SSP 2015 Workshop Technical Program: Dec. 14,15, Orlando, FL
Chairs: Seyed (Reza) Zekavat, Michigan Tech, Darel Preble, Space Solar Power Institute
Monday Dec. 14 2015
Plenary Talks 8:30-10am
1. Ali Hajimiri (Caltech) SpaceBasedSolarPower:Isthereapathfromsciencefictiontoreality?
Bio:AliHajimirireceivedhisB.S.degreeinElectronicsEngineeringfromtheSharifUniversityofTechnology,andM.S.and
Ph.D.degreesinelectricalengineeringfromtheStanfordUniversityin1996and1998,respectively.HeistheThomasG.
MyersProfessorofElectricalEngineeringandMedicalEngineering,aswellastheDepartmentHead(ExecutiveOfficer)for
ElectricalEngineeringattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,Pasadena.Hisresearchinterestsarehigh-speedandhigh
frequencyintegratedcircuitsforapplicationsinsensors,biomedicaldevices,photonics,andcommunicationsystems.Prior
to joining Caltech, he worked for Philips Semiconductors, Sun Microsystems, and Bell Laboratories. Dr. Hajimiri was
selected to the TR35 top innovator's list (formerly TR100) and as the 2014 National Blavatnik Award finalist. He is a
Fellow of IEEE and has served as a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Solid-State and Microwave Societies. He is the
recipient of Caltech's Graduate Students Council Teaching and Mentoring award as well as the Associated Students of
CaltechUndergraduateExcellenceinTeachingAward.HewastheGoldmedalwinneroftheNationalPhysicsCompetition
and the Bronze Medal winner of the 21st International Physics Olympiad, Groningen, Netherlands. Prof. Hajimiri has
authoredandcoauthoredclosetotwohundredrefereedjournalandconferencetechnicalarticleswithmorethanthirteen
thousand citations. He has been granted more than seventy U.S. and European patents and has served on numerous
technical program panels and committees.In 2002, he co-founded Axiom Microdevices Inc. with two of his former
graduatestudents,whichmassproducedandshippedmorethat250millionunitsofworld'sfirstfully-integratedRFCMOS
poweramplifier.
2. Chris Valenta (Georgia Tech. Research Institute) HarvestingWirelessPower:CurrentCapabilitiesand
FutureDirections
Abstract: This talk will address far-field, wireless power transfer systems used for solar powered
satellites, internet-of-things applications, and RFID. An overview of the basic fundamentals of wireless
powertransferwillbepresentedfollowedbythecurrentstate-of-the-artenergy-harvesterefficienciesfor
UHFtomicrowavetomillimeterwavesystems.Byfocusingontheunderlyingphysicalprinciplesofthe
harvesting mechanisms and taking advantage of unique semiconductor combinations, circuit
configurations, and excitationwaveform designs, it is possible to greatlyenhance the RF-to-DC
conversion efficiency of wireless power transfer systems - increasing their range, reliability, and
effectiveness.
Bio:ChristopherR.ValentareceivedtheBSinECEandOEfromtheRose-HulmanInstituteofTechnologyandtheMSand
PhD in ECE from the Georgia Institute of Technology wherehe pioneered work in microwave-energy harvesting using
power-optimizedwaveforms.Heiscurrentlyaresearchengineer,branchhead,andShacklefordFellowattheGeorgiaTech
Research Institute Electro-optical Systems Laboratory. Dr. Valenta is also the winner of the 2015 IEEE Microwave
MagazineBestPaperAward.
SSP–S1 Technology Panel 10:30am -12:30pm (Ali Hajimiri, Chris Valenta, John Mankins, Bong Wie)
1. John Mankins (President, Artemis Innovation Management Solutions LLC) SPS-ALPHA:AHyper-modular
ApproachtotheTechnologyofSpaceSolarPower
Bio: John C. Mankins is a leader in systems innovation and management. He is President of Artemis Innovation
Management Solutions LLC, founder of Mankins Space Technology, Inc., and former Chief Technologist for Human
Exploration and Development of Space at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C. His 25-year career at NASA spanned
flight projects and operations, including management of major advanced technology R&D programs. He holds
undergraduate (Harvey Mudd College) and graduate (UCLA) degrees in Physics, and an MBA in Public Policy Analysis
1
(Claremont Graduate University). He is a member of the International Academy of Astronautics and of the Sigma Xi
ResearchSociety.
