IV International Conference Translating Voices, Translating Regions
Mediating Emergencies: Intercultural Mediation in Extreme Conditions
Centre for Translation Studies, University College London, UK
Programme
Day 1 – 3 October 2014
SPEAKER
Opening
09.20-09.30
Keynote talk
09.30-10.30
Session 1
10.45-12.15
Keynote talk
13.15-14.15
Session 2
14.15-15.45
TITLE
Convenor’s Welcome
Barbara Moser-Mercer
TBC
Université de Genève, Switzerland
BREAK: 10.30-10.45
Jan Cambridge
Working in Crisis. Training for Crisis, Two Case
Chartered Institute of Linguists,
Studies
UK
Veronica Razumovskaya
Translator’s and Interpreter’s Challenges of the 21st
Siberian Federal University, Russia Century in the Russian Arctic: Mediating
Olga Bartashova
Emergencies
Saint-Petersburg State University
of Economics, Russia
Edina Spahic
Role of Interpreters in Conflict Sitations
University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
LUNCH: 12.15-13.15
Yasuhide Nakamura
TBC
Osaka University, Japan
Patrick Cadwell
How Foreign Nationals Experienced Cultural and
Centre for Translation and Textual Linguistic Mediation in the Great East Japan
Studies, Dublin City University,
Earthquake
Ireland
Valeria Tonioli
Health Literacy and Mediation: a Model to
Ca’ Foscari University, Venice,
Communicate Efficiently in Intercultural Contexts in
Italy
Situations of Emergency
Antoon Cox
Interpreting in the Emergency Department.
Vrije Unversiteit Brussel, Belgium Challenges for the Practice and the Training
Raquel Lázaro Gutiérrez
University of Alcala, Spain
BREAK: 15.45-16.15
Keynote talk
16.15-17.15
Session 3
17.15-18.45
Christina Schäffner
Aston University, UK
Leïla Kherbiche
Université de Genève, Switzerland
Carmen Delgado-Luchner
Université de Genève, Switzerland
Aymil Dogan
Hacettepe University, Turkey
Kate Hughes
Grenwich University, School of
Busniess, UK
Who is Talking to Whom? Mediating Emergencies
as Challenges to Public Translation Studies
Is There a Humanitarian Interpreter?
Anybody there? Emergency and Disaster Interpreting
in Turkey
The Role of Interpreters in Improving Supply Chain
Response and Logistics Activities in Disasters
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University
Day 2 – 4 October 2014
SPEAKER
TITLE
Session 4
Hilary Footitt
‘Listening Zones’ and the Work of
09.30-11.00 University of Reading, UK
NGOs/Humanitarian Agencies in Crisis Areas
Angela Crack
University in Portsmouth, UK
Pekka Snellman
Military Interpreter Training for Crisis Management
Finnish Defence Forces, Finland
Operations
Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow
Research in Multilingual Disaster Settings: Why
Zurich University of Applied
Translation Matters
Sciences, Switzerland
Igor Matic
Zurich University of Applied
Sciences, Switzerland
BREAK: 11.00-11.30
Keynote talk Erik Hertog
Interpreters in Conflicts. Conflicts in Interpreters
11.30-12.30 Lessius University College,
Antwerp, Belgium
LUNCH: 12.30-13.30
Session 5
Laura Parrilla Gomez
Technological Support in the Healthcare Field: the
13.30-14.30 University of Málaga, Spain
Case of Immigration in the Canary Islands
Manuel Verdugo Páez
Health Service, Canary Islands
Zeinab Jaber
(Mis)translating the Voice(s) of Combatants: A Case
Lebanese International University, Study of the Representation of Islamist Militants
Beirut, Lebanon
Fighting in Syria in Pro-Regime and Pro-Opposition
Media Outlets
ROUDTABLE ‘Mediating Emergencies: Intercultural Mediation in Extreme Conditions’
14.30-16.00
14.30-14.45 Jean-Pierre Verleysen
Director for Resources in DGT,
European Commission, Belgium
14.45-15.00 Brian Fox
Director for Provision of
Interpretation, European
Commission, Belgium
15.00-15.15 Noël Muylle
Honorary Director-General,
European Commission, Belgium
15.15-15.30 Open Discussion
15.30-15.45 Alexander Perkins
Campaigner for military
Interpreters, UK
15.45-16.00 Michael Kelly
Learning lessons in mediation from the UN/NATO
University of Southampton, UK
intervention in Bosnia-Herzegovina
BREAK: 16.00-16.30
Session 6
Keynotes, Roundtable Speakers,
Roadmap: Where do we go from here?
