!(*!$% *#!# *
!#$%%! (% &%*
#"$ &% %(!# "%$
Designing as a set the three VLSI components that provide the core
functions of CPU, I/O, and graphics for the HP 9000 Model 712 workstation balanced performance and cost and simplified the interfaces
between components, allowing designers to create a system with high
performance at a low cost.
) !# #$!
-;1/616/ ) ?7:3;<)<176 -6<)14; ,-.1616/ >):17=; .=6+<176)4
*47+3; <7 ?7:3 <7/-<0-: <7 8:7>1,- ) ;-< 7. .-)<=:-; )< ) ,-C
;1:-, 4->-4 7. 8-:.7:5)6+- )< <0- 47?-;< 87;;1*4- +7;< !.<-6
5)6A 8):<; 7. <0- ,-;1/6 ):- 4->-:)/-, .:75 8:->17=; ,-C
;1/6; )6, 764A 6-? .=6+<176)41<A 1; ,-;1/6-, .:75 ;+:)<+0
%01; )88:7)+0 5)A ;)>- ,->-4785-6< +7;<; *=< +7=4, :-;=4<
16 ) 8:7,=+< <0)< 1; 57:- +7;<4A <7 *=14,
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(0-6 76- +75876-6< 7. <0- ;A;<-5 ,-;1/6 0); 8-:.7:5)6+<0)< +)6< *- <)3-6 ),>)6<)/- 7. ?0-<0-: *-+)=;- 7. ):+01C
<-+<=:- 4151<)<176; 7: 7<0-: +75876-6<; 8-:.7:5)6+- 4151<)C
<176; <0-6 <0- ;A;<-5 ,-;1/6 ;=..-:; *A 0)>16/ <7 +)::A <0+7;< 7. <0)< =6=;-, 8-:.7:5)6+- A ,-;1/616/ ?1<0 <0- <7<)4
;A;<-5 16 516, ;7 <0)< )44 +75876-6<; 7. <0- ,-;1/6 ):78<151B-, <7 ?7:3 <7/-<0-: ?1<0 67 ?);<-, 8-:.7:5)6+-
+7;< +)6 *- 516151B-, %0- ,-;1/6-:; 7. <0- " $-:1-;
7,-4; )6, <773 <01; )88:7)+0 <7 7..-: )
01/0C8-:.7:5)6+- +75*16)<176 7. /:)801+; 5=4<15-,1) )6,
6-<?7:316/ +)8)*141<1-; )< 6-? 47? 8:1+-; %0- 7*2-+<1>-; 7.
<0- 6-? ,-;1/6 16+4=,-,
":7>1,16/ <0- 01/0 8-:.7:5)6+- 7. ) "C#$ ?7:3;<)<176 )<
<0- 47?-;< 87;;1*4- +7;<
58:7>16/ <0- 8-:.7:5)6+- )6, +)8)*141<1-; 7. 5=4<15-,1)
.=6+<176; <0:7=/0 ;1584- -@<-6;176; <7 <0- 16;<:=+<176 ;-<
6)*416/ )6 -@<-6;1>- ;-< 7. +755=61+)<176 .-)<=:-;
<0:7=/0 47?C+7;< 78<176 +):,;
-;1/616/ .7: 01/0C>74=5- 5)6=.)+<=:16/
6;<:=5-6<)4 16 5--<16/ <0-;- 7*2-+<1>-; ?); <0- ,-+1;176 <7
,-;1/6 <0:-- 6-? +=;<75 '$ +018; <7/-<0-: ); ) ;-< <7
)+01->- 6-? 4->-4; 7. 8:1+-8-:.7:5)6+- .7: <0- +7:- .=6+C
<176; 7. "& ! )6, /:)801+;
'#'(
%0:-- 6-? '$ +018; 8:7>1,- 57;< 7. <0- .=6+<176)41<A 7. <07,-4 ?7:3;<)<176 %0- " "& +018 16<-:.)+-;
,1:-+<4A <7 <0- +)+0- )6, 5)16 5-57:A %0- $ $$ +018 ,7-; 57;< 7. <0- +7:- ! 6--,-, .7: -6<:AC4->-4
8:14 -?4-<<C")+3):, 7=:6)4
?7:3;<)<176; %0- /:)801+; ;=*;A;<-5 +76;1;<; 7. <0- /:)80C
1+; +018 )6, <0- .:)5- *=..-: '#; 44 <0:-- +018; +75C