2. Bong Wie (Iowa State University) OrbitandAttitudeControlIssuesforVeryLargeSpaceSolarPower
Satellites(SSPS)
Abstract:ThistalkpresentsanoverviewofvariousconfigurationsofverylargeSSPSproposedduringthe
past 20 years. In particular, attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) design issues in the presence
variousdisturbanceforcesandtorqueswillbediscussedusinga1.2GWAbacusplatformingeostationary
orbitthatwasonceexaminedbyNASAinlate1990s.AproposedAOCSarchitecturefora1.2GW(3.2by
3.2 km) Abacus SSPS utilizes electric thrusters for integrated attitude and orbit eccentricity control by
counteracting, simultaneously, attitude disturbance torques and a large orbital perturbing force.
Significant control-structure interaction, possible for such a very large flexible structure, is avoided by
employing a low-bandwidth attitude control system. However, a cyclic-disturbance accommodating
controlconceptisutilizedtoprovideproperattitudestabilizationinthepresenceofdynamicmodeling
uncertaintiesandcyclicexternaldisturbances.Otherspacesystemsengineeringissuesforlaunchingand
buildingverylargeSSPSingeostationaryorbitwillalsobediscussed.
Bio:BongWieistheVanceCoffmanEndowedChairProfessorofAerospaceEngineeringatIowaStateUniversity,Ames,
Iowa.HereceivedhisB.S.inaerospaceengineeringfromSeoulNationalUniversity,andM.S.andPh.D.inaeronauticsand
astronauticsfromStanfordUniversity.ProfessorWie’snotablecontributionsinthefieldsofspacecraftguidance,control,
anddynamics,includinghisseminalworkonthecontrolsystemsdesignfortheInternationalSpaceStation,haveearned
him high regard in the aerospace GN&C community. During the late 1990s, he was the PI of a research project for
developing an AOCS architecture of NASA’s Abacus SSPS. In 2006, the AIAA presented Dr. Wie with the Mechanics and
Control of Flight Award for his innovative research on advanced control of complex spacecraft such as solar sails, large
flexible structures, and agile imaging satellites equipped with control moment gyros. Since 2007, Dr. Wie has been
establishingauniqueresearchinitiativeprogramatIowaStatetodevelopinnovative,yetpractical,spacetechnologiesfor
mitigatingtheimpactthreatofhazardousasteroidsorcomets.In2011-2014,hewasaNIAC(NASAAdvancedInnovative
Concepts) Phase 1 & 2 Fellow for developing an innovative solution to NASA’s near-Earth object (NEO) impact threat
mitigation grand challenge and its flight validation mission design. His AIAA textbook Space Vehicle Dynamics and
Control(2ndedition,2008,950pages)isaclassicinthisfield.Hehaspublished180conferencepapers,including60peerreviewed journal articles. He has three patents on singularity-avoidance steering logic of control moment gyros. His
secondAIAAbooktitled"SpaceVehicleGuidance,Control,andAstrodynamics"waspublishedinAugust2015.
3. NobuyukiKaya(Kobe University, Japan/Space Canada)RecentAdvancesinRetro-directiveAntennafor
theMicrowavePowerTransmissionforSSP
Bio:ProfessorNobuyukiKaya,B.E.,M.E.andPh.D.,earnedhisdegreesatKyotoUniversity.HeiscurrentlytheViceDeanof
theGraduateSchoolofEngineeringatKobeUniversityinJapan.HeheldthepositionofVisitingAssociateProfessorofthe
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. His areas of research include Space Solar Power (SSP), microwave power
transmissionandspaceobservationofenergeticparticles.Hehasperformednumerousspaceandgrounddemonstrations;
in 2006 he and an international team from Japan and the European Space Agency successfully tested microwave beam
control for an SPS using an ISAS sounding rocket and three daughter satellites deploying a large web: the “Furoshiki”
experiment.Heplayedacentralroleinthedemonstrationofkeysolar-poweredwirelesstransmissionaspartoftheOrbital
PowerPlantepisodeoftheProjectEarthtelevisionseriesontheDiscoveryChannel.KayaisVicePresidentofaUNNGO,the
SUNSAT Energy Council and is also Chair for Space Infrastructure in the International Astronautical Federation (IAF)
SteeringCommitteeandwasChairoftheIAFPowerCommitteeforsixyears.
