International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Velhale Percolation
Tank Water in Jalgaon District Maharashtra
Hemlata A.Wani#1 and G.P. Waghulade*2
#1
Department of Applied Science, SSBT’s College of Engineering and Technology,
Bambhori,Jalgaon -425001(India)
*2
D.D.N.Bhole college, Bhusawal-425201(India)
Abstract -In the present investigation a rural tank was
selected at Velhale village, Dist. Jalgaon to study the
physico-chemical properties to assess the water
quality status. The physico-chemical parameter such
as temperature, pH, conductivity, chlorides, free CO2 ,
alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, TDS,
BOD, and COD were investigated. Water temperature
fluctuated from 26.07oC to 30.66oC, pH 7.93 to 9.35,
Electrical Conductivity 707.86 to 1056 µmhos/cm,
TDS 260 to 480 mg/L, , alkalinity 174.30 to 254.27
mg/L, total hardness 189.33 to 226.05 mg/L, calcium
26.39 to 47.70 mg/L, magnesium 19.37 to 41.88 mg/L,
Chloride 103.62 to 207.02 mg/L, Free CO2 13.09 to
28.04 mg/L, DO 5.95 to 7.35 mg/L, BOD 1.20 to 2.10
mg/L, and COD 26.85 to 33.12 mg/L.The higher
values of TDS and hardness in the tank is an
indication of water pollution. The estimated water
quality parameters were compared with ISI and WHO
standards. The tank water was found to be suitable for
irrigation and fisheries.
selected for water quality assessment and results
obtained are compared with standards of ISI and
WHO.
Materials and methods For analysis six water samples were collected from six
different places in the Velhale tank. The one sampling
station was at the distance of 10m from the other
sampling
station.
From each
sampling
station
following types of water samples were studied for
each month of every season. Water samples for
analysis were collected in sterilized two liter capacity
polyethylene
can
having
double
stopper.
The
temperature was recorded on the spot using 1x10
thermometer, DO was fixed at the time of sampling
Keywords - Physico-chemical parameters, COD,
BOD, TDS etc.
and the other parameters like pH, con d u c t i v i t y
Introduction Velhale tank is situated at 21o00’00" N latitude and
calcium, magnesium, TDS, BOD, and COD were
75o 52’00" E longitude. Velhale tank is amongst the
and conductivity, pH meter and conductometer were
few
The
used. The standard procedure as given by APHA
construction of this tank was started in 1952 and it
(1995) [4] and Procedures followed using the
was completed in 1955. The catchment area of
literature given in Trivedi R.K. and Goel P.K. (1986)
Velhale tank is 27.32 sq.km. Storage capacity of this
[17] were followed for water analysis. The samples
tank is 1.99 m3 Velhale tank is earthen type tank and
were collected from April 2007 to February2008.
larger
tanks
of
Bhusawal
district.
c h l o r i d e s , f r e e C O 2 , Alkalinity, total hardness,
estimated in laboratory. For the determination of pH
spillway of tank is channel type ungated.
Water of this tank is supplied to Varangaon town
and Sakri, Fulgaon, Jatgaon, Manyarkheda Villages.
Water of this tank is contaminated due to the
percolation of fly ash from the pipes which passing
over the tank. The tank water is mainly used for
irrigation and fisheries.
In present investigation the physico-chemical
parameters of water at Velhale and storage point were
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
The hydrogen ion concentration of the water is
Results and discussion-
Table no.1 Minimum and maximum values of the influenced by biological activities beside an addition of
physico-chemical parameters of Velhale Tank chemical substances. Presence of organic matter in
during April 2007-February 2008
large quantity may lower pH values due to the release
of CO2. pH is an indication of type and intensity of
Sr.
Physico-
Units
No.
chemical
used
Parameter
1
Temperature
2
pH
3
Electrical
pollution. In the present investigation, higher pH values
Minimum
Maximum
values
values
26.070C
30.660C
found in rainy season. The overall pH is high and water
7.93
9.35
is alkaline. The pH ranged between 7.93 to 9.35
µmhos/cm
707.86
1056
mg/L
260
480
0
C
Conductivity
4
were found in winter season and lower pH values were
Total dissolved
indicating
alkaline
water
reaction
which
was
considered to be highly conductive for aquatic life.
Similar pH values have been reported by Kiran et.al.,
solid
5
Total Alkalinity
mg/L
174.30
254.27
(2005)[8]. Higher pH during the winter season was
6
Total Hardness
mg/L
189.33
226.05
possibly due to exhaustion of the carbon dioxide from
7
Calcium
mg/L
26.39
47.70
tank water for photosynthesis (Bandela 1998) [5].