16.30-17.30 Convenor
Future events, plans, and projects
17.30
Conference Close
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Abstracts
Patrick Cadwell
Centre for Translation and Textual Studies, Dublin City University, Ireland
Title of paper: How foreign nationals experienced cultural and linguistic mediation in the Great East
Japan Earthquake
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 directly affected at least one-million foreign nationals,
including foreign residents in the disaster zone, multinational humanitarian responders, and short-term
visitors. While a variety of languages would have been spoken by these people, the overriding cultural and
linguistic context of the disaster was a Japanese one, indicating that various forms of mediation may have
been important to their experiences. This paper explores the cultural and linguistic mediation required by
foreign nationals who experienced the 2011 disaster. It is based on face-to-face, in-depth, individual
interviews carried out with 28 research participants. All participants were resident in East Japan (in
Miyagi, Ibaraki or Tokyo) at the onset of the emergency, and all identified as foreign nationals in a
Japanese context, with 12 nationalities from 5 continents represented in the data set. These participants
varied in age, occupation, length of residence, and Japanese ability, and provided diverse perspectives on
the disaster. A thematic analytical strategy was used to examine the interview data, and three of the
themes developed - people, places and purposes - are discussed in this paper. Specifically, the paper
describes: the people who were carrying out mediation and for whom they were doing this work; the type
of information and cultural barriers that required mediation; the loci of these mediation efforts.
Furthermore, the paper uses this descriptive account to argue that cultural and linguistic mediation had a
beneficial impact on these participants and that greater activism by mediators should be encouraged in
future disasters.
Jan Cambridge
Chartered Institute of Linguists, UK
Title of paper: Working in crisis. Training for crisis, Two case studies
Abstract
Case 1. Kosovo, October 2000. An invitation routed to me via ITI asked if I would go and train a group
of diaspora returnees who had been part of the humanitarian airlift. They were working in the Human
Rights and Rule of Law Department and were interpreting in the booths at large meetings. They were also
interpreting for Kfor personnel in identifying the bodies claimed by the bereaved. This also included body
parts. They accompanied military personnel on patrols and at night often worked on translation of newly
written law. They were all educated people whose pre-war jobs were in teaching, the law, and commerce.
At the end of training we held a mock conference in which the students interpreted speeches made by
senior staff members.
Case 2. Timişoara, May 2013. Colleagues were asked to travel to the ETC and deliver focused bespoke
training for camp staff. Their request concerned the effect that local interpreters were having on
vulnerable refugees during interviews with staff. They were described as being‘re-victimised’. It was
thought unsafe for us to enter the camp as we could have become a flashpoint. The staff we trained were
social workers, psychologists, and linguists from the university. We delivered a whole day of relevant
interpreting theory, with demonstrations followed by specially written role plays for two further days.
One psychologist said that it took as many as 12 to 15 interviews with a refugee before they would speak.
This figure had dropped considerably when we asked for follow-up feedback.