SSP – S2 Paper and Abstract 1:30 -3:00pm
1. Erinn van Wynsberghe, Paul Jaffe (McMaster University and Naval Research Lab) High-AltitudeBalloon
forWirelessPowerTransmission;
Abstract: Thedevelopmentofageostationary,ultra-longdurationhigh-altitudeballooncouldrepresent
significantimprovementsfortelecommunicationandhigh-altitudeobservationservices,offeringgreatly
2
reducedcost,complexity,andriskcomparedtosatellites,telecomtowers,andunmannedaerialvehicles
(UAVs or ‘drones’). Advancement in this field is burdened, however by propulsion system energy
requirementsinexcessofbothsolarpowerharnessingcapabilitiesandbatterystoragemasslimits.One
solution is to deliver power wirelessly to the craft from a ground-based transmitter to operate the
onboardpropulsionsystemandfacilitatelong-term,uninterruptedmissions.Alightweightsuperpressure
balloon is proposed for deployment to an altitude of 25 km. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) thrusters are
presentedtoovercomestratosphericwindsandmaintainpositionorguidethecrafttoadesiredlocation.
Energycanbeprovidedremotelyfromaground-basedgenerator(devicessuchasamagnetron,klystron,
etc.) and steered electrically with an antenna array (such as phased array, retrodirective array, etc.). A
coherentelectromagneticwaveateither2.45or5.8GHzissenttoarectifyingantenna(‘rectenna’)onthe
bottom of the balloon, where the wave is converted into direct current for onboard use. Mission
architecture,energyrequirementsandsafetyconcernsforaproposedsystemarepresentedalongwith
recommendedfuturework.
Bio: Mr. van Wynsberghe (M.Eng, B.Eng) is a research engineer at McMaster University, investigating wireless power
transmissionapplicationsandtechnologies.HisgraduateworkattheUniversityofMichiganledtothedevelopmentofa
novelapplicationofWPT,sendingenergyfromthegroundtoahigh-altitudeballoon,whichenablespropulsionforstationkeeping.HepresentedtheresultsatIAC2015inJerusalemandisintheprocessofformingacompanytocommercialize
thetechnology.HisworkatMcMasterinvolvesthedevelopmentandoptimizationofaroom-temperaturesoldstateMaser
for various applications including WPT as well as coherent communication, low-noise amplification, medical diagnosis,
anddirectopticalpoweringoftransceivers.HeisamemberoftheIAFSpacePowerCommittee.
2. Mingyu Lu (Western Virginia University) EmployingPhase-ConjugationAntennaArraytoBeam
MicrowavePowerfromSatellitetoEarth
Abstract: This presentation has two parts. In the first part, theoretical analysis is conducted on
employing phase-conjugation antenna array to beam microwave power from satellite to earth in the
context of space solar power (SSP) applications. Our analysis reveals that, the phase-conjugation array
must have aperture dimension greater than 1 km by 1 km in order to be applicable to practical SSP
systems.Moreover,antennaarraywithsuchalargesizedoesnotbehaveasaconventionalphasedarray,
inthatthepowerreceiveronearthresidesinthearray'sFresnelregionratherthanfar-fieldregion.The
secondpartofthistalkpresentssomeofourexperimentalresultsofwirelesspowertransmissionbased
on phase-conjugation antenna array. All the experiments were conducted in the lab, thus are far from
applicabletoSSP.Nevertheless,ourexperimentaleffortsverifythepracticalfeasibilityofwirelesspower
transmissionbasedonphase-conjugationarraytosomeextent.
Bio:MingyuLureceivedthePh.D.degreeinelectricalengineeringfromtheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaignin
2002.From2002to2005,hewasapostdoctoralresearchassociateattheElectromagneticsLaboratoryintheUniversity
ofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.HewasanassistantprofessorwiththeDepartmentofElectricalEngineering,University
ofTexasatArlingtonfrom2005to2012.HejoinedtheDepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,WestVirginia
University Institute of Technology in 2012 and he is currently an associate professor. His research interests include
wireless power transmission, radar systems, microwave remote sensing, antenna design, and computational
electromagnetics.