5=61+)<- <0:7=/0 <0- $ /-6-:)4 ;A;<-5 +766-+< *=;
1/ ;07?; ) *47+3 ,1)/:)5 7. <0- 7,-4 ;A;<-5
%0- 7,-4; )6, ):- >-:A ;1514): )6, ,1..-:
764A 16 <0-1: +)+0- ;1B-; )6, +)+0- ;8--,; )6, 16 <0- 5)16
;A;<-5 +47+3 ;8--,;
•
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%0- +758=<- 87?-: 7. <0- 7,-4 ;A;<-5 1; 8:7>1,-, *A
<0- "C#$ " 8:7+-;;7:
?01+0 1; 8)+3)/-, 16 )
C816 +-:)51+ " %0- "& ,-;1/6 ?); 78<151B-, .7: <07,-4 )6, 16+4=,-; <0- .7447?16/ .-)<=:-;
$=8-:;+)4): "&
C*A<- 16;<:=+<176 *=..-:
=4<15-,1) ;=887:<
)+0- +76<:74 .7: =8 <7 *A<-; 7. -@<-:6)4 +)+0 -::7: +7::-+<176 +7,16/ 5-57:A +76<:744-:
%0- +47+3 .:-9=-6+1-; 7. <0- 7,-4 )6, <0- 7,-4
):- B )6, B :-;8-+<1>-4A %0- " 1; ,-;+:1*-, 16 57:- ,-<)14 16 <0- ):<1+4- 76 8)/- %0- " "& =;-; )6 -@<-:6)4 +)+0- 6 -@<-:6)4
+)+0- )447?; ;A;<-5 ,-;1/6-:; <7 +0)6/- <0- ;1B- 7. <0+)+0- -);14A <7 5--< <0-1: 8-:.7:5)6+- )6, +7;< /7)4; =:C
<0-:57:- 7..C+018 +)+0- 8:7>1,-; )44 <0- 8-:.7:5)6+- 6-+-;C
;):A ?1<07=< 4151<16/ <0- "& .:-9=-6+A
%0- -@<-:6)4 +)+0- 1; *A<-; 76 <0- 7,-4 )6,
*A<-; 76 <0- 7,-4 )6, 1; 47/1+)44A ;841< 16<7
-9=)4 0)4>-; .7: <0- 16;<:=+<176 )6, ,)<) +)+0-; 75*1616/
<0- +)+0-; ;)>-, 816; 76 <0- "& %7 .=:<0-: :-,=+- +7;<;
16,=;<:AC;<)6,):, $#; ;<)<1+ #; ):- =;-, %)*4- ;07?; <0- $#; =;-, 16 <0- 7,-4 ;A;<-5;
 Hewlett-Packard Company 1995
Tag
PA 7100LC CPU
Address and Control
Cache Tag
Address and Control
Instruction
and Data
Cache
Data
Main
Memory
TTL Buffers
DRAM Data
DRAM Address and Control
GSC (General System Connect) Bus
GSC
Expansion
Slot
SCSI
Parallel
RS-232
PS2 Keyboard
PS2 Mouse
LAN
LASI
Real-Time
Clock
Graphics
Chip
RGB
VRAM Array
Audio
Flexible
Disk
Interface
8-Bit
Bus
Telephone
Connection
Telephone Line 0
1280 by 1024
Option VRAM
Array
Flash
EPROM
Telephone Line 1
36+2 1)/9)4 6. ;0" 6,-3 0)9,>)9-
;0- +):- >0-5 3)9/- *36+2: 6. 4-469@ )9- )++-::-, )5, 1:
=-9@ +64465 15 >15,6>-, /9)701+: :@:;-4:
Table I
Static RAMS Used in the Model 712 Systems
Model
Function
Size
Speed
Quantity
%)/
);)
);)
*@;-:
*@;-:
× *1;:
5:
5:
5:
%)/
);)
);)
*@;-:
*@;-:
× *1;:
5:
5:
5:
%0- /-5-9)3 :@:;-4 +655-+; 69 $ 1: ;0- 36+)3 *<: ;0);
+655-+;: ;0- ;09-- '$ ,-=1+-: )5, ;0- 67;165)3 ! +)9,
%0- $ *<: 1: ,-:1/5-, ;6 796=1,- 4)?14<4 *)5,>1,;0
.69 4-469@B;6B/9)701+: ;9)5:.-9: %0- *<: 0): B*1; 4<3;1B
73-?-, ),,9-:: )5, ,);) 315-: ;6 415141A- ;0- 5<4*-9 6.
