ICTs to Reduce Energy
Consumption & GHG
Emissions
Cairo, 2010-11-02
Richard Labelle (rlab@sympatico.ca),
Consultant, ITU
Sam Gouda, Creara International,
Consultant, ITU (sgouda@crearaintl.com)
OBJECTIVES
• Outline role of ICTs in reducing energy
consumption & limiting GHG emissions
• Opportunities for using ICTs for this in
Egypt in the built environment:
- Identify the role of ICT in EE & GHG reduction
in Egypt (rapid assessment)
- Study applicable & viable EE measures in
buildings (analyze 2 buildings)
- Assess role of ICTs for smart grid and DSM in
Egypt
EARTH ! WE HAVE A PROBLEM
• Most energy comes from fossil fuels:
coal & oil
- Pollution & GHG emissions
- Subsidized in Egypt & in many non OECD countries
- Subject to C tax? Investors are wary!
• Energy demand could outstrip fossil fuel
production
- We use ~ 3 CMO/yr in 2010  ~ 9 CMO by 2050 if
BAU
- If BAU (i.e. 2.6%/yr): E use in next 50 years = 3 x E
use in past 150 yrs
- If eco scenario (grow & green): E use in next 50 yrs =
2 x E use in all of 20th Century
Crane, H.D., E. M. Kinderman & R. Malhotra. 2010. A cubic mile of oil. Realities and
options for averting the looming global energy crisis. Oxford University Press, New York,
297 pp.
EARTH ! WE HAVE A PROBLEM
• Rising CO2 levels: global tipping point
- If > 2 % warming  Possible irreversible change!
-
Melting of Greenland ice sheet
Large scale weather system shifts
Collapse of global current system
Release of natural GHG stores (CH4, etc.)
• Only technologies with sufficient capacity for
lasting increases in E supply
- Solar (thermal) & wind
- Nuclear
- Both will take several years to ramp up to meet
present demand, let alone future demand (See Cubic
mile of oil)
POWER AVALABILITY
The Challenges
Power Availability
• Can we catch up with the
increased demand?
POWER AVALABILITY
The Challenges
Power Availability
• How much blackouts are you
personally willing to take?
• What effect lack of electric power will
have on economic development?
• Example from experience in another
country
• History lessons learnt from Egypt
Technical Idea: Sam Gouda & Nader Tadros; Artistic Idea: Golo
GLOBAL SOLUTIONS
• Energy efficiency
- Needed everywhere
• Energy conservation
- For industrialized countries now
- For developing countries via tech transfer / IDA
• Pricing carbon
• Cleantech R&D
- USD 162 B in 2009 to USD 200 B in 2010
- A global Green Growth Marshall Plan
- Agreement on plan & funding at COP16, COP17, etc.
ENERGY EFFECIENCY – WHY IMPORTANT?
Segar, C. 2009. International energy co-operation and global energy security. International
Energy Agency (IEA). Session on “Ensuring the sustainability of energy supply chain”,
Conference on Strengthening Energy Security in the OSCE area, Bratislava, 6 – 7 July
2009.. PowerPoint presentation. http://www.osce.org/documents/eea/2009/07/38666_en.pdf
ENERGY EFFECIENCY – WHY MAKES SENCE?
Technical Idea: Eman Mandour & Nader Tadros; Artistic Idea: Golo
BACKGROUND
The Challenges
GHG Emissions
1. Electricity Generation is the Largest
contributor of GHG emissions - 33%
2. Transportation is second 27.2%
Source: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/egync2.pdf
3. Industry is Third 27%
ICT – GREATEST IMPACT
• ICTs can have the greatest impact :
- Energy generation, transmission/distribution and use:
- Smart grids – integrate alternative E; Efficient
- On the use side: in controlling variable rate motors (smart
motor systems)
- Smart buildings, smart industrial processes
- Smart logistics & transportation
- Dematerialization
- Smart cities: bringing it all together in a sustainable human
ecosystem
• 40 % of energy consumption comes from buildings
(commercial & residential)
- HVAC & lighting
• 75 % of the people live in cities
National Information Society Agency, Korea.
THE ROLE OF ICT
Take DSM Further
Smart Grid
Applications
• Applying sensing, measurement and control devices with
two-way communications to electricity production,
transmission, distribution and consumption
• Link grid condition to system users, making it possible to
dynamically respond to changes in grid condition.