3. Mohsen Jamalabdollahi, Reza Zekavat (Michigan Tech) TimeandFrequencySynchronizationfor SpacebasedSolarPowerSatellitesNetworkviaweightedOFDMA
Bio:MohsenisaPh.D.studentatMichiganTechUniversity.HisresearchinterestsisdesignofTime-of-Arrivaland
Synchronizationmechanismsforcommunicationsystems.Hehasauthoredmultiplejournalandconferencepapersin
thisarea.
4. Paul Jaffe (Naval Research Lab) ModularSpaceSolarPowerPathfinderMissioninLowEarthOrbit
3
Abstract: Since the 1960s, researchers and engineers have investigated the possibility of employing
satellitestocollectthesun’senergyinspacefortransmissiontoearthforterrestrialconsumption.This
approach offers a way to overcome limitations of traditional ground-based solar associated with
nighttime, clouds, and atmospheric losses. It also poses a unique opportunity for power to be provided
nearlygloballywithoutexistinggridinfrastructure,aprospectthatisattractiveformilitaryoperations,
disaster response scenarios, and developing countries. Significant challenges to the realization of the
concept have historically included the high costs of space launch and spacecraft hardware, and the
enormousscaleofmostproposedsystems.Forthemostcommonlypositedwirelesspowertransmission
schemes, using microwaves below 9 GHz, there have been further stumbling blocks inherent to the
physics of required aperture sizes for efficient transmission and in addressing regulatory issues. The
modular space solar power pathfinder mission proposed herein endeavors to build off of recent
technologicaladvancesanddemonstrationstooutlineatechnicallyfeasibleandeconomicallyattractive
demonstration that would be a precursor to an operational space solar power system. This is
accomplishedbyusingthesameorsimilarmodularelementsthatwouldbeusedintheultimatesystem,
andbyreducingcostsandaperturesizedemandsbyresidinginlowearthorbit.
Bio:Dr.PaulJaffeisanelectronicsengineer,researcher,andintegrationandtestingsectionheadattheNavalResearch
Laboratory (NRL). He has worked on over a dozen NASA, NOAA, DARPA, Air Force, and other sponsor space missions,
including SSULI, STEREO, TacSat-1, TacSat-4, MIS, CARINA, and GEO Robotics. He led spacecraft computer hardware
development and developed standards as part of the Department of Defense’s Operationally Responsive Space effort. He
servedascoordinatorandeditorofNRL’sSpaceSolarPower(SSP)studyreportandwastheprincipalinvestigatorfora
ground-breakingSSP-relatedresearcheffort.Hiscurrentrolesincludeprogrammanagementandsystemsengineeringof
severalNRLprojects.Dr.JaffeisalsoactiveineducationalandSTEMoutreach.
SSP–S3 Paper and Abstract 3:30 - 5:30pm
1. Gary Barnhard (Xtraordinary Innovative Space Partnerships, Inc. - XISP-Inc.) UnbundlingSpacePower
SystemstofosterSpace-to-SpacePowerBeamingApplications
Abstract: OnepathtohastenthedevelopmentofviableSSPtechnologyapplicationsisthroughfocused
incremental technology development, which mitigates perceived cost, schedule, and technical risk
associatedwithitsuse.Thispresentationwilladdressonesuchpossiblefocusedeffort--theunbundling
ofspacepowersystems(i.e.,theseparationofpowergeneration,transmission,management,andloads).
Bio: Gary Barnhard, President & CEO, Xtraordinary Innovative Space Partnerships, Inc., He is a Robotic Space Systems
Engineer involved in the technical advocacy and development of space based solar power systems for space-to-space,
space-to-alternate-surface,and/orspace-to-spacepowerbeaming.
2. Trevor Brown (Auburn University) AnIndustry-GovernmentPartnershipforSpaceSolarPower
Bio: Trevor Brown recently graduated with a Ph.D. in political science from Auburn University. He will be an adjunct
professorinpoliticalscienceatAuburninSpring2016.Hisrecentbookisentitled"TheDigitalGalacticComplex."
