurred
Heavy vehicles have difficulty making right
turns from Pleasant Street onto Route 202.
in the Pleasant Street northbound rightturn slip lane between January 2008 and
December 2011; two of these crashes
involved vehicles hitting the signal post located on the inside of the slip lane.
Signage
On the Route 202 eastbound approach to the Route 202/Pleasant Street intersection, a “Do Not
Block Driveway” (R10-7m) sign obscures a guide sign for Breezy Acres Farm. Motorists on
Page 16
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Route 202 eastbound may not be able to see the guide sign, or may divert their attention from the
roadway to read the sign. One rear-end crash was reported along Route 202 eastbound in the
vicinity of these signs. The signs are also in close proximity to an upstream “Left Lane Must
Turn Left” (R3-7) sign.
RSA team members noted that signs
indicating street names for streets that can
be accessed from Amherst Street or
Pleasant Street are located along Amherst
Street northbound, just north of Route 202;
Pleasant Street northbound, just north of
Route 202; and along Pleasant Street
southbound, just south of Route 202.
These signs are not standard and have
small text, making them difficult for
motorists to read without stopping in the
travel lane.
An RSA team member noted that the
Regulatory signage obstructs guide signage
along Route 202 eastbound.
“Yield” (R1-2) and “Do Not Enter” (R5-1)
signs that had previously been posted on
an old signal post in the Pleasant Street northbound right-turn slip lane at the Route 202/Pleasant
Street intersection had been struck and knocked down. A “Do Not Pass” (R4-1) sign was also
struck on the Route 202 westbound approach to the Route 202/Amherst Street intersection,
resulting in a bent sign post. The “Stop” (R1-1) sign at the Amherst Street southbound approach
to the Route 202/Amherst Street/Cumberland Farms east driveway intersection was also struck,
resulting in a slightly bent sign post.
Pedestrian Accommodations
The intersection of Route 202/Pleasant Street
currently has sidewalks along the southwest
corner of the intersection, adjacent to the
CVS Pharmacy. Crosswalks are also
provided across the two CVS driveways.
However, this is the only location in the area
where sidewalks are provided. There are no
crosswalks or pedestrian ramps that connect
to other local businesses.
Pedestrian accommodations adjacent to the
CVS Pharmacy end without making local
connections.
Page 17
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Potential Enhancements:
1. Consider the safety benefits of formalizing a left-turn lane on Route 202 westbound at
Amherst Street/Cumberland Farms east driveway in order to formalize a safe, dedicated place
for vehicles to make a left turn.
2. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider signalizing the Route 202/Amherst
Street/Cumberland Farms intersection and coordinating with the Route 202/Pleasant Street
signalized intersection if safety conditions do not improve as a result of adding the left-turn
lane.
3. As part of long-term planning efforts, consider replacing the existing mast arms with longer
mast arms to align signal faces with the travel lanes and provide redundancy of signal
indications to improve visibility.
4. Evaluate the length of the protected left-turn phase and clearance intervals for protected left
turns at the Route 202/Pleasant Street intersection to ensure that there is adequate time for
vehicles to safely exit the intersection before a conflicting movement is given the right-of­
way. Consider the safety benefits of implementing protected-only left-turn phasing.
5. Consider the feasibility of lengthening the left-turn lanes on the Route 202 eastbound
approach at the Route 202/Amherst Street intersection and on the Router 202 approach at the
Route 202/Pleasant Street intersection as part of long-term reconstruction efforts.
6. Restrict left turns with signage at the Dunkin Donuts and the Cumberland Farms entrance
driveway on Route 202 to reduce the occurrence of angle-type crashes.
7. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider the feasibility of constructing a raised
median on Route 202 between Pleasant Street and Amherst Street to prevent left turns at
driveways if turn restrictions through signage are deemed ineffective or create an
enforcement issue.
8. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider realigning Amherst Street westerly so
that it aligns with the Cumberland Farms driveway, which would facilitate left turns from
Route 202 onto Amherst Street and Cumberland Farms.
9. Consider the feasibility and appropriateness of either removing or modifying the geometry of
the right-turn slip lanes on Pleasant Street to accommodate heavy vehicles as part of longterm reconstruction efforts.
10. Reduce sign clutter along Route 202 eastbound. Ensure there is adequate spacing between
signs and remove unnecessary signage, as appropriate.
11. Remove the nonstandard street name signage on Pleasant Street and on Amherst Street
northbound.