:1/5)3: !;0-9 .-);<9-: 6. ;0- *<: 15+3<,-
!7-9);165 ); 0)3. ;0- "& .9-8<-5+@ 69 A
$<7769; .69 B B B B B 69 B*@;- ;9)5:)+;165:
-5;9)3 )9*1;9);165
")91;@ /-5-9);165 )5, +0-+215/
•
•
•
%0- 4)15 4-469@ .69 ;0- 6,-3 :@:;-4: 0): *--5 -5/1B •
5--9-, ;6 796=1,- 01/0 7-9.694)5+- >1;0 15,<:;9@B:;)5,)9,
694)33@ *<: ;9)5:)+;165: )9- ;-9415);-, *@ ) ;<95)96<5,
B5: $: :15/3- 15315- 4-469@ 46,<3-: <99-5;3@ :<7B
:;);- ;0); )336>: ,91=-9: ;6 *- ;<95-, 6.. *-.69- ;0- ,91=-9:
769;-, $: )9- )=)13)*3- 15 B B B )5, B*@;.69 ;0- 5-?; ;9)5:)+;165 )9- ;<95-, 65 %6 14796=- /9)701+:
:1A-: 6<9 :36;: )9- )=)13)*3- )5, 4<:; *- .133-, 15 7)19: .69
7-9.694)5+- ;0- *<: :<7769;: *)+2B;6B*)+2 >91;-: ;6 ;0) 4)?14<4 6. *@;-:
:)4- ,-=1+- >1;06<; ;0- ;<95)96<5, :;);- %01: 14796=-:
%0- 6,-3 : 4)15 4-469@ ,-:1/5 415141A-: ;0- )=-9)/- ;096</07<; 65 ;9)5:.-9: 6. 3)9/- *36+2: 6. ,);) .964 4)15
4-469@ ;6 /9)701+:
+)+0- 41:: 7-5)3;@ %0- 4)15 4-469@ +65;9633-9 9-;<95:
,6<*3- >69,: -1/0; *@;-: :15+- ) >69, 1: .6<9 *@;-: *)+2
<915/ ;9)5:.-9: .964 4-469@ ;6 ! 1; 1: :64-;14-: 5-+-:B
;6 ;0- "& )+0 +)+0- 315- 1: 4),- <7 6. .6<9 ,6<*3:)9@ ;6 36+2 ;0- "& 6<; 6. 4-469@ -/ >0-5 :-4)7069-:
>69,: (0-5 ;0-9- 1: ) +)+0- 41:: ;0- 65- ,6<*3- >69, 6.