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Antoon Cox and Raquel Lázaro Gutiérrez
Vrije Unversiteit Brussel VUB, Belgium and University of Alcala, Spain
Title of paper: Interpreting in the Emergency Department. Challenges for the practice and the training
Abstract
The biomedical literature has extensively stressed the importance of effective communication in medical
encounters. Communication plays a perhaps even more important role in the Emergency Department
(ED), as medical errors there often result from poor communication and language barriers are a major
obstacle to proper history taking. ED – communication has its own specificities due to time pressure,
potential distraction resulting from long and tiring clinician shifts, the sense of urgency, continuous
interruptions, lack of prior information on patients, more speakers (member of staff and sometimes
relatives or other companions of the patient), the presence of medical equipment, the use of personal
protective equipment, and the emotional state of the patient, amongst others. As globally ED’s are
becoming more and more diverse, better insights are needed on how to deal most effectively with
multilingualism on the hospital floor. The use of interpreters has proven useful, but they must be properly
trained to be able to confront the special ED conditions. The aim of this paper is to describe and classify
the characteristics and circumstances that condition the communication in the emergency consultation.
We therefore analyse conversations with foreign patients both with and without ad hoc interpreters that
were audio recorded in Guadalajara University Hospital, Spain and Saint Pierre hospital in Brussels. The
particular contextual and communicative constraints of emergency interactions constitute unique
challenges for interpreters. The results of this research will be applied to the training of medical
interpreters.
Aymil Dogan
Hacettepe University, Turkey
Title of paper: Anybody there? Emergency and Disaster Interpreting in Turkey
Abstract
Turkey, being situated on moving plates of the earth, is expecting a major earthquake in 30 years’ time
especially in the Marmara Region including Istanbul. The depression and wounds after two successive
devastating earthquakes in 1999 has not been healed yet. Thus, as part of the disaster preparedness
programme academicians of translation and interpretation launched an organization to provide courses
for the interpreters volunteering to provide services to the foreign SAR teams. In order to design and
deliver these courses, a non-governmental organization was founded in Turkey, bringing together the
academia, government and a non-governmental association who signed a protocol to deliver such
training. The basic training courses of the programme serving as a background encompass a large range
of topics. This paper, within the scientific frame of the relevant literature, describes the foundation,
organization, training, accomplishments and weaknesses of such programme, and future actions in
support of this endeavour. Interviews to be made with ARC interpreters who worked in Van earthquake
recently and Bande Ache will reveal many aspects of such kind of interpreting.
Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow and Igor Matic
Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland
Title of paper: Research in multilingual disaster settings: why translation matters
Abstract
In addition to the obvious humanitarian concerns, there is a crucial need for more research in disasteraffected situations in order to contribute to evidence-based guidelines for future decision-makers
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(O’Mathuna 2014). The ethical priority of protecting research participants’ rights is especially acute in
such contexts, since potential volunteers can be more vulnerable to unintentional coercion if they confuse
participation with access to humanitarian aid (cf. Lidz 2006). Thus, information materials and consent
forms have to be translated into and explained in the local language(s) in a culturally-appropriate way,
which can represent timely and costly obstacles. Since the full burden for obtaining informed consent falls
on the researchers in the field, a lack of appropriate linguistic resources may prevent vital research from
being approved, carried out, or disseminated.
In this paper, we explore the question of how prepared international agencies are with respect to linguistic
resources for research in disaster settings. Even in a highly multilingual country like Switzerland,
templates for ethics-related research protocols are usually only available in the official languages German,
French, and Italian, which means that individual researchers have to organize (and fund) the translation of
information materials, consent forms, and other documentation before they can include participants with
low competency in Swiss languages. The presentation will open the discussion to the feasibility of
contingency plans such as compiling a multilingual repository of information materials and/or pre-testing
the use of translation tools (which personnel in the field may already be making use of without
recognizing their inherent risks).
Lidz, C. W. (2006). The therapeutic misconception and our models of competency and informed consent.
Behavioral Sciences & the Law 24/4, 535-546.
O'Mathuna, D. P. (2014). Disasters. In: ten Have, Henk A. M. J. & Grodijn, B. (eds): Handbook of Global
Bioethics. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media, 619-638.
