ITU World
Telecommunication
Development Report
Access Indicators for the
Information Society
Press Briefing
UN, Geneva
4 December 2003
What the report is
• A practical toolkit with
dozens of definitions
and examples of
indicators & surveys
used to measure access
to ICTs that
governments can use to
improve their statistical
practices.
• A 100-page statistical
annex covering a range
of data for 182
countries in 20
statistical tables is also
included. These “World
Telecommunication
Indicators” include data
such as the number of
telephone subscribers,
television households
and Internet users.
Why measure access?
“We, the representatives of the peoples of the
world… declare our common desire and
commitment to build a people-centered,
inclusive … Information Society, where
everyone can create, access, utilize and
share information and knowledge, enabling
individuals, communities and peoples to achieve
their full potential … and improving their quality
of life…”
—World Summit on the Information Society,
Declaration of Principles, Draft of 14 November
2003
Contents
1. Accessing the Information Society
2. Measuring Access to ICTs
3. ICTs in Business, School & Government
4. ICTs and the Millennium Development Goals
5. The Digital Access Index
6. Conclusions
World Telecommunication Indicators
The digital divide &
the statistical divide
Low Income
Upper Middle
100%
Lower Middle
High Income
70%
80%
60%
60%
40%
40%
20%
40%
20%
5%
0%
Population
Lower Middle
High Income
100%
16%
80%
Low income
Upper Middle
Internet
users
23%
60%
33%
0%
Countries
0%
Internet
survey
Over-surveyed
Internet user surveys in Europe
90
Spain
50
44
Denmark
80
42
70
60
29
EU
50
23
19
Spain
40
30
Greece
20
10
0
Nielsen SIBIS Gallup TNS
AUI
INE
NSO
Gallup
Internet users as % of 14/15/16+ population, 2002
The shrinking digital divide?
Internet users per 100 inhabitants
Peru,
2000
3.9
2.0
Estimate
Mexico,
2002
Survey
9.8
4.6
Estimate
Thailand,
2001
3.8
Estimate
Jamaica,
2003
5.8
Survey
25.7
5.0
Survey
Estimate
Survey
Age and access device
Internet users per 100 inhabitants, 2002
81
Iceland 12+
71
Sweden 16+
Iceland
64.9
Sweden
57.3
Denmark 16+
64
USA
55.2
Singapore 15+
64
Korea(Rep.)
55.2
Canada 15+
63
Japan
Finland 16+
62
Canada
51.3
Neth. 15+
62
Denmark
51.3
Norway 13+
61
Finland
50.8
USA 3+
59
Netherlands
50.6
Korea (Rep.) 6+
57
Singapore
50.4
44.9
Only from
mobiles
Mexico: Internet subscription,
possession, use and access, 2002
100
90
80
70
68.5
60
50
40
30
20
10
2.0
6.2
9.9
0
Subscribers per Availability in
100 inhabitants household (%)
Users per 100
inhabitants
Population
covered (%)
Ethiopia: telephone penetration
and use
1998
19.3
0.3
Telephone penetration
Use telephone
South Africa mobile
Percentage of population covered by mobile cellular service
90
70
73
75
92
96
80
Mobile subscribers
per 100 inhabitants
19.1
2.3
4.5
1997
1998
7.9
1999
24.3
30.7
12.0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Electricity
Percentage of households in Africa with electricity, radio, TV
60
Electricity
Radio
TV
2
R = 0.92
50
40
TV 30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
Electricity
80
Ghana Senegal Namibia Mozambique
Sector
85
37
93
89
44
• Business
• School
• Government
Small Medium Large European Chile
Internet access in
Union
Chilean firms, '02, %
Estonia
100
Switzerland
93
Chile
76
Mauritius
48
Turkey
41
34
Malaysia
Cape Verde
33
Mongolia
26 Secondary schools
with Internet access
Ethiopia 2
%, 2002
Malawi 0.4
Finland
Canada
Slovenia
Estonia
HK, China
Macao, China
Peru
Malawi
85
82
79
67
42
16 Gov't employees
13 with Internet
access, %, 2002
5
Information & Communication Technology &
Millennium Development Goals
MDGs
ICTs
MDG Goal 8: Develop a global
partnership for development
Target 18
“In cooperation with the private sector
make available the benefits of new
technologies, specifically information
and communications.”
A decade of ICT progress
Total telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants, developing regions
2002
1992
52.6
44.1
35.4
27.4
9.8
18.0
14.1
7.1
1.2
Carib- Europe & Latin
East
bean C. Asia America Asia
4.5
MENA
5.3
4.7
4.5
1.0
2.3
0.7
Sub- Pacific
Saharan
Africa
Note: Developed countries are excluded. For definitions of regions, see:
www.worldbank.org/data/countryclass/classgroups.htm.
South
Asia
Macro-economic impact of ICTs: Japan
1995
1997
1999
2001
ICT annual growth 1995-2001: 9.3%
(Overall economy only 1.2%)
ICT jobs: 3.8 million
(7.1% of all workers, 3rd largest employer)
ICT
Overall 0.03%
0.31%
Transportation
-0.06%
Retail
Iron & steel
-0.06%
Construction
Wholesale 0.02%
Share of ICT sector in GDP
-0.24%
Electric machinery
8.6%
9.3%
10.0%
-0.66%
11.8%
10.9% 11.2%
0.83%
12.6%
Contribution to
economic growth, 2001
1.5 million jobs created
US$ 206 billion ICT investment
US$ 335 billion production induced
Gender, pollution & telework in Ireland
Telework: “persons who work from home & could not do so without PC with a telecom link.”
