At HP’s Protocol Test Center, an automatic translator was developed to
transform abstract test suites into executable test suites for HP IDACOM
protocol analyzers.
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ATS: Abstract test suite, the test specification document.
ACT-Frame Relay (ACT-FR): Frame relay conformance testing standardization
committee that was set up by the Frame Relay Forum testing and interoperability
group.
CDL: Constraint Description Language, an ITL extension used to specify the
coding of the messages exchanged in an abstract/executable test suite.
CPE: Customer premise equipment; a piece of equipment with telecommunication
functionality.
ETS: Executable test suite, an implementation of the abstract test suite that runs
on a given test platform.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network.
ITL: Interactive Test Language, the built-in language of the HP PT500 protocol
analyzer.
ITU: International Telecommunications Union
PVC: Permanent virtual connection.
SVC: Switch virtual connection.
Test case: a test scenario of the abstract test suite. Each test has a narrow test
purpose, and test cases with related test purposes are gathered into the same test
group.
TTCN: Tree and Tabular Combined Notation, the test specification language standardized within ISO and ITU. TTCN is part of the OSI conformance methodology
and framework (ISO 9646).
UNI: User-to-network interface.
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TTCN
Editor
Abstract
Test Suite
Translator
Test Suite
Files (ITL)
Constant
and
Variables
File (ITL)
Declaration
File (C)
Constraint
File (C)
Test Steps
File (C)
Test Cases
Files (C)
Report
Protocol
Interface
Library
TTCN
Library
C Compiler
PT502
Protocol
Analyzer
(%$ $#$ #%$
!" %$ )
$ " '$$*" %"
AP #1: Frame Relay Emul
Playback RAM
1993–11–05 13:11:53
Source DLCI C/R FECN BECN DE Info Field
Test Case: PS0_01V STATUS ENQUIRY Request 1993–11–05 13:10:02
H1 RX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS_EN
H1 TX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS
H1 RX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS_EN
H1 TX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS
H1 RX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS_EN
H1 TX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS
H1 RX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS_EN
H1 TX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS
H1 RX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS_EN
H1 TX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS
H1 RX 0
0
0
0
0 STATUS_EN
Test Case: PS0_01V STATUS ENQUIRY Request Verdict: PASS(0)
>
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rch ResponseTime Print Filters Triggers TestScript TestKeys TestSuite
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| Load Suite | Tester Setup | PICS | PIXIT | Selection | Run Suite | Reports |
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/49:'4)+ 9+2+): '22 :+9: )'9+9 :.': 68+</5;92? ,'/2+*
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8+)58*9 <+8*/):9 ,58 +'). :+9: :.': /: 8;49 4 '**/:/54 :8')+9
)'4 (+ 8+)58*+* ,58 +'). :+9: 58 :.+? )'4 (+ 8+)58*+* ')A
)58*/4- :5 :.+ <+8*/): '99/-4+* :5 :.+ :+9: 58 /49:'4)+ :.+
:8')+9 5, '22 ,'/2+* :+9:9 )'4 (+ 8+)58*+*
&.+4 ' :+9: )'36'/-4 /9 ,/4/9.+* ' :+9: 8+658: )'4 (+
68/4:+* #.+ :+9:+8 8+658:9 /4,583':/54 '(5;: :.+ /362+3+4A
:':/54 )54,/-;8':/54 '9 =+22 '9 ' 9;33'8? 5, :.+ )'36'/-4
=./). /4)2;*+9 :.+ <+8*/):9 ,58 +'). :+9: : )'4 '295 8+658:
:.+ ,;22 :8')+9 5, :+9:9 =/:. -/<+4 <+8*/):9
#8')+9 )'4 (+ */962'?+* 68/4:+* 58 62'?+* (')1 ;9/4- */,A
,+8+4: ,583':9 #.+ ,583': 3+4; )'4 (+ ;9+* :5 96+)/,?
