2012-2013 Summary of
Pre-professional Course Requirements by Pharmacy Degree Institution
R
R
R CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
72
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R^^
Arizona, Univ. of
70-73
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Univ. of
69-71
R
R
CR CR CR
R CR
R
R
R
R
CR
R20
CR
R19
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R28
R34
Rc
R
Auburn Univ. (AL)
*
Belmont Univ. (TN)
*
Buffalo The SUNY, Univ. at (NY)
*
Butler Univ. (IN)
*
California Northstate
*
CA-San Diego, Univ. of
*
90
CA-San Francisco, Univ. of
*
92
Campbell Univ. (NC)
*
Charleston, Univ. of (WV)
Chicago State Univ. (IL)
Cincinnati, Univ. of (OH)
*
Colorado Denver, Univ. of
*
Concordia University (WI)
*
Connecticut, Univ. of
*
Creighton Univ. (NE)
*
Drake Univ. (IA)
*
9
87-89
6
R
R^^
64
R
R
n/a
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
64
R
R
*
63
R
R
R^^
*
62
R
R
R
R
R
Duquesne Univ. (PA)
n/a
68
63
101
103.5
95
6
90
R
R
68-69
R
R
51
R
42-45
R
R
63
4
R
R
72
R
R
*
65
R
R
East Tennessee State Univ.
*
61
R
Ferris State Univ. (MI)
*
61
R
72
Florida, Univ. of
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R CR
R
R
Rc
R
R
R
R
R
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R45
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R45
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R36 CR
R^^
R
R^^
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R24
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R CR
R
R
R
R
CR
CR
R
R
R
R
CR
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R29
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R17
69
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
60
R
R
R
R
R
R
66
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
CR CR CR
CR
CR
CR
R
CR
R
CR
R^^
R^^
R
R
R
*
Hampton Univ. (VA)
Harding Univ. (AR)
*
90
6
CR
Hawaii-Hilo, Univ of
*
66
5
R
R
70-73
R
R
CR
CR
CR
R
R^^
Houston, Univ. of (TX)
Howard Univ. (DC)
*
64-70
Husson Univ. (ME)
*
60
R
44
R
Idaho State Univ.
Illinois-Chicago, Univ. of
*
60
R
Incarnate Word, Univ. of the (TX)
*
66
R
Iowa, Univ. of
*
62-76
R
Kansas, Univ. of
R^^
R
R^^
R
*
61-81
R
*
60
R
Lipscomb Univ. (TN)
*
62
R
Loma Linda Univ. (CA)
*
60
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
CR CR
R
CR
R^^
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
CR
CR
R44
CR
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R CR
R^^
R
R
R
CR
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
CR CR R^^ CR
R
CR CR R^^
CR CR CR
R
CR
CR
R8
CR
R6
CR
CR
CR
CR
R^^
Humanities
Foreign Language
R
CR
CR
R
R
R
CR
CR
R
R
R
CR CR CR
R^^
R
CR
R
CR CR CR CR
R
R^^
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
CR
R^^
R
CR
R
R^^
R CR
CR
CR
R
R
R
R1
R^^ CR
R
R
R
R37
R
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R29
R29
R
R
R
R
R
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R¹
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R37
R
R
R CR
College Prep
R
R²
R
CR
History / Social Science
Institution Specific c
R
R
R
R6
CR
4^
R
R
R
R6
CR
R37
R
R
4^
R
R^^
R
R
CR
R
R
R6
R
R^^
CR
R1
R
R^^
R
R
R
4^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
CR
R
R
R
R^^
LECOM (PA, FL)
R
R^^
R^^
68
Kentucky, Univ. of
CR
R^^
6^
CR
R
R
CR
3^
CR
CR
R1
R CR
3^
R
R¹
CR CR
R
Public Speak / Speech
Communication
Foreign Lang
Music / Music Appr
Philosophy
Relig Studies
Rhetoric
Writng
Literature
English/ English
Composition
Generel Ed / Electives f
Fine Art
Humanities b
Int'l Culture
Phys Ed
Critic Think
R
R
CR
CR
R^^
R^^
R
R
R
R
R^^
4^
R
R
R CR
R
R
R
Rc
R4
R
R37
R CR
CR
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
CR
R CR
R46
CR
R
CR CR
R
R
R
Business / Accounting
R
CR
R
CR
Gendr/Ethnc Stud
Ethics
Economics
Sociology
Anthro
West Civ
Hum Behav / Behav Sci
History
Poly Sci
R
R
R39
CR
N/A
*
Florida A&M Univ.
