Biology 612 Freshwater Ecology Exam 1 2010
Name_______________________________________
1) Match the terms with the letters (1 point each, 30 total, each choice only used once)
Profundal
amensal
exploitation
endosymbiosis
A. +/- interaction
B. Energy from chemicals
C. Feeding on organic materials
D. Living in a mixture of algae and other organisms,
often attached to bottom (aufwuchs)
E. on the bottom
F. Unsaturated zone
G. first order
H. flowing
I. influenced by stream and groundwater
J. father of modern limnology
K. Common in karst
L. only important in largest lakes
M. living inside
N. shallow or near shore
O. one of three superkingdoms
P. longest distance wind can work on a lake
Q. living on a plant
R. area of rapidly moving water without ripples from
bottom on surface
S. fastest part of stream
T. Formed by volcano
U. carbon from carbondioxide
V. tectonic lakes
W. deep in lake
X. 0/0 interaction
Y. 0/- interaction
Z. living on a rock
Aa. +/+ interaction
Bb. Still water
Cc. Walter Dodds
Dd. James Whitney
epiphytic
benthic
thalweg
G. E. Hutchinson
littoral
epilithic
Small stream
Caldera lake
Sinkhole
hyphoriec
mutualistic
autotrophic
chemoautotrophic
heterotrophic
periphytic
Vadose zone
lotic
lentic
Teaching assistant
Professor
neutralism
Coriolis effect
Archaea
fetch
run
Oldest lakes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What type of naturally formed lake is most like a man-made reservoir and list 4 physical characteristics
that set these two types of lakes apart from tectonic lakes (5)
Draw a graph of the density of water as a function of temperature with labels, units, numbers on both the
x and y axis (7)
Draw or describe the formation of meanders and label the important stream habitats that are formed (10)
List 5 values of ecosystem goods and services that freshwater habitats can provide for people, and briefly
discuss why economic values might not be the only reason to preserve natural freshwaters (10).
What is an internal seiche, and why might it be important to lake productivity? (5)
Describe the differences in environment for a bacterium (1 µm diameter) and a lake trout (1.5 m long)
with respect to Reynolds number, viscosity, inertia, streamlining, and surface area to volume (10)
Describe using graphs, words, or both the process of lake stratification in a dimictic lake. (13)
1
8.
What is the relationship between the diffusion boundary layer and the flow boundary layer, where do we
expect these to occur and how are they related to molecular and transport diffusion (10).
Biology 612 Freshwater Ecology Exam 2 Fall 2010
1.
Name___________________
st
Please match the following, write the letter after the text in the 1 column (26 points, 1 each)
Rhodophyceae
Bacillariophyceae
Dinophyceae
Cyanobacteria
Chlorophyceae
Porfira
Mollusca
Cnidaria
Plecoptera
Trichoptera
Ephemeroptera
Arachnida
Hemiptera
Coleoptera
Cladocera
Isopoda
Amphipoda
Alpha diversity
Beta diversity
Evenness
Endemic
Amphibian extinction
Nile Perch
Extinction vortex
Unionid mussels
Diptera
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
V.
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Green algae
sponges
hydra
caddisflies
water mites
Silicon frustules (cell walls)
True bugs
beetles
Blue-green algae
Dorsal-ventral flattened crustacean
Laterally-flattened crutacean
Red algae
Degree of equal numbers of different species
Dinoflagellates
Between habitat diversity
Fungal disease (chytridiomycosis)
Snails and clams
Extinction of fishes in Lake Victoria
Stoneflies
Persistence problem with too small population
Fish lures and old fashioned buttons
Flies and midges
Species only found in limited area
Within habitat diversity
Daphnia
mayflies
Please draw and label the carbon cycle as in class (15)
Please draw and label the nitrogen cycle as in class (15)
Write the equations for photosynthesis and respiration (4)
Why are zones between oxic and anoxic habitats “hot spots” of biogeochemical processes (rapid rates of
many types of nutrient cycling? (5)
6. Please draw the relationship between light and photosynthesis with labels of both axes and the
respiration rate, compensation point, alpha, maximum photosynthesis (Pmax), and photoinhibition labeled
specifically (7).
7. Why do Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika both have many endemic species (3)?
8. How is adaptation to high temperature reflected in the molecular structure of proteins, DNA, RNA and
lipids (8)?
9. How was the CO2 problem solved in Lake Nyos (4)?
10. Why is it not likely to have high concentrations of both iron and phosphate together, nor high
concentrations of iron alone in oxygenated water (5)?
2
11. List 3 adaptations to temporary habitats (3)
12. What is extreme about the following habitats (5)
Neuston
Deep groundwater
High altitude lakes
Ultra oligotrophic lakes
Saline lakes
Biology 612 Freshwater Ecology Exam 3
1.
2.
3.