=.+:.+8 :.+ :8')+9 9.5;2* (+ */962'?+* /4 .+>'*+)/3'2 9.58:
58 )5362+:+ ,5839 6:/54'22? /, :.+ )5362+:+ ,583': /9 96+A
)/,/+* :.+ *+)5*/4- 5, +'). /4*/</*;'2 /4,583':/54 +2+3+4:
)'4 (+ *54+ #.+ :/3+ 9:'36 )'4 '295 (+ '**+* /4 :.+ :8')+
,583': 4 /- :.+ 9.58: ,583': ='9 ;9+* /- 9.5=9 :.+
:8')+ 5, ' STATUS 3+99'-+ =/:. )5362+:+ *+)5*/4- '4* ,;22
3+99'-+ *+:'/2
ACTĆFR T1.617 Annex D Test Suite
#.+ #A! # 44+> #" ='9 :.+ ,/89: #" 96+)/,/+*
(? :.+ #A8'3+ !+2'? )533/::++ #./9 :+9: 9;/:+ ='9
'/3+* ': :+9:/4- :.+ 6+83'4+4: </8:;'2 )544+):/54 %
3'4'-+3+4: 685)+*;8+9 ,58 :.+ ;9+8A:5A4+:=581 /4:+8,')+
$ : )5<+89 :.+ ,5225=/4- '8+'9
5:/,/)':/54 5, :.+ '**/:/54 5, ' %
+:+):/54 5, :.+ *+2+:/54 5, ' %
5:/,/)':/54 5, '<'/2'(/2/:? 58 ;4'<'/2'(/2/:? 5, ' )54,/-;8+*
%
/41 /4:+-8/:? <+8/,/)':/54
•
4)+ :.+ ,/2+9 '8+ -+4+8':+* :.+ ,/2+9 '8+ )536/2+* ;9/4- •
:.+ )8599A)536/2+8 685</*+* /4 :.+ ## +4</8543+4: '4* •
:.+ 8+9;2:/4- 5(0+): ,/2+9 '8+ 2/41+* :5-+:.+8 '254- =/:. :.+
## '4* 685:5)52 /4:+8,')+ 2/(8'8/+9 #.+ :+9: 9;/:+ ,/2+9 '4* •
:.+ 5(0+): ,/2+ '8+ :.+4 9+4: :5 :.+ # '4* :.+ +>+);:A
#'(2+ 9.5=9 :.+ :+9: 9;/:+ 9:8;):;8+ ,58 :.+ #A! #
'(2+ :+9: 9;/:+ #" /9 8+'*? :5 (+ 25'*+* /4:5 :.+ )54,58A
44+> #" #.+ :=5 3'/4 -85;69 6+8/5*/) 6522/4- '4*
3'4)+ :+9:/4- '662/)':/54
(/*/8+):/54'2 '8+ +'). ,;8:.+8 */</*+* /4:5 :.8++ 9;(-85;69
#.+ ## :8'492':58 .'9 (++4 ;9+* /4:+84'22? ,58 ' ?+'8
-+4+8'2 +8858 '4* 9?9:+3
45= '4* :.+ 8+9;2:9 .'<+ +>)++*+* +>6+):':/549 #.+ :/3+
4++*+* :5 /362+3+4: :+9: 9;/:+9 .'9 (++4 8+*;)+* (? 4+'82?
Table I
'4 58*+8 5, 3'-4/:;*+ 58 )259+ :5 :+4A:5A54+ ;8:.+8358+ /:
ACT-FR T1.617 Annex D Test Suite Structure
/9 45= 6599/(2+ :5 '**8+99 358+ )5362+> :+9: 9;/:+9 9;). '9
Test Group Name
Number of Test Cases
:+9: 9;/:+9 3+'4: :5 :+9: ' 4+:=581
in Test Group
PT502 Conformance Testing Environment
+8/5*/) 522/4-+4+8'2
#.+ 9)8++4 */962'? 5, :.+ #
8;44/4- :.+ #A!