Georgia, Univ. of
R
R
R
R
R
R CR
R^^
D'Youville College (NY)
Findlay, Univ. of (OH)
R^^
R^^
X
R
R
R
Science
70
*
Math
*
Appalachian College of Pharmacy (VA)
English
Albany College of Pharmacy (NY & VT)
Psychology
Physics
Social Sciences
a
Computer Appl / Sci
Stats
Calculus
Pre Calc
Biochemistry
Analy Chem
Org Chem II
Org Chem I
Gen Chem II
Gen Chem I
Zoology
Molecular Bio
Microbiology
Kinesiology
Genetics or Genomic
Bio
Immunoloy
Cell Bio
Anat & Phys / Human
Anat
Gen Bio II
Total # Sem
High School Courses c
Prerequisite Course Summary
B.S. Required
(not preferred)
Gen Bio I
Total #Sem Hrs
Total # Qtr
Total # Qtr Hrs
AACP Member Institutions
PharmCAS Schools*
Prerequisite Summary
R
R¹
CR
R
CR
R^^
R
CR
R
R^^
R
R
R
CR
CR
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R^^
R
CR
R
R
R
1
Manchester College (IN)
90
Maryland, Univ. of
*
Maryland Eastern Shore, Univ. of
*
Massachessets-Boston
*
Massachessets-Worcester/Manchester
*
Mercer Univ. (GA)
*
Michigan, Univ. of
*
66
90
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
CR CR
R CR
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
72-88
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R CR
R
R
R CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R7
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R CR CR
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R36
R
CR
Midwestern Univ-Glendale (AZ)
*
90
62
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R CR
R
R
CR CR
Minnesota, Univ. of
*
51
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
Mississippi, Univ. of
*
88-90
R
R
R41
R
R7
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
Missouri - Kansas City, Univ. of
54
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R17
Montana, Univ. of
53
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R^^
Nebraska Medical Center, Univ. of
*
90
Roseman Univ. of Health Sciences
R
R^^
34
R
R^^
R
R
*
71
New Mexico, Univ. of
*
91
North Carolina Chapel Hill, Univ. of
*
74-90
R
R
R
R
R
R
R CR
R
R
66
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
*
72
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Notre Dame of Maryland Univ.
*
72
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R CR
Nova Southeastern Univ. (FL)
*
62
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
CR
R
CR
North Dakota State Univ.
Northeast Ohio (NEOMED)
R
R
R^^
R^^
R
R
R
R
R^^
CR
CR
R
R^^
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R^^
CR CR
R
R CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R¹
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R^^
Ohio Northern Univ.
CR CR
R28
R CR
R^^
CR CR
R
R
R
R4
R
CR
CR CR
R
R
R
*
Oklahoma, Univ. of
*
64-72
R
R
Oregon State Univ.
