International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
Experimental study & Analysis of solar dryer using of PV Cell & electric fan.
KAMLESH KUMAR TEKAM
ME IVth Semester student
Jabalpur engg. College, Jabalpur
Dr. Bhupendra Gupta
Assistant Prof. Jabalpur engg.college, Jabalpur.
ABSTRACT
The mostly requirement of solar dryer in
small scale agricultural equipment to expand the
productivity and fulfill the quality control demand.
As a response for this demand. As a modular solar
dryer was developed and mostly required the quality
saving with renewable energy. The quality saving
with renewable energy. Consuming power of electric
fan are obtain by the PV cell .some measuring result
are presented for drying of apple. This paper gives
the various range and parameter like. Air Collector
size, material, glass wide, inlet pipe, outlet pipe,
electric fan DC exhaust fan, PV panel, Aux
transformer, battery, dry chamber this paper also
give the experimental approach of model.
Key word- Solar energy , Air Collector electric fan
DC exhaust fan, PV panel
Introduction- Sun drying of fruits or crops is most
wide spread of food preservation. They have same
drawbacks relating to the traditional method of
drying ie. Spreading the crop in thin layers on mats.
The solar radiation intercity outside the atmosphere is
in average 1360 W/m2 ( solar Constant) when the
solar radiation penetrates through the atmospheres
same of the radiation is last so that on a clear sky
sunny day in summer between 800 to 1000w/m2 .
Processes during solar dryer – During solar dryer
heat is transferred by convection from the
surrounding air and by absorption of direct and
diffuse radiation on the surface of the foods. The
convert heat is portly conducted to the interior
increasing the temp. of the foods and portly used for
effecting migration of water and vapor from the
enterer to the surface.
under ambient condition, these processes continue
until the vapor pressure of the moisture hold in the
product equal that held in the atmosphere. thus the
rate of moisture desorption from the product to the
environment and absorption from the environment
are in equilibrium moisture content. under ambient
conditions the drying process is slow, and in
environments of the relative humidity, the
equilibrium moisture content is insufficient low for
safe storages.
Classification of solar dryers To classified the
various type of solar dryers, It is necessary to simply
the complex constructions and various modes of
operation to the basic principles, solar dryers can be
classified based on the following criteria.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mode of air movement.
Exposure to insulation.
Direction of air flow
Arrangement of the dryer.
Status of solar contribution.
Experimental setup
The force convection indirect solar drying
has been designed and fabricated which is shown in
fig. The system has two main parts as heat collector
unit and food dryer chamber. The food dryer chamber
made of the aluminum pipe and closed fitted by
round pipe and aluminum pipe and aluminum plate
which was point with black color sealed well by
using silicone sealant A pipe is connected the two
major port as solar dryer and food drying chamber
with the help of Electric motor, which is run by the
directly from PV cell .It was used to let the smoother
air flow in/out of the food drying chamber.
The heat collator unit is constructing with
the help of glass cover, Tin box with block painted
and glass thickness has 5mm.
a PV module with the maximum power of 2x20 W
and an electrical fan for artificial air circulation. The
PV panel is installed in the front side of the dryer
with changeable elevation angle. suitable to the
different angle of the sunshine in the different periods
of the year. Two switches make possible that the fan
use the half or the whole power of the PV panel.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
For the better energy reception a perforated plastic
absorber plate was installed on the half height of the
collector body.
Because of the modular construction of the dryer it
can be operated in different modes:
- artificial ventilation of ambient air when the PV
module is applied;
- artificial ventilation of the drying air preheated by a
solar air collector;
Table 1 -Using component in a solar dryer system
with dimension.
