International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
Remote Tracking and Breaking System for
Vehicles
P. Rohitha, P. Ranjeet Kumarm, K.Anjaneylu , Prof.T.Venkat Narayana Rao
Student, B.Tech Final Year , E.E.C, , KKR & KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences
Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P, INDIA
Student, B.Tech II Year, C.S.E, KKR & KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences
Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P, INDIA
Asst Professor, E.C.E, KKR & KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences
Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P, INDIA
Professor, C.S.E, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, R.R District, Hyderabad, A.P, INDIA
Abstract— The recent world is reeling under a immense traffic
in both rural and urban cities. Here in this paper we have
proposed to control the traffic issue presently observed in cities
dealing large population and inadequate infrastructure. Now a
days road safety enforcement and traffic regulation is very
difficult. To overcome this problem the interface is designed in
this paper is cost effective, efficient and easy to implement on
already existing vehicles. Consider a city or town, which is
divided into physical zones, which are classified according to
different speed ranges. A transmitter is placed at all exit and
entry points of the interface of zones that transmits a message
signal at carrier frequency, indicating the upper limit value of the
zone speed range into which the vehicle is entering at that
moment. The receiver, which gives the message as an input to a
preprogrammed microcontroller, embedded within the
automobile, which compares the speed of the vehicle measured
by a sensor at the maximum allowable speed and automatically
regulates the speed of the vehicle. The speed of the vehicle can be
varied by varying the “duty cycle” of the pulse input. The entire
system is a low cost variable electronic speed governor, small and
easy to assemble onto an existing vehicle without disturbing its
present arrangement.
Keywords: Zones, Microcontroller, transmitter, receiver, speed.
by using a suitable capacitive filter. The constant voltage is
provided using a voltage regulator 7805 for +5V and 7812
for +12V.
II. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
A.
Block Diagram of Zone Section.
The zone section is described in the following figure1.
Comprising
of
power
supply,
Display,
inputs,
Microprocessor AT89852 along with encoder and out device.
I. INTRODUCTION
In this paper, we are concerned of providing a Tracking and
breaking system for vehicles with the help of some obstacle
detecting sensors used to detect the vehicle. It detects the
vehicle when it enters the zone and automatically controls the
speed of the vehicle. This paper consists of two sections. The
transmitter section consists of an IR sensor, a motor a micro
controller and a RF encoder, RF transmitter module. IR
sensor, which is used for detecting the vehicle. If any vehicle
enters the zone, IR sensors present at the zone section detects
the vehicle and controls the speed until it leaves the zone.
This system can be implemented on an already existing
vehicle. Present paper is designed using AT89S52
microcontroller to develop an anti-theft system for museums
and jewelry shops [1]. The incoming 230V A.C (Alternate
Current). power is step down to 12V using a transformer.
The A.C power is converted into pulsating dc using a bridge
rectifier. The pulsating components or ripples are removed
FIG1:BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ZONE SECTION
B.VEHICLE SECTION
The vehicle section is described in figure2and Figure3.
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



Microcontroller is a microprocessor designed
especially for controlled applications and is equipped
with ROM, RAM and I/O on a single chip.
Encoder simply HT12E Converts parallel inputs in to
Serial outputs. It encodes 12-Bit parallel data in to
serial for transmission through RF transmitter. These
12-bits are divided in to 8 address bits and 4 data bits.
LCD Display LCD Modules can present textual
information to user. It’s like a cheap “monitor” that
you can hook in all of your gadgets. They come in
various types [3]. The most popular one is 16x2 LCD
Module. It has 2 rows and 16 columns.
RF Transmitter The RF module, as the name
suggests, operates at Radio Frequency. The
corresponding frequency range varies between 30
kHz & 300 GHz.

infrared light of the transmitter strikes the object to
be detected and is reflected in a diffuse way. Part of
the reflected light strikes the receiver and starts the
switching operation.
FIG3 : IC- PIN DIAGRAM