*
75
R
R
Pacific, Univ. of the (CA)
*
R
CR
Pacific Univ. Oregon
*
62
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
Palm Beach Atlantic Univ. (FL)
*
66-67
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (GA)
*
60
R
R
R
R
R
Philadelphia, Univ. of the Sciences in (PA)
*
n/a
Pittsburgh, Univ. of (PA)
*
60-62
R
R
R
R
Presbyterian College (SC)
*
R
R
R
Puerto Rico, Univ. of
Purdue Univ. (IN)
*
Regis Univ. (CO)
*
Rhode Island, Univ. of
180
120
X
R
R^^
R^^ CR
CR
CR CR
R^^
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
CR
R
R CR
R
R
CR CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
61
R
R
R^^
72
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^37
CR
*
67
R
R
R^^
Rosalilnd Franklin Univ. (IL)
*
60
R
R
R
3^
2^ CR
4^
3^
2^
1^ 6^
Humanities
3^
Foreign Language
4^
R
R
CR
CR
CR CR
R
R
R
R^^
R
CR
CR
R
CR CR CR
R
CR
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R CR
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
CR
R
R
CR CR
R
R
R
R12
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
n/a
Roosevelt Univ. (IL)
CR CR CR CR
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
64
4^
R
R^^
R^^
R^^
73-76
4^
R
n/a
Ohio State Univ., The
4^
R
Northeastern Univ. (MA)
R
CR
R
R
R^^
4^
R
CR
R
R^^
4^
R
R^^
R
4^
R
R
R
1^ 6^
CR
R
R
2^
R
R^^
R
3^
R
R
R
R
4^
College Prep
Institution Specific c
R
R4
CR
Public Speak / Speech
R
R
R
Communication
R
R¹
R^^
Foreign Lang
R
R
CR
CR
Music / Music Appr
R
R
CR
R^^
Philosophy
R¹
R
R CR
Relig Studies
R
CR6 CR
R
Rhetoric
R
R
CR
Writng
R
R
R
R¹
R
Literature
R
R
R
CR
R
R CR
English/ English
Composition
Generel Ed / Electives f
Fine Art
Humanities b
Int'l Culture
Phys Ed
Critic Think
Business / Accounting
Gendr/Ethnc Stud
Ethics
Sociology
Economics
R
R^^
R
CR CR
R^^
R
New England, University of (ME)
R
R^^
R
CR
62
R
R
R
67-71
R
Anthro
R
90
R
R
CR
*
R
West Civ
CR
R
Midwestern Univ-Chicago (IL)
R^^
Hum Behav / Behav Sci
Poly Sci
R
R
History
a
R
R^^
Psychology
Social Sciences
Physics
Computer Appl / Sci
Stats
Calculus
Pre Calc
Biochemistry
Analy Chem
Org Chem II
Org Chem I
Gen Chem II
R
R
CR
R
Gen Chem I
Zoology
Molecular Bio
Microbiology
Kinesiology
Genetics or Genomic
Bio
Immunoloy
Cell Bio
R
R^^ CR CR
CR
X
Anat & Phys / Human
Anat
Total # Sem
60
65
Midway College (KY)
Gen Bio II
R
History / Social Science
77
Science
69
*
Math
*
Louisiana at Monroe, Univ. of
English
Long Island Univ. (NY)
B.S. Required
(not preferred)
Gen Bio I
Total #Sem Hrs
Total # Qtr
Total # Qtr Hrs
AACP Member Institutions
PharmCAS Schools*
2012-2013 Summary of
Pre-professional Course Requirements by Pharmacy Degree Institution
R
R
R^^
R
R
CR
R
R
CR
CR
R
R
R^^
R
R^^
R
CR
CR
R
2
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R29
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R CR
R^^
R
R
R
Samford Univ. (AL)
*
66
Shenandoah Univ. (VA)
*
65
R
R
66
R
R
R^^
66
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
73
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
48
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
65
CR
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R46 CR
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
South Carolina COP
South Carolina COP MUSC Campus
South College (TN)
*
104
South Dakota State Univ.
R^^
South Univ. (GA)
*
Southern California, Univ. of
*
Southern Illinois Univ. Edwardsville
*
70
R
R
St. John Fisher College (NY)
*
62
R
R
St. John's Univ. (NY)
n/a
St. Louis COP (MO)
*
Sullivan Univ. (KY)
72
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R CR CR
R
R
R
R
R CR
R
R
R
R
CR CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
63
R
R
Tennessee, Univ. of
*
90
CR
CR
Texas A&M Univ.
72
R
R
Texas Southern Univ.
80
R
R
71-74
R
R
46
R
R
68
R
R
R^^
51
R
R
R48
Thomas Jefferson Univ. (PA)
*
Toledo, Univ. of (OH)
Touro Univ. (CA)
*
Touro College (NY)
*
R
Union Univ. (TN)
*
81
CR
Utah, Univ. of
*
51
R
Virginia Commonwealth Univ.
