Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” Paris, 17 September 2012 Energy Efficiency, Clean Power and the Smart Grid Flavio CUCCHIETTI TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI Key issues, challenges and opportunities for ICT Modern paradigms often rely on rich and flexible data description Risk of transmission delays, network overload and unacceptable performance for time-critical applications. Coexistence of multiple technologies – no “one fits all” solution wireline = higher performance, but higher deployment costs (remote areas) wireless = cost-effective solutions, but performance and reach limitations; interferences are likely for unlicensed technologies Survivability of the telecommunication network to blackouts ICT for SG has to be carefully designed and standardized to: Maximize SG benefits Guarantee a stable energy system Avoid ICT to become an unacceptable energy burden itself ICT is the enabler of a more efficient electrical system and for the electrification of developing countries TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 1 TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI Is ICT ready for Smart Grids? YES and NO! YES because: Many proven technologies available (transmission, networking, sensors) Complex services similar to those of SG are up and running Challenges like those of SG have been faced already (huge scale, security, redundancy, availability …) NO because: SG have peculiar degree of complexity Huge volumes Different needs High requirements on network dependability Cost and energy efficiency still needs to be optimized TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 2 TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI Will a single network be sufficient? NO! Different needs can require different solutions Control networks - to guarantee safety, stability and optimal integration of renewable energy sources Are needed very soon Relatively high number of nodes Stringent requirements on dependability, latency, survivability Involving end-users - sensors, networking equipment, computing and rendering devices Extremely high number of elements Lower requirements on latency Much higher data volumes Need for future proof solutions (more mature, interoperable …) More standardization is needed TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 3 TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI Energy footprint of ICT for SG Most of ICT energy load will be in homes Few watts per client can result into heavy energy burden both for the client and at national level It could remarkably reduce the benefits of SG Need for more efficient ICT TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 4 TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI Energy footprint of ICT - 1 Energy footprint of ICT (including user devices) is continuously increasing. Large installations for the implementation of Smart Grids will further raise current forecasts! •Source: http://dmsext.itu.int/pub/itut/oth/33/04/T33040000020004pdfe.pdf •Source: GeSI Smart2020 TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 5 TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI Energy footprint of ICT - 2 Homes and Distribution grids are expected to be the most critical environments. millions of such sites in the whole system. •Source: www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/33/04/T33040000020004PDFE.pdf. An example: Future broadband network’s Energy footprint estimation •Sources: 1) BroadBand Code of Conduct V.3 (EC-JRC) and “inertial” technology improvements to 2015-2020 (home and access cons.) • 2) Telecom Italia measurements and evaluations (power consumption of metro/core network and number of devices) •[see R. Bolla, R. Bruschi, K. Christensen, F. Cucchietti, F. Davoli, S. Singh, “The potential impact of green technologies in next-generation wireline networks: Is there room for energy saving optimization?” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 80-86, Aug. 2011] TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 6 TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI Energy footprint of ICT - 3 Energy usage of ICT equipment is increasing in homes, owing to: Source: www.iea.org/pap ers/2008/cd_ene rgy_efficiency_pol icy/3Appliances%20an d%20equipment/ 3cool_appliance20 03.pdf more ICT devices laptops, set-top-boxes, smart phones, handhelds, tablets, … ; most devices are left powered on even when not used often to maintain “network presence”; inefficient standby states Source: http://remodece.isr.uc.pt/ TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 7 METER meter consumption (W) 2 Displaying device (W) 3 HOME NETWORK TELECOM ITALIAhome GROUP gateway ADSL (W) 5,35 home gateway DOCSIS 3 (W) 8,35 578 578 578 578 578 578 578 578 867 867 867 867 867 867 867 867 Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> 3,75 1 1547 1223 1547 773 773 387 Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI 7,05 1 2414 2151 2414 5,35 1 2529 1841 2529 2529 1265 632 9,05 1 3570 2902 3570 2 1 578 578 1 1 867 463 Potential energy impact of