Hilary Footitt
University of Reading, UK
Title of paper: Listening Zones' and the work of NGOs/humanitarian agencies in crisis areas
Abstract
In humanitarian/development work, the ideal paradigm for the global/local encounter is that of dialogue,
represented by the 'voice' of the local comminity, and the 'listening' of helping agencies. In practice
however, 'listening' in crisis zones refers to a range of different listening activities - information
processing to promote operational effectiveness, social interaction in order to create functioning
multinational aid communities, and ethical endeavour to acquire an understanding of the perspectives of
people with whom and for whom one is working. The paper argues that these multiple listening activities
by NGOs/humanitarian agencies are both institutionally situated and context bound. The ways of
listening of NGOs are framed institutionally by the organisation's history and memory of intervention, its
conceptualisation of linguistic and cultural interaction, and its own organisational culture. NGO listening
further takes place within broader institutional frameworks set by donor governments and the
monitoring/evaluative systems they put in place. Finally, all NGO listening occurs within the specific
contexts of each crisis situtaion. This paper renames Apter's 'Translation Zone' ( 2005) as an NGO
'Listening Zone', institutionally situated and context-bound. By identifying the characteristics of this zone,
and positioning language/cultural intermediaries within it, the paper seeks to move our attention towards
the communicative parameters within which interpreters/translators work in crisis zones, and argue for a
greater awareness of the responsibilities of NGOs/humanitarian agencies themselves in setting the limits
of successful operational, social and empathetic listening.
Kate Hughes
Greenwich University, School of Business, UK
Title of paper: The Role of Interpreters in Improving Supply Chain Response and Logistics Activities in
Disasters
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Abstract
Interpreting dialogue is often undertaken in formal situations where the context is controlled such as
court interpretation, formal presentations, government-sponsored services, etc. The development of this
theory and its practical application, along with extensive training, has had a long history. However, in
critical situations such as natural, man-made or complex disasters, interpretation is an important tool that
forms a bridge between those affected by an event and the organisations that ‘deliver supply chains of
service’. However, current research in interpreting in disaster response tends to focus on interpreting for
the media. Disasters result in loss of life, displaced communities, families and individuals, disruption of
businesses and extensive damage to infrastructure. The nuances of interpreting and the ability to grasp the
full message is challenging as the context is informal, ever changing and intense. Adequate, appropriate
response to immediate and longer-term needs of survivors is provided by a range of organisations that
have deep experience in disaster response that are endeavouring to deliver goods and services to
survivors. In disaster response interpreting seems to be a compre¬hensively collaborative activity
focusing on supply chain and logistics activities where organisations work with local responders and in
the provision of aid. In this time-critical context improving communication in life-and-death logistics
decisions, ensuring that the interpreter – a vital link in logistics and supply chain management in this
context – is able to operate as an effective collaborator within the response to the disaster. This
conceptual paper explores some of the questions related to ‘interpreting in disasters’.
Zeinab Jaber
Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
Title of paper: (Mis)translating the Voice(s) of Combatants: A Case Study of the Representation of
Islamist Militants Fighting in Syria in Pro-Regime and Pro-Opposition Media Outlets
Abstract
As a result of the developments induced by globalization and information and communications
technology, the very notion of war has been redefined. Indeed, focus has shifted over the last decades
towards psychological warfare which is aimed at conquering “hearts and minds”, not lands. For this less
costly and more effective form of warfare, translation, and namely news translation, is undeniably an
essential tool for manipulating the target audience, shaping its attitudes and behaviors, and ultimately, its
“world view”. Within this context, this paper seeks to explore how news translators have become
effective agents of psychological warfare using different translation strategies to convey their views
and/or the views of their employers. Drawing upon the notions of cultural blockage and linguistic
relativity as addressed by Greenblatt and Sapir-Whorf respectively, and upon current TS theories on
ethics; this paper sheds light on the intervention techniques used in translations between Arabic and
English in the context of the ongoing Syrian conflict, with emphasis on the flagrant discrepancy between
pro-regime and pro-opposition representations of Islamist groups and the consequent sympathy (or lack
thereof) for their cause.