Page 18
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
12. Reinstall the “Yield” (R1-2) and “Do Not Enter” (R5-1) signage on the Pleasant Street
northbound slip lane away from the curb line and remove the unused signal post so that it is
not struck by turning heavy vehicles.
13. Repair or replace sign posts for the “Do Not Pass” (R1-4) sign on Route 202 westbound and
the “Stop” sign on Amherst Street southbound to improve sign visibility.
14. Consider options to discourage or eliminate cut-through traffic between Amherst Street and
Pleasant Street via the adjacent businesses driveways either through turn restrictions or by
modifying access to parcels as they are redeveloped.
15. As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, evaluate the feasibility of providing additional
pedestrian facilities in the area, and form connections with the pedestrian facilities that
already exist, to encourage visitors to walk between the businesses in the Five Corners area.
Page 19
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Potential Safety Enhancements
Based on its observations and discussions, the RSA team identified the issues and possible enhancements
that could improve safety at Route 202/School Street and the Five Corners intersections in Granby, MA.
Short-term enhancements include, but are not limited to:
� Continued enforcement;
� Provide driver safety education at the area schools;
� Restrict left turns at the Dunkin Donuts and Cumberland Farms driveways;
� Replace missing, damaged, or outdated signage;
� Evaluate clearance intervals; and
� Formalize a left-turn lane at the Route 202 westbound approach to the Route 202/Amherst Street
intersection.
To enhance the safety of the corridor, the long-term enhancements are to:
� Evaluate the benefits of changing the intersection control at Route 202/School Street;
� Realign the School Street southbound approach so that it intersects Route 202 at a right angle;
� Lengthen the left-turn lanes on Route 202 between Pleasant Street and Amherst Street;
� Evaluate the feasibility of a median on Route 202 between Pleasant Street and Amherst Street;
� Modify the geometry of the Pleasant Street slip lanes to better accommodate heavy vehicles;
� Evaluate the safety benefits of signalizing the Route 202/Amherst Street intersection; and
� Provide pedestrian facilities where needed.
Page 20
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 2 summarizes these safety issues, possible enhancements, estimated safety payoff, time frame, cost,
and responsibility. Safety payoff estimates are based on engineering judgment and are categorized as
low, medium, and high. The time frame is categorized as short-term (<1 year), mid-term (1 to 3 years),
or long-term (typically >3 years).
The costs are categorized as low (<$10,000), medium ($10,000 to $50,000), or high (>$50,000). It is the
responsibility of MassDOT to ensure that the designer incorporates the relevant safety enhancements
identified as part of this RSA. The RSA is intended to identify potential safety improvements that can be
evaluated and included as part of the design process for future reconstruction efforts. The short-term lowcost potential improvements could be considered by the responsible agency for implementation prior to
reconstruction.
Page 21
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements
Location
Safety Enhancement
Collect motor vehicle speed data along School Street and Route
202 in the vicinity of the Route 202/School Street intersection, to
identify the most appropriate times of day for increased
enforcement. Evaluate safety conditions after the short-term
improvements are implemented in the summer of 2013.
Collect traffic volume data at the intersection of Route
202/School Street to determine if a change in intersection
control (e.g. traffic signal or roundabout) is warranted and
feasible.
As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider the
feasibility and safety benefits of changing the intersection
control, either through introduction of a traffic signal or
roundabout, if warranted according to traffic volume data.
Consider heavy vehicle traffic, pedestrian accommodations, and
sight distance limitations east of the intersection due to the
Location 1: Route horizontal curve of the roadway.
202/School Street
Consider providing safety education for young drivers at The
MacDuffie School and the Granby Junior-Senior High School,
specifically noting the high-crash locations and emphasizing
safe driving techniques.
As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider the
feasibility of realigning the School Street southbound approach
to intersect Route 202 at a right angle and ensure that it is
narrow enough to preclude vehicles from forming two lines and
obstructing each other’s sight lines while accommodating turning
radius requirements for heavy vehicles.
Consider installing street name signage for the north leg of
School Street at the intersection.
Relocate street name signage at the southeast corner of the
intersection so that it is visible from Route 202. Replace signage
as appropriate to meet current MassDOT standards.
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT/Town of
Granby
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT/Town of
Granby
High
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Granby
Low
Long-Term
High
MassDOT
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
Page 22
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements (continued)
Location
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
High
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
High
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Medium
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
High
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Restrict left turns with signage at the Dunkin Donuts and the
Cumberland Farms entrance driveway on Route 202 to reduce
the occurrence of angle-type crashes.