FIG2: B LOCK DIAGRAM OF VEHICLE SECTION



Power Supply: This paper uses regulated 5V,
operating
frequency
11.09MHz,500mA
powersupply,7805 three terminal voltage regulator is
used for voltage regulation.
IR Transmitter And Receiver: Infrared (IR) radiation
is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.IR
wavelengths are usually expressed in microns, with
the lR spectrum extending from 0.7 to 1000microns.
Transmitter and receiver are incorporated in a single
housing. The modulated infrared light of the
transmitter strikes the object to be detected and is
reflected in a diffuse way. Part of the reflected light
strikes the receiver and starts the switching operation
RF Receiver: Transmitter and receiver are
incorporated in a single housing. The modulated


Decoder: In simple terms, HT12D converts the serial
input into parallel outputs. It decodes the serial
addresses and data received by, say, an RF receiver,
into parallel data and sends them to output data pins
Motor Driver: A system consists of elector motor
and accessory parts, used to power supply . In this
case we use 12 V range.
Pin Diagram: The AT89S52 is a 40 pin IC with Dual
In line package. There are 4 ports P0,P1,P2 and P3
with 32 I/O Pin as shown in the figure 3.
Pin description: - VCC: Supply voltage, GND:
Ground.
Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port.
As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL
inputs. When one’s are written to port 0 pins, the pins
can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 may
also be configured to be the multiplexed low order
address/data bus during accesses to external program
and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pullups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash
programming, and outputs the code bytes during
program verification. External pull-ups are required
during program verification [2].
Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal
pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source
four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins
they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can
be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL)
because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
the low-order address bytes
programming and verification.
during
Flash

Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal
pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source
four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins
they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can
be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL)
because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the
high-order address byte during fetches from external
program memory and during accesses to external data
memories that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX
@DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal
pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to
external data memories that use 8-bit addresses
(MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2
Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the
high-order address bits and some control signals
during Flash programming and verification.

Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal
pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source
four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins
they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can
be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL)
because of the pull-ups.
For example a 5V regulated power supply system is
shown in the figure 4.
The transformer shown in the figure5 is an electrical
device which is used to convert electrical power from one
Electrical circuit to another without change in frequency.
Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to
another with little loss of power. Transformers work only
with AC and this is one of the reasons why mains
electricity is AC. Step-up transformers increase in output
voltage, step-down transformers decrease in output
voltage. Most power supplies use a step-down transformer
to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage to a safer low
voltage. The input coil is called the primary and the
output coil is called the secondary.
FIG 5: ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER

Rectifier:
As shown in figure 6 a circuit which is used to convert a.c
to dc is known as Rectifier. The process of conversion a.c
to d.c is called “rectification”
FIG 4 :COMPONENTS OF A TYPICAL POWER SUPPLY
The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage
AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for
electronic circuits and other devices. A power supply can
by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which
performs a particular function. A d.c power supply which
maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of a.c
mains fluctuations or load variations is known as
“Regulated D.C Power Supply”
FIG 6: RECTIFIER