Leïla Kherbiche and Carmen Delgado-Luchner
Université de Genève, Switzerland
Title of paper: Is there a humanitarian interpreter?
Abstract
Taking the interpreter's skills and personal background as a starting point for analysis, this paper discusses
the least consensual and most problematic ethical principles governing interpreting in the humanitarian
space such as advocacy, mediation and cultural brokering. In order to devise relevant training contents for
interpreters working in humanitarian organizations, InZone has developed the construct of the
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"humanitarian interpreter", which evolved gradually through partnerships with different organisations,
such as ICRC or UNHCR. The humanitarian space that these organisations occupy is shaped by the
humanitarian principles and characterized by security constraints and vulnerability of populations.
Humanitarian work is carried out in a permanent “state of emergency”, which has an impact on
communication and creates pressure on interpreters, whose role is often ill-defined and challenged by
emotional content, cultural differences and conflicts of interest. Training, especially training in ethics,
needs to be contextualized in order to make a relevant contribution to shaping the professional identity of
“humanitarian interpreters”. Several years of training ICRC and UNHCR contributed to a better
understanding of the community of interpreters working for these organisations: their commonalities and
differences. Based on an iterative approach these various trainings gave us the opportunity identify the
interpreters' perception of their role, employment situation, social, educational and cultural background,
level of interpreting skills and the exact nature of their work as relevant criteria for analysis in order to
propose a more nuanced approach to “humanitarian interpreting”. Given the variety of profiles,, is it
possible to define "humanitarian interpreting" as a profession that is distinct from community, medical or
military interpreting? To which extent would this category be relevant and/or necessary?
Laura Parrilla Gomez
Academic
Title of paper: Technological support in the healthcare field: the case of immigration in the Canary
Islands
Abstract
Becoming one of the main touristic destinations in Spain, The Canary Islands have also witnessed the
increase of illegal arrivals from the Moroccan coasts due to the proximity of the African continent with
the archipelago. Illegal immigrants risk their lives by engaging themselves in a dangerous journey
travelling by unstable boats, reaching the Spanish coast in poor health conditions. The regional
government, aware of the urgent need of medical assistance for these immigrants has started to take
measures to help assure health assistance overcoming the linguistic barrier. One of these projects has
been the creation of TRADASSAN , an easy-to-use app translated into five languages which provide a
quick and first solution to assist immigrants in their first contact with the health provider. This paper aims
to provide an overview of the creation of this project, its uses and what are the main impressions among
health professionals about its effectiveness.
Veronica Razumovskaya and Olga Bartashova
Siberian Federal University, Russia and Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, Russia
Title of paper: Translator’s and Interpreter’s Challenges of the 21st Century in the Russian Arctic:
Mediating Emergencies
Abstract
With the growing importance of the Arctic, both globally as well as within the Russian Federation, this
paper examines the strategic issues of interlingual and cross-cultural communication in emergencies. The
research outlines the challenges of translation and interpreting (T&I) in the Arctic environment.
Tremendous social, political and economic changes are influencing the lives of not only indigenous
population, but all of people in the circumpolar zone. Significant mineral and energy resources are driving
new exploration activity in the Arctic. Emergencies are caused by climate conditions (frozen tundra) and
changes in climate (destabilization of terrain as a result of permafrost thaw), weather (heavy snowstorms,
hurricanes, severe frosts) and technological disasters (oil spillage, explosions, air crashes, shipwrecks) in
sensitive Arctic ecosystems. The key translation issue is how to ensure effective communication in
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emergencies. The main principles of T&I in this context are: mobility, centralization, preparedness and
immediate response. Traditionally stressful T&I activity encompasses additional hazards when operating
in Arctic areas, which implies significant psychological preparation. An integral approach is required for
various aspects of T&I activity in emergencies. The educational aspect includes the organization of
specially tailored retraining courses for translators and interpreters, the implementation of a state
certification system and the drafting of guidelines. The managerial aspect involves the arrangement of an
effective and reliable T&I service to international rescue teams at the distress location and their
coordination from the remote HQ; the organization of a T&I group in the Arctic Council and in regional
centres of EMERCOM of Russia; a broad international partnership. The paper pays particular attention
to the linguistic aspect of T&I activity in the context of globanglization and the systematic organization of
the vocabulary on a module principle in order to overcome information entropy.