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider the
feasibility of constructing a raised median on Route 202 between
Pleasant Street and Amherst Street to prevent left turns at
driveways if turn restrictions through signage are deemed
ineffective or create an enforcement issue.
High
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Safety Enhancement
Consider the safety benefits of formalizing a left-turn lane on
Route 202 westbound at Amherst Street/Cumberland Farms
east driveway in order to formalize a safe, dedicated place for
vehicles to make a left turn.
As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider signalizing
the Route 202/Amherst Street/Cumberland Farms intersection
and coordinating with the Route 202/Pleasant Street signalized
intersection if safety conditions do not improve as a result of
adding the left-turn lane.
As part of long-term planning efforts, consider replacing the
existing mast arms with longer mast arms to align signal faces
with the travel lanes and provide redundancy of signal
indications to improve visibility.
Evaluate the length of the protected left-turn phase and
Location 2: Route
clearance intervals for protected left turns at the Route
202/Pleasant
202/Pleasant Street intersection to ensure that there is adequate
Street and Route
time for vehicles to safely exit the intersection before a
202/Amherst
conflicting movement is given the right-of-way. Consider the
Street
safety benefits implementing protected-only left-turn phasing.
Consider the feasibility of lengthening the left-turn lanes on the
Route 202 eastbound approach at the Route 202/Amherst Street
intersection and on the Router 202 approach at the Route
202/Pleasant Street intersection as part of long-term
reconstruction efforts.
Page 23
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements (continued)
Location
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
Consider the feasibility and appropriateness of either removing
or modifying the geometry of the right-turn slip lanes on Pleasant
Street to accommodate heavy vehicles as part of long-term
reconstruction efforts.
Medium
Long-term
High
MassDOT
As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, consider realigning
Amherst Street westerly so that it aligns with the Cumberland
Farms driveway, which would facilitate left turns from Route 202
onto Amherst Street and Cumberland Farms.
Medium
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
Low
Short-term
Low
Town of Granby
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
Repair or replace sign posts for the “Do Not Pass” (R1-4) sign
on Route 202 westbound and the “Stop” sign on Amherst Street
southbound to improve sign visibility.
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT
Consider options to discourage or eliminate cut-through traffic
between Amherst Street and Pleasant Street via the adjacent
businesses driveway either through turn restrictions or by
modifying access to parcels as they are redeveloped.
Low
Short-term
Low
MassDOT/Town of
Granby
Safety Enhancement
Reduce sign clutter along Route 202 eastbound. Ensure there
is adequate spacing between signs and remove unnecessary
Location 2: Route signage, as appropriate.
202/Pleasant
Remove the nonstandard street name signage on Pleasant
Street and Route
Street and on Amherst Street northbound.
202/Amherst
Street
Reinstall the “Yield” (R1-2) and “Do Not Enter” (R5-1) signage
on the Pleasant Street northbound slip lane away from the curb
line and remove the unused signal post so that it is not struck by
turning heavy vehicles.
Page 24
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Table 2. Summary of Potential Safety Enhancements (continued)
Location
Safety Enhancement
Location 2: Route
202/Pleasant
Street and Route
202/Amherst
Street
As part of long-term reconstruction efforts, evaluate the
feasibility of providing additional pedestrian facilities in the area,
and form connections with the pedestrian facilities that already
exist, to encourage visitors to walk between the businesses in
the Five Corners area.
Safety
Payoff
Time Frame
Cost
Responsible Party
High
Long-term
High
MassDOT
Page 25
Road Safety Audit
Cranberry Highway (Routes 6 and 28), Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda
Road Safety Audit
Granby, MA
Route 202 (East State St)/School Street &
Route 202 (West State St)/Pleasant St/Amherst St
Meeting Location: Granby Police Department
259 A East State Street, Granby, MA
Tuesday, March 19, 2013
9:00 AM – 12:00 noon
Type of meeting:
High Crash Locations – Road Safety Audit
Attendees:
Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team
Please bring:
Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!
9:00 AM
Welcome and Introductions
9:15 AM
Discussion of Safety Issues
• Crash history, Speed Regulations – provided in advance
• Existing Geometries and Conditions
10:00 AM
Site Visit
• Drive to the intersections of Route 202 at School St and Route 202 at Pleasant
St/Amherst St
• As a group, identify areas for improvement
11:00 AM
Discussion of Potential Improvements
• Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas
• Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations
12:00 noon
Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended
Instructions for Participants:
• Before attending the RSA on March 19th, participants are encouraged to drive/walk
through the intersections and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List
with a focus on safety.
