International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume23 Number 4- May 2015
A Spatial Domain Image Steganography Technique
Based on Pseudorandom Permutation Substitution
Method using Tree and Linked List
Bassam Hasan Saghir #1, Elsamani A. Elmutalib Ahmed *2, Gafar Zen A. Salh #2, Abdelmajid H. Mansour *4
Lecturer, Computer Science, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan 1
Professor, Computer Science, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan 2
Assistant professor, Information Technology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 3,4
Abstract— Steganography is the one of an important methods
used in information hiding for numerous application. And they
gained a wide range demand of an internet implementations for
the security purpose. This paper proposes a method for hiding
information using least significant bit „LSB‟ and PESUDE
RANDOMIZE method, by emulating the work of trees and
linked list, on the BMP, PNG, JPEG image formats. The
proposed method performed through two phases, including
encrypting end encoding in the first phase, and hiding by 3 secret
key on second phase. In order to increase complexity of the
hiding process.
Keywords— Cover Image, Stego Image, PSNR, MSE, SSIM,
“TLLLSB: Tree Linked List Least Significant Bit”, spatial
domain, frequency domain, security.
INTRODUCTION
The word steganography comes from the Greek Steganos,
which means covered or secret and graphy means writing or
drawing. Therefore, steganography means, literally, covered
writing. Steganography is the art and science of hiding secret
information in a cover file such that only sender and receiver
can detect the existence of the secret information. A secret
information is encoded in a manner such that the very
existence of the information is concealed. The main goal of
steganography is to communicate securely in a completely
undetectable manner and to avoid drawing suspicion to the
transmission of a hidden data. It is not only prevents others
from knowing the hidden information, but it also prevents
others from thinking that the information even exists. If a
steganography method causes someone to suspect there is a
secret information in a carrier medium, then the method has
failed [1]. There are basically three Steganography types.
D: C→M of the extraction function with the property that
D (E(c,m))=m for all m ЄM and c ЄC
Fig. 1 Pure Steganography
In most applications, pure Steganography is preferred, since
no stego-key must be shared between the communication
partners, although a pure Steganography protocols do not
provide any security if an attacker knows the embedding
method.
B. Secret Key Steganography
A secret key Steganography system is similar to a
symmetric cipher, where the sender chooses a cover and
embeds the secret message into the cover using a secret key. If
the secret key used in the embedding process is known to the
receiver, he can reverse the process and extract the secret
message. No one who does not know the secret key should be
able to obtain evidence of the encoded information. The secret
key Steganography can be defined as the quintuple (C, M, K,
DK, EK) where [2]:
C: the set of possible covers.
M: the set of secret message.
K: the set of secret keys.
EK: C×M×K→C
With the property that DK (EK(c,m,k),k)=m for all m Є M,
c ЄC and k ЄK
A. Pure Steganography:
Pure Steganography is a Steganography system that does
not require prior exchange of some secret information before
sending message; therefore, no information is required to start
the communication process: the security of the system thus
depends entirely on its secrecy. The pure Steganography can
be defined as the quadruple (C, M, D, and E) where [2]:
C: the set of possible covers.
M: the set of secret massage with |C| ≥|M|.
E: C×M→C the embedding function.
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Fig. 2 secret key Steganography
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume23 Number 4- May 2015
C. Public key Steganography:
As in public key cryptography, public key steganography
does not rely on the exchange of a secret key. Public key
steganography systems require the use of two keys, one
private and one public key; the public key is stored in a public
database. Whereas the public key is used in the embedding
process, the secret key is used to reconstruct the secret
message. [3]
One way to build a public key Steganography system is to
use a public key crypto system. The sender and the receiver
can exchange public keys of some public key cryptography
algorithm before imprisonment. Public key Steganography
utilizes the fact that the decoding function in a Steganography
system can be applied to any cover, whether or not it already
contains a secret message. The receiver who cannot decide a
priori if secret information is transmitted in a specific cover
will suspect the arrival of message and will simply try to
extract and decrypt it using his private key [2].
LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT (LSB) CODING
A very popular methodology is the LSB (Least Significant
Bit) algorithm, which replaces the least significant bit in some
bytes of the cover file to hide a sequence of bytes containing
the hidden data. That's usually an effective technique in cases
where the LSB substitution doesn't cause significant quality
degradation, such as in 24-bit bitmaps. In computing, the least
significant bit (LSB) is the bit position in a binary integer
giving the units value, that is, determining whether the
number is even or odd. The LSB is sometimes referred to as
the right-most bit, due to the convention in positional notation
of writing less significant digit further to the right. It is
analogous to the least significant digit of a decimal integer,
which is the digit in the ones (right-most) position [1].
LSB coding is the simplest way to embed information in a
digital audio file by substituting the least significant bit of
each sampling points with a binary message. In referencing
specific bits within a binary number, it is common to assign
each bit a bit number, ranging from zero upwards to one less
than the number of bits in the number. The least significant
bits have the useful property of changing rapidly if the number
changes even slightly. For example, if 1 (binary 00000001) is
added to 3 (binary 00000011), the result will be 4 (binary
00000100) and three of the least significant bits will change
(011 to 100). By contrast, the three most significant bits stay
unchanged (000 to 000). Least significant bits are frequently
employed in pseudorandom number generators checksums [5].
RELATED WORKS
Steganography is the art and science of hiding information
in a cover data in such a way of invisible communication, that
non-participating persons are not capable to detect the
presence of this information by analyzing the information
detection. There are several research works on the field of
Steganography. Jayaram P, Ranganatha H R, Anupama H S
were mainly discussed different types of audio steganographic
methods, advantages and disadvantages [1]. Zaidoon Kh, ALAni, A.A.Zaidan, B.BZaidan and Hamdan.O.Alanazi, were
provided a general overview of the following subject areas:
Steganography types, General Steganography system,
Characterization of Steganography Systems and Classification
of Steganography Techniques [2]. The presenting of some
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recent development in the field of image to image
steganography the particular field is selected because of its
large data hiding capability and difficulties in identification. It
also provides greater scope because of its large sharing over
social networks, had been proposed by Anjali Tiwari, Seema
Rani Yadav, N.K. Mittal [4]. The conclusion with some
recommendations and advocates for the object-oriented
embedding mechanism. Steganalysis, which is the science of
attacking steganography, is not the focus of this survey but
nonetheless briefly discussed by Abbas Cheddad, Joan
Condell, Kevin Curran and Paul Mc Kevitt [6]. C.P.Sumathi,
T.Santanam and G.Umamaheswari were analyzed the various
techniques used in steganography and to identify areas in
which this technique can be applied, so that the human race
can be benefited at large [7]. The given of an overview of
image steganography, its uses and techniques, and identifying
the requirements of a good steganographic algorithm and
briefly reflects on which steganographic techniques are more
suitable for which applications, were proposed by T. Morkel ,
J.H.P. Eloff , M.S. Olivier [8]. The new algorithm that was
designed in order to hide data inside image using
steganography technique. And applying the proposed
algorithm, a steganography imaging system (SIS). The
receiver can use the same system as well to retrieve back the
data that has been hidden inside the image. However, a secret
key is needed by the receiver in order to retrieve back the data.
This secret key is generated using the proposed algorithm
during the process of hiding the data. It maintains privacy,
confidentiality and accuracy of the data, were developed by
Rosziati Ibrahim and Teoh Suk Kuan [9]. The use of an image
file as a carrier, and hence, the taxonomy of current
steganographic techniques for image files has been. These
techniques are analyzed and discussed in terms of their ability
to hide information in image files, the amount of the
information that can be hidden, and the robustness to different
image processing attacks were presented by Nagham Hamid,
Abid Yahya, R. Badlishah Ahmad, Dheiaa Najim, Lubna
Kanaan [10].
PROPOSED SCHEME:
This paper build a method for hiding information using
least significant bit and PESUDE RANDOMIZE method, by
simulating the work of trees and linked list, on the BMP, PNG,
JPEG image formats. The method performed through two
phases, in the first phase encoding the secret text message in
order to minimizing the size of the text message by rate 0.25%,
using the proposed algorithm of reducing the text size before
the hiding process by specific encoding, and then encrypting
the message. On second phase performing the hiding using 3
secret key to complexity the hiding process. The hiding
process depend on encoding and encrypting the data, then
randomly hiding the information based on the work of trees
and linked list, which is called ―TLLLSB: Tree Linked List
Least Significant Bit‖. In the encoding process the entered in
English language and transformed to small letters if it contain
capital letters. In the step of minimizing the size of the secret
message, the letter is converted from 8 bit digit to
corresponding 6 bit digit, therefore it can reduce the size of
the secret message by approximately 0.25% of the total size.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume23 Number 4- May 2015
A. Steps of encoding and encrypting the secret message
1- Entering the secret text message.