*
90
R
Washington, Univ. of
*
57
R
R
Washington State Univ.
*
64
R
R
Wayne State Univ. (MI)
*
West Virginia Univ.
*
65-66
*
52
X
X
Wilkes Univ. (PA)
R
R
R
R CR
R
R
R47 CR
R
CR CR
R^^
R
CR
CR
CR CR
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R^^
R
CR
R1
R
CR
CR
R
R
CR
CR
R
R
CR
R 4^
3^
3^
Humanities
3^
2^
R
R
CR
R
5^
R
R^^
R
4^
R
R
R
4^
R
R
R^^
CR
2^
R
R
R
3^
R
History / Social Science
Institution Specific c
Public Speak / Speech
Communication
Foreign Lang
Music / Music Appr
Philosophy
Relig Studies
Rhetoric
Writng
Literature
English/ English
Composition
Generel Ed / Electives f
Fine Art
Humanities b
Int'l Culture
Phys Ed
Critic Think
Business / Accounting
Gendr/Ethnc Stud
Ethics
Economics
Sociology
Anthro
West Civ
Hum Behav / Behav Sci
History
Poly Sci
R
R^^
R 4^
R
R CR
R2
CR
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R37
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
CR CR
R
R5 R43
R²
R^^ R10
R
R
R
CR CR CR
R CR
R
CR
R
R CR
R
R
R8
Rc
Rc
R
R
CR^^
R^^
CR
R
R
CR
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R^^ CR CR CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R^^
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R7
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
CR
CR CR
R¹
7
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
CR
CR
R1
R4
117
2
1
1
R
R
Wisconsin, Univ of
*
68
R
R
Wyoming, Univ. of
*
45
R
R
66
R
R
103
81
82
9
8
5
0 77
5
0 118 117 118
5
6
4
10
6
1
0
9
6
R
R^^
R
4
0
1
0
R^^
R
R
R
CR
CR
R CR
R^^
CR
CR CR CR
CR CR
R^^^
R
R
R
CR CR
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
CR CR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R16
R
R1
R
R^^
CR
CR
R
R
CR
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
CR CR CR
R^^
R^^
CR
CR
CR
R
R^^
CR
R
R^^
CR
R
CR CR CR
R
R
5
R^^
R
R
62-63
Total # CONDITIONALLY REQUIRED
R^^
R
R
CR
CR
R
R^^
R
CR
R
R
R
*
Total # REQUIRED
R^^
CR
R
R
R
R
41
R^^ CR CR
Wingate Univ. (NC)
Xavier Univ. (LA)
CR
R CR
R¹
R
R
Western New England Univ. (MA)
Western Univ. (CA)
R37
CR
R
65-67
Texas-Austin, Univ. of
R
CR
R
R
*
*
R
CR
visit www.stjohns.edu for detials
Temple Univ. (PA)
Texas Tech Univ.
CR
R
CR
n/a
108
Southwestern Oklahoma State Univ.
R^^
R
R
Psychology
Social Sciences
Physics
R
Foreign Language
R
R
a
Computer Appl / Sci
Stats
Calculus
Pre Calc
Biochemistry
Analy Chem
Org Chem II
Org Chem I
Gen Chem II
Gen Chem I
Zoology
Molecular Bio
Microbiology
Kinesiology
Genetics or Genomic
Bio
Immunoloy
R42
R^^
College Prep
R
Cell Bio
Anat & Phys / Human
Anat
Total # Sem
Gen Bio II
R
Science
68
Math
73
Saint Joseph College (CT)
English
Rutgers, The State Univ. of NJ
B.S. Required
(not preferred)
Gen Bio I
Total #Sem Hrs
Total # Qtr
Total # Qtr Hrs
AACP Member Institutions
PharmCAS Schools*
2012-2013 Summary of
Pre-professional Course Requirements by Pharmacy Degree Institution
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R^^
R
R21
R^^
R
R1
R
R1
R
R
Rc
3^ R
R
R^^
R
R^^
R
R¹
R
R
R¹
R
R
R
R
R
R^^
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R
R^^
R
R^^
R
R^^
R¹
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
20
11
118
76
3
96
46
21
5
12
31
0
0
3
82
8
4
1
2
5
4
50
13
43
102
14
4
0
0
2
7
1
18
21
9
8
18
2
8
20
7
2
0
7
0
0
2
11
10
0
4
9
R
R
R
R
3
2
3
5
0
2
5
2
1
5
8
5 10
1
76 38
4
0
3
KEY
General Guidelines: If applicable, courses should be for science majors and include a lab. Check the institution's web site for specific
guidelines or clarification
R: Required for admission
CR: Conditional Requirement, subject may be substituted to fill prerequisite
S: Suggested/Recommended, not required for admission
a
Social Science requirement may include any of the following subjects: Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Political Science, Economics,
Geography. Please contact individual school to determine how many hours/classes are required to fulfill their requirements.