• All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants
are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the
synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the
success of the overall RSA process.
• After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the
document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the
multidisciplinary team.
Road Safety Audit
Cranberry Highway (Routes 6 and 28), Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data
Crash Data Summary Table
East State Street and School Street, Granby, MA
1/1/2008 - 12/31/2011
Crash
Diagram
Ref #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Crash Date Time of Day
m/d/y
1/25/08
4/8/08
4/26/08
4/26/08
7/8/08
8/19/08
9/6/08
12/3/08
1/23/09
1/30/09
7/7/09
10/22/09
4/2/10
9/3/11
9/16/11
9/17/11
6:41 AM
2:07 PM
4:59 PM
5:27 PM
6:29 PM
8:32 PM
11:15 AM
8:07 AM
6:28 PM
8:45 AM
8:20 PM
3:30 PM
8:31 AM
5:03 PM
3:03 PM
1:02 PM
Manner of Collision
Type
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Angle
Angle
Angle
Sideswipe, same direction
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Angle
12/20/11
12/26/11
5:11 PM
2:50 PM
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Angle
Light Condition
Type
Dawn
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Dusk
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Dusk
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Dark, unknown
roadway lighting
Daylight
Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from the Granby Police Department
Weather
Condition
Type
Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Cloudy
Clear
Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Rain
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Road Surface
Type
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Wet
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Driver Contributing Code
Type
No Improper Driving
Inattention
Inattention
Inattention
Inattention
Failed to yield to right of way
Inattention
Glare
Failed to yield to right of way
Inattention
No Improper Driving
Failed to yield to right of way
No Improper Driving
Failed to yield to right of way
No Improper Driving
Inattention
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
Failed to yield to right of way
Failed to yield to right of way
D1
Ages
D2
D3
19
29
72
64
26
39
30
42
77
24
28
79
37
65
61
54
37 unk
19
24
28
41
75
59
19
18
35
22
58
52
17
53
20
57
46
16
Comments
D4
Vehicle 1 diverted and collided with Vehicle 2 in a side-swipe manner
Police officer directing through traffic, Vehicle 1 turns left without signaling
Hit and run, drivers diverted vehicles and collided in a side-swipe manner
19
Driver in vehicle 2 stated that he didn't see vehicle 1.
20 Unable to be located. 30 ft east of MECO pole #182
Vehicle 2 didn't see vehicle 1
Vehicle 2 entered the westbound travel lane while turning to go eastbound
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
East State Street and School Street, Granby, MA
CRASH MONTH
25%
20%
22%
22%
17%
17%
15%
11%
10%
6%
5%
0%
0%
0%
F
M
J
0%
0%
M
J
A
6%
0%
J
A
S
O
N
D
CRASH DAY OF WEEK
28%
30%
28%
28%
20%
10%
0%
6%
6%
6%
0%
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CRASH TIME OF DAY
30%
22%22%
17%
20%
11% 11%
10%
0%
6%
6% 6%
0% 0% 0% 0%
6AM­
8AM
8AM­
10AM
10AM­
12PM
12PM­
2PM
2PM­
4PM
4PM­
6PM
6PM­
8PM
8PM­
10PM
10PM­
12AM
12AM­
2AM
2AM­
4AM
4AM­
6AM
CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
67%
17%
6%
0%
Single
Vehicle
Crash
Rear-end
E STATE ST AND SCHOOL ST.xlsx
Angle
11%
Sideswipe, Sideswipe,
same
opposite
direction
direction
1 of 3
0%
0%
0%
Head on
Rear to
Rear
Unknown
3/1/2013
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
East State Street and School Street, Granby, MA
CRASH LIGHT CONDITION
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
78%
11%
6%
Daylight
Dawn
Dusk
0%
0%
Dark ­
Lighted
Roadway
Dark ­
Roadway
not lighted
6%
Dark ­
unknown
roadway
lighting
0%
0%
Other
Unknown
CRASH WEATHER CONDITION
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
0%
Blowing
sand, snow
Severe
Crosswinds
0%
0%
Unknown
0%
Other
0%
Fog, Smog,
Smoke
Rain
0%
CRASH ROAD SURFACE
94%
6%
Dry
0%
Sleet, Hail,
Freezing
Rain
6%
Cloudy
17%
Snow
78%
Clear
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Wet
0%
0%
Snow
Ice
0%
0%
Sand, mud, Water
dirt, oil, (standing,
gravel
moving)
0%
0%
0%
Slush
Other
Unknown
CRASH DRIVER AGES
30%
20%
24%
19%
8%
