International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 4- March 2016
Spectroscopy Amplifier
Prerna Kumbhar, Ritika K. Oswal, Harshal Rawal, Abhishek Jain, Dr. D.K. Shedge
Department of Electronics Engineering
AISSMS’S Institute of Information Technology Pune, Maharashtra, India
Abstract— Protection from the harmful radiation is
top most safety priority for any organization all
around the world. The paper illustrates .A sixteen
channel programmable spectroscopy amplifier
having high performances has been developed to
answer the demanding of nuclear experiments.
Housed in single width NIM unit, the module is fully
programmable through a special interface. Usually
in nuclear experiments. Micro controller based
system which displays measured value on LCD.
Micro
Radiation energy spectra can be categorized into
two main groups: those that consist of one or more
discrete energies (line spectra) and those that consist
of broad distribution of energies (continuous spectra)
[1].
The emission of atomic and nuclear radiation
obeys the rules of quantum theory. Thus , one can
only talk about the probability that a reaction will
take place or that a particles emitted by a nuclear
reaction, that number is not constant in time, it has a
statistical uncertainty because of the probabilistic
nature of the phenomena under study[3].
I. INTRODUCTION
The cruel reality of today’s world forces mankind
to be alert and prepared for all kinds of terrorist
threats, including exposure to radiation. There is
need for cost effective measurement devices [6].
The module has 16 independent channels and it
accepts the typical signals generated from tale pulse
generator connected to pre-amplifiers. For each
channel, the pole zero compensation, the shaping
time constant, the fine gain, the coarse gain values
are programmed [4].
Keywords — Spectroscopy
Controller, NIM unit
amplifier,
Table: Maximum Energy Considered
Particle
ɑ
β
ɤ
ɳ
Heavy ions
Energy(MeV)
20
10
20
20
100
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fig: Radiation sources and Relative percentage [7]
Ionizing Radiation has been studied very
intensively for more than a century compared with
many things which influence human health, it is well
understood scientifically. The main internationally
recognized authority on ionizing radiation
(UNSCEAR), set up in 1995. Its mandate is to assess
and report levels and effects of exposure to ionizing
radiation [7]. Intensive research first with silicon and
then with the Germanium resulted in detectors
suitable for gamma and X-ray spectrometry having
resolving powers at low photon energies
intermediate between those proportional counter and
crystal dispersion techniques[2].
ISSN: 2231-5381
A.
System Description:
The system is broken down into major
blocks: linear power supply, micro controller, signal
conditioning, input peripheral and output peripheral.
Figure shows each block’s relation to one another
and to the project as a whole.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 4- March 2016
Fig: Block diagram of spectroscopy amplifier.
This is hardware design of Spectroscopy amplifier
which has functionality of measuring the detected
radiations. The input to the system is given through
the tail pulse generator, there are various parameters
like ULD, LLD, gain, etc. values which are settable
and these values are given to the system using
keypad interface. The output that is the count of the
radiation is displayed on the LCD which is
interfaced with the PIC micro-controller.
B.
.Fig: Baseline Restorer
Circuit Description
The Spectroscopy Amplifier is divided into
different modules:
Fig: Single channel analyzer
C. Hardware Description
I.
Fig: Amplifier
ISSN: 2231-5381
Pole
Zero
Compensation:
the
pulse
bombardment from the detector causes the pileup the pulse duration time should be decreased
in the main amplifier so that the voltage
baseline is not saturated. To prevent this, a
differentiator i.e., a pole-zero compensator is
used.
II. Shaping circuit: In order to increase the
performance of a nuclear spectrometer and to
reach high counting rate, shaping is required.
III. Baseline restorer: Reason for baseline shift is
the AC couplage usage between each
operational division of the amplifier’s circuit
during the pulse processing. Distorted part is
rejected by BLR circuit. Thus, the pulses
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 4- March 2016
whose amplitudes do not distort and are
proportional to the particle energies are
obtained.