2- Convert the text message to 6 bit digits.
3- If this binaries are divisible by 8, then will be
transformed to different text, otherwise add the white
distance with corresponding encoding to become a
series of binaries that are divisible by eight.
4- Group the encoded binaries of 6 bit to replace the
normal 8 bit, to become ready for hiding in image.
B. Steps of decoding the Secret Message
1- Transforming all 6 bit with the correspondence
encoding to the clear letter of the original text.
2- Grouping the letters to make the secret message.
C. Data Hiding
The process of hiding the data depend on the method of
Pseudo random pixel that based on least significant bit (LSB)
The selecting of the random pixel by simulating of trees and
linked list, as in the following steps:
1- Convert the image of bmp, jpeg or png format to
vector- matrix of byte type.
2- Chosen the root of the tree R, consider it is the first
key in the hiding process, let it be for example the
byte from the image Matrix R = 500000.
3- Selected two keys for hiding, considered the second
key P1, and the third key P2, which the key P1 is
ahead of R directed towards the end of the matrix of
the image and the key P2 directed toward the
beginning of the picture. In other words, P1
represents a displacement or the pointer between the
elements and the linked list node to the right hand of
Enter secret
message
Save byte array as
stego image
Encoding message
to 6 bit
Hide encoding message bits
at right and left of root bit
by bit in Linked List 1, 2 of
branch of tree
the tree root. And P2 represents a displacement
between the pointer and the elements or the next the
linked list node.
4- Test if the number of the secret message binaries less
than the available node in the linked lists or equal to
it. Otherwise, the amount of displacement is reduced
or the value of the node between the elements of the
linked list. In order to hide the secret message.
5- The elements of the two linked list, which
representing tree branch, are the places of storing
secret message. So either storing the half of the secret
message in the first linked list, and the other half in
the second linked list. And in more complicated
hiding manner the bit of the secret message is hidden
in the first linked list, and the next bit hidden on the
second linked. The next bit on the first linked list and
the next bit in the second linked list, and so on the
hiding of the secret message binaries completed, after
reducing the message size by the previous encoding
and encryption algorithm, or without previous
encoding algorithm. Here is the process of hiding
will be done in two different directions of the image,
on the right and left side of the tree root R by
opposite directions, which makes the process of
hiding more complex and resistant to detect.
6- Saving the byte matrix into image, as shown in Fig. 3.
Select Bmp, Png or Jpeg
cover image and convert
to byte array
Enter three keys (root(R),
space within nodes of LL
shift (p1), space within nodes
of LL shift (p2))
Fig. 3 Steps of Proposed Steganography algorithm
D. Steps of extracting the Secret Message from the stego
1- Identify the stego and convert it to byte matrix.
2- Identify the tree root R.
3- Identify the second key P1 that represents the shift
between linked list elements of first branch of the
tree.
4- Identify the third key P2 that represents the shift
between linked list elements of the other branch of
the tree.
5- Extracting the secret message binaries from the
linked list elements of the least significant bit from
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every element of the two linked list elements, and
grouping it text series of 0 and 1.
6- Convert any 6 bit to the correspondence letters in the
encoding and encrypting algorithm, shown in Fig. 4.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume23 Number 4- May 2015
Enter three keys (root(R),
space within nodes of LL
shift (p1), space within nodes
of LL shift (p2))
Select Stego
image
Display secret message
Extract LSB from
selected position
by keys
Decoding message
from 6 bit coding
Fig 4. Steps of extracting secret message from the stego image
EVALUATION AND DISCUSSION
The algorithm was applied on bmp, png and jpeg image
formats, and it was hidden texts of size 9.10 KB and 18.2 kb
based on the idea of trees and linked lists by opposite
directions in the image. Where the evaluation was performed
on 5 image of each format. The following tables show the
evaluation and the discussion of the hiding algorithm using
PSNR, MSE and SSIM criteria.
TABLE 1: COVER IMAGES OF BMP FORMAT
airplane
baboon
Barbara
E. Hiding text message of size 9.10 kb, BMP format.
The tables 2 and 3 shows the results of hiding text file with
size 9.10 kb and BMP formats with and without reducing the
colorbaots
Lena
Pepper
text size using the proposed Tree Linked List LSB hiding
algorithm.