10%
0%
16%
14%
8%
11%
0%
15-20
21-29
E STATE ST AND SCHOOL ST.xlsx
30-39
40-49
2 of 3
50-59
60-69
70-79
80+
3/1/2013
Crash Data Summary Table
Crash
Diagram
Ref #
1
2
3
4
5
Crash Date
Time of Day
m/d/y
Manner of Collision
West State Street at Pleasant Street and Amherst Street, Granby, MA
1/1/2008 - 12/31/2011
Weather
Road
Surface
Light Condition Condition
Driver Contributing Code
Ages
1/18/08
2/8/08
2/22/08
4/10/08
4/22/08
10:05 AM
11:54 AM
7:12 AM
3:18 PM
4:39 PM
Type
Single Vehicle Crash
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Rear-end
Type
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Type
Clear
Cloudy
Snow
Clear
Clear
Type
Wet
Wet
Snow
Dry
Dry
6
7
5/14/08
5/20/08
9:41 AM
2:09 PM
Angle
Angle
Daylight
Daylight
Clear
Cloudy
Dry
Dry
Inattention
No Improper Driving
Visibility Obstructed
Inattention
Disregarded traffic signs, signals,
road markings
No Improper Driving
8
5/28/08
3:23 PM
Angle
Daylight
Clear
Dry
9
10
6/4/08
8/23/08
5:11 PM
10:44 AM
Angle
Rear-end
Cloudy
Clear
11
10/17/08
6:33 PM
Angle
Daylight
Daylight
Dark - lighted
roadway
12
13
11/5/08
12/27/08
4:47 PM
2:27 PM
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Angle
14
15
1/3/09
1/18/09
7:40 PM
6:59 AM
Rear-end
Rear-end
16
17
2/25/09
3/31/09
10:55 PM
8:26 AM
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
4/15/09
5/7/09
7/9/09
8/10/09
9/14/09
10/6/09
10/30/09
12/20/09
5/24/10
7:58 PM
7:18 PM
6:42 PM
4:20 PM
5:00 PM
1:28 PM
12:04 PM
12:40 PM
11:59 AM
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Sideswipe, same direction
Rear-end
Angle
Rear-end
Rear-end
Rear-end
27
28
7/2/10
7/4/10
12:02 PM
11:17 AM
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Rear-end
29
30
10/3/10
2/14/11
2:46 AM
7:55 AM
31
32
33
34
3/23/11
4/7/11
4/7/11
4/30/11
35
36
37
38
39
Dusk
Daylight
Dark - lighted
roadway
Daylight
Dark - lighted
roadway
Daylight
Dark - lighted
roadway
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Type
D1
unk
31
57
47
49
D2
Comments
D3
Hit and run
62
57
61
63
40
17
30
23
Vehicle 2 driving erratically
Failed to yield to right of way
18
79
Dry
Dry
Made an improper turn
Distracted
19
43
17
18
Clear
Dry
Failed to yield to right of way
19
56
Clear
Cloudy
Dry
Wet
Failed to yield to right of way
Failed to yield to right of way
80
19
30
48
Clear
Snow
Dry
Snow
Inattention
Followed too closely
46
38
48
29
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
Distracted
No Improper Driving
18
34
35 unk
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Cloudy
Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Failed to yield to right of way
No Improper Driving
Inattention
Unknown
Inattention
Inattention
Inattention
Inattention
Inattention
18
36
23
unk
26
41
20
40
43
43
25
18
37
55
19
53
39
Operator of vehicle 2 stated that he looked down to change radio prior to the crash
"Courtesy Crash" - See note below
Driving too fast.
Vehicle #2's operator stated he was distracted looking for a restaurant.
Hit and run, tractor trailer swiped traffic light
Cloudy
Clear
Dry
Dry
Failed to yield to right of way
Inattention
35
14
30
73
Angle
Rear-end
Daylight
Daylight
Dark - lighted
roadway
Daylight
Clear
Cloudy
Dry
Dry
Failed to yield to right of way
Distracted
24
48
21
55
2:32 PM
12:40 PM
6:12 PM
4:03 PM
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Rear-end
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Inattention
Inattention
Failed to yield to right of way
Inattention
76
28
19
27
33
39
26
21
6/1/11
6/2/11
7/9/11
7/16/11
7/19/11
2:14 PM
10:04 AM
11:15 AM
1:52 PM
7:43 AM
Angle
Rear-end
Angle
Angle
Angle
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Daylight
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Inattention
Inattention
Failed to yield to right of way
Failed to yield to right of way
Inattention
42
55
63
26
31
19
62
48
21
28
40
8/6/11
11:23 AM
Single Vehicle Crash
Daylight
Clear
Dry
No Improper Driving
51
41
8/30/11
12:33 PM
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
43
42
9/1/11
4:20 PM
Single Vehicle Crash
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
64
Vehicle 2 pulled out from between two unknown vehicles in right lane and struck vehicle 1 in
left lane
"Courtesy Crash" - See note below
Vehicle 1 stopped for uninvolved vehicle turning into Dunkin Donuts
"Courtesy Crash" - See note below
47
Operator (motorcycle) can't maintain balance when tires rolled into soft sand on road
shoulder.