+8/5*/) 522/4-8858
# 44+> #" /9 9.5=4 /4 /- #.+ )54,583'4)+
:+9:/4- +4</8543+4: /9 :.+ +4</8543+4: /4 =./). :.+ ;9+8
'295 )'22+* :.+ :+9: 56+8':58 9+:9 ;6 '4* 2';4).+9 ' :+9:
)'36'/-4 '4* -+4+8':+9 :+9: 8+658:9 "+<+8'2 9+8</)+9 '8+
'<'/2'(2+ :5 :.+ ;9+8 /4 :./9 +4</8543+4:
/89: :.+ :+9: 56+8':58 )'4 96+)/,? :.+ */,,+8+4: 9?9:+3 6'A
8'3+:+89 :.': ).'8'):+8/@+ :.+ /362+3+4:':/54 ;4*+8 :+9:
;9/4- :.+ PICS '4* PIXIT 9)8++4 3+4;9 #./9 =/22 .+26 :.+
685:5)52 :+9:+8 /*+4:/,? =./). :+9: )'9+9 '8+ 8+2+<'4: :5 '
96+)/,/) /362+3+4:':/54
4)+ :.+ )54,/-;8':/54 /9 *54+ :.+ :+9: 56+8':58 )'4 9+: ;6
' :+9: )'36'/-4 (? 9+2+):/4- :.+ :+9: )'9+9 :5 (+ +>+);:+*
#+9: )'9+9 )'4 (+ 9+2+):+* :.85;-. :.+ :+9: -85;6 '4* )'9+
9+2+):/54 3+4;9 ;9/4- */,,+8+4: )8/:+8/' 9+2+): ' =.52+ :+9:
86
):5(+8 +=2+::A ')1'8* 5;84'2
+8/5*/) 522/4-"?9:+3
/*/8+):/54'2+4+8'2
/*/8+):/54'28858
/*/8+):/54'2"?9:+3
#.+ 6+8/5*/) 6522/4- -85;6 )54:'/49 :.+ :+9: )'9+9 8+2':+* :5
:.+ :+9:/4- 5, :.+ ;9+8A9/*+ 2/41 /4:+-8/:? <+8/,/)':/54 685)+A
*;8+ =./2+ :.+ (/*/8+):/54'2 -85;6 )54:'/49 :+9: )'9+9 8+2':+*
:5 :.+ :+9:/4- 5, :.+ (/*/8+):/54'2 4+:=581 685)+*;8+9 #.+
2'::+8 685)+*;8+9 '8+ ;9;'22? /362+3+4:+* 54 4+:=581 +7;/6A
3+4: '4* :.;9 )'4 (+ ;9+* :5 :+9: ' 4+:=581A:5A;9+8 /4:+8A
,')+ (;: )'4 (+ 9;6658:+* 56:/54'22? (? ' ;9+89 +7;/63+4:
MM:SS:ssss Source DLCI C/R FECN BECN DE Info
18:40.2420 H1 TX 0
0
0
0
0 UI
PD = T1.617
1001––––
––––0–––
–––––101
1 00000001
2 00000001
3 00000000
1 00000011
2 00000010
3 00001000
4 00010111
1 00000111
2 00000011
3 0–––––––
–0––––––
––000001
3A 1–––––––
–0000–––
–––––000
4 1–––––––
–000––––
––––0–––
–––––0––
––––––1–
–––––––0
1 00000111
2 00000011
3 0–––––––
–0––––––
––000001
3A 1–––––––
–0001–––
–––––000
4 1–––––––
–000––––
––––0–––
–––––0––
––––––0–
–––––––0
1 00000111
2 00000011
3 0–––––––
–0––––––
––000001
3A 1–––––––
–0010–––
–––––000
4 1–––––––
–000––––
––––1–––
–––––0––
––––––1–
–––––––0
18:40.2422
1
Dummy Call Reference
INFORMATION ELEMENT
Shift type
Codeset ident.