• Includes an intelligent monitoring system that keeps track
of all electricity flowing in the system
• Capability of integrating renewable electricity such as
solar and wind
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THE ROLE OF ICT
What Does a Smart Grid Do? Three Categories
Delivery Optimization
Demand Optimization
Asset Optimization
Improve the efficiency and reliability of the delivery
systems.
Empower the end consumer to reduce consumption
Manage the evolving demand and supply equation along
the distribution feeder
Application monitoring and diagnostic technologies to help
manage the health, extend the useful life and to reduce
the risk of catastrophic failure of electrical infrastructure.
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SMART GRID MODEL
…http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/segis.html
SMART GRID BENIFITS
- Reliability
- Security against (cyber) attacks / disasters
- Ease of repair (remote repair)
- Increased info to consumers about E use
- Increased E efficiency
- Integration of alternative energy resources
- Integration of plug-in vehicles
- Reduction of peak demand (demand side
management)
- Lower capital costs than alternative energy
- Significant ROI: according to EIA
Key technologies for the
smart grid
SMART GRID – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
From GeSi Smart 2020 report. OECD. 2009. Smart Sensor Networks: Technologies and
Applications for Green Growth. Dec. 2009. OECD, Paris, 48 pp.
SMART GRID – CO2 REDUCTION POTENTIAL
From GeSi Smart 2020 report. OECD. 2009. Smart Sensor Networks: Technologies and
Applications for Green Growth. Dec. 2009. OECD, Paris, 48 pp.
Potential Solutions – Energy Efficiency
Scope of energy efficiency: examples
Buildings
Technical Measures
• Lighting retrofit – T8, T5, Electronic Ballasts, LED
technology
• Reduce Run Time of Major HVAC equipment
• Demand Controlled Ventilation
• Lighting Controls – Timers and occupancy controls
• Enthalpy Economizer
• Day Lighting
• Chilled / Condenser Water Reset
• Lighting Reconfiguration
• Convert CAV Air Handling System to VAV
• Energy-Efficient Motors
• Occupancy Sensor Control of HVAC
• Motor Variable Speed Drives
• Replacement with High Efficiency Units
• Equipment Sequencing
• Variable Flow Pumping
• Proper sizing
• Cogeneration
Behavioral Measures
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SMART BUILDINGS – TRENDS
• BIM: for building design
- Reduce energy consumption by making best use of
environmental inputs: solar energy capture, passive
heating, micro climate, wind, micro hydro, etc.
- Efficient construction workflow
- New buildings & retrofits
- Select materials based on cost, env. impact,
insulating / radiative qualities, etc.
- The USA GSA requires BIM as a necessary step in
designing buildings with energy and
sustainability one of the key design
considerations
- Building designers and architects are supportive
LIGHTING – Energy Efficiency LIVE!!
• Anyone there?
• Library?
• Technology?
• Fixtures?
LIGHTING – Energy Efficiency LIVE!!
• Lighting Retrofit – Use of
electronic Ballasts – 20% 30%
• Lighting Demand based
control -10%
- Occupancy
- Daylight Dimming
HVAC – Energy Efficiency LIVE!!
• BMS FOR HVAC?
Ventilation Demand based
control CO2 sensors
Fan coil units occupancy
control
• Alarm?
• CONTROL
CENTRAL
CHILLER PLANT
BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES
• Lack of awareness
• Lack of knowledge
• Lack of standards
• The nature of activity
that powers the
economy
• Will rural dwellers
benefit?
• Energy subsidies
• Cost
• May lead to increase
in GHG emissions
initially
THANK YOU
Confused?
Ask Questions
Please
Share of different sectors in total anthropogenic GHG emissions
(CO2-eq) IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report.
BACKGROUND
Background and problem definition
• Energy consumption increased from 35.3 Metric Ton of Oil Equivalent (mtoe) in 1995 to 69 mtoe in 2007
• In 2020 Energy consumption is projected to be 130 mtoe – Almost double AGAIN !!!!
• Electricity generation – Mostly generated from fossil fuels - High Dam less than 10%
• Blackouts in summer – remember how Blackouts affected you during the holy month of Ramadan early
this year
• GHG emissions increased from 84 tons of CO2 in 1995 to 160 tons of CO2 in 2007
• Weather data collected for the period 1961- 2000 indicate a general trend towards:
• warming of the air temperature,
• increases in the number of hazy days and misty days, turbidity of the atmosphere, frequency of
sand storms and hot days
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