3. Joshua Gigantino (Arizona State University) SingleNumberLifeCycleAssessmentofSpaceSolarPower
Abstract: Competitive single-number Life Cycle Assessment is performed between existing and neartermelectricalpowerplantsattheinfrastructurelevel.Thefocusisonanalternativetocurrentelectrical
power production in the US in the form of Earth-orbiting clusters Solar Power Satellites Two. This
modernized SPS2 architecture is compared to Combined Cycle Natural Gas and terrestrial solar
photovoltaic fields at 5GW capacity as delivered on-site. The SPS2 configuration presented is a modest,
research-driven modification to a standard model that assumes medium-high technological readiness
levelsforequipmentandemployspredictedlaunchcostsandcapacity.
4
Bio:JoshuaGigantinoisadesigner,entrepreneurandtechnologistfocusedonapplyingindustrialdesignresearchtohigh
technology fields and applying high technology practices to other fields, through what he calls “open-sourcing outer
space”.Researchinterestsincludehumanfactors&bodymapping,sustainability,human-machineinterfaces,electronics,
commercial space development, anthropology, transdisciplinarity and technical arts including video, animation, 3D
scanning, personal fabrication & micro-manufacturing. He holds a BFA and MSD while in PhD study and is currently
developingaFabLabinTempe,Arizona.
4. Paul Jaffe (Naval Research Lab) ReviewofSandwichConversionModulesforSpaceSolarPower
5. LewisFraas(President JX Crystals Inc)SelfPointingMirrorsforSolarPowerfromSpace
Abstract:forSSP2015:Solarcellshavenowenteredthemainstreamforelectricpowerproduction.By
theendof2015,worldwidecumulativesolarcellelectricpowerinstalledcapacitywillexceed200GW.
This has surprised the mainstream energy community. This has been accomplished mainly by using
siliconmoduletechnologywithcellefficienciesofapproximately15%.Therearenowmoreopportunities
and challenges with exciting potential solutions. One of the challenges that solar energy faces is
associatedwiththefactthatsolarenergyislimitedtodaytimehours.ASpacePowerSatellitecapableof
providingsolarelectricpowereconomicallyfor24hoursperdayhasbeenadreamfordecades.Herein,
analternativewillbedescribed.A10kmdiameterconstellationofmirrorsatellitesinasunsynchronous
orbitatanaltitudeof1000kmdeflectingsunbeamsdowntoterrestrialsolarpowerfieldsatdawnand
duskcanprovide3additionalhoursinthemorningandanother3additionalhoursintheevening.The
keyisthatlargerandlargerterrestrialsolarfields,photovoltaicortroughconcentratedsolarpower,are
alreadybeingbuiltallaroundtheworld.Mirrorsdeflectingsunbeamsdowntoearthisamuchsimpler
concept.Asurprisingconvergenceoftwotechnologiesunderdevelopmentisnowpossible,i.e.lowercost
accesstospaceandtheongoingconstructionoflargerandlargersolarpowerfields.Furtheranalysisof
mirrorsinspaceinadawnduskorbitcombinedwithfuturesolarpowerfieldshasshownthisideatobe
actuallyapotentiallyviableeconomicalproposition[1,2].However,whilethisideaisveryintriguing,the
magnitudeofitsimplementationisdaunting.Nevertheless,theideaisintriguingenoughtoproceedwith
a first order design for the required mirror satellites. A mirror satellite development roadmap will be
presentedhere.Itbuildsfrommirrortechnologyforsolarsailsaswellastechnologydevelopedforthe
InternationalSpaceStation.Itappearsthatthetechnologyisavailabletoimplementthismirrorsatellite
designandatleastgotoadetaileddesignandteststage.Ifthisconceptisimplementedinthefuture,the
hoursofsolarelectricityproductioninsunnyPVfieldsaroundtheworldcanbepotentiallyincreasedto
14 hours per day with an increase in solar field capacity factor to 58% and a reduction in the cost of
renewable pollution free solar electricity to below 6 cents per kWh. A first step in a development road
map could be the construction of a 20 m diameter space mirror to demonstrate full moon intensity
illuminationinDisneyParksintheevenings.