Name _______________________________
What are some potential endocrine disruption compounds (e.g. ecoestrogens), why are they active at low
concentrations, and what effects could they have on wildlife and even potentially people ? (5)
When describing the effect of nutrients on organisms, what is the difference between Michaelis-Menten
uptake, Droop equation, and the Monod equations (6)?
Fill in the following table with the limitation if the phytoplankton have the following Redfield ratios (C
carbon, N nitrogen, P phosphorus, no limitation, or any combination of these) 8
C:N:P
1006:16:1
106:4:1
106:33:1
25:16:1
4.
5.
limitation
What is the key threshold in lakes take can keep them in eutrophic state, and what are three ways to
avoid crossing that threshold? (5)
Order the following steps in managing eutrophication (number from 1-8, 8 points)
3
Step
order in process
Characterize system, morphometry, nutrient inputs
Identify feasible nutrient control strategies
identify problem lake
Predict relationship between in lake total P and algal biomass
Predict effect of nutrient management on nutrient loading and
expected in lake total P
Post control monitoring to assess results of actions
Assess if costs of nutrient control is justified on basis of improvements
Project effect on lake clarity
6. Contrast the energy flow in planktonic lake systems as described by the traditional food web model and
that described by the microbial loop (5)
7. Describe the relationship between food concentration and Daphnia filtering rate and ingestion rate of
food (graphs or words are ok) 6
8. How are stable isotopes used to assess position in food web (e.g. 15N and 13C) (8)
9. Describe the trophic cascade and how it may control algal biomass (5)
10. Match the letter with the number (20)
Statement
Rita Colwell
Rachel Carson
Lake Washington
Lake Trummen
Everglades
Magnetosomes
random walk
allelchemical
phototaxis
11.
12.
13.
14.
Match
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
midge in Nostoc
Spirit Lake
Greater area
shredders
resource ratio theory
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
grass carp
vertical migration, diurnal
sexual dimorphism
keystone species
viruses
remineralization
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
Sugar cane production increases P pollution
geotaxis
mutualism
primary succession
more species
eat leaves
zooplankton avoid predation
species with strong effect on others in community
chemical that influences growth or behavior of
another organism
Silent Spring
Research on cholera
Eutrophication stopped by diverting P
P control did not work, sediment dredged
different competive abilities for different
nutrients can lead to co-exisitence
interspecific competition for mates
major cause of microbial mortality
supplies inorganic nutrients to primary producers
can control macrophytes
movement toward light
strategy of chemotaxis
What happens in primary, secondary and tertiary stage of modern sewage treatment? (6)
Describe the seasonal succession in lakes (8)
What did James Whitney talk about in class ? (5)
What did Davi Cunha talk about in class? (5)
Biology 612 Freshwater Ecology Final
Name_____________________________
4
1.
Fill in the following table according to the expanded predictions of the river continuum concept with
respect stream order in a deciduous stream in the summer (28)
Attribute
Discharge
Flooding
P/R ratio
Relative abundance of
grazers
relative abundance of
shredders
types of predatory fish
light reaching stream
bottom
zooplankton abundance
temperature
fish diversity
substrata
mid order
(4-7)
medium
low order
(1-3)
small
high order
>7
large
regular/ predictable
mud sand silt
2.
3.
Draw the nitrogen cycle as presented in class (10)
Fill in the following table with ecosystem characteristics of the listed habitats (20)
4.
Attribute
Stream
Peat bog
Large Lake
water replacement short
time
Hydrologic variance high
Benthic primary
productivity
Allochthonous
high, leaves
carbon input
Terrestrial
influence
Seasonal variance
Fill in the following table with respect to a fish and a bacterium (10)
Attribute
Reynolds number
Inertia
Viscosity
Type of flow
Type of diffusion
5.
6.
7.
8.
Fish
Deep groundwater
none
Bacterium
List 5 values of ecosystem goods and services of freshwater ecosystems (5)
What do you think are the biggest threats (list 3) to freshwater ecosystems (6)?
Why is a “two story” fishery with salmonids in the upper Midwest US not possible in a very eutrophic
lake? (4)
Explain the process of stratification including wind and heating of a dimictic lake in a temperate climate.
You can do this in words or using a series of graphs. (5)
5
9.
Match the terms (12)
Term 1
Mayfly
Cyanobacteria
Caddis fly
Daphnia
matching
A. Blue Green Algae
B. Cladocera
C. both eveness and richness
D. a measure of the relative number of free
electrons
E. Ephemeroptera
F. concentration of compound up the food
web
G. live in hotsprings
H. makes reversing eutrophication difficult
I. carried in ballast water from Europe
J. uptake as a function of concentration
K. recolonization of disturbed habitat
L. Trichoptera
Shannon diversity
Zebra mussel
Redox potential
Biomagnification
thermophilic
internal loading of phosphorus
Michaelis-Menten
Primary succession
6