Arab British Academy for Higher Education Aims Context The aims of this lesson are to improve your skills in the following areas: how you express what you did single past actions, regular verbs single past actions, irregular verbs compound verbs (present perfect) more than, less than, most, least: (adjectives, adverbs) This Lesson is a follow-up to Lesson Two which introduced you to different irregular verbs. In that lesson you had written quite a full list of irregular verbs, and it would pay you to go back to that Lesson and have another look at it. The Past Simple This Lesson aims to show how in the past there are a variety of types of action. We have looked at the Conditional which is a form of the Past; now we are going to look at what is called Past Simple. In Lesson Two there is a reasonable list of the Present and the Present Perfect, also called a compound tense as it has more than one word. Here we are going to look a bit more carefully at the Simple Past Tense (consisting of one word describing single past actions) This Past Tense is often called a Narrative Tense as it is found in stories, reports, and newspapers. The compound tense is called Present Perfect (I have spoken and so on) and is found in conversation, dealing mostly with what recently happened. Here are some examples of Simple Past Actions: (alphabetical) First Regular (which means most verbs... 1 www.abahe.co.uk Arab British Academy for Higher Education abandon abolish amble ban boast call cover dream open sew sow talk walk want wish abandoned (one n) abolished ambled banned (2 ns) boasted called covered dreamed opened sewed sowed talked walked wanted wished Now Irregular; please refer to the list in Lesson Two. PRESENT To be able to be break bring come cut do drive eat fall find give go have hear know lead leave make put say see seek 2 www.abahe.co.uk PAST was able, could was broke brought came cut did drove ate fell found gave went had heard knew led left made put said saw Arab British Academy for Higher Education sought shut spoke took told wrote shut speak take tell write You will notice that a number of these verbs are the same in the Past as the Present e.g. cut, shut, put; also notice the different pronunciation of put and shut, although the same spelling! What a mass of contradictions English is! And to work out the actual meaning of any of these verbs, you have to check the context, as at times the same word is used for different tenses: we will be having a look at the Imperfect (the descriptive Past Tense) in the next chapter... Activity 1 Put the following sentences into the Past Tense: try not to look up the verb lists but if you have to, do the exercise again until you can do it unassisted. The Key is at the end of this Lesson. a) We often seek, but less often find b) The best people do not boast of their achievements c) Is he able to do this exercise? No, he cannot d) The farmer does not sow seed in stony ground; he prefers fertile land e) Do you know what this means? Yes, I know it very well f) Philip only speaks when he is spoken to g) I have £5 left: how much have you got? h) Mary cuts the paper with her little scissors i) You tell me the truth and I find it unpleasant All Rights Reserved © Arab British Academy for Higher Education 3 www.abahe.co.uk