TABLE 2: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 9.10 KB AND BMP FORMAT WITHOUT REDUCING THE SIZE
Image
Original Image Size
Airplane
Baboon
Barbara
Boatscolor
Lena
Pepper
768kb, 512*512
703kb, 500*480
1.18mb, 720*576
1.29mb, 787*576
768kb, 512*512
768kb , 512*512
Secret
Message Size
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
Stego
Image Size
565kb
278kb
1.04mb
1.00mb
279kb
715kb
PSNR
MSE
59.8547
59.7898
61.9136
62.3592
59.9688
60.0248
0.0672
0.0683
0.0419
0.0378
0.0655
0.0647
SSIM
TABLE 3: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 9.10 KB AND BMP FORMAT WITH REDUCING SIZE.
Image
Original Image Size
Airplane
Baboon
Barbara
Boatscolor
Lena
Pepper
768kb, 512*512
703kb, 500*480
1.18mb, 720*576
1.29mb, 787*576
768kb, 512*512
768kb, 512*512
Secret
Message Size
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
F. Hiding text message of size 18.2 kb, BMP format
The two tables 4 and 5 shows the results of hiding text file
with size 18.2 kb and BMP formats with and without reducing
Stego Image
Size
564kb
267kb
1.04mb
1.00mb
270kb
715kb
PSNR
MSE
61.1415
60.9739
63.1366
63.6000
61.2621
61.2847
0.0500
0.0520
0.0316
0.0284
0.0486
0.0484
SSIM
the text size using the proposed Tree Linked List LSB hiding
algorithm.
TABLE 4: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 18.2 KB AND BMP FORMAT WITHOUT REDUCING THE SIZE.
Image
Original Image Size
Airplane
Baboon
Barbara
Boatscolor
Lena
Pepper
768kb, 512*512
703kb, 500*480
1.18mb, 720*576
1.29mb, 787*576
768kb, 512*512
768kb, 512*512
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Secret
Message Size
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
Stego
Image Size
565kb
290kb
1.05mb
1.00mb
291kb
715kb
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PSNR
MSE
SSIM
56.9990
56.8676
58.8964
59.4101
57.0698
57.0833
0.1298
0.1338
0.0838
0.0745
0.1277
0.1273
0.9991
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume23 Number 4- May 2015
TABLE 5: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 18.2 KB AND BMP FORMAT WITH REDUCING SIZE.
Image
Original Image Size
Airplane
Baboon
Barbara
Boatscolor
Lena
Pepper
768kb, 512*512
703kb, 500*480
1.18mb, 720*576
1.29mb, 787*576
768kb, 512*512
768kb, 512*512
Secret
Message Size
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
Stego
Image Size
565kb
276kb
1.04mb
1.00mb
278kb
715kb
PSNR
MSE
SSIM
58.2981
58.0726
60.1816
60.6958
58.3614
58.3792
0.0962
0.1014
0.0624
0.0554
0.0948
0.0944
The following diagrams shows the results of hiding text file
with size 9.10 kb and 18.2 kb of BMP formats with and
without reducing the text size using the proposed Tree Linked
List LSB hiding algorithm.
Fig 7. MSE values for Cover and Stego Images of BMP format
Fig 5. Cover and Stego Image of BMP format
Fig 8. SSIM values for Cover and Stego Images of BMP format
Fig 6. PSNR values for Cover and Stego Images of BMP format
TABLE 6: COVER IMAGES OF PNG FORMAT
Airplane
baboon
Lena
G. Hiding text message of size 9.10 kb, PNG format.
The two tables 7 and 8 shows the results of hiding text file
with size 9.10 kb and PNG formats with and without reducing
Pepper
Fruit
the text size using the proposed Tree Linked List LSB hiding
algorithm.
TABLE 7: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 9.10 KB AND PNG FORMAT WITHOUT REDUCING THE SIZE
Image
Original Image Size
Airplane
Baboon
Lena
Pepper
Fruits
439KB, 512*512
635kb, 512*512
463kb, 512*512
526kb, 512*512
461kb, 512*512
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Secret
Message Size
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
Stego
Image Size
565kb
735kb
718kb
715kb
579kb
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PSNR
MSE
59.8547
60.0255
59.9946
60.0248
59.9400
0.0672
0.0646
0.0651
0.0647
0.0659
SSIM
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume23 Number 4- May 2015
TABLE 8: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 9.10 KB AND PNG FORMAT WITH REDUCING SIZE.
