International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013
Temperature Monitoring System Of
Conductors Based On GSM SMS And Zigbee
1
Y.Viswanatha Reddy , K.Jyothi
2
1
2
M.Tech, Dept of ECE, CMR College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, AP-India,
Assistant Prof, Dept of ECE, CMR College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, AP-India,
Abstract—
Temperature Monitoring System of
Conductors based on GSM SMS and Zigbee is
produced in this paper. The temperature of conductors
can be monitored in real-time and some accidents
caused by the increased temperature can be avoided.
The principle and the feature of ARM7, GSM SMS and
Zigbee communication are analyzed The construction of
this system is outlined, and the force modal of
calculating the variety of the sag due to the increased
temperature of conductors is built. The ARM7 is a
general purpose 32-bit microprocessor, which offers
high performance and very low power consumption.
The ARM architecture is based on Reduced Instruction
Set Computer. GSM is a global digital mobile
communication system.GSM SMS is a kind of short
message service, by which the limited data or text
message can be transmitted. Zigbee is a free open
source protocol which can be used for wireless
applications. Using this protocol overall development
cost can be reduced. Using this application engineers
can easily calculate the variations in conductors due to
change in temperature. This paper will provide block
diagram and its detail applications and hardware and
software requirement for developing this application.
Keywords— ARM7, GSM, Zigbee, Temperature Sensor.
I.INTRODUCTION
The demand of electricity is higher and
higher, and the problem between lag of construction
of network and inadequacy of transmission capacity
becomes increasingly prominent, which exacerbates
the unharmonious contradictions of development
between power grids and power generation structure
As long as electrical transmission lines are kept
clean, they last up to 100 years at least a lifetime,
says John kassakin, professor of electrical
engineering. Designed to hold up in adverse weather
conditions, the transmission lines primarily use
ACSR conductors: aluminum cable wrapped around
steel-reinforced cores. The aluminum conductors the
electricity; the steel adds strength to prevent the line
ISSN: 2231-5381
from sagging. There are two kinds of electrical lines:
transmission lines that conduct power from a
generating source to substations, and distribution
lines that send power on to individual homes and
businesses. Some provinces and cities have begun to
take power limited policies to alleviate contradiction
of the current electricity supply-demand, how to
resolve this problem has become imperative
responsibility for many power workers. Recently, in
order to prevent overloading of transmission lines,
domestic power system usually adopts the static,
conservative transmission capacity value in design,
which is a conservative static value based on the
severest weather conditions. However, such severe
weather conditions rarely occurred, and it has
resulted in the inefficient use of potential
transmission capacities in most time. The
transmission capacity can be increased only by
adding transmission lines. However, it is becoming
more and more difficult to build new transmission
lines with the transmission lines increased. From the
perspective of sustainable development and
environmental protection, we should pay more
attention from power grids expansion to increase the
potential transmission capacity of available
transmission lines, and enhance the transmission
capacity of power grids, so as to resolve the problems
between high requirement of electricity and difficulty
of new transmission line. At present, some areas
adopt the allowable temperature value of 70°C to
80°C or even 90°C. Properly increasing the allowable
temperature of existing conductors can increase
stable carrying capacity of transmission lines, thereby
the normal transmission capacity is improved. The
method is a breakthrough of current technical
regulations, the impact caused by improving
conductor temperature on conductors, the mechanical
strength and the lifespan of matched fittings, the
increase in sag and so on should be studied. In
addition, if the conductor temperature and the sag can
be real-timely monitored, the dynamic regulation of
the transmission capacity, such as day and night,
cloudy and sunny, summer and winter under the
different environmental conditions can be realized to
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013
improve the transmission capacity. A new direct
method for the measurement of overhead conductor
temperature and sag factors based on GSM SMS and
ZIGBEE has been proposed in this dissertation work
for the purpose of DTLR. This temperature and sag
monitoring device responds to the weather
conditions. The main advantages of the method
include the accurate measurement of conductor sag
and temperature values without recourse to simplified
assumptions that could otherwise affect its accuracy.
With this method, errors caused by insulator swings
could be eliminated. To be able to directly monitor
and display the conductor temperature and sag values
in real time will enable prospective. Engineers to
physically capture the conductor behavior, and to
take judicious steps towards a reliable system
loading. In order to meet these demands Temperature
Monitoring System of Conductors based on GSM
SMS and Zigbee.