)9- <:-, %6 .)+131;);- ;01: ;0- $ *<: 796=1,-: ) 36+215/
;0- .6<9 15 ;0- +)+0- 315- ;0); >): 41::-, 1: 9-.-99-, ;6 ):
4-+0)51:4 >01+0 79-=-5;: ;0- "& .964 )++-::15/ 4-469@
;0- +91;1+)3 >69, %6 415141A- ;0- 41:: 7-5)3;@ ;0- ,6<*3;6 :-9=1+- ) +)+0- 41:: .69 -?)473-
>69, +65;)1515/ ;0- +91;1+)3 >69, 1: :-5; *)+2 ;6 ;0- "&
.19:; .6336>-, *@ ;0- 9-4)1515/ ;09-- ,6<*3- >69,:
)5,>1,;0 1: 4)?141A-, *@ <:15/ .):; 7)/- 46,- >0-5
%0- /9)701+: :<*:@:;-4 +65:1:;: 6. ) /9)701+: +017 )5, .6<9
+65:-+<;1=- )++-::-: 9-:1,- 65 ;0- :)4- 7)/- %01: 1: 6.;-5
65B*6)9, '#: =1,-6 #: >01+0 796=1,- ) B*@BB
 Hewlett-Packard Company 1995
7913 ->3-;;B")+2)9, 6<95)3
:3B/6 0<+7/ ,?00/< A3>2 + ./:>2 90 /312> :6+8/= +> + </0</=2
<+>/ 90 D 8 9:>398+6 2312E</=96?>398 ($ ,9+<. 38E
-</+=/= </=96?>398 >9 ,C :3B/6=
&2/ 1<+:23-= -23: A+= ./=318/. A3>2 >2/ 9>2/< =C=>/7 -97E
:98/8>= >9 :<9@3./ 2312 :/<09<7+8-/ +> + 73837+6 -9=> 9<
79</ 3809<7+>398 98 >2/ 1<+:23-= -23: =// </0/</8-/ +8.
>2/ +<>3-6/ 98 :+1/ &2/ 9./6 0/+>?</= + 8?7,/< 90 ,?36>E38 ! ./@3-/= >2+>
+</ 38>/8./. >9 +..</== >2/ 8//.= 90 >2/ 7+49<3>C 90 ?=/<=
+8. 9?>,9?8. .+>+ A3>2 E,C>/ != +> ,+?. <+>/= 0<97
>9 5,3>==
Parallel. &2/ % -23: +6=9 :<9@3./= + :+<+66/6 :9<> -9809<7381
>9 >2/ /8><983-= 38.?=><C =>+8.+<.
Flexible Disk Support. )/=>/<8 313>+6 ) 06/B3,6/
.3=5 -98><966/< 38>/<0+-/= % >9 +8 9:>398+6 38>/<8+6 :/<=98E
+6E-97:?>/<E=>C6/ 06/B3,6/ .3=5 .<3@/
Flash EPROM. 8 E,3> ,?= 98 >2/ % -23: 3= ./7?6>3:6/B/.
,C >A9 & 6+>-2/= >9 :<9@3./ >2/ +..</== +8. .+>+
638/= 8/-/==+<C >9 +..</== >2/ >A9 E,C>/ 06+=2 "$!=
>2+> -98>+38 >2/ ,99> 03<7A+</ &2/ 06+=2 "$!= +</ +6=9
?=/. >9 =>9</ -98031?<+>398 :+<+7/>/<= /63738+>381 >2/ 8//.
09< +8 "$! +8. 3>= +==9-3+>/. -9=>
%?::9<> 09< >2/=/ 0?8->398= 3= :<9@3./. 6+<1/6C ,C >2/ %
! (% -23: % 3= + 23126C 38>/1<+>/. -23: >2+> :<9@3./=
+ =318303-+8> </.?->398 38 =C=>/7 -9=> +8. 38-</+=/. </63+,36E
3>C &2/ -23: 3= :+-5+1/. 38 + E:38 #' :+-5+1/ &2/ I/O System Support. % :<9@3./= + 8?7,/< 90 73=-/66+8/9?=
% -23: 3= ./=-<3,/. 38 79</ ./>+36 38 >2/ +<>3-6/ 98 :+1/
! =C=>/7 =?::9<> 0?8->398= 38-6?.381
+8. 38 </0/</8-/ • 69-5 1/8/<+>398 % ./<3@/= +66 >2/ 8/-/==+<C -69-5= </E
;?3</. ,C >2/ ! -3<-?3><C 0<97 >2/ 7+38 =C=>/7 -69-5 >
&2/ 09669A381 =/->398= ,<3/06C ./=-<3,/ >2/ % -23:=
.9/= =9 ,C ?=381 =37:6/ .3@3./E,CE8 -9?8>/<= +8. >A9 .313E
,?36>E38 -+:+,363>3/=
>+6 :2+=/E69-5/. 699:=
IEEE 802.3 LAN. % -98>+38= +8 8>/6 7/1+-/66 A23-2 • %C=>/7 +<,3><+>398 =?::9<> % +<,3><+>/= % ,?= </;?/=>=
A+= :9<>/. >9 A9<5 A3>2 "= :<9-/== &2/ ><+8=E
0<97 >2/ ! ./@3-/= A3>238 % += A/66 += 0<97 >2/ "'
-/3@/< A23-2 A+= 89> :<+->3-+6 >9 38-6?./ 98 % 3= 69+./.