Pekka Snellman
Finnish Defence Forces, Finland
Title of paper: Military Interpreter Training for Crisis Management Operations
Abstract
In conflict situations, humanitarian work cannot be undertaken unless security in the area can first be
safeguarded by means of military crisis management, in which interpreters are indispensable. The
language services of military crisis management operations usually rely on locally recruited civilian
interpreters, but many militaries also train military interpreters. This paper looks at issues specific for
interpreters working within military organisations. What topics or areas should be stressed in military
interpreter training? Today’s military crisis management operations are increasingly human-centric,
focusing on the social dimension of the battlefield, in which communicative action is foremost. Typically,
military interpreters work within three cultures: the local culture of the operation area, the culture of the
contributing nation, and military culture. Lacking cultural knowledge in any one area of the three may
hamper the military interpreters’ ability to mediate. In a military context, the trustworthiness of an
interpreter may be considered more important than language skills and interpreting competence.
Moreover, military interpreters may not regard themselves as impartial in the way traditionally expected of
interpreters. Cultural skills, in particular in the national culture of the contributing nation as well as
military culture, form an important part of the military interpreter’s agency. Military interpreters work as
an integral part of a military unit and their ability to mediate is founded on mutual trust between its
members. Ideally, military interpreters should receive sufficient military training prior to deployment, not
only to be able to operate independently, but also to gain understanding of military culture.
Edina Spahic
University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Title of paper: Role of Interpreters in Conflict Sitations
Abstract
Main objective of this paper is to point out importance as well as difficulties of the profession of
interpreter in war circumstances. It will cover war and post-war situations involving court trails as well.
More specifically, the intention is to focus on the work of interpreters working for UN and other
international bodies during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as those working for the
International War Crimes Tribunal in Hague and other agencies. Correct performance of interpreters in
such circumstances was and still is crucial for the fair and just end of conflict. Firstly, the aim is to
indicate a major problem many organizations faced: lack of professional interpreters and organizing
trainings in war context. Secondly, the aim is to see what pre-conditions, in addition to linguistic ones,
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interpreters had to fulfill during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, having in mind the complexity of the
conflict.
Based on interviews conducted with eight former interpreters, we will try to answer some
of, we believe, crucial questions regarding this difficult, yet often overlooked, work done by these brave
people.
Valeria Tonioli
Ca’ Foscari University, Venice, Italy
Title of paper: Health literacy and mediation: a model to communicate efficiently in intercultural
contexts in situations of emergency
Abstract
Our research is focused on the figure of the interpreter - mediator who works in different social and
cultural contexts in situations of emergency. On the basis of researches conducted at Ca‘ Foscari, we will
try to answer some questions that are still open at a national level. The heterogeneity in the training of
mediators and the importance of this figure laid the foundations to study the fundamental competences
of mediators and how they should be trained to get a professional high profile qualification. Furthermore,
if we consider mediations in situations of emergency in multicultural contexts, the interest will focus even
at an international level. Our investigation shows that in national and international studies dealing with
intercultural mediation, the reflection upon the communicative competence of the mediators still has not
been deepened systematically. The specificity of the researches carried at Ca’ Foscari upon intercultural
communication (Balboni, 2007) and the creation of a model of observation of intercultural
communication and skills (Balboni, Caon, still not printed) can supply a remarkable contribute to
scientific linguistic research. The intercultural communicative abilities and competences of the mediator
(such as suspension of judgment, empathy, etc.) inside a model of intercultural communication can
represent an innovative aspect in the field of mediation. Focusing, finally, on the field of healthcare
assistance, such as medical translation, we think that an efficient model of mediation and training for
operators should be represented by using health literacy as an instrument to facilitate intercultural
communication between doctors, patients and healthcare operators.