20
Trailer turned too sharp and struck a traffic light pole when vehicle 1 pulled it's trailer over
the curb
Crash Data Summary Table
Crash
Diagram
Ref #
43
44
45
Crash Date
Time of Day
Manner of Collision
m/d/y
Type
West State Street at Pleasant Street and Amherst Street, Granby, MA
1/1/2008 - 12/31/2011
Weather
Road
Surface
Light Condition Condition
Driver Contributing Code
Ages
9/6/11
9/9/11
9:03 AM
10:52 AM
Angle
Rear-end
Type
Daylight
Daylight
Type
Cloudy
Clear
Type
Dry
Dry
Type
Visibility Obstructed
Inattention
11/15/11
2:58 PM
Sideswipe, opposite direction
Daylight
Clear
Dry
Inattention
D1
46
58
53
Comments
D2 D3
22
Uninvolved vehicle in left turn pocket blocked Vehicle 1's view of Vehicle 2
42
21
"Courtesy Crash" - See note below
Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from the Granby Police Department
Courtesy Crash - A term used to describe a crash that occurs subsequent to a non-involved mainline driver who gives the right of way, contrary to the rules of the road, to another driver.
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
West State Street at Pleasant Street and Amherst Street, Granby, MA
CRASH MONTH
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
13%
13%
11%
9%
9%
9%
9%
7%
7%
4%
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
4%
4%
N
D
CRASH DAY OF WEEK
20%
18%
18%
16%
16%
16%
15%
10%
9%
9%
5%
0%
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CRASH TIME OF DAY
30%
20%
20%
10%
0%
16%16%16% 13%
9% 7%
0% 2% 0% 2% 0%
6AM­
8AM
8AM­
10AM
10AM­
12PM
12PM­
2PM
2PM­
4PM
4PM­
6PM
6PM­
8PM
8PM­
10PM
10PM­
12AM
12AM­
2AM
2AM­
4AM
4AM­
6AM
CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION
50%
38%
40%
42%
30%
20%
10%
0%
7%
Single
Vehicle
Crash
4%
Rear-end
W STATE ST AND PLEASANT ST.xlsx
Angle
9%
Sideswipe, Sideswipe,
same
opposite
direction
direction
3 of 4
0%
0%
0%
Head on
Rear to
Rear
Unknown
3/1/2013
Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts
West State Street at Pleasant Street and Amherst Street, Granby, MA
CRASH LIGHT CONDITION
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
87%
Daylight
0%
2%
Dawn
Dusk
11%
Dark ­
Lighted
Roadway
0%
0%
0%
0%
Dark ­
Roadway
not lighted
Dark ­
unknown
roadway
lighting
Other
Unknown
CRASH WEATHER CONDITION
80%
73%
60%
40%
22%
0%
0%
Blowing
sand, snow
0%
Unknown
0%
Other
0%
Severe
Crosswinds
Snow
Rain
Cloudy
0%
Fog, Smog,
Smoke
4%
0%
Clear
0%
Sleet, Hail,
Freezing
Rain
20%
CRASH ROAD SURFACE
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
89%
Dry
7%
4%
0%
Wet
Snow
Ice
0%
0%
Sand, mud, Water
dirt, oil, (standing,
gravel
moving)
0%
0%
0%
Slush
Other
Unknown
CRASH DRIVER AGES
30%
21%
20%
17%
21%
17%
12%
7%
10%
0%
15-20
21-29
W STATE ST AND PLEASANT ST.xlsx
30-39
40-49
4 of 4
50-59
60-69
4%
70-79
1%
80+
3/1/2013
Road Safety Audit
Route 202 (East State Street)/School Street & Route 202 (West State Street)/Pleasant Street/Amherst
Street, Granby, MA
Prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.
Appendix D. Additional Information