Marine and Coastal Geographic
Information Systems
A European Perspective
David R. Green
CMCZM, University of Aberdeen
Scotland, UK
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
OUTLINE
• Introduction
• History/Timeline
• GIS and the Geospatial Technologies
• Some Example Applications
• Some EU Projects
• Education and Training
• Summary and Conclusions
• Future
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
INTRODUCTION
• GIS has a long history
• Many factors have driven the
development of GIS
• Many applications
• Many disciplines
• Generic technology used by many
disciplines
• Rapidly evolving technology
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/gistimeline/
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
OGC
CoastGIS 1995
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
CoastGIS 1997
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
HISTORY / TIMELINE
CoastGIS 1997
Interoperability (IJGIS)
• Internet
• Online Mapping/GIS
• Mobile Hardware & Software
• Google Earth / Virtual Earth / NASA World Wind
• Mash-Ups
20
08
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
KEY DRIVERS
People
Data
• Computers
• Computer Cartography / CAD / Databases
• Microprocessors
• Microcomputers
• Pioneers
• Software
• Champions
• Resources / Conferences
• Magazines
• Courses
• Data Sources
Education
• Mobile Platforms
IT
• And much has been driven by IT
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
THE GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES
• GIS
• Remote Sensing (Airborne & Spaceborne)
• Cartography / Digital Mapping
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
• Online Databases
• Internet and Online Services
• Mobile Technology
• and all the related areas of technology ……….
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
GEOSPATIAL SOFTWARE
• Erdas Imagine (DIP)
• ArcView / ArcGIS (GIS)
• BAE SocetSet (Photogrammetry)
• MapViewer (Cartography)
• Mapserver / Geoserver (Map/Image Servers)
• Google Earth & Utilities (Online)
• MS-Access (Database)
• GeoDa (Spatial Analysis)
• Photoshop / Illustrator (Graphics)
• SBAS (Modelling)
• and many Utilities e.g. Shape2Earth
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
FUNCTIONALITY
• Monitoring
• Mapping (including mobile)
• Visualization
• Information Extraction
• Spatial Analysis
• Modelling
• Animation
• Simulation
• and … to customise applications to access
and communicate information, incorporate
public participation, and to develop educational
and training materials
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
GIS in Europe
• Several Papers in book:
• Coastal/Marine GI/GIS - Pan-European
Perspective
• European CZM and the Global Spatial Data
Infrastructure Initiative (GSDI)
• Mid 1980s - 1990s
• Countries sharing coastlines in “Europe”
• List EU/International organisations involved in
Coastal and Marine (SDI) (UNEP, UNESCO,
EEA, JRC, ICCOPS, MEDCOAST, HELCOM,
UNESCO)
Coastal and Marine Geo-Information
Systems Applying the Technology to the
Environment Series: Coastal Systems
and Continental Margins , Vol. 4
Green, David R.; King, Stephen D. (Eds.)
2003, 620 p., Hardcover ISBN: 978-07923-5686-8
Projects (MAST, DGXII, IMPACT)
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
Boundary
Data
OS Data
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
DEMS AND COASTAL CHANGE
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
Camera 5
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
ArcView
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
MODELS
SBAS
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
3D VISUALISATION MODELS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
UK Maritime Coastguard Agency (MCA)
Lidar Bathymetry, Sidescan Sonar, Multibeam Sonar
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COASTAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
EU Projects
Nature-GIS is a
network bringing
together the different
stakeholders in
protected areas:
users and experts in
IT and in nature
conservation.
• Nature-GIS
• Eurosion
• Corepoint
• MOTIIVE
• COMPASS
• Marine XML
Marine Overlays on Topography for
Annex II Valuation and Exploitation MOTIIVE - is a 2-year project funded
by the European Union 6 Framework
RTD Programme in relation to the
joint EC and European Space
Agency programme GMES - Global
Monitoring for Environment and
Security.
As part of its objectives, EUROSION has produced a
GIS database at scale 1:100,000 meant to provide
baseline information on the different factors influencing
coastal erosion processes and the value of assets at
risk. The full GIS database is now part of the
Geographical Information System of the European
Commission (GISCO) and has to be requested directly
to EUROSTAT.
(COastal Marine Perception Application for
Scientific Scholarship) - COMPASS will
investigate the development of semantic
tools for assisting those conducting
research into coastal environments. It will
demonstrate the benefits of developing an
‘ontologically-driven’ infrastructure for the
marine domain, to address issues of
discovery, access and use of scientific
resources including data, metadata and
citations to journal articles and other
resources.
The eXtensible Mark-Up Language
(XML) developed by the World
Wide Web Consortium can be
used to develop a framework that
improves the interoperability of
data in support of marine
observing systems.
Funded under the INTERREG
IIIB programme, Corepoint is a
€4.2m project with 12 Partners
from Ireland, UK, France,
Netherlands and Belgium and
is led by the Coastal & Marine
Resources Centre in University
College Cork. The Project will
utilise the expertise within the
project consortium to attempt to
progress the development and
implementation of Integrated
Coastal Zone Management
(ICZM) solutions across the
Northwest
Europe
(NWE)
region.
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
• EUROSION
• NATURE-GIS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
COREPOINT
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
WIDESPREAD USE
• Education: Teaching & Training
• Research: Spatial Analysis
• Consultancy: Practical Applications
• Management / Practitioner
• Multiple different ways that theses
technologies can be used on their own or
integrated
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
EDUCATION & TRAINING
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
VIRTUAL FIELDTRIPS
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Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
REMAINING PROBLEMS / ISSUES
• Availability of Data
• Costs of Data
• Copyright Issues
• Metadata
• Accuracy
• Standards
• Data Models
• Spatial Data Infrastructures
• Interoperability
• Security
• Confidentiality
• Progress ….. but many are still ongoing
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
• Multiple software and utilities
• Multiple applications
• Integration
• Exploratory data analysis
• Spatial analysis and modelling
• Visualization
• Online access to data and information
• Participatory applications
• Education and Training
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
FUTURE
• What is GIS? Tool, Discipline, or Science?
• GIS has an opportunity to empower people with new
decision-making tools, not simply entrap them in a new
technology and an avalanche of data.
• Effective GIS applications have little to do with data and
everything to do with understanding, creativity and
perspective.
• Its use must become second nature for both accessing
spatial data/information and translating it into the
knowledge/wisdom needed to address increasingly complex
environmental issues.
(Joseph K. Berry, 1999. GIS TECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: a
Brief History, Trends and Probable Future)
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium
Second BeNCoRe Conference: Geographic Information Systems in Coastal and
Marine Research and Management
www.abdn.ac.uk/cmczm
THANK YOU
David R. Green, Director
Centre for Marine and
Coastal Zone Management
Department of Geography
University of Aberdeen
Elphinstone Road
Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, Scotland, UK
Tel. +44 01224 272324
Fax. +44 01224 272331
Email. d.r.green@abdn.ac.uk
Opportunities and New Perspectives for Coastal and Marine Research
Friday 30 May 2008, Leuven, Belgium