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Biographical Notes of Speakers
Olga Bartashova
Olga Bartashova was awarded a Degree with
Honours in English Philology and Translation in
1979 (Vladivostok State University). In 1984 she
became a postgraduate student at Department
of English of Saint-Petersburg State University,
completing her PhD in Philology in 1987. She is
the author of 12 textbooks on Business English
and Pragmatics, and over 80 articles dealing with
various aspects of intercultural studies and
translation. 6 PhD theses in linguistics were
supervised by her in the period 2005 - 2014. She
is a member of the Union of Translators of
Russia, TESOL, IATEFL, a member of
Dissertation Counsel awarding PhD in
Linguistics. At the moment she holds the
position of the Head of the Chair of Linguistics
and Interpreting at Saint-Petersburg State
University of Economics.
Patrick Cadwell
Patrick Cadwell is a second-year PhD researcher
at the Centre for Translation and Textual
Studies in Dublin City University. His supervisor
is Dr Sharon O’Brien and his work is funded by
a DCU Daniel O'Hare PhD Scholarship. He is a
translator (JA>EN) who lived and worked in
Tokyo for more than eight years. He was
resident in Japan during the 2011 Great East
Japan Earthquake, and his experiences
motivated his PhD research into translation in
times of disaster. He travelled to Japan and New
Zealand in autumn 2012 for a six-week period
of fieldwork that included visiting areas
devastated by the 2011 earthquakes, interviewing
people who experienced these disasters, and
building networks with researchers of natural
disasters working in other academic disciplines.
His research interests include translation and
interpreting theory, translation ecology,
ethnographic and case study research
methodologies, and the ethical issues involved in
researching disasters.
She was a listening volunteer with Samaritans
for 9 years and has trained interpreters in many
places. Her doctoral degree is in Health Sciences
from Warwick University (graduation in 2013).
She believes that without a good command of
interpreting theory and an ethical code,
interpreting practice becomes inconsistent when
a practitioner is under pressure. Crisis
Masterclass trainees cascade their new
knowledge to interpreters in the field. Two case
studies will be presented. These adventures were
13 years apart: in Kosovo when it was still a war
zone, based on a fairly standard model of
interpreting training in a high-pressure course of
90 hours over 3 weeks. In Timişoara it was a
pared-down masterclass of 3 days, using
multiple roleplays and held in relatively safe
surroundings.
Antoon Cox
Antoon Cox is a PhD researcher at the Vrije
Universiteit Brussel. His research focuses on
intercultural and multilingual communication in
the emergency department. In this context, he
carries out non-participant observation and
discourse analysis in a highly multilingual inner
city public hospital emergency department in
Brussels. Apart from this, Antoon is training and
examining community interpreters at the
Department of Applied Linguistics of the Vrije
Universiteit Brussel and at the Flemish Centre
for Community interpreting (COC). Before
working full-time as a researcher, Antoon was a
language teacher (Dutch, English and Spanish)
for some years at different levels (in secondary,
adult as well as higher education). Antoon Cox
holds a Master in Applied Linguistics from
Erasmus University College, a Master in
Communication and Journalism from the
Université Catholique de Louvain and a teacher
training certificate from Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven. In his free time, he makes films and
hosts a radio show.
Angela Crack
Jan Cambridge
Dr Jan Cambridge has worked as a
Spanish<>English Interpreter in the British
public services for 30 years, in immigration,
criminal justice, medicine and social services.
Dr Angela Crack is Senior Lecturer in
International Relations at the University in
Portsmouth, and has published on NGO
accountability, humanitarianism, transnatioanl
civil society and global governance.
