#"' '!" " '"'" $ "
Onboard calibration capability enables the HP E1413 to calibrate all 64
input channels in under 15 minutes, many times faster than the manual
calibration techniques previously required in similar systems.
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64 Differential Customer Inputs
64 Calibration
Relays Operated
Eight at a Time
Eight Signal
Conditioning
Plug-Ons
Channels
0-7
Bank 0
SCP
Channels
8-15
Bank 1
SCP
64 High-Speed
FETs Operated
One at a Time
Banks 0 and 1
Banks 2 and 3
Channels 16 to 47,
Banks 2 to 5
Bank
Selector
Banks 4 and 5
Banks 6 and 7
Channels
48-55
Gain
DAC
Offset
DAC
(MUX A)
Bank 6
SCP
16-Bit ADC
CS5101
ADC Input
Amplifier
Voltage and Resistance
Sources
ADC Self-Test
MUX
(MUX E)
MUX C
Bank 7
SCP
7.5 k
CAL_R
Short
Channels
56-64
Two Differential Outputs to External
Multimeter for Calibration
Calibration Bus
SCP
Calibration
MUX
(MUX D)
OHM Relay
OHM H&L
(Multimeter Ohms Sense)
V H&L
(Multimeter Voltage Input =
Ohms Current Source)
I
MUX B
Calibration
Voltage
Source 15V
Digital Test
MUX
(MUX F)
Engineering
Units
Converter
CALBUS Relay
I_SOURCE Relay
Current
Source
MUXes A, B, C, D, E, and F can only
close one switch at a time.
Normal Signal Paths
Calibration and Test Paths
Calibrations
Working Calibrations
Calibrations Done in a Standards Lab
Requiring External Connections
Internal Self-Calibrations
*CAL? (or CAL:SETup)
CAL:ZERO?
Removes ADC
Offset Errors
Does Everything a
CAL:ZERO? Does
Need External Short
Removes High-Speed
MUX Offset Errors
Need External Multimeter
CAL:TARE
Removes SCP
Offset Errors
CAL:CONF:VOLT
Calibrates
ADC Gain
Calibrates Out
Customer Wiring
Offset Errors
Calibrates SCP Gains
External Multimeter Calibrated
CAL:CONF:RES
Calibrates Internal
Calibration Resistor
Does Everything
a *CAL? Does
$&! &$
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Calibrations Done in a Standards Lab
External Multimeter
(HP 3458A, HP 34520, etc.)
Working Calibrations
HP E1413
CAL:TARE
User’s System Wiring
SCP Gains
and Offsets
8
8
SCP Gains
and Offsets
8
8
SCP Gains
and Offsets
8
8
SCP Gains
and Offsets
8
8
SCP Gains
and Offsets
8
8
SCP Gains
and Offsets
8
8
SCP Gains
and Offsets
8
8
SCP Gains
and Offsets
8
Internal Self
Calibrations
Multiplexer
Offset
CAL:ZERO?
ADC
Gain
CAL:CONF:RES
8
CAL:CONF:VOLT
*CAL? (or CAL:SETup)
CAL_R
$% ! & ,
& + & $ & $&!
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&!$ )&&,$ !'$ Calibration of the HP E1413 ADC module can be performed using only one external
instrument, a digital multimeter. As implied in Fig. 2 in the accompanying article
there is a hierarchy of calibration types in the HP E1413 that can be invoked by
the calibration commands.
At the highest level are calibration commands that evaluate the HP E1413 transferstandard components. These commands, which include CALibrate:CONFigure:VOLTage and CALibrate:CONFigure:RESistance, allow an external digital multimeter to
make measurements to establish the value of key parameters in the HP E1413
circuitry. These key parameters are the ADC input amplifier gain on each of five
ranges and the value of the precision resistor in the HP E1413. All other HP E1413
calibrations are based on these six parameters.
Below these calibrations are the working calibrations,which include CAL:TARE,
*CAL?, and CAL:ZERO?. These calibrations affect smaller and smaller parts of the
HP E1413 and are shown in Fig. 2 as being entirely contained within the previous
type of calibration. The innermost (smallest span) calibration is CALibrate:ZERO?.
CAL:ZERO? is used only to correct the ADC for drift in voltage offset, which usually
results from temperature change. This command is very fast (less than five seconds)
and can be executed frequently to compensate for any changes in the temperature
or flow rate of the air cooling the HP E1413.
The *CAL? command is used to correct for any voltage offset caused by the SCPs
or the 64-channel multiplexer, and for any gain errors in the SCPs. For example, if
channel 1 of a SCP has a nominal gain of eight but an actual gain of 7.998, the
*CAL? command will correct for the difference by adjusting the ADC input amplifier
gain upward by a factor of 1.00025 whenever channel 1 is being measured. Every
channel containing an input SCP is calibrated this way during the execution of the
*CAL? command. Since up to 64 channels are calibrated, the *CAL? command can
be time-consuming, usually requiring 5 minutes or more to complete. The onboard
current source and any current or voltage sources on the SCPs are also calibrated
during *CAL?. Fig. 3 in the accompanying article shows that CAL:ZERO? is also
performed by *CAL?.
The outermost layer of calibration is CAL:TARE which adjusts all measurement
channels for any voltage induced by customer wiring. To understand the tare
calibration, consider an analogy from weight measurement. A customer wishing to
buy rice by weight places the rice into a plastic container on the scale. The customer does not wish to pay for the weight of the plastic container in addition to the
rice. So the container is first weighed alone (this is the tare weight), then its weight
is subtracted from the total weight of the container and rice. In some measurement
systems, the wiring between the HP E1413 and the transducer may cause some
small voltage to be added to the actual transducer output voltage. Any measurement of transducer voltage will include this small additional voltage caused by the
wiring. Therefore, the wiring is short circuited at the transducer, and the tare voltage is measured for each channel. This value is used during *CAL? to adjust calibration so that the tare voltage is subtracted from all future measurements on that
channel. Again, as Fig. 3 shows, *CAL? and CAL:ZERO? calibrations are performed
by CAL:TARE.
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