II. RELATED WORK
A.ARM7:
The ARM7TDMI-S is a general purpose 32bit microprocessor, which offers high performance
and very low power consumption. The ARM
architecture is based on Reduced Instruction Set
Computer (RISC) principles, and the instruction set
and related decode mechanism are much simpler than
those of micro programmed Complex Instruction Set
Computers. This simplicity results in a high
instruction throughput and impressive real-time
interrupt response from a small and cost-effective
processor core. Pipeline techniques are employed so
that all parts of the processing and memory systems
can operate continuously. Typically, while one
instruction is being executed, its successor is being
decoded, and a third instruction is being fetched from
memory. The ARM7TDMI-S processor also employs
a unique architectural strategy known as THUMB,
which makes it ideally suited to high-volume
applications with memory restrictions, or applications
where code density is an issue. The key idea behind
THUMB is that of a super-reduced instruction set.
Essentially, the ARM7TDMI-S processor has two
instruction sets:
• The standard 32-bit ARM instruction set.
• A 16-bit THUMB instruction set.
The THUMB set’s 16-bit instruction length allows it
to approach twice the density of standard ARM code
while retaining most of the ARM’s performance
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advantage over a traditional 16-bit processor using
16-bit registers. This is possible because THUMB
code operates on the same 32-bit register set as ARM
code. THUMB code is able to provide up to 65% of
the code size of ARM, and 160% of the performance
of an equivalent ARM processor connected to a 16bit memory system.
B. GSM:
The GSM standard allows a maximum
throughput of 9.6 kbps, which allows transmission of
voice and low-volume digital data, for example text
messages SMS OR MMS .GSM (Global System
Mobile Communications) is a global digital mobile
communication system, whose coverage is the most
widely, phone owners is the largest, and reliability is
very high. SMS (Short Message Service) is a kind of
short message service, by which the limited data or
text message can be transmitted. In fact, the
information transmission is achieved by receiving
and sending text message in the businesses center
between mobile phones and other short message
carriers, and the businesses center is an independent
operating system of GSM network whose main
function is submitting, storing, and transferring short
message. SMS is a special and important service as
well as calling for users by GSM system. In this
paper, a self-designed industrial GSM module is
selected to finish the transmission and the decoding
of the monitoring data through AT command and
coding of short message PDU (Protocol Data Unit).
C. ZIGBEE:
ZigBee wireless network technology is a
new standard launched and made by ZigBee
Alliance. The alliance, founded in August 2001, is a
fast-growing and non-profit organization, and it aims
is to provide consumers with more flexible and easier
electronic products. The second half of 2002, four
large corporations including the British company
Invensys, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Motorola
and the Dutch giant Philips Semiconductor
Corporation jointed together to announce that they
would join the "ZigBee Alliance" to invent the nextgeneration wireless communication standards named
"ZigBee", which became a significant milestone in
the development process. In October 2004, the
ZigBee Alliance announced a version 1.0 of ZigBee
protocol, and in December 2005 version 1.1. ZigBee
uses free frequency bands of 2.4 GHz and 900 MHz,
and its transmission rate is 20 kbps to 250 kbps. In
this paper, the perfect chip cc2430 is selected to
design the wireless hardware platforms of ZigBee, a
standard ZigBee wireless network module is
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013
produced, and a reduced version of ZigBee wireless
network protocol is programmed. The Zigbee module
and protocol have been successfully applied to power
system, medical and some other fields.
ZigBee lets you easily and cost-effectively
add intelligent new features that improve the
efficiency,
safety,
security, reliability and
convenience of your products. You can help your
customers save both energy and money, or give them
the tools they need to gain control of their homes. It's
even possible to help people maintain their
independence and allow them to closely monitor their
health and fitness.
D. Temperature Sensor (LM35):
The LM35 series are precision integratedcircuit LM35 temperature sensors, whose output
voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius
(Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 series are
precision integrated-circuit LM35 temperature
sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional
to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35
sensor thus has an advantage over linear temperature
sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage from its
output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The
LM35 sensor does not require any external
calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies
of ±¼°C at room temperature and ±¾°C over a full 55 to +150°C temperature range. Low cost is assured
by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The
LM35's low output impedance, linear output, and
precise inherent calibration make interfacing to
readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be
used with single power supplies, or with plus and
minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA from its
supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1°C
in still air.. The LM35 is rated to operate over a -55°
to +150°C temperature range, while the LM35C
sensor is rated for a -40° to +110°C range (-10° C
with improved accuracy).
III. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Temperature
Monitoring
System
of
Conductors based on GSM SMS and Zigbee is
mainly composed of the communication unit, the
temperature monitoring unit and the expert software,
the topology of system is shown in Fig.1. The
communication unit is installed on the tower with
both GSM and Zigbee communication modules, and
the temperature monitoring unit on the corresponding
conductors with the same potential. According to the
sampling interval time set up remotely by the
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monitoring center, the communication unit can
regularly or real-timely call the temperature
monitoring units controlled by the communication
unit in turn by Zigbee communication. The
temperature monitoring unit, installed on the
conductor or its connectors in a local meteorological
area, can measure the actual operating temperature of
conductors under local weather conditions, send the
temperature of conductor to the communication unit
by Zigbee communication whose frequency is 2.4
GHz.
All the temperatures of conductors coming
from various monitoring points will be packed as
GSM SMS to send to the municipal monitoring
center by GSM communication module. All the
information of the temperature of various points can
be managed by the expert software, and the current
capacities from the SCADA system can be realtimely stored into the database. Then the expected
temperature of conductors, the expected current
capacities, the expected time, the real-time sag, the
expected sag of conductors and so on can be
calculated according to the computing model, and
shown in graphic. When the measured or calculated
temperature or the safe distance exceeds the
allowable value, an alarm message can be send by
GSM SMS to some managers. The operating
parameters of the communication unit, such as time
interval, system time of unit and requests of real-time
data etc., can be remotely modified by GSM
communication. By comparing with allowable
temperature and analyzing, the transmission capacity
will be enhanced with no break of the available
technical regulations. Of course, the operating
temperature of conductors can also be monitored by
this system when the transmission capacity is
increased.
The
Municipal
monitoring
system
Temperature
Monitoring
System
Communication
unit
Temperature
Monitoring
System
Figure 1: Topology of the System
In order to improve the transmission
capacity of conductors with no break of the available
technology, the monitoring of the conductor
temperature is very important. However, the
traditional wireless temperature measurement
methods cannot meet requirements, for example,
using infrared to measure temperature should keep
the distance close (within 5m) and the accuracy of
measurement is low. Using fiber temperature
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013
measurement will not be able to meet the
requirements of insulation for the high-voltage and
long-distance transmission lines. Using radio to
transmit data directly will be difficult to organize an
effective star network with multi-points to one. The
temperature of conductor is the most direct and
important parameter during the operation of
transmission lines, how to real-timely and accurately
monitor the temperature of conductor is the key
technique to solve this problem. The temperature of
environment, conductor, and the crossing, can be
measured by the temperature unit, which is composed
of power module ARM Zigbee communication
module, temperature sensors and so on, as shown in
Fig2.
Communication Unit:
Structure of temperature monitoring device:
Figure 4: Communication Unit
Figure2: Structure of temperature monitoring device
IV. RESULTS
The temperature monitoring system of
conductors based on GSM SMS and Zigbee is
developed in this paper, by which the temperature
controlling of transmission lines conductors is
realized and the stoppage caused by raised
temperature can be avoided. In the transmitting
section,By using LM35 module we can measure the
temperature.It is in analog form and it will be move
to ARM7 processor,so that it will converted to
digital.The measured temperature value transmitted
to receving section by using Zigbee module.
Municipal Monitoring Center:
GSM based
mobile device
Monitoring
system
Figure 3: Municipal Monitoring Center
Figure5: Temperature transmitting section
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013
conductor temperature monitoring devices, but also
can be used for auxiliary monitoring modules in other
high-voltage monitoring equipment, such as
temperature monitoring module in monitoring system
of icing of conductors and so on.
The Monitoring System of Conductors
based on GSM SMS and Zigbee, it is only single
monitoring along the long distance of transmitting
power lines. So the future scope we have to increase
the monitoring sections along the long distance. We
can send acquisition data to municipal monitoring
section. So we can monitor all temperature values
along with the distance of transmitting line.
Figure 6: Temperature monitoring section
Finally the recevied temperature value is
display on the LCD module.If temperature value
exceed the critical value then the ARM7 processor
directly send the signsals to GSM module.So that by
using the GSM module the temperature value is send
to corresponding user and server.
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The temperature monitoring system of
conductors based on GSM SMS and Zigbee is
developed in this paper, by which the temperature
controlling of transmission lines conductors is
realized and the stoppage caused by raised
temperature can be avoided. The power grids
gradually increasing and the new lines building
difficult, improving allowable temperature of
conductors can fully exploit massive transmission
capacity of existing transmission lines, and the
number of new lines or the cost of investment in new
lines can be deduced, the economic and social
benefits brought by it is very large. it has a wide
application backgrounds, not only can be used for
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REFERENCES
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[2] Zhang Xuezhe,Li Xiaoqing,Liu Changqing,and so
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[3] Ma Guodong. Transmission Capacity of Wire and
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