More teleworkers = more people working at home = less car pollution (MDG #7)
72%
41%
Teleworkers
All workers
56%
44%
68%
49%
41%
33%
College Women
Have Married
children
Work at home 9.7%
Public
transport,
walk, bicycle
36.2%
Home 8.9%
(Telework:
2.3%)
Car 54.1%
Away
Number of vehicles
from
increased by 68%
home
from 1990-2001.
91.1%
Related CO2
emissions
increased by 122%
i
Getting to work Location of work
More tertiary education = more women with small children teleworking (MDG #3)
Impact of ICTs on
Millennium Development Goals
1. Eradicate
extreme
poverty
24
2. Achieve
universal
primary
education
5.7
3.Promote
gender
equality
5.Improve
maternal
health
7. Ensure
environmental
sustainability
143
0.8
% change
Increase in
income of
Bangladesh
village phone
owners
4. Reduce
child
mortality
6. Combat
HIV/AIDS,
malaria
and other
diseases
-10
-50
-2
Increase in
Increase in
Decrease in
Decrease in
Increase in Decrease in CO2
primary school female tertiary
infant health
maternal
condom imports car emissions
enrolment in
school
problems among
mortality
in St. Lucia after from telework in
Nepal from
enrolment in
families using following ICT- HIV radio show
Ireland
teachers trained Australia from telemedicine in based program
using ICTs online education
US
in Uganda
WSIS Targets
1.
To connect villages with ICTs and
establish community access points
2. To connect … schools
3. To connect research centres
4. To connect public libraries…
5. To connect health centres & hospitals
6. To connect all local and central
government departments & establish
websites and e-mail addresses
7. To adapt … school curricula to meet
challenges of the Information Society
8. To ensure that all of the world’s
population has access to TV & radio
9. To encourage development of content
& … facilitate the presence and use of
all world languages on the Internet
10. To ensure that more than half the
world’s inhabitants have access to
ICTs within their reach
94 100 95
99
89
88
Radio
78
Developing
Developed
World
% population
covered by
terrestrial
TV broadcasting
97
81
% population covered by
telephone service
Developing Developed
World
Digital Access Index
• ITU expertise:
– Leading source of ICT data
– Analysis and research
strength
• Inclusive:
– 178 economies, most of
any other ICT index
• Transparent:
– 5 categories, 8 indicators,
easy to decode
• Classifications:
– High, upper, medium, low
• Flexibility:
– gender sub-index
– national indices
– index over time
! Broadband
subscribers
QUALITY
! International
Internet
bandwidth
! Fixed
telephone
subscribers
INFRASTRUCTURE
USAGE
! Internet users
! Mobile
cellular
subscribers
!Internet
access
price
! Literacy
KNOWLEDGE
! School
enrolment
AFFORDABILITY
e-ITU indicators
Universal
service
1.% households
with electricity
2. % households
with a radio
3.% households
with a television
4. % of
households with
a telephone
5. % of
households with
a computer
6. % of
households with
Internet
Universal
access
7. % of population
covered by mobile
8. % of population
that use a computer
9. % of population
with access to the
Internet
Sector
use
10. % businesses
with computers
11. % businesses
with Internet access
12. % businesses
with a website
13. Student to
computer ratio
14. % schools with
Internet access
15. % gov’t offices
with Internet access
16. % gov’t offices
with a website
17.% gov’t
employees with
Internet access
Digital Access
Index
18. Fixed subscribers
per 100 inhabitants
19. Mobile
subscribers per 100
inhabitants
20. Internet tariff as
% of per capita
income
21. Internet
bandwidth per
inhabitant
22. Broadband
subscribers per 100
inhabitants
23. Internet users per
100 inhabitants
Conclusions
• Follow model surveys to enhance international comparability.
Where household or business surveys are already conducted by
national statistical offices, include ICT access questions.
• Developed nations and multilateral agencies should assist
developing nations to compile ICT indicators
• Government ICT agencies should collect administrative records
on ICTs and liase with their national statistical offices.
• Make available data more visible. Countries should identify a
prominent website location for information society statistics.
• At the international level, a portal for information society
indicators could be created, containing links to national
statistics as well as model questionnaires and methodological
information.
International agencies also devote more resources to this area.
• Good statistical practice is important; transparency, clarity,
timeliness and relevance are critical.
World Telecom Indicators
1. Basic indicators
2. Main telephone lines
3. Waiting list
4. Telephone network
5. Tele-accessibility
6. Telephone tariffs
7. Cellular subscribers
8. Cellular tariffs
9. ISDN
10. International traffic
11. Telecom staff
12. Telecom revenue
13. Telecom investment
14. Equipment trade
15. Information technology
16. Internet tariffs
17. Broadband
18. Broadcasting
19. Pay TV
20. Projections
181 economies, 2002 data
ITU 2003
World Telecommunication
Development Report:
Access Indicators for the
Information Society
Thank you!
Michael.Minges@itu.int