Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
Paris, 17 September 2012
Energy Efficiency, Clean Power
and the Smart Grid
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Key issues, challenges and opportunities for ICT
 Modern paradigms often rely on rich and flexible data description
 Risk of transmission delays, network overload and unacceptable
performance for time-critical applications.
 Coexistence of multiple technologies – no “one fits all” solution
 wireline = higher performance, but higher deployment costs
(remote areas)
 wireless = cost-effective solutions, but performance and reach
limitations; interferences are likely for unlicensed technologies
 Survivability of the telecommunication network to blackouts
 ICT for SG has to be carefully designed and standardized to:
 Maximize SG benefits
 Guarantee a stable energy system
 Avoid ICT to become an unacceptable energy burden itself
ICT is the enabler of a more efficient electrical system
and for the electrification of developing countries
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
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TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Is ICT ready for Smart Grids?
YES and NO!
 YES because:
Many
proven
technologies
available
(transmission,
networking, sensors)
Complex services similar to those of SG are up and running
Challenges like those of SG have been faced already (huge
scale, security, redundancy, availability …)
 NO because:
SG have peculiar degree of complexity
Huge volumes
Different needs
High requirements on network dependability
Cost and energy efficiency still needs to be optimized
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
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TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Will a single network be sufficient?
NO!
Different needs can require different solutions
 Control networks - to guarantee safety, stability and
optimal integration of renewable energy sources
 Are needed very soon
 Relatively high number of nodes
 Stringent requirements on dependability, latency, survivability
 Involving end-users - sensors, networking equipment,
computing and rendering devices
 Extremely high number of elements
 Lower requirements on latency
 Much higher data volumes
 Need for future proof solutions (more mature, interoperable …)
 More standardization is needed
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
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TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Energy footprint of ICT for SG
Most of ICT energy load will be in homes
Few watts per client can result into heavy energy burden
both for the client and at national level
It could remarkably reduce the benefits of SG
Need for more
efficient ICT
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
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TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Energy footprint of ICT - 1
Energy
footprint
of
ICT
(including user devices) is
continuously increasing.
Large
installations
for
the
implementation of Smart Grids
will
further
raise
current
forecasts!
•Source: http://dmsext.itu.int/pub/itut/oth/33/04/T33040000020004pdfe.pdf
•Source: GeSI Smart2020
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
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TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Energy footprint of ICT - 2
Homes and Distribution grids
are expected to be the most
critical environments.
 millions of such sites in the
whole system.
•Source: www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/33/04/T33040000020004PDFE.pdf.
An example: Future broadband network’s Energy footprint estimation
•Sources: 1) BroadBand Code of Conduct V.3 (EC-JRC) and “inertial” technology improvements to 2015-2020 (home and access cons.)
•
2) Telecom Italia measurements and evaluations (power consumption of metro/core network and number of devices)
•[see R. Bolla, R. Bruschi, K. Christensen, F. Cucchietti, F. Davoli, S. Singh, “The potential impact of green technologies in next-generation wireline networks: Is there room for energy
saving optimization?” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 80-86, Aug. 2011]
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
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TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Energy footprint of ICT - 3
Energy usage of ICT equipment is
increasing in homes, owing to:
Source:
www.iea.org/pap
ers/2008/cd_ene
rgy_efficiency_pol
icy/3Appliances%20an
d%20equipment/
3cool_appliance20
03.pdf
 more ICT devices
 laptops,
set-top-boxes,
smart phones, handhelds,
tablets, … ;
 most devices are left
powered on even when
not used
 often
to
maintain
“network presence”;
 inefficient standby states
Source: http://remodece.isr.uc.pt/
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METER
meter consumption (W)
2
Displaying device (W)
3
HOME NETWORK
TELECOM ITALIAhome
GROUP
gateway ADSL (W)
5,35
home gateway DOCSIS 3 (W)
8,35
578
578
578
578
578
578
578
578
867
867
867
867
867
867
867
867
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
|
Renato
Scotti
<renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
3,75
1
1547
1223
1547
773
773
387
Paris,
17
September
2012
- Flavio CUCCHIETTI
7,05
1
2414
2151
2414
