1
Prof. Burkhard Goeschel
How Cars Communicate with their Environment
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Telemetry in Formula 1 2009, why ?
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
analyze chassis data, e.g. handling, aerobalance, tire
temperature
derive necessary setup changes to improve car behavior, e.g.
wing position, brake distribution
analyze engine data in terms of performance and life time
derive engine/ECU setup changes, done by the driver, e.g.
lambda, ignition
get objective data for race strategy decisions, e.g. pit stops,
fuel quantity
correlate the driver feedback with objective car data, prove
driver requests
Technology is restricted by rules: Only one way
communication since 2003
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
2
Performance of Formula 1 Telemetry Systems
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Voice and real time telemetry within one unit
Up to 400 independent data channels
3-4.5 GHz transfer frequency
Transfer rate up to 1 Mbit/s
2 ms maximal time delay to pit and to head office
On board data storage for low signal quality regions
600 grams
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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4
Examples for Telemetry Data Analysis Results
Oversteer
Source: MOTEC
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Source: AVL
Understeer
Changes in the industry require business
transformation
o
Increasing regulations (Emissions, Safety..) will drive vehicle and
services complexity
o
90% of future vehicle innovations will be in electronics and software
o
Warranty costs are exploding because of increasing electronics and
software failures
o
OEM/Supplier collaboration transforms from hierarchical to value net
model with new entrants from IT and SW Industry
o
Ongoing customer relationship from initial vehicle purchase through
disposal
o
Innovative information-based services and business models enabled
by telematics will open up new profit streams
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
5
Future Mobility: C2X Communication,
I2X Communication
at
Tele m
ics
n et
In t e r
Road
Infrastructure
Telephone
Network
Telematics
6
Internet
Ｉｎｔｅｒ‐Ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ
Ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ
Information
Center
Satellite Digital
Broadcasts
Terrestrial
Broadcasts
Ｉｎ‐Car Info
Ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ
Information LAN
Source: ALPINE
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
7
Increase in Complexity
Wiring
Harness
per
Vehicle:
50-300m
ECUs per
Vehicle:
0-3 Units
BordnetDevelopment /
empiric,
New
evolutionary
Architectures:
Yesterday
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
2-5km
< 1-4km
30-70
Units
< 20-50
Units
component oriented,
decentral,
local and
proprietary structures
today
functions oriented
highly integrated,
holistic
structures,
standards
(i.e. AUTOSAR)
tomorrow
View to the global automotive electronics
market
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Future ECU integration potential
Head-Unit
Engine
Controller
Safety
Controller
Key Point:
The number of vehicle ECUs
could be reduced to a few as
3-5 at some point in the future*.
Body
Chassis
Controller
*Interviews have indicated that the number of ECUs will vary by OEM and by model
Source: Industry Interviews, Roland Berger Analysis
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
9
Example Chassis Control Systems: Today
Combination of the systems results in high
complexity
High application effort (different suppliers)
Interferences in vehicle dynamics control
o
o
o
Engine
Engine
ECU
ECU
Buses
Active
Front
Steering
Automatic
Automatic
transmission
transmission
ECU
ECU
ESP
ESP
ECU
ECU
Active
Damper
Control
Center Diff./
Transfer Case
/ TV
Active Rear
Steering
Brakes
Control
Active
Anti-roll bar
Torque
Vectoring
Automatic Tire
Pressure Control
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
10
Global Chassis Control: Tomorrow
Advantages
Centralized coordination of the active chassis
Extended possibilities (driver assistance systems)
Less application effort and more modularity
o
o
o
GCC
GCC
Engine
Engine
ECU
ECU
Bus
Active
Front
Steering
Automatic
Automatic
transmission
transmission
ECU
ECU
ESP
ESP
ECU
ECU
Active
Damper
Control
Center Diff./
Transfer Case
/ TV
Active Rear
Steering
Brakes
Control
Active
Anti-roll bar
Torque
Vectoring
Automatic Tire
Pressure Control
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Electrification Components Powertrain and
Comfort
Electrified Powertrain Components („Drive by Wire” components):
o
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Servo control/ steering help
Brakes / Brake assist
Electrical steering
Electrified comfort components :
o Aircondition
o „Infotainment”
o etc
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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12
Electrification Roadmap MAGNA
Level of Electrification
De
n
me
p
lo
ve
ts
e
dd
e
pe
p
nb
o
g
din
n
e
e ry
t
t
a
de
e
pm
o
l
ve
nt
Electric Vehicle ZEV
Flexible E-Drive
platform / propulsions
EV / ZEV
Plug-In-Hybrid
Full Hybrid
HySUV
Extension of
Full HEV
EV with
Range Extender/ PHEV
Hybrid 1st Gen
NiMhd 2 kWh
50 kg
x000 EUR
2003
Li-Ion 4 kWh
60 kg
......
EUR
2007
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Li-Ion 15 kWh
Li-Ion 25 kWh
Li-Ion 40 kWh
ca. 150 kg
ca. 220 kg
ca. 300-350 kg
....... EUR
… EUR
... EUR
2010
2012
2015
Storage capacity
Batt. Module cost
Possible Future Positioning of DAS and
Infotainment Functions
GCC
o
Future Head-Units will contain more functions than today,
such as
1.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
2.
Integrated Chassis Controls (GCC)
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
13
Fusion of Vision with Radar Sensor
Supports Additional Safety Features
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Enhanced
Night
Vision
Full Speed Adaptive
Cruise Control
Stop & Go
Brake Assist
Parking Aid
Intelligent
Light Function
Sensor Fusion
Vision with Radar
Intersection
Assist
Lane Departure Warning
Rain and Fog Sensor
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Pre Protect
Car 2 Car
Comm.
Traffic Sign
Recognition
Pedestrian Recognition
Active and passive driver assistance systems
Front Imaging
Camera
PedPro Sensing
- Sensing of Pedestrian
Impact
- T0-Trigger signal for
crash impact
- Lane Departure Warning
- Intelligent Headlamp
Control
- Traffic Sign Recognition
- Forward Collision Warning
Side Vision
Cameras
- Japan View Sideranging Aid
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Object Detection
- Forward Collision
Warning
- Parking Assistance
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Side-Object Radar
- Object Detection
- Lane Keeping Assistance
- Collision Warning
Rear Vision
Cameras
77GHz Radar
Short-Range
Radar
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- Video Backup Aid
- Parking Assistance
- Object Detection
Front Vision
Cameras
- Video Front-ranging
Aid
- 180° Front- / Side
view
- Visual Object
detection
In-Cabin Vision
Camera
- Occupant Classification
(VOCS)
- Driver Alertness Monitor
- Vehicle Security
Ultrasonic
Sensors
- Backup Aid
- Parking
Assistance
- Object Detection
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Conclusion
Governmental Regulations
Need for more Safety
Sensorics
Electrification of
o X2X Communication
o Driver Assistance Systems
o Traffic Control Systems
o …..
o Entire Powertrain
1. Battery,
2. DC/DS,
3. DC/AC
4. Electric Motors
o Aggregates: Braking, Steering,
Damping..
o COMPLEXITY: Int/Ext Data
o Data Analysis/Data Redundancy
o Actuators
New Board Net Architectures
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009