B U I L D I N G
T H E
I N F O R M A T I O N
Joint Facilitation Meeting on
WSIS Action Line C2, C4, C6
S O C I E T Y
Document ALC2C4C6/3/13-E
15 May 2007
Original: English
Action Line C6: Enabling Environment
Universal Access Trends
submitted by
International Telecommunication Union
Telecommunication Development Bureau
Regulatory and Market Environment Division
Joint Facilitation Meeting on
Action Lines C2, C4, and C6
16 May 2007, ITU Headquarters,
Geneva, Switzerland
Action Line C6 Enabling Environment
Universal Access Trends
Susan Schorr
Regulatory Officer
ITU BDT Regulatory and Market Environment Division
International
Telecommunication
Union
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU or its Membership.
Universal Access Issues
Today—or using all tools
ƒ How should the scope of universal access be
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defined?
What should universal access funding support?
Should broadband be included in a universal
access definition?
Where funding is required, how should universal
access funds be collected and distributed?
How should needs be identified - top down or
bottom up?
What role do not-for-profit organizations play?
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Telephone and Internet Users
World, Millions
2'500
2'000
Mobile
1'500
Fixed line
1'000
Internet
Users
500
Broadband subscribers
by region, 2005
0
1991
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Africa
0.15%
Europe & CIS
countries
30.63%
The Americas
31.07%
Arab States
0.44%
Asia & Pacific
37.71%
Source: ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database
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Treatment of PUBLIC provision of
wireless local area network services
in the 2.4GHz band, World, 2005
100%
2
4
WLAN services in these bands
are not allowed
3
80%
9
7
6
A license is required
13
60%
40%
20%
10
3
5
3
1
Can be offered WITHOUT a
license and WITHOUT prior
registration or notification
E
ur
op
e/
C
IS
P
ac
ifi
c
A
si
a
st
at
es
A
ra
b
A
m
er
ic
as
0%
A
fr
ic
a
Can be offered WITHOUT a
license but WITH prior
registration or notification
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4
6
Source: ITU World Telecommunication Regulatory Database
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Universal Access Funding
and Disbursement
ƒ Eroding revenues from international and long
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distance calls coupled with decline of
accounting rate system and rise of VoIP
Universal access funds based on operator
revenue, levies on end users, license and
spectrum fees, general taxation
Who is supported? End users, Incumbents,
Small operators, NGOs and Not for Profits
Top-down or bottom up approach?
Micro-finance
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Blueprint for Universal
Access Trends
ƒ Greater reliance on sector reform
ƒ Government funding collected and
disbursed in innovative ways
ƒ Leverage technological
developments, new actors,
innovative financing (micro-credit)
ƒ Ensure backbones deployed
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Universal Access Module
The Key role that regulatory reform plays in promoting universal
access/service
- Fostering a competitive market to address the “market efficiency gap”
- Addressing the true access gap: government financial intervention to achieve
universal access
- The role of the government as a facilitator, how in some cases it can do so
without providing financial support, e.g., to bring a broad range of actors
together to develop national broadband internet backbones or establish
national and regional Internet Exchange Points (IXPs).
Universal service / access policies in the context of increasing deployment of
broadband and Internet; including to schools, rural areas, health facilities,
youth, women, indigenous people and disabled users.
Universal service / access mechanisms in the context of changing
interconnection modalities associated with next-generation networks.
The provision of emergency services in both traditional telecommunications
and IP/NGN environments.
The design of targeted subsidies; risks and management models for universal
service / access funds.
Examples and case studies of operator-specific strategies for planning
universal access projects
The roles of public and private sectors, and NGOs, including for example
initiatives for local open access networks for communities and municipalities.
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Thank you!
susan.schorr@itu.int
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