HIGH DENS ITY F LO W- T HR O UG H C U L T U R I N G O F B R I N E S H R I M P
A R T E M I A ON I N E R T F E E D S - P R E L I M I N A R Y R E S U L T S WI TH A
M OD I F I E D C U L T U R E SYSTEM
P A T R I C E B R ISSE T , D A N N Y V E R S I C H E L E , E T I E N N E B O SSU Y T , L U C DE R U Y C K
and PATRICK SO R G ELOO S*
A r t e m i a R e fe r e n c e C e n te r . S t a t e U n iv e r s ity o f G h e n t. J. P la te a u s tr c a t 2 2 ,
B - 9 0 0 0 G h e n t, B e lg iu m
ABSTRAC T
A m o d ifie d filte r sy s te m is d e sc rib e d f o r th e in te n siv e c u ltu rin g o f A r te m ia in a
c o n tin u o u s ly ren ew e d m e d iu m . E x tra p o la te d to a I m 3 ta n k, 2 5 k g liv e w e ig h t A rtem ia
c o u ld b e p ro d u c e d o ver a c u ltu re p e rio d o f tw o w ee k s o n a d ie t o f m ic r o n iz e d a n d
d e fa tte d rice bran u sin g th e sa lt en rich e d e fflu e n t o f an a b a n d o n e d g e o th e r m a l w e ll as
a c u ltu re m ed iu m .
A few years ago the A r te m ia R eference C e n te r to g e t h e r w ith th e St C roix Marine
S ta t io n o f th e University o f T ex as Marine Science In s tit u te d e v e lo p e d a new t e c h n i q u e
for high d e n sity c u ltu rin g o f b rin e shrim p u n d e r flo w -th ro u g h c o n d i t i o n s (T o b ia s
e t al., 1979). T he m o s t i m p o r t a n t in n o v a tio n was the in terc h a n g e a b le s c re en -cy lin d er
w ith a e ra tio n collar that assures efficient drainage o f c u ltu re w a t e r a n d faecal pellets.
Using m o n o s p e cific algal c u ltu re s as c o m b i n e d c u lt u r e m e d iu m a n d f o o d s o u r c e , it was
sh o w n at St Croix th a t, e x tr a p o la t e d from re p e ate d 100 litre c u l t u r e trials, u p to
2 5 kg o f A r te m ia can be p ro d u c e d in a 1 m 3 ta n k w ith in a g ro w in g p erio d o f o n ly
tw o w eeks ( R o d s e t al., 1979).
Since th e use o f live algae greatly restricts the ap plicab ility o f th is ty p e o f intensive
cu ltu rin g o f brine shrim p (S orgeloos, 1982), we were in terested to te st flo w - th ro u g h
c u ltu rin g w ith c hea p inert diets th a t had alread y p ro ve n to be a c c e p t a b le in th e b a tc h
c u ltu rin g o f A rte m ia (D o b b e le ir e t a l., 1980). T h e availability o f su f fic ie n t v o lum es
o f w a rm w a te r (5 m 3 h ~ ‘ at 2 9 ° C a n d 8 p p t salinity) from a n a b a n d o n e d a rte s ia n well
’ R ese arch A ssociate a t th e N a tio n a l F u n d for S cientific R esearch (B e lg iu m ), t o w h o m c o r r e s p o n d ­
e n ce s hould b e addressed.
us
A q u a c u ltu r a l E n g in e e r in g 0 1 4 4 - 8 6 0 9 / 8 2 / 0 0 0 1 - 0 1 1 5 / $ 0 2 . 7 5
England. 1982
P r i n t e d in G r e a t B r ita in
;
© A pplied S c ie n ce P ublishers L td ,
e n a b le d us t o s t u d y th e technicaJ feasibility o f flo w -th ro ug h cu ltu rin g o f A r te m ia
inert feeds. Results r e p o r te d here were o b ta i n e d w ith m ic ro n iz e d d e fa t te d rice bí
as fo o d source.
Initial testing revealed th a t clogging o f the filter screen is m u c h m o re critical w
rice b r a n as fo o d th a n w ith live algae; i.e. d u ring th e first w eek w h e n use was m ad e
the sm allest m esh screens, cylindrical fdte rs a p p e a r n o t to be suited. Filter surfa.
th a t are slightly in clined, h ow e v e r, are m o r e efficiently cleaned b y the effect o f risi
air-bubbles. T ak ing this in to c o n sid e ra tio n we have d eve lop e d a n ew filter sy stem tl
is sc h em atically o u tlin e d in Fig. 1.
