International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 9- Sep 2013
Implementation of Multitrack Simulator in FPGA for
ESM Processor
K Pradeep Kumar#1, A Sreedevi*2
#1
M. Tech Student & Department of ECE & JNTU- HYD
H:NO: 1-75/7/5, Brundavan Colony, Boduppal, Hyderabad, A.P, India
*2
Manager & Development and Engineering & BEL- HYD
Abstract— ESM (Electronics support measure)
systems intercept radar emissions which are within the
operating frequency range of the system. ESM System
consists of Antennas, Front End Receiver, Receiver
subsystem, Processor subsystem and Display subsystem.
Antennas intercepts the RF signals which are given to Front
end receiver. The Front End Receiver gives amplified RF
and detected video outputs. Amplified RF output is given to
DIFM unit which measures the frequency. Video output of
Front End Receiver is connected to the receiver subsystem.
The receiver subsystem measures the parameters
such as
Pulse width, Pulse repetition frequency and
Amplitude of the on pulse by pulse basis. It also timestamps
the received signal by generating the time of arrival(TOA)
parameter. The measured frequency from DIFM Receiver is
also routed to receiver subsystem. The above mentioned
measured parameters are interleaved into 128 bit word called
Pulse descriptor word (PDW).
This project Pulse Descriptor Word Simulator aims
at developing a simulator which can be used to test the
processor in the absence of Receiver hardware. This
simulates the 128 bit PD Word along with the required
control signals which will be generated by the receiver card
ESM Processor. The 128 bit PD Word is organized as four
32 bit words. Two address bits are used to indicate the word
address. A strobe is to be provided to indicate the presence of
each word.
The simulator is being planned to be developed
using Xilinx ISE 10.1 and the simulated results are to be
demonstrated on modelsim simulator.
Key Words -- Electronic Support Measure, Parameters of
signals, Pulse Descriptor Word.
I.
Electronic support measures gather intelligence through
passive "listening" to electromagnetic radiations of military
interest. It can provide initial detection or knowledge of
foreign systems, a library of technical and operational data on
foreign systems, and tactical combat information utilizing this
library. It contains a collection platforms that can remain
electronically silent and detect and analyze RADAR
transmissions beyond the RADAR detection range because of
the greater power of the transmitted electromagnetic
pulse with respect to a reflected echo of that
pulse. US airborne Electronic Support Measure receivers are
designated in the AN/ALR series.
Desirable characteristics for electromagnetic surveillance
and collection equipment include wide-spectrum or bandwidth
capability because foreign frequencies are initially unknown,
wide dynamic range because signal strength is initially
unknown, narrow band pass to discriminate the signal of
interest from other electromagnetic radiation on nearby
frequencies, and good angle-of arrival measurement for
bearings to locate the transmission of signals. The frequency
spectrum ranges from 30 MHz to 50 GHz. Multiple receivers
are typically required for surveillance of the entire spectrum.
But in the case of tactical receivers, it may be functional within
a specific signal strength threshold of a smaller frequency
range.
II.
INTRODUCTION
In military telecommunications, the terms Electronic
Support (ES) or Electronic Support Measures (ESM)
describe the division of electronic warfare involving actions
taken under direct control of an operational commander to
ISSN: 2231-5381
identify, intercept, detect, record, locate, and/or analyze
sources of radiated electromagnetic signals for the purposes of
immediate threat recognition or longer-term operational
planning. Thus, Electronic Support Measure provides a source
of information required for decisions involving Electronic
Protection (EP), Electronic Attack (EA), avoidance, targeting,
and other types of forces. Electronic Support data can be used
to produce signals intelligence (SIGINT), communication
intelligence (COMINT) and electronics intelligence (ELINT).
ESM PROCESSOR
Uses of ESM Processor
Intercept , identify , locate , record and/or analyze sources
of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purposes of
immediate threat recognition (such as warning that fire control
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 9- Sep 2013
RADAR has locked on a combat vehicle , ship , or aircraft) or
longer-term operational planning.
III.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
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Easy to use
with All Intel and Most Other
Microprocessors
Handles Inputs from DC to
o 8 MHz 8254
o 10 MHz 8254-2
Status Read-Back Command
Six Programmable Counter Modes
Three Independent 16-Bit Counters
Binary or BCD Counting
C. Modes of 8254 timer
Mode 0 – Interrupt on terminal count
Mode 1 -- Hardware Re-Trigger able one-shot
Mode 2 – Rate Generator
Mode 3 -- Square wave mode
Mode 4 -- Software triggered strobe
Mode 5 – Hardware triggered(Re-triggerable) strobe
In this project we go with the Mode 2, as it is a real time clock
interrupt and Counter 0.
D. Control word format
A. Blocks used for generation of signals
The main blocks are 8254Timer, 36-bit free running
counter, different types of memories, latches, MUX, 32-bit
PD word, PD word control bits.
SELECT
COUNTER
B. 8254 Timer
SC0
i. Block Diagram
READ/
WRITE
ii. 8254 PROGRAMMABLE INTERVAL TIMER
ISSN: 2231-5381
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SC1
0
0
Select counter 0
0
1
Select counter 1
1
0
Select counter 2
1
1
Read- Back command
RW1
RW2
0
0
Counter Latch Command
0
1
Read/Write least significant
byte only
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 9- Sep 2013
READ/
WRITE
RW1
1
RW2
0
1
1
Read or Write most
significant byte only
Read/Write least significant
byte first and then most
significant byte
added, and checked out for syntax errors. After checking out
the syntax errors, write the test bench for the program in
simulation model, and check out the wave form in Modelsim.