+8. 9:>398+6 /B:+8=398 -+<.
98 >2/ :<38>/. -3<-?3> ,9+<. &2/ ><+8=-/3@/< 38>/<0+-/= >9
• 8>/<<?:> =?::9<> % +6=9 :<9@3./= +8. 7+8+1/= /B>/<8+6
,9>2 >2/ ' +>>+-27/8> ?83> 38>/<0+-/ +8. >2/<>A3=>
38>/<<?:> -+:+,363>C 09< >2/ @+<39?= ! ./@3-/=
7/.3+
SCSI. &2/ 9./6 ?=/= +8 E,3> =3816/E/8./. %% 38>/<E
9< >29=/ ?=/<= A29 8//. 0?8->398+63>C ,/C98. >2+> :<9@3./.
0+-/ 09< >2/ 9:>398+6 38>/<8+6 2+<. .<3@/ +8. /B>/<8+6 :/<3:2E
,C >2/ ,?36>E38 ! >2/ 9./6 38-6?./= >A9 :/<=98+63>C
/<+6= &2/ %%E
38>/<0+-/ 3= 37:6/7/8>/. /8>3</6C A3>238
=69>= >2+> -+8 ,/ -98031?</. A3>2 + @+<3/>C 90 9>2/< ! 0?8-E
% >2<9?12 + 7/1+-/66 >2+> A+= ./=318/. ,C " +8. $
>398= &2/ 03<=> 90 >2/=/ =69>= 3= </0/<</. >9 += >2/ /B:+8=398
8/>63=> 09< >2/ $ A+= 37:9<>/. 38>9 "= ./=318
=69> +8. 38-6?./= + -988/->398 >9 >2/ % ,?= &2/ =/-98.
/8@3<987/8> &2/ ./=318 A+= >2/8 >?8/. >9 A9<5 38 "= =69> :<9@3./= + -988/->398 >9 >2/ =/<3+6 +?.39 =></+7 +8.
:<9-/==
3= 38>/8./. 09< >/6/:298/ 0?8->398= &23= =69> 3= -+66/. >2/
C 5//:381 >2/ %% ,?= =>?, 6/81>2 >9 + 73837?7 98 >2/
>/6/:298C =69>
:<38>/. -3<-?3> ,9+<. +8. 98 >2/ -988/->398 >9 >2/ 9:>398+6
Expansion Cards. B:+8=398 -+<.= +</ 9:>398+6 -+<.= >2+> -98E
38>/<8+6 .<3@/ %% >/<738+>398 98 >2/ 38>/<8+6 =3./ 3= 1</+>6C
8/-> .3</->6C >9 >2/ % ,?= >9 :<9@3./ + @+<3/>C 90 9>2/< !
=37:6303/. %29<> =>?, 6/81>2= +669A >2/ ,?= >9 ,/ >/<738+>/.
0?8->398=
98 >2/ :<38>/. -3<-?3> ,9+<. A2/>2/< >2/ 9:>398+6 38>/<8+6
.<3@/ 3= :</=/8> 9< 89> &23= =+@/= -9=> ,C 9,@3+>381 >2/ 8//.