8
Magnesium
mg/L
19.37
41.88
9
Chloride
mg/L
103.62
207.02
10
Free CO2
mg/L
13.09
28.04
11
Dissolved
mg/L
5.95
7.35
Electrical Conductivity During the period of present work, the maximum
conductivity of tank water was found in rainy season
and less in winter season in accordance with the
Oxygen
12
BOD
mg/L
1.20
2.10
13
COD
mg/L
26.85
33.12
Temperature-
water are given in Table no.1. The highest temperature
of tank water was recorded in summer and lowest in
winter season. As rise in temperature leads to the
speeding up to the chemical reactions in water,
reduces the solubility of gases and amplifies the taste
and odour. The temperature influences different
physiological process of algal blooms. It also
enhances the metabolic processes in certain species
which leads to high pollution load. Mane A.M. and
Pawar S.K. (2007) [6] reported that as higher
temperature recorded in May. Kamal Kishor, B. D.
Joshi and Deepali (2005) [7] showed temperature
fluctuation of pond water at Khanpur village in
Bareilly district (U.P.) which ranges between 11.30C
to 19.60C. Similar results have been observed by S. A.
Manjare, S. A. Vhanalakar and D. V. Muley (2010)
pH -
ISSN: 2231-5381
their investigation of water from Khadkawasala
reservoir, Pune. Electrical conductivity is measure of
The physico-chemical parameters of Velhale tank
[1].
observations made by Kamble et.al.,(2008) [16] during
the total amount of dissolved ions in the water but
rather the total amount of dissolved ions in the water. In
present study least value recorded in winter season. The
least value in conductance in winter season also
recorded by Jadhav and Deshmukh (2006) [9] during
the study of Rankala and Kalamba lakes water of
Kolhapur district. During the present investigation the
maximum conductivity was observed in rainy season,
which
was
1056
(µmhos/
cm)
and
minimum
conductivity was recorded during winter season, which
was 707.86 (µ mhos/cm).
Total Alkalinity During the study period the minimum value of
alkalinity was 254.27 mg/L and minimum value was
159.67
mg/L
during
rainy
and
winter
season
respectively. Noor Alam (2008) [3] recorded the same
results in their investigation of Pachamba Pond water
(Giridih). He reported that the total alkalinity was due
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
to bicarbonates which varied from 76 to 135 mg/L. sample were found in summer season. Ravikumar
Occurrence of high bicarbonates indicates the presence et.al.,(2006)[12]recorded the minimum concentration of
of sewage rich alkaline substances and also high values magnesium was noticed in rainy season i.e. in July to
of alkaline pH showing that the pond is highly September and maximum was recorded in May i.e in
productive. Kanungo et.al., (2006) [10] also recorded summer season in their investigation on Kulahalli Tank
the minimum value of alkalinity in the month of water
near
Hrappanahalli,
Davanagere
district,
December while maximum during the month of June, it Karnataka. He has stated that when the rainfall is high,
was due to higher amount of bound carbon dioxide it deplete magnesium quantity in water. The minimum
during their investigation on Doodhadahri pond of and maximum magnesium values were 19.37 and 41.88
Raipur.
mg/L respectively. According to the standards of ISI
Total Hardness -
and WHO, it can be said that magnesium content
The hardness is mainly due to dissolved salts of values of Velhale tank water of most of sampling
calcium and magnesium ions present in water. During stations selected in study area are around prescribed
the present investigation, higher values of hardness limits.
were observed in winter season, while lower values Chloride were observed in summer season. Higher values of In the present investigation Chloride contents range
hardness can be attribution to low water level and high from 103.62 to 178.44 mg/L. The minimum and
rate of evaporation. The minimum and maximum maximum values of chlorides content were found in
values of hardness of tank water were 189.33 and winter and summer season respectively. In all the
226.05 mg/L respectively. But according to ISI and sampling point chloride contents were low in winter,
WHO standards, the desirable and the maximum this may be due to the higher concentration of chlorides
permissible values of total hardness for drinking water during summer may be due to reduced water level and
are 200 mg/L, 600 mg/L (ISI) and 100 mg/L, 500 mg/L occasional run off loaded with contaminated water in to
respectively.
the water body from surrounding villages. In the
Calcium -
present study the maximum chloride content was
In the present investigations, maximum values of observed in summer season. Similar results were
calcium were found in winter season while minimum recorded by Ravikumar et.al, (2006) [12]. In their
values of calcium were found in summer season. It investigation maximum chloride content was observed
ranges from 26.39 to 47.7 mg/L. Similar trends were in June. The increase in chloride content may be due to
observed by Ravikumar et.al. (2006) [12] during their increased temperature and evapotranspiration of water
investigation
of
Neelgunda
tank
water
near bodies.The same results were also recorded by
Harapanahalli. According to them, when the rainfall is Basavaraja et.al, (2011) [2].