The total program is dumped on to the FPGA kit with the
help of Chipscope tool. In our Project we go with FPGA
Virtex-5.
The FPGA kit after the programs are dumped , it is
inserted into the ESM processor. By using Ethernet, the signals
are given to the processor for detection.
V.
FPGA VIRTEX-5
BCD
Binary Counter 16-bits
0
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
Counter (4 Decades)
1
The Virtex-5 family provides the newest most powerful
features in the FPGA market. Using the second generation
Advanced Silicon Modular Block column-based architecture,
the Virtex-5 family consists of five distinct platforms (subfamilies), the most useful choice offered by any FPGA family.
Each platform contains a different range of features to address
the needs of a wide variety of advanced logic designs.
Virtex-5 FPGA Features:
MODE
M2
M1
MO
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MODE 0
0
0
0
MODE 1
0
0
1
MODE 2
X
1
0
MODE 3
X
1
1
MODE 4
1
0
0
MODE 5
1
0
1
IV.
PROGRAMMING
The VHDL code for 8254 timer and checked out in Xilinx
software for errors. After checking the syntax of the program,
we go for test bench wave form of 8254 timer. The total
components of the timer are checked in the same process. The
main components are 16-bit down counter and counter control
operations which are used in our project for selecting modes
and counter.
The VHDL is also written for 36-bit free running counter
and Pulse Descriptor bits.
In the main module of the code all the components (8254
timer, 36-bit free running counter, Pulse Descriptor bits) are
ISSN: 2231-5381
Five platforms
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LX: High-performance general logic applications
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LXT: High-performance logic with advanced
serial connectivity
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SXT: High-performance signal processing
applications with advanced serial connectivity
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TXT: High-performance systems with double
density advanced serial connectivity
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FXT: High-performance embedded systems with
advanced serial connectivity
Cross-platform compatibility
High-performance
Most advanced, optimal-utilization
Powerful clock management tile (CMT) clocking
36-Kbit block RAM/FIFOs
Parallel SelectIO technology with high-performance
Advanced DSP48E slices
Flexible configuration options
Monitoring capability on all devices
PCI Express Designs with integrated Endpoint blocks
Tri-mode 10/100/1000 Mb/s to Ethernet MACs
PowerPC 440 Microprocessors
65-nm copper CMOS process technology
1.0V core voltage
Flip-chip packaging with high signal-integrity
available in standard or Pb-free package options
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 9- Sep 2013
VI.
ISSN: 2231-5381
EXPECTED RESULTS
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 9- Sep 2013
REFERENCES
[1]
Craig A. Hanna, "The Associative Comparator: Adds New Capabilities to
ESM Signal Processing”
[2] A.G. Kellet, "SADIE - A High Performance ESM Signal Processor"
[3] Colloqutim on Signal Processing for ESM Systems, April 1988, London
UK.
[4] Stephen C. Smith and Michael P. Beakes, "The Pulse Sort Module: VLSI
Technology inthe ESM System," IBM Technical Directions, Vol. 13 No.
1 1987, IBM Federal Systems Division, Owego, NY. pp. 37-42.
[5] R.S. Andrews, "ESM Processing Using 3-Dimensional Memory Mapping
and Adaptive Pattern Formation Algorithms," Conference Proceedings Military Microwaves '84, Oct 1984, London England, pp. 27-36.
[6] P. Hollands, M.A., "Us:e of Simulation Methods as a Design Tool in the
Development of an ESM Processing System," !"-E Procs, Vol. 132, Pt F,
No. 4, July 1985, pp. 292-297.
[7] J.B.G. Roberts, P. Simpson, B.C. Merrifield, and J.F. Cross, "Signal
Processing
[8] Applications of a Distributed Array Processor," lEE Proceedings, Vol.
131, Pt F, No. 6, October1984, pp. 603-609.
[9] B.C. Merrifield, J.B.G. Roberts, P. Simpson, A. Stanley, "Real Time
Applications of DAP," ICS 88, International Conference on
Supercomputing Proceedings, Supercomputing '88,pp. 54-62, May 1988,
Boston MA.
[10] R.D. Beton, S.P. Turner, C. Upstill, "Hybrid Architecture Paradigms in a
Radar ESM Data P'rocessing Application," Microprocessors and
Microsystems, Vol 13 No. 3, April 1989, pp. 160-164.
[11] S. Cussons, J. Roe, and A. Felthamn,"Knowledge Based Signal
Processing for Radar ESM Systems," ESM Division, Admiralty Research
Establishment, Portsdown, Cosham., Hants.
[12] P.L. Danielsen, D.A. Agg, N.R. Burke, Smith Associates Limited,
Guildford, UK; "The Apllication of Pattern Recognition Techniques tc
ESM Data Processing," Conference Title: IEE Colloquium on 'Signal
Processing for ESM Systems' Digest No. 1988/62 p.6/1-4, Conference
Date: 26 Apr 1988, Conference Loc: London, UK.
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