b
Humanities requirement may include any of the following subjects: History, Civilizations, Fine Arts, Literature, Philosophy, Religious Studies, Ethics,
Foreign Language, Cultural Diversity, Performing Arts, Visual Arts. Please contact individual schools to determine institution specific requirements.
c
Contact institution for specific course equivalencies
d
Contact schools with this requirement for course equivalencies
f
General Education requirement is often the non-science courses pre-requisites. Contact schools with Gen Ed requirement for courses.
** These colleges of pharmacy are not yet eligible to join AACP as institutional members. They participate in PharmCAS and have had an ACPE site
visit approved but have no official ACPE status. All PharmCAS applicants that designate these schools are required to apply to another school with
ACPE status (last updated on August 21, 2010)
^ Units
Two courses are required for subject
Three courses are required for subject
^^
^^^
¹ Microeconomics
² Macroeconomics
3
Core Fine Arts: Art Appreciation, Art History, Music Appreciation, or Theater Appreciation
4
Healthcare related ethics
5
American Government / Politics
6
U.S. History
7
Medical Microbiology
8
US and/or Texas History: check school's requirements
9
Must meet the UW-Madison Communication "A" requirement
10
U.S. Society
11
The United States Before 1877 or equivalent and The United States Since 1877 or equivalent
12
Must be fluent, or near fluent, in Spanish. All patient interaction is conducted in Spanish.
13
American Culture
14
Performing and Fine Arts (including Music), Physical Education, Foreign Languages, Computers or similar courses will not meet this requirement.
15
Sophomore Level English Composition Course
16
Rhetoric and Composition Course
17
Calculus course must include Analytical Geometry component
18
Accounting
19
Physics I is a required course, Physics II is conditionally required
20
Calculus I is a required course, Calculus II is conditionally required
21
Professional / Technical Writing
22
Technical or Creative Writing
23
Speech/Interpersonal Communications
24
Statistics: Biostatistics
25
General Biology I and II will no longer be required beginning with the class of 2008, see note 30
26
Molecular Biology and Genetics will be required beginning with the class of 2008
27
Physiology and lab not required
28
Statistics - Must have a general statistics or biostatistics emphasis; a course in business statistics is not acceptable.
29
Course for life sciences majors
30
American Diversity
31
World Civilizations
32
Masterworks in Literature
34
Physics: Calculus or Trigonometry based
35
History: Check Auburn's specific history requirements at
http://pharmacy.auburn.edu/prospective_students/professional_degree/au_core_curriculum.htm
36
Physics must include mechanics, thermodynamics, force, and motion.
37
Calculus with integration and differentiation
38
World History
39
Calculus and Analytic Geometry
40
Pathogenic Microbiology
41
Physiology upper division; not anatomy and physiology
42
Exclusively physiology, two courses may be required if taking combined anatomy and physiology
43
US History and World History or World Cultural Geography
44
Global Diversity
45
Physics: with lab, including electricity and magnetism
46
Physiology: whole animal / human / mammalian physiology
47
Physics: including thermodynamics and electromagnetism
48
Functional Anatomy and Pathophysiology
49
Physiology and Pathology