Filter: A Filter is a device which removes the a.c
component of rectifier output but allows the d.c
component to reach the load.
 Regulator: Voltage regulator, shown in the figure 6.
 ICs is available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V)
or variable output voltages.
The maximum current they can pass also rates them.
Negative voltage regulators are available, mainly for use in
dual supplies [4]. Most regulators include some automatic
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
protection from excessive current ('overload protection')
and overheating ('thermal protection'). Many of the fixed
voltage regulator ICs have 3 leads and look like power
transistors, such as the 7805 +5V 1A regulator shown on
the right. The LM7805 is simple to use. You simply
connect the positive lead of your unregulated DC power
supply (anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the Input pin,
connect the negative lead to the Common pin and then
when you turn on the power, you get a 5 volt supply from
the output pin, shown in figure 7.
FIG7: A THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR
III. IMPLEMENTATION
The design tools and programming software used for the
implementation are as follows.
-Design tool – Proteus
-Software programmer – Keil software
The program is written in the embedded c language. It is
stored in the internal memory of the microcontroller. The
KEIL compiler is used for the execution of the program. It
will be tested on proteus software by dumping program into
microcontroller.
The steps included in this are
This paper is mainly concerned with tracking the zone and
breaking the vehicle speed with the help of microcontroller, IR
sensor, lcd display, RF transmitter and receiver. It deals with
two sections. One is zone section and the other one is vehicle
section [4].
To employee this system we have to place a vehicle section
inside the vehicle. This should be done during manufacturing
of vehicle. However this can be implemented on an already
existing vehicles. The IR transmitter detects the vehicle when
entered and stops transmissions to receiver which indicates
that the vehicle has been detected. Thus limits speed of that
vehicle to fixed range. when the vehicle leaves the zone it
automatically gains its previous speed. The lcd display at the
transmitter section are employed to display the mode in which
it operates.
Algorithm for Zone Section
Step 1: Assign the header files reg51.h and lcd.h
Step 2: The single bits are assigned to the ports by the IR
sensors.
Step 3: The LCD commands are assigned for displaying
purpose and a delay is 1000ms is assigned.
Step 4: The conditions are verified by using while
statements as if(ir1==0 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 &&
ir4==1). If the statement is true then LCD displays zone1
entered.
Step 5: Similarly the while conditions are verified as
else if(ir1==1 && ir2==0 && ir3==1 && ir4==1 &&\
f1==0) LCD displays as zone1 exit else
if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==0 && ir4==1)
LCD displays as zone2 entered
else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 && ir4==0 &&
f2==0) LCD displays as zone2 exit.
else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 && ir4==1 &&
f1==1&&f2==1)LCD. displays as normal mode.
Algorithm for Vehicle Section
Step 1: Assign the header files reg51.h and lcd.h
Step 2: The single bits are assigned to the ports by the IR
sensors.
Step 3: The LCD commands are assigned for displaying
purpose and a delay is 1000ms is assigned.
Step 4: The conditions are verified by using while
statements as:
\ if(ir1==0 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 && ir4==1)
If the statement is true then LCD displays zone1.
Step 5: Similarly the while conditions are verified as
if(ir1==1 && ir2==0 && ir3==1 && ir4==1 && f1==0)
LCD displays as zone1 exit
else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==0 && ir4==1)
LCD displays as zone2 entered else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1
&& ir3==1 && ir4==0 && f2==0) LCD displays as
zone2 exit else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 &&
ir4==1 && f1==1 && f2==1 ) LCD show normal mode
A. Experimental Readings/Findings
The experimental readings for this are as listed in table1.
TABLE I.EXPERIMENTAL READINGS
DEVICE
RANGE
Power supply
IC
Encoder
5V
40 pin
12-bits are Divided in to 8 address bits
and 4 data bits
LCD DISPLAY
RF
TRANSMITTER
POWER
SUPPLY
PORT 0
16x2 LCD Module
between 30 kHz & 300 GHz
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
8-bit bi-directional I/O port
8-bit bi-directional I/O port
8-bit bi-directional I/O port
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Operating-frequency
11.09MHz,500mA
8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES[KITS], vinjanampadu,
Guntur, AP, INDIA.
B. Testing
The components power supply, microcontroller, IR sensor,
lcd display, RF transmitter and receiver, door control system