Image
Original Image Size
Airplane
Baboon
Lena
Pepper
Fruits
439KB, 512*512
635kb, 512*512
463kb, 512*512
526kb, 512*512
461kb, 512*512
Secret
Message Size
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
H. Hiding text message of size 18.2 kb, PNG format.
The two tables 9,10 shows the results of hiding text file
with size 18.2 kb and PNG formats with and without reducing
Stego
Image Size
564kb
735kb
718kb
715kb
574kb
PSNR
MSE
61.1415
61.2009
61.2713
61.2847
61.0325
0.0500
0.0493
0.0485
0.0484
0.0513
SSIM
the text size using the proposed Tree Linked List LSB hiding
algorithm.
TABLE 9: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 18.2 KB AND PNG FORMAT WITHOUT REDUCING THE SIZE
Image
Original Image Size
Airplane
Baboon
Lena
Pepper
Fruits
439KB, 512*512
635kb, 512*512
463kb, 512*512
526kb, 512*512
461kb, 512*512
Secret
Message Size
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
Stego
Image Size
565kb
735kb
718kb
715kb
584kb
PSNR
MSE
56.9990
57.0598
57.0651
57.0833
57.0101
0.1298
0.1280
0.1278
0.1273
0.1294
SSIM
0.9996
TABLE 10: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 18.2 KB AND PNG FORMAT BY REDUCING THE SIZE
Image
Original Image Size
Airplane
Baboon
Lena
Pepper
Fruits
439KB, 512*512
635kb, 512*512
463kb, 512*512
526kb, 512*512
461kb, 512*512
Secret
Message Size
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
Stego
Image Size
565kb
735kb
717kb
715kb
578kb
PSNR
MSE
58.2981
58.3640
58.3269
58.3792
58.1874
0.0962
0.0948
0.0956
0.0944
0.0987
SSIM
The following diagrams shows the results of hiding text file
with size 9.10 kb and 18.2 kb of PNG formats with and
without reducing the text size using the proposed Tree Linked
List LSB hiding algorithm.
Fig 10. PSNR values for Cover and Stego Images of PNG format
Fig 9. Cover and Stego Image of PNG format
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume23 Number 4- May 2015
Fig 11. MSE values for Cover and Stego Images of PNG format
Fig 12. SSIM values for Cover and Stego Images of PNG format
TABLE 11: COVER IMAGES OF JPEG FORMAT
Lena
anime
house
Chimborazo
volcano
I. Hiding text message of size 9.10 kb, JPEG format.
The two tables 12, 13 shows the results of hiding text file
with size 9.10 kb and JPEG formats with and without
Sense1
Sence2
reducing the text size using the proposed Tree Linked List
LSB hiding algorithm.
TABLE 12: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 9.10 KB AND JPEG FORMAT WITHOUT REDUCING THE SIZE.
Image
Original Image Size
Stego
Image Size
547kb
1.12mb
5.84mb
794kb
PSNR
MSE
SSIM
50.1kb, 480*480
60.6kb, 960*720
750kb, 2048*1536
549kb, 752*490
Secret
Message Size
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
Lena
anime
house
Chimborazo
volcano
Sence1
Sence2
59.3830
54.9987
71.2022
61.3581
0.0750
0.2057
0.0049
0.0476
0.9995
0.9986
0.9999
0.9997
50.9kb, 750*449
118kb, 960*720
9.10kb
9.10kb
597kb
1.64mb
57.9089
59.2663
0.1052
0.0770
0.9995
0.9996
TABLE 13: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 9.10 KB AND JPEG FORMAT WITH REDUCING SIZE.
Image
Original Image Size
Stego
Image Size
544kb
1.11mb
5.84mb
791kb
PSNR
MSE
SSIM
50.1kb, 480*480
60.6kb, 960*720
750kb, 2048*1536
549kb, 752*490
Secret
Message Size
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
9.10kb
Lena
anime
house
Chimborazo
volcano
Sence1
Sence2
60.6484
55.0652
72.4232
62.6011
0.0560
0.2026
0.0037
0.0357
0.9996
0.9986
0.9999
0.9997
50.9kb, 750*449
118kb, 960*720
9.10kb
9.10kb
587kb
1.64mb
58.3560
59.6245
0.0949
0.0709
0.9995
0.9997
J. Hiding text message of size 18.2 kb, JPEG format.
The two tables 14, 15 shows the results of hiding text file
with size 18.2 kb and JPEG formats with and without
reducing the text size using the proposed Tree Linked List
LSB hiding algorithm.