A n o b lo n g a n d fu nn el sh a p e d frame is assem bled w ith PV C-tubing, elbows and
pieces. T h e f o u r sta n d -u p sides are m o u n t e d a t an angle o f a b o u t 9° w ith the b o t t o
N ylo n sc re en bags (m e s h sizes: 130, 2 2 5 , 3 0 0 and 4 0 0 p m ) are sew ed to the frame
ensure p e rf e c t fitting ov er the fram e s u p p o r t. T he u p p e r p art o f the filter, starti
from j u s t u n d e r n e a t h th e w a te r level, is finished in n y lo n c lo th . F o r those larvae tl
have b e e n foam ed off, this s m o o t h n y lo n surface prov ides a ch an ce for th em to sli
back in t o th e c u ltu re m e d i u m . F u r t h e r m o r e , each filter bag is e q u ip p e d w ith a d n
tu b e (2 c m d ia m e te r ) m o u n t e d in o n e o f its ends u n d e r the w a te r level. T he fil
sy s tem , i.e. filter bag fixed o n fra m e , fits e x a c tly in t o a re cta ng ular ae ratio n coi
th a t has b een glued t o th e b o t t o m o f th e cu lture ta n k . This collar is m ade o f PV
tub in g, 10 m m d ia m e te r w ith 1-5 m m holes at 1 cm intervals. T h e air-bubbles rising ■
the o u ts id e o f filter s y s te m s n o t o n ly p re v e n t clogging o f the filter surfaces b u t a t t
same tim e assure su fficien t c u ltu re ae ratio n an d mixing.
T h e filter syste m o u tl in e d in Fig. 1 was installed in p o ly e th y le n e tanks ( i i o :
6 5 erp) c o n ta in in g a 5 o o litre c u ltu re m e d iu m . Well w ater was p u m p e d into a co n sta
heatf c y lin d e r th a t also a c te d as sa n d filter. F lo w rates to th e individual c u ltu re tan
were a d ju s ted so as t o assure ac c e p ta b le removal o f faecal pellets. W orking w ith a la n
d e n sity o f 10 0 0 0 li tr e -1 c u ltu re w ater, re te n tio n times were k e p t a t 3 h d u rin g t
first w e e k a n d w ere t h e n progressively low e red t o a m i n im u m o f 1 h fro m d a y 10 o
wards. O nce every d a y filters w ere lil ted o u t o f the c u ltu re tan k s a n d cleaned. O n da
3, 6 a n d 9 filter bags w ere ch a n g e d fo r It larger m esh size. Every 5 m in micronizi
rice b r a n su s p e n sio n ( 2 0 g l i tr e -1 NaCT lu lue) was p u m p e d in to the c u ltu re tan k s usii
th e a u to m a tic d is trib u tio n sy s te m d escrib ed in B ossuy t a n d Sorgeloos (1 9 8 0 ) . Feedii
rates were a d ju s te d so as to m a in ta in th e c u ltu re m e d iu m tran sparen cy, measur«
inside the filter sy s te m w ith a m o d ifie d Secchi-disc (B o ss u y t an d Sorgeloos, 198C
w ithin t h e range 1 5 - 2 0 c m d u rin g the first cu ltu rin g w eek an d 2 0 - 2 5 cm d u rin g tl
se c o n d w e e k (S o rg elo os e t a i , 19 82 ). W ate r t e m p e r a t u r e in the c u ltu re tan
f lu c tu a te d b e tw e e n 2 6 a n d 2 7 ° C ,
T he first c u ltu re tes ts w ith th e n ew set-up revealed th a t th e rectangular/funn<
sh ape d filter bag-sy stem is very well su ite d to flo w -th ro u g h cu ltu rin g o f A r te m ia <
rice b ran . P r o d u c t io n results w ith G re a t Salt Lake ( U ta h , USA) A r te m ia , h ow evt
were l o w d u e t o p ro life r a tio n o f filam en to u s bacte ria an d p eritricho us ciliates in tl
low salin ity w aters. Best h aiv es U at th e en d o f the tw o -w ee k cu ltu rin g pe rio d o n
a m o u n t e d t o an e x t r a p o la t e d H kg i n ' 3 (Brisset, 1981).
iuii.nJ I..
L J .
i
iI
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R c.. i ¿W h i ) MÜL HÜM
LATCHAL
S IDF,
view
VIEW
f 1 1te rbaq
f 11ced over
PVC-frame
lile o Í
cu ¡cure
fixed
duration collar
to b o t t o m o f r a c e w a y
(
I . S nui h o l u i )
.
i
1 -------------------------- r
-H -
5S cm
*
Fig. 1.