%38-/ % 2+= + -98031?<+,6/ +..</== =:+-/ +8. -+8 ,/ -98E
09< =:/-3+6 >/<738+>9<= A23-2 A9?6. 9>2/<A3=/ 2+@/ >9 ,/
031?</. += +8 +<,3><+>398 =6+@/ 7+8C 90 >2/ /B:+8=398 -+<.=
/8+,6/. 9< .3=+,6/. 7+8?+66C 9< /6/-><3-+66C ./:/8.381 98
</6C 98 + =/-98. % -23: >9 37:6/7/8> 7?-2 90 >2/3< 0?8-E
>2/ :</=/8-/ 9< +,=/8-/ 90 >2/ 9:>398+6 38>/<8+6 .<3@/
>398+63>C
Audio. E,3> E;?+63>C +?.39 :6+C,+-5 +8. </-9<. -+:+,363>C
&2/ 09669A381 9:>398+6 /B:+8=398 -+<.= +</ :<9@3./. 09< >2/
3= :<9@3./. ,C >2/ +?.39 -3<-?3><C A23-2 -98=3=>= 90 + <C=>+6
9./6 %/73-98.?->9< %
! +8. =?::9<>381 -3<-?3><C &2/
• %/-98. =/<3+6 :9<> &2/ =/-98. =/<3+6 :9<> -+<. ?=/= 3>= 9A8
% -23: +6=9 38-6?./= >2/ =/<3+6 38>/<0+-/ >9 >2/ %
% -23: +8. =?::9<> -3<-?3><C 3./8>3-+6 >9 >2+> 98 >2/ =C=E
/+.:298/ 73-<9:298/ +8. 638/E38 -988/->9<= +</ 69-+>/.
>/7 ,9+<. >9 :<9@3./ +8 +..3>398+6 $%E
:9<>
98 >2/ </+< :+8/6 %>+8.+<. =+7:6381 <+>/= 38-6?./ •
%/-98. ' +8. =/-98. =/<3+6 38>/<0+-/ &23= -+<. +6=9
+8. 5D
?=/= + % -23: +8. -3<-?3><C =3736+< >9 >2+> 98 >2/ =C=>/7
Real-Time Clock. </+6E>37/ -69-5 3= ./=318/. 38>9 >2/ %
,9+<. >9 +.. +8 +..3>398+6 A3>2 +8 +>>+-2E
-23: +>>/<C ,+-5?: 5//:= >37/ A236/ >2/ A9<5=>+>398 3=
7/8> ?83> 38>/<0+-/ ' +8. + =/-98. $%E
38>/<0+-/
:9A/</. .9A8
• *
+8. =/-98. =/<3+6 38>/<0+-/ 9>9<96+ 7?6>3:<9E
>9-96 :<9-/==9< 38>/<0+-/. >9 >2/ E,3> ,?= 90 + =6+@/ %
PS/2. &2/</ +</ >A9 "%
-988/->9<= 98 >2/ </+< :+8/6 >2+>
:<9@3./= *
8/>A9<5381 >9 + E:38 *
,3= :9<> 09<
+669A -988/->398 >9 + 69AE-9=> 38.?=><CE=>+8.+<. 5/C,9+<.
=://.= 90 5,3>== >9 5,3>== &2/ =/-98. $%E
=/E
+8. 79?=/ &2/ "%
38>/<0+-/ -3<-?3><C 3= 38>/1<+>/. 38>9 >2/
<3+6 38>/<0+-/ 3= 37:6/7/8>/. 38 >2/ =+7/ 0+=2398 += >2/
% -23:
9>2/< -+<.=
RS-232. 8 $%E
38>/<0+-/ 2+= +6=9 ,//8 ./=318/. 38>9 >2/ • %/-98. .3=:6+C =/-98. .3=:6+C -+8 ,/ +../. >9 >2/ =C=E
% -23: &2/ 9./6 ,?00/<= >2/ =318+6= A3>2 + *
>/7 A3>2 >2/ =/-98. .3=:6+C -+<. &23= -+<. .?:63-+>/= >2/
>9 :<9@3./ +8 $%E
=/<3+6 :9<> % ,?00/<= 38,9?8.