TABLE 14: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 18.2 KB AND JPEG FORMAT WITHOUT REDUCING THE SIZE.
Image
Original Image Size
Lena
anime
house
Chimborazo
volcano
Sence1
Sence2
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Stego
Image Size
553kb
1.13mb
5.85mb
799kb
PSNR
MSE
SSIM
50.1kb, 480*480
60.6kb, 960*720
750kb, 2048*1536
549kb, 752*490
Secret
Message Size
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
56.3532
54.7408
68.1387
58.3508
0.1506
0.2183
0.0100
0.0951
0.9989
0.9984
0.9999
0.9993
50.9kb, 750*449
118kb, 960*720
18.2kb
18.2kb
606kb
1.65mb
56.3420
58.0366
0.1510
0.1022
0.9991
0.9995
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TABLE 15: HIDING RESULT OF TEXT FILE OF SIZE 18.2 KB AND JPEG FORMAT WITH REDUCING SIZE.
Image
Original Image Size
Secret
Message Size
Stego
Image Size
PSNR
MSE
SSIM
Lena
anime
house
Chimborazo
volcano
Sence1
Sence2
50.1kb, 480*480
60.6kb, 960*720
750kb, 2048*1536
549kb, 752*490
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
18.2kb
548kb
1.12mb
5.84mb
793kb
57.7044
54.8638
69.4036
59.6539
0.1103
0.2122
0.0075
0.0704
0.9992
0.9985
0.9999
0.9995
50.9kb, 750*449
118kb, 960*720
18.2kb
18.2kb
595kb
1.64mb
57.0312
58.6321
0.1288
0.0891
0.9992
0.9996
The following diagrams shows the results of hiding text file
with size 9.10 kb and 18.2 kb of JPEG formats with and
without reducing the text size using the proposed Tree Linked
List LSB hiding algorithm.
Fig 16. SSIM values for Cover and Stego Images of JPEG format
Fig 13. Cover and Stego Image of JPEG format
Fig 14. PSNR values for Cover and Stego Images of JPEG format
Fig 15. MSE values for Cover and Stego Images of JPEG format
ISSN: 2231-5381
EVALUATION OF THE STEGO IMAGE:
From the previous analysis and result we notice that BMP
file format is the best, which they decreasing the file size after
the hiding process. But in the PNG file format the file size
increases by a few rate. However the cons of JPEG file format
is increasing the size of the file dramatically. So that the
proposed algorithm by reducing the size of the secret message
they decreasing the file size by a few rate, and this is pros
added to the algorithm.
In the PSNR evaluation with the TLLLSB and proposed
algorithm has proved that the value of PSNR is a high, and
this indicates the quality of stego image. And in the MSE
evaluation with the TLLLSB and proposed algorithm has
proved that the value of PSNR is low in comparison with the
normal hiding of the secret message, and this indicates the
quality of stego image. And in the SSIM evaluation with the
TLLLSB and proposed algorithm has proved that the value of
PSNR is closely to 1, and this indicates the quality of stego
image.
CONCLUSION
The proposed algorithm has proved its effectiveness in
terms of hiding capacity, durability and quality of the image
and dealing with a different file format. And does not rely on
a specific format that increases the efficiency of the algorithm,
also is not observed any distortion to it the eye, and the
normal file size that is not going on a doubts around him. The
high values of PSNR and low values of MSE and SSIM
values that very close to 1 indicates the efficiency of the
proposed algorithm that is called TLLLSB. We note that the
file size is minimizing when using the algorithm of reducing
the size of the secret message before hiding, and the image
quality becomes highest at hiding by the proposed algorithm.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume23 Number 4- May 2015
Permanent Address: Department of Computer Science, Faculty
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BIOGRAPHY
Bassam Hasan Saghir Al-Malhani, Lecturer,
Department of Computer Science, Faculty
of computer Science and Information
Technology,
Alneelain
University,
Khartoum, Sudan.
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