International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 20 Number 5 – Feb 2015
Testing of Wear Rate Frictional Force and Coefficient of Friction
Computationally Using Pin On Disk
Mr.Kiran Deore, Ms.Lalita Aage, Prof.Manoj Hajare
Abstract:
The paper comprises of detailed study with
regard to the study of wear rate, friction force
and coefficient of friction of different
materials with same parameters. The materials
being tested are SS316, SS304, SS410,
Copper, Aluminum and Brass widely used in
various implications and applications in
industries throughout. With regard to the
various industrial development fields there is
nevertheless requirement of Mild steel, copper,
aluminum and brass; hence it is a clear
necessity to compute wear rate, friction force
and coefficient of friction. It is a general
observation that wear resistance is the key
factor governing the applicability of the
material as per various requirements [1]. There
have been a number of attempts to standardize
the friction force and coefficient of friction by
various committees. The tests were conducted
on pin on disk apparatus with a spherical pin
with flat circular disk placed perpendicular to
the surface of the spherical pin end.
Table: Material, Composition and
Application
Material
Composition Application
SS316
68% Fe,
Chemical containers,
<0.03% C,
Including for transport.
16-18.5%
Heat Exchangers.
Cr,
Woven or welded
10-14% Ni,
screens for mining,
2-3% Mo,
quarrying & water
<2% Mn,
Filtration.
<1% Si,
Threaded fasteners.
Springs.
SS304
68%Fe,
<0.08% C,
17.5-20% Cr
, 8-11% Ni,
<2% Mn,
<1% Si,
Food processing
equipment,
particularly in beer
brewing, milk
processing & wine
Making. Kitchen
benches, sinks,
troughs, equipment
and appliances
Architectural panel
SS410
68% Fe,
<0.15% C,
11.5-13.5%
Cr,
>0.75% Ni
, <1.0% Mn,
<1.0% Si
Aluminum
NA(Pure
Metal)
Bolts, screws, bushings
and nuts
Petroleum
fractionating
structures
Shafts, pumps and
valves
Mine ladder rungs
Gas turbines
Electrical wires (60%),
roofing and plumbing
(20%) and industrial
Machinery (15%).
Copper
NA(Pure
Metal)
Electrical transmission
lines,Automoiboile and
aircraft
equipment, Food
packaging
Brass
60.66% Cu,
36.58% Zn,
1.02% tin,
1.74% Fe
Marine applications,
used in imitation
jewellery, used for
lining in boats
Introduction:
The experiment has been performed on a
group of specimens for duration of 5 minutes,
and load of 3 Kg, with speed 700 rpm. The set
up is connected to a Data Acquisition System
which computes friction force and coefficient
of friction of said material. By fixing any two
parameters with one variable parameter
experiment
is
performed.
Graphical
representation of wear rate along with friction
force and coefficient of friction is given by
WINDUCOM software and the results will
show the coefficient of friction in relation with
(time, speed and load) and the systematic
comparisons of one material with the other.
Friction is a force that resists sliding and is
measured by a coefficient which is generally
considered to be constant and specific to
various material.
ISSN: 2231-5381
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Page 256
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 20 Number 5 – Feb 2015
Classifications of friction
components
[5]:
1.
Force
components:
Specifications of machine [3]:
transmitting
Some components that are expected to
operate without interface displacement are
called as force transmitting components.
2. Energy absorption-controlling
components
Some components which require large values
of a normal force with intermediate
coefficient of friction are known as energy
absorption-controlling components such as in
brakes and clutches.
3. Quality control components
Some systems that require constant friction
and the components which give constant
friction are called as quality control
components.
4. Low friction component
The materials that are expected to operate at
maximum efficiency at the time of force
transmitting like gears in a watch are called as
low friction component.
Test
Values
parameter
Specimen Pin size:- 10 &12 mm
diameter 32 mm long Ball :
spherical ball ¢10
Wear disc
size
Diameter 165mm, 8mm
thick
Wear
track
diameter
Min:50mm,Max:500
Disc
rotation
Normal
load
Friction
force
Wear rate
Min:200rpm,Max:2000rpm
Min:5N,Max:200N
Min:0N,Max:200N
Min: 0µm
Max: 2000 µm
Pin on disc experimental set up:
Experimental:
The setup of the method comprises of a pin
with spherical surface as the tip and a circular
rotating disk which is placed at a
perpendicular with respect to the spherical pin
surface. The diameter of the pin is 10mm and
the length is 30mm.The disk is made of
hardened steel on which the pin is held with a
jaw in the apparatus and rotation is provided to
disk which causes wear of the pin on a fixed
path on disk. The pin is pressed against the
surface of the disk with load being applied
with the arm attachment provided to the
apparatus. Machine is attached with a data
acquisition system and WINDUCOM 2010
software which gives result values and graphs.
Fig: Pin on disc experiment.
Working Parameters:
Wear track radius: 100mm
Load applied: 3 kg
Time Duration: 5 min
Rotation of disk: 700 rpm
Pin Size: 10mm diameter
32mm length
ISSN: 2231-5381
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 20 Number 5 – Feb 2015
Test results for SS410
Result and discussion:
Material
SS316
SS304
SS410
Al
Cu
Brass
Frictional
Force(N)
11.5
11.7
5.9
8.4
10.9
4.5
Wear
(μm)
1290
1467
1200
1146
432
1467
Coefficient
of friction
0.4407
0.4480
0.3293
0.6544
0.5043
0.1698
Graphical Representation:
Graph 1.2 wear, coefficient of friction,
frictional force of coated SS410.
Test results for SS316
Test results for Aluminum
Graph 1.2 wear, coefficient of
friction, frictional force of coated
SS316.
Graph 1.2 wear, coefficient of friction,
frictional force of coated Aluminum
Test results for Copper
Test results for SS304
Graph 1.2 wear, coefficient of
friction, frictional force of SS304.
ISSN: 2231-5381
Graph 1.2 wear, coefficient of friction,
frictional force of Copper.
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 20 Number 5 – Feb 2015
Test results for – Brass
Graph 1.2 wear, coefficient of friction,
frictional force of coated Brass.
Conclusion:
1) From all the first three graphs of steel
we understand the fact that the wear rate
is comparatively higher.
2) Aluminum has wear 1146 micrometer
and friction force 8.4 while coefficient of
a friction is 0.6544.
3) From the above experiment wear
resistance of copper is maximum with
intermediate
frictional
force
and
coefficient of friction.
4) Graph of a brass for wear rate is
smooth curve in nature
5) SS304 and Brass shows same wear rate
but different friction force and coefficient
of friction
6) Aluminum has maximum coefficient
of friction while brass shows lowest
among the specimens
References:
1) Effect of loads, sliding speeds and
times on the wear rate for different
materials. Hani Aziz Ameen1,
Khairia Salman Hassan2 and
Ethar Mohamed Mhdi Mubarak.
2) International
Journal
of
Emerging Technology and
Advanced Engineering.
3) Tribology lab manual for pin on
disc apparatus of NDMVP
College of engineering in Nasik.
4) Measurement of uncertainty in
tribological wear rate testing,
Tony L.
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