Bio:Dr.FraashasbeenactiveinthedevelopmentofSolarCellsandSolarElectricPowerSystemsforspaceandterrestrial
applicationssince1975.In1978,hepublishedapioneeringpaperproposingtheInGaP/GaInAs/Getriplejunctionsolarcell
predicting a cell terrestrial conversion efficiency of 40% at 300 suns concentration. He then led the research team at
Boeingthatdemonstratedthefirstover30%GaAs/GaSbtandemconcentratorsolarcellin1989.HejoinedJXCrystalsin
1993,wherehehaspioneeredthedevelopmentofvariousthermophotovoltaic(TPV)systemsbasedontheGaSbinfrared
PVcell.Dr.FraasholdsdegreesfromCaltech,Harvard,andUSC.Hehaswrittenover350technicalpapers,over60patents,
andtwobooks.HismostrecentbookisaSpringer2014bookentitledLowCostSolarElectricPower.
Tuesday Dec. 15 2015
IEEE WiSEE Plenary Talks: 8:30 – 10am
SSP–S4 Vehicle Launch Panel: 10:30am-12:30pm (J. Olds, K. Hensen, E. Zapata, D. Bienhoff, G. Sowers)
1. Dallas Bienhoff (Boeing) An OverviewonRLVDevelopmentPrograms
5
Abstract: Spanning concepts from Saenger through Skylon, this discussion highlights conceptual and
actual launch vehicle configurations, propellants, propulsion systems and projected payload capability.
Partiallyandfullyreusableconceptsareaddressed.Thediscussionconcludeswiththeauthor’sopinion
onfullyreusablelaunchvehiclepayloadlimitations.
Bio: Dallas Bienhoff is Boeing’s project manager for In-Space and Surface Systems in the Advanced Space Exploration
Organization.HeisresponsibleforcapturingcontractsandleadingstudiesforNASA’sHumanExploration&Operations
and Space Technology Mission Directorates, commercial space companies, and Boeing. Dallas has over 41 years
experience in space systems and human space exploration, of which 33 are in advanced projects organizations. His
experienceencompassesexpendableandreusableEarth-to-Spacesystems,cislunartransportationarchitectures,cryogenic
propellantdepots,insituresourceutilization,space-basedsolarpower,humanspaceexplorationmissionconcepts,lunar
habitats, Space Station crew return vehicles, Space-Shuttle-derived launch vehicles, and Space Shuttle Main Engine
development. Dallas has a MSE from California State University - Northridge and a BSME from Florida Institute of
Technology.
2. John Olds (CEO, Space Works Enterprises Inc.) AReviewofCurrentandFutureLaunchOptionsforSSP
Abstract:ThissectionofthepanelwilladdresscurrentandfuturelaunchoptionstoLEOand/orGEO,for
componentsoflargescaleSSPsatellites.Emphasiswillbeplacedonthecurrentcostsofspacelift.Various
existing US and International expendable and partially reusable launch systems will be discussed. The
potentialimpactoffutureRLVsystemswillalsobediscussed.
Bio: Dr. John Olds is the founder of Space-Works Enterprises, Inc. (SEI) and currently serves as the corporation’s Chief
ExecutiveOfficer.AsCEO,Dr.Oldsisresponsibleforthestrategicgrowthandoverallmanagementofthecompanyaswell
as establishing an integrating vision for the company’s various operating divisions and technical activities. He also has
ongoing technical roles within the company and holds a joint title as one of the firm’s Principal Engineers. Dr. Olds has
over 25 years of experience in the aerospace sector, including positions in private consulting, large aerospace industry,
academia,andsmallbusiness.PriortofoundingSEI,Dr.OldsservedasaprofessorintheSchoolofAerospaceEngineering
at Georgia Tech and Director of the school’s Space Systems Design Lab. Previously, he was employed as an aerospace
engineerwithGeneralDynamics’SpaceSystemsDivisionandlaterservedasaVisitingAssistantProfessorwithN.C.State
University’sMarsMissionResearchCenter.Inhisprofessionalandacademiccareers,Dr.Oldshasbeenactiveinthefieldof
advanced space transportation systems analysis and design with particular emphasis on the integration of automated
software analyses using multidisciplinary analysis techniques. He is author or co-author of over 100 technical papers
relatedtoconceptualdesignofadvancedspacesystems.Hehasledorparticipatedinawiderangeofaerospaceconcept
designstudiesrelatedtoadvancedlaunchsystems,humanexplorationmissions,LEO-basedsatelliteconstellations,lunar
resourcemissions,spacesolarpowersatellites,andpartially-reusablemilitaryspace-planeconcepts.Dr.Oldshasservedas
an industry advocate for affordable and responsive space access, human space exploration, high-speed point-to-point
global transportation, and the expansion of commercial space business. Dr. Olds holds a Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering
from N.C. State University, an M.S. in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University, and a B.S. in Aerospace
Engineering from N.C. State University. He has received both NASA TGIR and NASA Group Achievement awards for his
participation in previous NASA space systems design projects. He is an Associate Fellow in the American Institute of
AeronauticsandAstronauticsandisaformerFellowoftheNASAInstituteforAdvancedConcepts(NIAC).