S c h e m a tic d ia g ra m s o f new filter-systcm s.
P.
C i il:.
In o r d e r to verify the e ffe c t o f low salinity, a last series o f ex p erim en ts was c o n ­
d u c t e d in T u r n h o u t (B elgium) w ith salt e n ric h e d well w ater. Salinity levels in the
c u ltu re tanks were m a in ta in e d a t a b o u t 3 5 p p t b y c o n ti n u o u s ad d itio n o f s atu rate d
N aCl-brine from a Sterling b rin o rn a t ( S p o t t e , 1 970; Sorgeloos e t al., 19 8 2 ) in to the in ­
fl o w ing well w a te r. A r te m ia culture s w e ie n o t c o n ta m in a t e d an y m o re w ith h a rm fu l
floccules a n d high p ro d u c tio n yields were achie ved: i.e. a fte r tw o culturing w eeks in a
50 0 litre ta n k 13 kg live weight pre-adults were h arvested for a total c o n s u m p tio n o f
8 kg m ic ro n iz e d rice bran an d 5 5 m 3 c u ltu re w ate r. E x tra p o la te d to a 1 m 3 ta n k this
m e a n s a p r o d u c t io n c a p a c ity o f 2 5 kg A r te m ia , w hich is c om parab le to th e yields
o b ta i n e d o n S t C roix w ith live algae.
A l th o u g h the p ro d u c t io n results re p o r te d h ere are a b o u t four times higher th a n the
b est figures r e p o r te d for b a tc h c u ltu rin g o f A r te m ia with the sam e inert feed (B ossu yt
a n d Sorg eloo s, 19 81 ), th e y sh o u ld be c o n sid e re d as prelim inary. It is in de ed very likely
t h a t fu r th e r R & D w ith regard to m axim al larval densities, m inim al food dem an d s ,
o p tim a l flow rates, etc., will result in Increased p ro d u c tio n capacities.' Flo w -th ro ug h
c u ltu rin g o f A rte m ia o n ine rt feeds could
recyclin g o f c u ltu re effluents.
fu rth erm o re be intensified b y partial
In c o n c lu s io n , we are con vin ce d that., p io v ld ed che ap sources o f suitable fe ed and
c u l t u r e w a te r are available, industrial p r o d u c t io n o f A rte m ia will b e c o m e a ttra ctiv e for
specific uses o f this high q u a lity anim al pro tain.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
T h e e x is te n c e o f the g e o th e n n a l well In T u r n h o u t was b r o u g h t to o u r a tt e n ti o n by
Mr R. F o b le ts (Brasschaat). Perm ission to run the c u ltu re e x p e rim e n ts w ith th e well
w a te r was o b ta i n e d from the c ity o f T u r n h o u t , w h o f u r th e rm o re pro vid ed technical
facilities d u rin g c o n s t r u c ti o n ami u p u ru tio n o f th e e x p e rim e n ta l facility. Micronized
d e f a t t e d rice bran was m a d e available fo r this research b y NV Nieuw e Molens Brugge
en G e n t. Partial financing fo r this StUily has be en received from the Belgian Ministry o f
th e F lem ish R egion.
HETERENCES
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h i g h d e n s i t i e s . In : T h e U lla e X h tlttl/J A l t e r n i a - 3, e d s. G . P e r s c o n e , P. S o r g e lo o s , O . R o e l s &
E . J a s p e r s . U n iv e rs a I'n-’M, W r l l c m i , |i|l. 1 J 3 - 5 2 .
B o s s u y t , E. & S o r g e lm i» , I', ( F r i l l ) h u ll ll p r o d u c t i o n o f a d u l t A r te m ia in 2 m * a n d 5 m 1 airw a t e r - l i f t o p e r u t e d r iu m v n y s, f m i l l ( ' o n t r i b u t e d p a p e r s ( p o s t e r s e s s i o n ), W orld C o n fe r e n c e
o n A q u a c u ltu r e , V e n ic e , h il l i 1. 21 *M S e p te m b e r , 1 9 8 1 . p o s t e r N o. 17
B r i s s e t , P. ( 1 9 8 1 ) , Toi Intii|tin d ’r l ' viig« e n m ass e d ’u n C r u s t a c é B r a n c h i o p o d e (A r t e m i a ) s u r
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A rtem ia
c u l t u r i n g in c o n t i n u o u s l y
r e n e w e d m edium
119
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Sp
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