2/13/12
ORIENTATION TO 1ST LAB
•  Goals:
•  Anatomical Vocabulary:
•  Learn common anatomical terms that we will use all
semester
!
•  Comparative Anatomy:
HUMAN ANATOMY
L A B # 1 : H U M A N A N AT O M Y I N P E R S P E C T I V E
•  Human anatomy in comparison to other mammals
•  Evolutionary basis for modern human features
•  Human variation:
•  Sex
•  Age
PROCEDURE
•  Work in groups of 5 to 6 people
•  6 Stations
•  15 minutes/station; groups rotate from station to
station
•  Review all together at the end of lab
STATION 1: ANATOMICAL TERMS
•  What are you supposed to know?
•  Memorize the terms in Station 1 and be able to use
the terms appropriately in complete sentences.
•  Where to find the information
1.  Your text (Saladin Human Anatomy, 3rd ed.)
2.  Other resources we have set on the table.
STATION 2: COMPARISON OF CAT,
MONKEY, AND HUMAN
•  What are you supposed to know?
•  Identify and name bulleted regions such as specific
areas of the vertebral column, the pelvis, etc.
•  Context for human Anatomy: We are all mammals!
•  Humans share many aspects of anatomy with other
mammals.
•  Structure/Function relationship. How do observed
differences relate to adaptation/way of life?
•  e.g. how does anatomy relate to how the animal moves
around its environment?
STATION 2
•  We are all mammals!
•  Humans share many aspects of anatomy with other
mammals.
•  Compare skull, vertebral column, pelvis, and hands
and feet; what is shared and what is unique about
human anatomy?.
•  Go beyond description; ponder FUNCTION. How do
the observed differences relate to adaptation/way
of life?
•  e.g. locomotion—how does anatomy relate to how the
animal moves around its environment?
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2/13/12
2= ILIUM 3= ISCHIUM 4= PUBIS
CAT SKELETON
C O M PA R E S K U L L , V E R T E B R A L C O L U M N , H A N D S & F E E T
STATION 3: COMPARISON OF CHIMP &
HUMAN
•  What are you supposed to know?
•  Describe similarities and differences between
humans and chimpanzees.
Family Tree
(Phylogeny)
Chimp and Human
2
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STATION 4: COMPARISON OF FOSSIL
& MODERN SKULLS
PELVIS TERMS
•  What are you supposed to know?
•  Describe major trends in human evolution over the
past 5 million years .
•  Define hominin.
•  Early hominins were bipedal and had a small brain.
STATION 4: COMPARISON OF FOSSIL
& MODERN SKULLS
STATION 4: COMPARISON OF FOSSIL
& MODERN SKULLS
•  Australopithecus
•  Homo
!
STATION 4: COMPARISON OF FOSSIL
& MODERN SKULLS
Australopithecus
africanus (2.5
mya) “Mrs. Ples”
Australopithecus
africanus (2.5
mya) “Mrs. Ples”
Australopithecus robustus
(1.8 mya)
“Zinjanthropus,” with friend
Louis Leakey
STATION 4: COMPARISON OF FOSSIL
& MODERN SKULLS
•  Homo erectus
•  In Africa
about 2 mya
•  Trend toward
taller stature,
larger brain
Australopithecus robustus
(1.8 mya)
“Zinjanthropus”, with friend
Louis Leakey
KNM-WT 15,000 “Turkana Boy”
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2/13/12
STATION 4: COMPARISON OF FOSSIL
& MODERN SKULLS
Homo neandertalensis, “The Old Man,” LaChapelle-aux-Saints, 50 th. y a, 1620 cc
Homo sapiens “Cro Magnon,” Les
Eysies, France, 30 th. y a, 1400 cc
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/
Homo neandertalensis, “The Old Man,” LaChapelle-aux-Saints, 50 th. y a, 1620 cc
Homo sapiens “Cro Magnon,” Les
Eysies, France, 30 th. y a, 1400 cc
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/
STATION 5: SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE SKELETON
•  What are you
supposed to know?
•  Describe specific
differences between male
and female skeletons.
•  Female
•  Pelvis adapted for walking
and giving birth
•  Male
•  Pelvis adapted for walking STATION 4: COMPARISON OF FOSSIL
& MODERN SKULLS
http://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/
male_female.html
STATION 5 VOCAB
• Nuchal
Crest
• Supraorbital
ridges
• Mastoid
Process
STATION 6: VARIATION DUE TO AGE
•  What are you supposed to know?
•  Describe specific skeletal differences between
infants, children, adults, and the elderly.
Infant Skull
Adult Skull (Gray’s Anatomy)
4