ITU Workshop on
“E-health services in low-resource settings:
Requirements and ITU role”
(Tokyo, Japan, 4-5 February 2013)
The Final Decision Call after the
Accident of Fukushima Nuclear
Power Plant
Isao Nakajima, M.D., Ph.D., Ph.D.
Vice Rapporteur for eHealth
Professor, EMS Tokai University School of Medicine
Tokyo, Japan, 4-5 February 2013
Agenda
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Who we are.
The last eHealth Rappoteurs Meeting
Tokyo 10-11 March 2011.
What does NBC mean.
Classification of disaster
Damage of the mobile communication
networks after Great East Japan
Earthquake
What Happened, Fukushima Nuclear
Power Plant No.1
Conclusion and Recommendations
10 Years of ITU e-Health Expert
Training Courses at Tokai University
Tokai University, Japan. Document RGQ14-3/2/INF/22-E
Tokai University Shonan Campus
Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan
Tokai University Hospital
Isehara Kanagawa Japan
http://www.tsj.gr.jp/tsj/tumri/nakajima/index.htm
Novel Mobile Telemedicine System for
Real-time Transmission of 12-lead ECG
Data and Live Video from Moving Ambulance to Hospital
by Dr. Nagata, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co.,Ltd., Japan.
Document RGQ14-3/2/INF/16-E
Mobile Telemedicine Package
IEEE802.11b and
802.11g are usable
Telemetry for Wild Birds and Future
Technical Expectations to Prevent
Avian Influenza
by Isao Nakajima, Tokai Univ. Japan. Document RGQ14-3/2/INF/17-E
Required C/No for navigation
ARGOS system
Field Experiments
with 2.4GHz Packet Wireless Communications
Pheasant from Japan
Relations of an electromagnetic induction
Generated by the coil and 3 axis acceleration
the ITU-MIC Regional Meeting on
ICT for e-Health
Tokyo Japan,10-11 March 2011
Rapporteur and Vice Rapporteurs for Q14
the East-Japan Earthquake”
stroke on March 11, 2011
What does NBC mean?
Nuclear disaster
NBC stands for nuclear, biological, chemical.
It is a term used in the armed forces and in
health and safety, mostly in the context of
weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
Nuclear explosion out of the atmosphere
EMP occurs with the physical destructive power by strong bomb blast,
heat rays and the evil caused by the radiation, and the thing which
a scale has a big gives you a physical obstacle more than 1,600km
to the away distant place.
100~200ｋm
Nuclear explosion
Gamma beam
20～40ｋm
3000km
EMP
3000 ㎞
The electronic equipment (communication, medical care)
suffers crushing damage in a wide area
EMP Bomb
The EMP bomb destroys an weak input and/or output element of the electronic
equipment with the high electric charge of the high frequency using electromotive
force to occur with the coil which accelerated with gunpowder.
U.S.A. used it in the Iraqi War for the first time in the world in March, 2003.
Study on Communication Equipments after
Nuclear Disaster and
EMPB(Elecrtomagnetic Pulses Bump)
VHF/UHF
upto
6GHz
NVIS
Near Vertical Incidence Skywave
HF Packet radio
Agus Subekti, Koredianto Usman, Futoshi Ohyama, Hiroshi
Juzoji, Isao Nakajima. A Study of NVIS for Communication in
Emergency and Disaster Medicine, APAMI 2003
Data of Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake in 1995
Great East Japan Earthquake
Cycle of Disaster
Warning
Impact
Acute
Post-impact
Recovery
Mitigation
Planning
警告（潜伏期・警戒期）
被爆
急性期
被爆後期
回復
軽減
復興計画
Final Decision Call & First Aid
Who decide the order evacuation and send
the last call to staffs of rescue team and inhabitants.
What kind of communications line expected after a
major disaster?