INFORMATION ELEMENT
IE length
Report Type
INFORMATION ELEMENT
IE length
Send Seq Number
Rcvd Seq Number
INFORMATION ELEMENT
IE length
Extension bit
Spare
PVC DLCI
Extension bit
PVC DLCI
Spare
Extension bit
Spare
PVC Status
Spare
PVC Active
Spare
INFORMATION ELEMENT
IE length
Extension bit
Spare
PVC DLCI
Extension bit
PVC DLCI
Spare
Extension bit
Spare
PVC Status
Spare
PVC Active
Spare
INFORMATION ELEMENT
IE length
Extension bit
Spare
PVC DLCI
Extension bit
PVC DLCI
Spare
Extension bit
Spare
PVC Status
Spare
PVC Active
Spare
Field
P=0
STATUS
: SHIFT
: locking
: national use IE
: REPORT TYPE
: 1 octet
: full status message
: LINK INTegrity VERification
: 2 octets
: 8
: 23
: PVC STATUS
: 3 octets
: continued
: don’t care
: partial value
: not continued
: 16
: don’t care
: not continued
: don’t care
: PVC is already present
: don’t care
: PVC is active
: don’t care
: PVC STATUS
: 3 octets
: continued
: don’t care
: partial value
: not continued
: 17
: don’t care
: not continued
: don’t care
: PVC is already present
: don’t care
: PVC is inactive
: don’t care
: PVC STATUS
: 3 octets
: continued
: don’t care
: partial value
: not continued
: 18
: don’t care
: not continued
: don’t care
: PVC is new
: don’t care
: PVC is active
: don’t care
Trace display of a STATUS message using the complete format.
The general subgroup gathers the test cases related to valid
events. In these test cases, the tester simulates a normal exĆ
change of messages. The error subgroup contains test cases
that simulate network equipment that does not conform to
the standard and verifies that the implementation reacts acĆ
cording to the specification. In these test cases, the tester
sends messages with content error, and verifies that the imĆ
plementation under test rejects either the whole message or
the erroneous part. The system subgroup contains system
tests and tests that verify the system parameters of the
implementation under test.
It is worth noting that often part of a standard is too vague.
How should the equipment react under such circumstances?
An ATS can sometimes provide additional guidelines on these
points, and the ACTĆFR T1.617 Annex D ATS is a good exĆ
ample. The implementation behavior under certain error
conditions is not specified in the standard. The ACTĆFR comĆ
mittee has worked jointly with the T1S1.2 working group to
fill in the holes in the standard. The ATS was specified acĆ
cording to the results of this process. The T1S1.2 group plans
to update the standard accordingly, but in the meantime
only the ACTĆFR ATS provides the intended interpretation of
the standard.
The ACTĆFR T1.617 Annex D ETS for the HP PT502 can be
used for different purposes. It is an excellent tool for frame
relay equipment implementers for pretesting and preaccepĆ
tance purposes. The implementer can use the ETS at differĆ
ent stages of developmentĊfor instance, to test features
incrementally as they are implemented. The ETS can also be
used for regression testing, to ensure that changes or the
addition of new features to the frame relay equipment have
not introduced deficiencies in the implementation. The ETS
tests most aspects of the specification.
The test suite can also be used by carriers to test frame relay
equipment before it is hooked to a network (acceptance
testing). In this way, the carriers can ensure a certain degree
of interoperability among the different instruments of their
network.
Finally, along with other analysis packages available on
the HP PT502, the ETS can be used for troubleshooting by
network managers.
ACTĆFR is now ready to tackle its next assignments, namely,
development of additional procedures for permanent virtual
connection (networkĆtoĆnetwork interface), switch virtual
connection data link layer (LAPF), and switch virtual connecĆ
tion signaling. HewlettĆPackard intends to continue its role in
the ACTĆFR committee and to release an ETS for each ATS
approved therein.
Use of conformance testing in the early steps of the product
development life cycle speeds overall timeĆtoĆmarket of
communicating devices. It also increases the probability of
interoperability between products from different vendors.
In the past, conformance test software was coded manually.
The process was repetitive and errorĆprone. In today's comĆ
petitive market, these methods are not good enough to proĆ
vide customers in a timely fashion with conformance test
software to be used inĆhouse for pretesting.
The HP Protocol Test Center R&D team has implemented a
set of productivity tools to automate the implementation of
executable test suites. These tools have dramatically reduced
the R&D efforts needed to produce executable test suites.
They have also enhanced the quality of the software and conĆ
tributed to the detection of problems in the test specifications
by underlining inconsistencies.
The ACTĆFrame Relay committee has adopted the test speciĆ
fications for the additional procedures for permanent virtual
connections (userĆtoĆnetwork interface). With the help of the
TTCN translator, HewlettĆPackard was the first company to
offer a product for those test specifications.
October 1994 HewlettĆPackard Journal