Sr.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Name of component with size
Glass cover L = 2m ,
T=5mm
W=0.5m
Air solar collector L=2m
W= 0.5m
T=0.2m
Inlet pipe size in air solar collector D=25.5m
L=155mm
Out let pipe size in air solar collector
D=35mm L=170mm
PV cell for electric fan 2x20w v=12v DC
Food Dryer Chamber
L=200mm
W=200mm H=2x90mm
Fig .2.of dryer chamber
Fig.3. of solar dryer system
Result and DiscussionFig. 1. of pv cell
First step the natural convection was investigated due
to the incoming solar radiation. In the applied model
the collector was considered as a simple tube and in
case of the low air speed of the natural convection the
air flow is considered to be stationer. For the j = pv
mass current density, for the p + jv impulse current
density and for the
= w +0.5v^2
(1)
energy current density the next equations has to be
true:
ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
where a and b are the width and height of the
collector, p is the air density and v is the inlet air
speed. The heat absorbed by the air can be calculated
for the mass as
(2)
Q
(p+jv) = 0,
=
m
(10)
(3)
where cp is the isobar specific heat of the air. Putting
back these quantities to the term of the heat, the
power of the collector can be calculated as
P= P=
(4)
From these equations using the term of
(11)
w=
(5)
for the enthalpy the following results can be achieved
for the velocity, pressure and temperature change of
the air flow in the solar heated collector:
Calculating P with the known value of cr, p and the
measured value of a = 0.5 m, b = 0.2 m,
Before change in parameter and equipment in
solar dryer system
v = 5 cm/s
T1= 22Degree C. , T2= 40Degree C. ,
T1= 295K , T2= 313K
Difference in Temperatures = 18K
P= 115W
On the other hand using the specific energy income
as Pspec = 300 W/m2 in the time of the measurement
the income power of the collector is Pin = Pspec A =
324 W. ,Where A= 1.08
So, the efficiency of the collector during the
measurement was
ή = P/Pin =115/324 = 35.5 %
(6), (7) ,(8)
The values of inlet heat can be calculated from the
solar radiation. In a typical summer day when the
inlet air speed is about 5 cm/s due to the natural
ventilation Av= 4 cm/s and AT = 18 K, Pressure
difference is negligible.
The effrciencv of the solar collector
The efficiency of the solar radiation-heat conversion
was calculated based on the measured data. The mass
of the flowing air into the drier during a time period f
can be calculated as:
m=ρ a b v t,
After change in parameter and equipment in solar
dryer system
v = 5.8 cm/s
T1= 22Degree C. , T2= 41Degree C.
T1= 295K , T2= 314K
Difference in Temperatures = 19K
P= 140.81W
On the other hand using the specific energy income
as Pspec = 300 W/m2 in the time of the measurement
the income power of the collector is Pin = Pspec A =
324 W. ,Where A= 1.08
So, the efficiency of the collector during the
measurement was
ή = P/Pin =140.81/324 = 43.46 %
(9)
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
Fig.4.Relative airflow distribution at the inlet of
the dryer
Fig. 5
Before change in parameter and equipment in
solar dryer system
Table. 2
Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Time in H
0
5
9
20
30
40
50
Temp. in Degree C
40
38
34
31
28
25
22
Table. 3
Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Time in H
0
5
9
20
30
40
50
Moisture in %
59
50
49
42
40
35
30
Fig 6
After change in parameter and equipment in solar
dryer system
Table. 4
Sr.No.
Time in H
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
5
9
20
30
40
50
ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org
Moisture in
%
59
51
48
43
42
32
15
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013
solar dryer system is capable of dehydration of the
apples as well as most of the agricultural products.
The moisture content was reduced from 59 to 15%
in50 h for the open sun drying, whereas the solar
tunnel dryer took only 50h. Depending on weather
conditions, solar dryer system resulted in a reduction
in the drying time to an extent of 43.46% in
comparison to open sun drying. In addition, the
samples of solar tunnel dryer were completely
protected from insects, birds, rain and dusts.
Fig . 7
References
Table. 5
Sr.No.
Time in
H
Temp. in
Degree C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
5
9
20
30
40
50
41
38
34
32
29
24
21
1-EXPERIMENTS ON A NEW SMALL-SCALE
SOLARDRYER, Cigdem Tiris, Etl , 4pplied Thermal
EngineeringVol. 16, No. 2, pp. 183-187, 1996
2-Drying of hot chilli using solar tunnel drier M.A.
Hossain a Etl , science direct Solar Energy 81 (2007)
85–92
3- Performance of a solar dryer with limited sun
tracking capability Gikuru Mwithiga Etl , science
direct Journal of Food Engineering 74 (2006) 247–
252
4-Experimental study of regenerative desiccant
integrated solar dryer with and without reflective
mirror V. Shanmugam Etl , science direct Applied
Thermal Engineering 27 (2007) 1543–1551
5-ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
OF A MODULAR SOLAR DRYER
I. FARKAS. Etl , Renewable Energy 16 (1999) 773778
6- Non Conventional Energy Source by G.D.Rai
7- Thermal engineering by MAHESH M ROTHORE
8-Heat and mass transfer by ER. R.K. RAJPUT
9- Thermal engineering by . R.K. RAJPUT
Fig . 8
Conclusions
This proper is present summery of the experimental
study & Analysis of solar dryer using of PV cell &
electric fan and also the summery of various range
parameter like air size, material, glass wide, inlet
pipe ,electric fan, DC exhaust form. The developed
ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org
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