3. Edgar Zapata (Kennedy Space Center) EmergingUSSpaceLaunch–TrendsandSSP
Bio:Mr.ZapatahasworkedwithNASAattheKennedySpaceCentersince1988.HewasborninNewYorkCityandstudied
inPuertoRicowhereheearnedaBachelor’sofScienceDegreeinMechanicalEngineeringfromtheUniversityofPuerto
Rico. He is the recipient of numerous awards, for his work improving Space Shuttle operations processes and for his
contributionstofuturespacetransportationsystemsstudies,especiallytheintroductionoftheoperationsperspectiveinto
advanced projects. Publications and papers include authoring or co-authoring numerous papers on operations research
andthepathtoaffordable,routinespacetransportationthatwillonedayopenthespacefrontier.Hisrecentworkfocuses
onthedevelopmentofanalyticalcapabilityandlifecyclemodelstoanalyzeandimprovespaceexplorationarchitectures.
Mr.Zapatalooksforwardtothedaywhenaccesstospaceissafe,routineandaffordable,havingtakenadvantageofthe
experience and lessons of past and current space systems. During his time with NASA he has held the role of system
engineer in the preparation and operation of Space Shuttle systems. These systems have included the Shuttle External
6
Tank,theShuttlecryogenicpropellantloadingsystems/liquidoxygengroundsystems,andrelatedsystems.Hisoperations
experiencehasprovidedleadershipindefiningfuturereusablespacetransportationsystems.Theseconceptshaveincluded
single stage and multiple stage reusable rockets as well as very advanced air-breathing space-planes, spaceports and
architectures.HehasrepresentedtheKennedySpaceCenteroperationsperspectiveinmultitudesofagencylevelstudies,
workinggroups,analysisandstrategicefforts.
4. Keith Hensen (L5 Society) SolarPowerSatelliteTransportationEconomics
Abstract:Electricityisacommodity.Theprimarywaytogainmarketsharewithcommoditiesislower
prices.Baseloadelectricalenergyfromcoalcostsabout4centsperkWh.ThreecentperkWhpowerfrom
spacewouldbeundercutcoalby25%.Toreachthatcostrequiresacapitalinvestmentofnomorethan
$2400/kW($12Bfora5GWepowersatellite).ThiscapitalinvestmentrequiresatransportcosttoGEO
of no more than $200/kg and a specific power of 6.5 kg/kW or less. This paper is an analysis of the
transportcostandmassofathermaltypepowersatellitethatmaymeetthetargetkg/kW.Ifwecanmeet
thesegoals,thenenergyfromspacewillundercutthecostofelectricalenergyfromcoal.
Bio:KeithHenson,BSEEUofAZ1969wasoneoftheL5Societyfounders(1975).Hehasworkedonpowersatellitesoffand
on for 40 years, intensively since he retired. He has written widely on space engineering topics, such as vapor phase
fabrication, large scale radiator designs, power satellites and space transportation systems, recently electric propulsion
poweredbymicrowaves.Moreathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Henson.
5. George Sowers (Vice President, Advanced Programs, United Launch Alliance) TransportationArchitecture
forCislunarspace
Abstract: A potential transportation architecture for cislunar space is discussed. The architecture is
basedonLH2andLO2minedfromthelunarsurface.ItutilizestheAdvancedCryogenicEvolvedStage
(ACES)currentlyindevelopmentbyULA.Thisstageisfullyreusablewithin-spacerefuelingofLH2and
LO2fromthelunarsurface.Thisarchitecture,whencombinedwithin-spacemanufacturingcanreduce
transportationcosttoGEObyseveralordersofmagnitudeforlarge-scaleSpaceSolarPowersatellites.