According to ISI and
high, it depletes calcium quantity in water. Increase in WHO standards the desirable chloride content values
calcium values in winter season could be attributed to are 250 and 250-1000 mg/L. In the present study the
the rapid oxidation of organic matter in the substrate.
values of chloride were well below the WHO and ISI
Magnesium-
limits and as such, the water appears suitable for
During the period of present finding, mostly lower drinking, irrigation and fisheries.
values of magnesium were obtained in rainy season, Free CO2 which might be due to its dilution by rainwater while During the present investigation the maximum value of
higher values of magnesium in most of the water free CO2 found 28.04 mg/L in the winter season and
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
minimum value of free CO2 was 13.09 mg/L recorded oxygen in water can kill the fish and other organisms
during summer season. The free CO2 values variation present in water e.g. Game fish requires at least 5 mg/L
was also studied by Kishor, Joshi and Deepali (2005) and coarse fish about 5 mg/L at minimum DO in
[7]. Similar results also recorded by Mahajan water (C.L.Patil 2004) [14]. Similar maximum and
S.R.(2001)[13] during their investigation on minimum values of DO recorded by Kanungo et.al,
elocological studies of algae from certain lakes of (2006) [10]. The minimum value was recorded in the
Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. He also recorded the months of August and maximum in the December, it
similar results in his investigation, he found the higher was resulted due to greater consumption of oxygen by
values of free CO in winter season this might be due to organisms during the rainy month. Similar values of
2
high abundance of phytoplankton in the tank. Water DO also recorded by Mahajan S.R.(2001) [13] during
rich in CO was comparatively less alkaline where as their investigation on ecological studies of algae from
2
water deficient in the CO2 was more alkaline at all certain lakes of the progresses in winter, may be due to
circulation by cooling and draw down of dissolved
stations of the Velhale tank in the present study.
oxygen in water.
TDS During
the
present
investigation
the
maximum
BOD -
concentration of TDS was recorded during winter In the present study period, the maximum value of
season and minimum concentration of TDS was BOD was recorded in winter season and minimum
recorded during rainy season. The lower TDS value value of BOD was recorded in summer season. The
during rainy season in tank water is obviously due to variation BOD values ranged from 1.2 to 2.1 mg/L.
dilution of water in this season. The similar results Kishor, Joshi and Deepali (2005)[7] recorded he BOD
were also recorded by Ravikumar et.al.(2006) [11,12] variation between 1.20 to 4.42 mg/L. The minimum
during their study on Neelgunda tank water near value of BOD was noted in the month of March and
Harapanahalli, Davanagere. They recorded the lowest their investigation on pond water at Khanpur village in
value of TDS in the month of August, and highest value Bareilly district (U.P). The biochemical oxygen
of TDS in the month of February. They gave the TDS demand is said to be low and such a water course is
value variation between 25.6-71.68 mg/L. In the rapidly restored. If the pollution load is massive large,
present study, among all the stations of the tank water quantities of oxygen are consumed during self
showed greater values of TDS. This was due to purification then the biochemical oxygen demand of
contamination of water. The results of such type was water is said to be high.
recorded by Mahajan S.R.(2001) [13] during their study COD period, on ecological studies of algae from certain lakes During the present study period, the maximum value of
of Jalgaon district of north Maharashtra.
COD was 33.12 mg/ L recorded in rainy season while
Dissolved Oxygen -
minimum value of COD was 26.85 mg/L recorded in
During the present study work, maximum dissolved summer season. Similar values of COD were recorded
oxygen was recorded in winter season and minimum by Jadhav and Deshmukh(2006) [9] in their
dissolved oxygen was recorded in rainy season. The investigation of water of Rankala and Kalamba lakes of
winter maxima can be attributed to the highest Kolhapur district of Maharashtra. In their study period
solubility of oxygen gas due to low temperature. The the maximum value was recorded in rainy season and
minimum quantity of dissolved oxygen required in minimum value was recorded in summer season.
water depends upon the individual organism. Low
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International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)
[17]
Conclusion Thus we conclude that the water parameters of the tank
Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K.(1986) : ‘Chemical and
Biological Method for water pollution studies’ pp-8
[Environmental publications, Karad (India) 1986]
are well within the limits of ISI and WHO standards.
Hence the water would be used for drinking, irrigation
and fisheries. However continuous monitoring of tank
water is necessary to avoid any future drastic changes
in the quality of the water.
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