EMS’４Ts
Triage（選択）、
Transportation（輸送）、
Telecommunication(通信)、
early Treatment（初期治療）を施すか
Great East Japan Earthquake
service area restoration status
NTT DoCoMo’s website
http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/binary/pdf/corporate/technology/rd/technical_jou
rnal/bn/vol13_4/vol13_4_096en.pd
Relationship between Cut-off Electric
Power and Disfunction stations of NTT
DoCoMo
Loss of functionality at the Off-site Center
The Off-site Center of the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS was
located about 5km from the Fukushima Dai-ichi site but it
could not function as intended.
The Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency
Preparedness (“Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Act”) and
the Nuclear Emergency Response Manual of the
Government stipulate that once a nuclear accident occurs,
a local nuclear emergency response headquarters (“local
NERHQ”) shall be established close to the accident site, as
the center of the emergency response coordination. A local
NERHQ is to be located at a local standing facility for
emergency responses and measures (“Off-site Center”).
Before construction, it was the hill of the altitude of 35m.
As the ability of the seawater suction pump of GE was low, so sharpened it to an
altitude of 10m expressly and built a
power station.
The height of the breakwater was 5.7m.
Tokyo Electric employee reports to an academic society
before the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
the Probability of Expectance during 50 Years
Tsunami over the water wall of 5.7m
by 4% !!!
Non-common use DC 115V
power supply battery
Trouble of the circuit of the SPEEDI
SPEEDI :Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose
Information
The Network System for Prediction of
Environmental Emergency Dose Information
(SPEEDI) is expected to play an important role
in protecting local population from radiation
exposure and the planning of evacuation.
However, the system was not utilized when
evacuation was instructed.
The communication links were disrupted for 2
months and inoperative due to the
earthquakes, and the SPEEDI could not
receive the basic source term information of
released radioactivity.
It was therefore not possible for the SPEEDI to
estimate atmospheric dispersion of radioactive
materials on the basis of the basic source term
information.
Trend of the radiation exposure dose
from the web
http://japan.resiliencesystem.org/fukushima-nuclear-accident-radiation-comparison
How nuclear accidents damage
human health
DNA and RNA will be broken
Exposure to any radioactive material is bad:
assumes that exposure to anything higher
than normal background levels increases
health risks.
When damaged DNA and/or RNA aren’t
restored precisely, or have errors in the
DNA replication process, some cells
mutate to a cancer cell.
opened AO valve for decompression
with a nitrogen gas cylinder
Mark I : Core fusion and Hydrogen
explosion by the countercurrent to the
vent gas
Unit Mark I lost its all power supplies shortly after the arrival of the tsunami.
The isolation condensers (IC) seemed to have lost its functionality as its
isolation valves were fully or almost fully closed by the fail-safe circuits.
But at the initial stage of the accident, appropriate corrective actions were
not taken, nor were instructions given.
By the operators mistake, IC was switched off. As a result, within early stage
of 24 hours, MarkI caused core fusion.
Because a blowout panel dropped naturally,
the II unit didn’t explode
The hydrogen vent gas flowed backward from
an opened valve into the I unit building and
exploded several hours later.
Confirmation of a blowout panel
DISASTER PREVENTION, DISASTER
CAUTION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
IN JAPAN
1. Cities, towns and villages disaster prevention
administration radio
2. LASCOM :Local Authorities Satellite
Communications Organization
3. Nuclear Power Plant Satellite Networks
Inmarsat after March, 2010, such as JAEA, Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, a
nuclear power plant, a nuclear power plant
4. J-ALERT National second warning system
transmits emergency information to the people in
case of critical situation
Tokyo, Japan, 4-5 February 2013
33
Tokyo, Japan, 4-5 February 2013
34
Conclusions and Recommendations
Due to the physical damage caused by an
earthquake and the tsunami, electricity stopped.
The gateway stations for Mobile phone were unable
to function.
Even the mayor of the district concerned knew the
evacuation advisory to hear via only police radio for
the first time.
Many residents of Fukushima were intellect and
ignorant of the order of " the Final Decision
:evading“ Therefore the exposure doses of many
inhabitants increased.
It is a problem how you find a emergency channel
to transmit “the Final Decision Call” for all residents
after a nuclear accident.