:<36 /A6/>>E"+-5+<. 9?<8+6
 Hewlett-Packard Company 1995
Model 712 System Board
Optional Telephony Board
LASI I/O
CODEC
Data
Access
Arrangement
Phone
Line 0
DSP and
SRAM
CODEC
Data
Access
Arrangement
Phone
Line 1
XBAR
Buffer
CODEC
DSP and
SRAM
Headphone
Microphone In
Line In
14)0 */'-7'2 4, 9.+
4*+1 ':*/4 '3* 9+1+5.43>
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 Hewlett-Packard Company 1995
57/1 +<1+99?!')0'7* 4:73'1
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Receiving VLSI
Buffer
Oscillator
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MC10E151
CLK
Q0
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Q0
D0
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261
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Dn
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and Termination
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 Hewlett-Packard Company 1995
PA 7100LC
Processor
SRAM
SRAM
SRAM
SRAM
Via
Printed Circuit Board
Via
Via
Termination
SRAM
SRAM
SRAM
SRAM
A conceptual representation of the cache layout in the Model 712.
the functionality of equivalent discrete designs. However,
since they are built into the printed circuit board their
benefits are essentially free.
Small spark gaps are placed near many of the connectors to
help control ESD. These spark gaps are simply very small
trace segments separated at minimum geometries to provide
a shunt path for ESD energy from signal to ground.
To control RFI, the printed circuit board makes use of a
number of buried capacitors. Buried capacitors are essenĆ
tially small capacitors whose plates are all or part of the
printed circuit board's signal or ground layers. The dielectric
material of the printed circuit board serves to separate the
plates of the capacitors. Each power plane is effectively byĆ
passed to ground by placing a ground plane in close proxĆ
imity to it. Furthermore, some signals are also bypassed to
ground with small buried capacitors to shunt unwanted RFI
energy to ground.
By taking the approach of designing from the ground up,
the Model 712 hardware designers have optimized each part
of the design to work together to provide outstanding perĆ
formance at very low cost. Designing the VLSI components
as a set balanced performance and cost and also simplified
the interfaces between the devices. By building in the feaĆ
tures wanted by most customers and making less common
features available only on lowĆcost option boards, the system
cost is minimized for most customers.
The Model 712 system performance is summarized in Table
II.
Table II
Model 712 Performance
Specification
712/60
712/80
58.1
84.3
SPECfp92
85.5
122.3
MFLOPS(DP)
12.8
30.6
AIM APR II
44.5
73.8
SPECint92
 Hewlett-Packard Company 1995
This paper would not have been possible without the help
of Rob Horning, Mike Diehl, Jeff Hargis, Paul Tucker, Steve
Scheid, and Howell Felsenthal.
The design of the Model 712 hardware was a team effort,
and many people are to be thanked for its success. Special
thanks to the firmware team including Jeff Kehoe and Doug
Feller, whose innovations helped keep the hardware simple.
Thanks to the R&D team in Fort Collins, Colorado including
Jim McLucas and James Murphy. Thanks to the R&D team in
Cupertino, California including Alan Wiemann, Wayne
Ashby, Sharon Ebner, Maria Lines, Danny Lu, Rob Snyder,
Steve La Mar, Robert Lin, Daniel Li, Rayka Mohebbi, Pat
McGuire, Jean Lundeen, Jeff Swanson, and Paul Rogers.
Thanks also to the teams who designed the VLSI chips that
were crucial to the success of the project including the PA
7100LC design team, the LASI design team, and the graphics
chip design team, led by Paul Martin. Thanks to Spence
Ure's manufacturing team for their insights. Thanks to the
marketing team of Barry Crume, Steve Johnson, and Evan
James for providing focus. Finally, thanks to the guidance of
Cliff Loeb and Joe Fucetola, and to the vision of Denny
Georg.
1. Patrick Knebel, et al, HP's PA7100LC: A LowĆCost Superscalar
PAĆRISC Processor," February 1993, pp.
441Ć447.
2. Steve Undy, et al, A LowĆCost Graphics and Multimedia WorkĆ
station Chip Set," April 1994, pp. 10Ć22.
3. C. Dowdell and L. Thayer, Scalable Graphics Enhancements for
PAĆRISC Workstations," February 1992,
pp. 122Ć128.
4. Tom Spencer, et al, A Workstation I/O System on a Chip,"
February 1994.
April 1995 HewlettĆPackard Journal