Bio: Dr. George F. Sowers is vice president of Advanced Programs for United Launch Alliance (ULA) headquartered in
Denver, Colorado. In this role, Sowers is responsible for assessing product offerings, technology roadmaps, operations
concepts, and business models that meet various potential customer future space architecture needs and buying
approaches.TheoverallgoalofSowers’teamistoenablethedesignoftheproducts,processesandinfrastructuretomeet
ourcustomers’futurerequirements.Priortothisposition,SowerswasthevicepresidentofHumanLaunchServices.Before
joining ULA, Sowers was director of Business Development for Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company. Sowers
previouslyservedasdirectorofMissionIntegrationfortheAtlasprogramandChiefSystemsEngineeranddirectorofthe
SystemsEngineeringandIntegrationTeam(SEIT)forAtlasVdevelopment.SowersbeganhiscareerwithMartinMarietta
in1981asaflightdesignengineerontheTitanprogram.SowersreceivedhisBachelorofSciencedegreeinphysicsfrom
GeorgiaTechin1980andhisPhDinphysicsfromtheUniversityofColoradoin1988.
SSP-S5 Economy Panel: 1:30 -3:00pm (Darel Preble, Gail Tverberg, John Mankins, Keith Hensen)
1. Darel Preble (Space Solar Power Institute) OverviewofSpaceSolarPower'santecedentTechnical,
Environmental,EconomicandEnergyCrunch;
Abstract: Adding Space Solar Power to the roster of renewable energy alternatives requires many
technical,financial,andenvironmentalprerequisites.Theworldhasmadenoprogressoverthepast20
yearsinreducingthecarboncontentofitsenergyinsteadCO2levelsarerisingfaster.AlthoughJapanand
ChinaareworkinghardonbringingSSPtotheglobalelectricutilitymarket,USenergypoliciescontinue
toignorethesleepinggiantofSSP.WhereareweingettingSSPinitiatedintheUS?NoUScorporationhas
thepatientfinancialresources,technologyandchartertoinitiateanSSPindustry.JustastheComsatAct
of 1962 created our robust commercial satellite communications industry, a Sunsat Act would create a
commercialpowersatelliteindustry.WearehopefulthatthenextpresidentandCongresswilldoso.
7
Bio:DarelPrebleisPresidentandExecutivedirectorofthevolunteereducationalnon-profitSpaceSolarPowerInstitute,
whichhefoundedin1997.From1984to1997hewastheNuclearSecurityanalystandstrategicplanninganalystatthe
largestUSelectricpowercompany.DarelauthoredthreeconsecutivewhitepapersonSSPfortheaerospaceandelectric
powerindustriesin1994,1995,&1996.HewasgeneralChair,FirstMicrowavePowerTransferSymposium,GeorgiaTech,
December2011,co-chairedtheIEEERAST2015,PIMRC2014,andWiSEE2013and2015SSPWorkshops.Hechairedthe
BusinessCaseAnalyisis,ofthelandmark“Space-BasedSolarPowerAsanOpportunityforStrategicSecurity”,Reporttothe
NationalSecuritySpaceOffice,Oct.2007.
2. John Mankins (Artemis Innovation Management Solutions LLC) RealizingEconomicallyand
ProgrammaticallyViableSpaceSolarPower
3. Gail Tverberg (Space Solar Power Institute) EnergyEconomicsOutlookforSpaceSolar;
Abstract:Highercostsofenergyproductionarebecominganincreasingproblemfortheworldeconomy.
Increasingly,worldcommoditypricesarefallingbehindthesecosts,indicatingthattheworldeconomy
cannotreallyaffordtoday’shighcosts.TheseissuesmakeitmandatorythatthecoststructureforSpace
Solarbelowenoughtosignificantlybringdownthecostofenergyproduction,notsimplymatchthecost
ofotherhigh-costproducers.
Bio: Gail Tverberg is Director of Energy Economics for Space Solar Power Institute, author of the popular
blogOurFiniteWorld.com, and Fellow of the Casualty Actuarial Society. She uses her actuarial background to provide a
uniqueperspectiveonenergyandtheeconomy.
IEEE WiSEE/SSP Funding Opportunity Panel: 3:30 – 5pm
8