ICT technologies 15000 radio base station consumption (W) radio base stations (mix AN-NAN) NAN nodes (only in cities) * 900 7500 250000 8760 0,8 835 1 1,5 1,5 10 10 2 2 GWh1 3556 723 520 318 257 595 595 177 168 89 84 22 22 578 578 Case A1 GWh GWh 723 318 723 159 GWh GWh GWh 723 595 723 177 Case C 723 723 35 141 GWh GWh 723 89 Case Z MIX 3G(4G) / ADSL upgrade of existing networks radio base stations (radio only) 0,15 5782 EQUIPMENT ALWAYS IN FULL MODE Case A2 Case B Case B1 Case B2 MIX WIRELESS 3G(4G) / NAN numbers ACCESS NETWORK DOCSIS per line (W) 1,1 1 578 356 ALL WIRED ADSL/OPTICAL use of existing bb connections (50%) cooling + powering factor W 0,25 NAN node consumption (W) 723 159 33000000 meter consumption TOTAL (W) 3 1 1 867 463 home gateway ADSL (W) 5,35 3,75 1 1547 1223 home gateway DOCSIS 3 (W) 8,35 7,05 1 2414 2151 8,75 5,35 1 2529 1841 12,35 9,05 1 3570 2902 TOTAL + POWER LINE HOME home gateway wireless HSPA (W) BATTERY BACK UP home gateway wireless WiMAX (W) RESILIENCE (ARCHITECTURAL) GWh DEPLOYMENT COST IN CITIES/VILLAGES additional powerline low speed 2 0,9 1 578 356 DEPLOYMENT COST IN SPARSELY POPULATED AREAS home sensors 10 DEPLOYMENT TIME sensor/actuator power line 2 0,9 1 5782 3556 PUBLIC OPPOSITION TO THE DEPLOYMENT sensor/actuator low power MAINTENANCE COST (in case of use of existing networks, only the extra costs related to 0,25 0,15 1 723 520 wireless the additional equipment for SG services ) ADSL DSLAM per line (W) 1,1 0,8 1,5 318 257 BIT RATE LATENCY DOCSIS per line (W) 595 595 MULTIPLE radio base CONCURRENT stations (radio COMMUNICATION only) 15000 REACH TO UNDERGROUND LOCATIONS (meters in cellar corridors) radio base station consumption (W) 900 835 radio base stations (mix AN-NAN) 177 168 89 84 1,5 7500 -723 GWh 22 POWER LINE low speed 4033 578 3100 578 5177 578 4875 578 4733 578 5879 578 4317 578 3382 578 867 1547 9718 867 773 8785 867 867 867 867 10862 10750 10448 +++ +++ ----+ +++ +++ + ----++ -+ ----+ 2529 + 2529 ++ + ---- + + + + + 3570 + 723 -318 +++ 723 159 +++ 723 --- 723 -- ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ 595 ++ + + 177 - 2414 ++ +++ 11743 867 773 9954 867 387 9091 + 1265 - 632 ++ --- ------ ++ ++ + ++ + 723 - 723 -- 723 - ++ + + 35 - ++ + + 141 - + ++ ++ - 723 +++ 159 +++ + 5637 578 5782 -723 ++ ++ 35 +++ 89 Up to 3% additional National energy consumption 22 Up to 10%TOTAL additional energy used customers 4033 3100 by 5177 end 4875 4733 5879 4317 3382 NAN nodes (only in cities) 5782 35 1000000000 Displaying device (W) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ACCESS NETWORK HOME NETWORK 578 full active mode overall power consumption overall consumption 30% full active mode 70% standby Unit power consumption stand-by mode W Example based on Italian case study ADSL DSLAM per line (W) 0,9 Unit power consumption full mode 2 sensor/actuator low power wireless electrical meters 1 Case A sensor/actuator power line METER 0,9 ALL WIRELESS WIMAX 2 10 ALL WIRELESS 3G/4G - USE OF EXISTING NETWORKS additional powerline low speed home sensors ALL WIRELESS 3G/4G/WiMAX 12,35 ALL WIRED DOCSIS 3 8,75 home gateway wireless WiMAX (W) ALL WIRED ADSL/OPTICAL home gateway wireless HSPA (W) 250000 NAN node consumption (W) 10 10 22 22 1000000000 GWh TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC TOTAL + POWER LINE HOME GWh 9718 8785 10862 10750 10448 11743 9954 9091 + 56378 TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI Do we need better and more efficient ICT for SG? Definitely YES! The path towards Green ICT includes: Careful evaluation of the technical solutions chosen There is definitely not a single solution able to fit all needs, World’s regions, cities, rural areas … Base decisions also on their energy consumption Re-engineering of devices’ hardware energy-efficient silicon and reduction of complexity Dynamic adaptation of performance/consumption power scaling (Adaptive Rate, AR) and low-power idle (LPI) Smart standby states proxying network presence and virtualization. Device and network level optimization energy-aware traffic engineering TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 9 TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI Conclusions Smart Grids deployment is vital for electrical network efficiency, full use of renewable sources and electrification of developing countries Rely heavily on ICT Huge deployment scale and need for reducing energy burdens needs optimized solutions and more efficient ICT Lots is available but lots still needs to be done Strong cooperation needed between: Research – Standardization –Industry - Providers and Users Electrical and ICT sectors must boost their cooperation TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 10 TELECOM ITALIA GROUP Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT” | Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it> Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI THANK YOU flavio.cucchietti@telecomitalia.it Report: http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange/report-smartgrids.html TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC 11