5,35
1
2529
1841
2529 2529
1265
632
9,05
1
3570
2902
3570
2
1
578
578
1
1
867
463
Potential energy impact of ICT technologies
15000
radio base station consumption (W)
radio base stations (mix AN-NAN)
NAN nodes (only in cities)
*
900
7500
250000
8760
0,8
835
1
1,5
1,5
10
10
2
2
GWh1
3556
723
520
318
257
595
595
177
168
89
84
22
22
578
578
Case A1
GWh
GWh
723
318
723
159
GWh
GWh
GWh
723
595
723
177
Case C
723
723
35
141
GWh
GWh
723
89
Case Z
MIX 3G(4G) / ADSL upgrade
of existing networks
radio base stations (radio only)
0,15
5782
EQUIPMENT ALWAYS IN FULL MODE
Case A2
Case B
Case B1 Case B2
MIX WIRELESS
3G(4G) / NAN
numbers
ACCESS NETWORK
DOCSIS per line (W)
1,1
1
578
356
ALL WIRED ADSL/OPTICAL use of existing bb
connections (50%)
cooling + powering factor
W
0,25
NAN node consumption (W)
723
159
33000000
meter consumption TOTAL
(W)
3
1
1
867
463
home gateway ADSL (W)
5,35
3,75
1
1547
1223
home gateway DOCSIS 3 (W)
8,35
7,05
1
2414
2151
8,75
5,35
1
2529
1841
12,35
9,05
1
3570
2902
TOTAL + POWER LINE HOME
home gateway wireless HSPA (W)
BATTERY BACK UP
home gateway
wireless WiMAX (W)
RESILIENCE
(ARCHITECTURAL)
GWh
DEPLOYMENT
COST
IN CITIES/VILLAGES
additional
powerline
low speed
2
0,9
1
578
356
DEPLOYMENT
COST
IN
SPARSELY
POPULATED AREAS
home sensors
10
DEPLOYMENT TIME
sensor/actuator power line
2
0,9
1
5782
3556
PUBLIC OPPOSITION TO THE DEPLOYMENT
sensor/actuator low power
MAINTENANCE COST (in case of use of existing networks, only the extra costs related to
0,25
0,15
1
723
520
wireless
the additional equipment for SG services )
ADSL
DSLAM
per
line
(W)
1,1
0,8
1,5
318
257
BIT RATE
LATENCY
DOCSIS per line (W)
595
595
MULTIPLE
radio base CONCURRENT
stations (radio COMMUNICATION
only)
15000
REACH TO UNDERGROUND LOCATIONS (meters in cellar corridors)
radio base station consumption (W)
900
835
radio base stations (mix AN-NAN)
177
168
89
84
1,5
7500
-723
GWh
22
POWER LINE
low speed
4033
578 3100
578 5177
578 4875
578 4733
578 5879
578 4317
578 3382
578
867
1547
9718
867
773
8785
867
867
867
867
10862
10750
10448
+++
+++
----+
+++
+++
+
----++
-+
----+
2529
+
2529
++
+
----
+
+
+
+
+
3570
+
723
-318
+++
723
159
+++
723
---
723
--
++
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
++
595
++
+
+
177
-
2414
++
+++
11743
867
773
9954
867
387
9091
+
1265
-
632
++
---
------
++
++
+
++
+
723
-
723
--
723
-
++
+
+
35
-
++
+
+
141
-
+
++
++
-
723
+++
159
+++
+ 5637
578
5782
-723
++
++
35
+++
89
Up to 3% additional National energy consumption
22
Up to 10%TOTAL
additional energy used
customers
4033 3100 by
5177 end
4875 4733
5879 4317 3382
NAN nodes (only in cities)
5782
35
1000000000
Displaying device (W)
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
ACCESS NETWORK
HOME NETWORK
578
full active mode overall
power consumption
overall consumption 30%
full active mode 70%
standby
Unit power consumption
stand-by mode
W
Example based on
Italian case study
ADSL DSLAM per line (W)
0,9
Unit power consumption
full mode
2
sensor/actuator low power
wireless
electrical meters
1
Case A
sensor/actuator power line
METER
0,9
ALL WIRELESS WIMAX
2
10
ALL WIRELESS 3G/4G - USE
OF EXISTING NETWORKS
additional powerline low speed
home sensors
ALL WIRELESS
3G/4G/WiMAX
12,35
ALL WIRED DOCSIS 3
8,75
home gateway wireless WiMAX (W)
ALL WIRED ADSL/OPTICAL
home gateway wireless HSPA (W)
250000
NAN node consumption (W)
10
10
22
22
1000000000
GWh
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
TOTAL + POWER LINE HOME
GWh
9718
8785
10862
10750
10448
11743
9954
9091
+ 56378
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Do we need better and more efficient ICT for SG?
Definitely YES!
 The path towards Green ICT includes:
Careful evaluation of the technical solutions chosen
 There is definitely not a single solution able to fit all needs,
World’s regions, cities, rural areas …
 Base decisions also on their energy consumption
Re-engineering of devices’ hardware
 energy-efficient silicon and reduction of complexity
Dynamic adaptation of performance/consumption
 power scaling (Adaptive Rate, AR) and low-power idle (LPI)
Smart standby states
 proxying network presence and virtualization.
Device and network level optimization
 energy-aware traffic engineering
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
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TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Conclusions
 Smart Grids deployment is vital for electrical network
efficiency, full use of renewable sources and electrification
of developing countries
 Rely heavily on ICT
 Huge deployment scale and need for reducing energy
burdens needs optimized solutions and more efficient ICT
 Lots is available but lots still needs to be done
Strong cooperation needed between: Research –
Standardization –Industry - Providers and Users
Electrical and ICT sectors must boost their cooperation
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
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TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Forum on “Boosting Smart Grids through Energy Efficient ICT”
| Renato Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Paris, 17 September 2012 - Flavio CUCCHIETTI
THANK YOU
flavio.cucchietti@telecomitalia.it
Report: http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange/report-smartgrids.html
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