and switch are placed on a PCB and the connection are made
as per the circuit diagram. Now if we place the vehicle
between IR sensors it detects the vehicle presence and sends
data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller sends the
data to the RF encoder, it then encodes the message and
transmits through the RF transmitter to the receiver section
[5].
The RF receiver receives the information through RF
communication, then decodes the message using the RF
decoder and then gives it to the microcontroller. It then send
the data to vehicle section and lcd display.
C. Result of Implementation
Whenever we place the vehicle before the IR sensor, it
detects the vehicle presence and sends the data to the
microcontroller, which in turn sends it to the RF encoder.
The RF encoder encodes the message and sends it to the RF
transmitter. The RF receiver receives the data through RF
communication, then it decodes the message and sends it to
the microcontroller. The microcontroller passes it to the
vehicle section and the lcd display. Finally the vehicle
section and lcd display responds to the message transmitted
to them and limits speed [6].
#3. P. Ranjeet Kumar is Pursuing B.Tech Second year in
Computer Science Engineering from KKR & KSR Institute of
Technology and Sciences [KITS], Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P,
INDIA, and Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University (JNTU) , Kakinada, A.P, India.He has published 2
papers in International journals and has participated in many
workshops, seminars has won in technical competitions like
poster presentation and quizzes.
CONCLUSION
[1] M. Enzweiler and D. M. Gavrila, “Monocular pedestrian detection:
Survey and experiments,” IEEE Trans. on PAMI, vol. 31, no. 12, pp.
2179–2195, 2009.
[2] S. Munder, C. Schn¨orr, and D. M. Gavrila, “Pedestrian detection and
tracking using a mixture of view-based shape-texture models,” IEEE
Trans. on ITS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 333–343, 2008.
[3] A. Broggi et al., “Scenario-driven search for pedestrians aimed at
triggering non-reversible systems,” in Proc. of the IEEE IV, 2009, pp.
285–291.
[4] R. Isermann, M. Schorn, and U. St¨ahlin, “Anticollision system
proreta
with automatic braking and steering,” Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 46,
pp. 683 – 694, 2008.
[5] C. Rabe, U. Franke, and S. Gehrig, “Fast detection of moving objects
in complex scenarios,” in Proc. of the IEEE IV, 2007, pp. 398–403.
[6] C. Tomasi and T. Kanade, “Detection and tracking of point features,”
Tech. Rep. CMU-CS-91-132, 1991.
“Tracking And Breaking System For Vehicles” has been
successfully designed and tested. And it can be used without
any manual involvement. It has been developed by
integrating features of all the hardware components used.
Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed
carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit.
Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of
growing technology the paper has been successfully
implemented.
#1. P. Rohitha is Pursuing B.Tech Fourth year in Electronics and
Communication Engineering from KKR & KSR Institute of
Technology and Sciences [KITS], Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P,
INDIA, and Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
(JNTU) , Kakinada, A.P, India. She has published 4 papers in
international Journals and has won many prizes in techno fests and
other contests.
#4.Prof. T.Venkat Narayana Rao, received B.E in Computer
Technology and Engineering from Nagpur University, Nagpur,
India, M.B.A (Systems), holds a M.Tech in Computer Science
and engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University, Hyderabad, A.P., India and a Research Scholar in
JNTU. He has 21 years of vast experience in Computer Science
and Engineering areas pertaining to academics and industry
related I.T issues. He is presently Professor , Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Institutions
Technical Campus , R.R District , A.P, INDIA. He is nominated
as an Editor and Reviewer to 28 International journals and
published 38 papers relating to Computer Science and
Information Technology. He is currently working on research
areas which include Digital Image Processing, Digital
Watermarking, Data Mining, Network Security and other
emerging areas of Information Technology. He can be reached at
tvnrbobby@yahoo.com
REFERENCES
#2. Asst Professor K.Anjaneylu received B.E in
Electronics and Communication Engineering from Acharya
Nagarjuna University, India, holds a M.Tech in Electronics and
Communication Engineering from Acharya Nagarjuna
University. He has 5 years of vast experience in Electronics and
Communication Engineering areas. He is presently persuing his
Ph.D from Acharya Nagarjuna University. Presently he is
working as the Assistant Professor at KKR & KSR INSTITUTE
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