IV. Single channel analyzer: It acts as a window
comparator. Single channel analyzer produces
output only if the peak amplitude of its input
signal falls within the pulse height window that
is established with two preset threshold levels.
V. PIC 18 F4620 Micro controller counts the TTL
pulses as per the function setting and are
converted to engineering units and displayed
on LCD.
VI. Peripherals: Keypad is used as a input blog, it
consist of 4 press keys namely: Menu, Shift,
Arrow, Enter keys. Shift and arrow keys can
also perform acknowledgment and reset
operation respectively.
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
International Atomic Energy Agency. “Nuclear Power
Worldwide: Status and Outlook” IAEA Press Releases, 23
Oct 2007.
World Nuclear Association. “Fukushima Accident 2011”.
April 2012.http://www.worldnuclear.org/info//fukushima
accident inf 129.html
www.researchgate.net/publication/224350785-A-FullyProgrammable-16
channel-spectroscopy-Amplifier-in-asingle-NIM-Unit
World Nuclear Association. “Nuclear Radiation and Health
Effects”,
November
2011.
http://www.worldnuclear.org/info/inf05.html.
BIOGRAPHIES
Prerna Kumbhar, Final year B.E.
Electronics student of Savitribai
Phule, University of Pune and All
India Shri Shivaji Memorial
Society’s Institute of Information
Technology, member of IETE.
D. Display
16 x 4 liquid crystal display (LCD) is used to
display the counted value. LCD displays the CPS
count, gain, ULD and LLD values.
Ritika Oswal, Final year B.E.
Electronics student of Savitribai
Phule, University of Pune and All
India Shri Shivaji Memorial
Society’s Institute of Information
Technology, member of IETE.
E. Software
For programming part in the development
of the project we have used the MPLAB software. It
is a software program that runs on a PC (Windows,
Mac OS, and Linux). It is compiler as well as a
debugger.
Harshal Rawal,Final year B.E.
Electronics student of Savitribai
Phule, University of Pune and All
India Shri Shivaji Memorial
Society’s Institute of Information
Technology, member of IETE.
III. CONCLUSIONS
From the above study, it can be
concluded that the designed spectroscopy amplifier
can function satisfactorily as well as that of standard
device used here. The high degree of linearity was
achieved by using novel techniques. This high event
rate capability insured that the circuit would perform
well in high resolution energy spectroscopy systems.
Using this device we can measure the radiations and
the counted value can be displayed on LCD.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
It gives us great pleasure to submit this paper on
“Spectroscopy amplifier” as a part of curriculum.
We like to express our special thanks and gratitude
towards Dr. D.K.Shedge (HOD - Electronics,
AISSMS-IOIT, Pune) and Mr.Muneeb Shaikh
(ASICOT TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD) for
providing us the platform to design our system.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
Glenn F Knoll. Radiation Detection and Measurement,
third edition. John wiley and sons, 2000.
F. Adams and R. Dams. “Applied Gamma-Ray
Spectrometry” Pergamum press, New York, 1975.
Khalil
Arshak,
Member,
IEEE,
and
Olga
korostynska,”Thin film real time Gamma Radiation
Detectors” IEEE Sensors Journal. Vol.5. NO.4.August
2005.
ISSN: 2231-5381
Abhishek Jain, Final year B.E.
Electronics student of Savitribai
Phule, University of Pune and All
India Shri Shivaji Memorial
Society’s Institute of Information
Technology, member of IETE.
Dr. D K Shedge, Head of
Department,
Department
of
Electronics
Engineering
Savitribai Phule Pune University,
All India Shri Shivaji Memorial
Society’s Institute of Information
Technology,
Pune.
B.E.
(Electronics),
PhD
(E&TC)
Specialization in Digital signal processing, Network
Synthesis, Electronic Measurement, CMOS circuit
design, Electronic Product Design. Having Teaching
Experience-27 Years
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