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Carmen Delgado Luchner
Carmen Delgado Luchner is a trained translator
and EU-accredited interpreter. She was a parttime teaching assistant at the FTI Interpreting
Department from September 2009 to
November 2011 and has been a part-time
doctoral assistant for InZone since December
2011. Her PhD thesis focuses on the challenges
of setting up conference interpreter training
programmes on the African continent, her other
research interests include skill-acquisition and
skill-training for interpreters in conflict zones
Aymil Dogan
Dr Aymil Doğan is Associate Professor at the
Department of Translation and Interpretation of
Hacettepe University in Turkey, and has been a
conference interpreter for 25 years. She holds a
BA from Department of English Language and
Literature of Hacettepe University, an MA from
the Department of Psychological Counseling
and Guidance, and was awarded a PhD from the
Department of Educational Sciences. Her
research focuses on the psycholinguistic,
cognitive and affective aspects of all modalities
of interpreting and discourse analysis. In 2007
she received MAS degree in teacher training
programme from École de Traduction et
Interprétation of the Université de Genève. She
is in the authorization unit and the Ankara
leader of Emergency and Disaster Interpreting
Initiative and the author of many articles,
chapters, papers and two books, 1. Sozlu Ceviri:
Calismalari ve Uygulamalari [Interpreting:
Studies and Practices] 3rd edition (2011);2. Sozlu
ve Yazılı Çeviri Odaklı Soylem Çozumlemesi
[Translation and Interpreting Based Discourse
Analysis] (2014). She designed and established a
simultaneous interpreting laboratory, and
presented it in Monterey, 3rd InterpretAmerica.
Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow
Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow is Professor of
Translation Studies at the ZHAW Institute of
Translation and Interpreting. She has been
involved with translation research in Switzerland
for over 10 years, recently co-editing three
special issues in the area. She was principal
investigator of the longitudinal project Capturing
Translation Processes and currently heads the
follow-up project Cognitive and Physical Ergonomics
of Translation. As well, she has conducted
research into the impact of language barriers in
healthcare, the reception of machine translation,
and cross-linguistic conceptualization.
Hilary Footitt
Hilary Footiit is Senior Research Fellow in the
Department of Modern Languages and
European Studies at the University of Reading,
UK. She has written widely on languages in
conflict zones and was the PI for the AHRC
project 'Languages ate War'. She has recently
been the PI for the AHRC Development
Network 'Languages and International NGOs',
and is currently starting a new project on the
language/cultural policies of NGOs.
Kate Hughes
Kate Hughes is a Lecturer at Greenwich
University, School of Business. Her PhD is
under assessment: Decision-making under
pressure: Critical factors affecting supply chain
management in the aftermath of a sudden-onset,
natural disasters from Macquarie Graduate
School of Management (MGSM), Sydney
Australia. Over the past ten years she worked as
a business consultant in marketing, supply chain
management and strategy in Australia and Asia.
During that time she gained experience in
disaster response and emergency management in
several countries.
Zeinab Jaber
Zeinab JABER is a doctoral candidate in
Translation Studies at Université Saint Joseph
(USJ- Beirut, Lebanon). She completed both her
undergraduate and graduate studies at the same
university, graduating from the Ecole de
Traducteurs et d’Interprètes de Beyrouth (ETIB)
with a B.A. in Living Language- Translation
Emphasis, a TD in Living LanguagesInterpreting Emphasis and an M.A. in
Interpreting. JABER has been working for a
variety of clients, providing freelance linguistic
services from and into Arabic. Upon finishing
her M.A. in 2005, she joined the Lebanese
International University where she played an
instrumental role in the establishment of the
Department of Languages and Translation
which she currently heads. She has authored
many publications on translation. Her research
interests include: activist translator training,
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language dynamics, translation ethics, and
translation politics.
Leïla Kherbiche
Leïla Kherbiche has been doctoral assistant at
the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting in
Geneva since February 2011. She works for
InZone, the Center for Interpreting in Conflict
Zones, whose main mission is to enhance skills
of interpreters working in conflict zones. Leïla
has been involved in the design and delivery of
the various blended courses of InZone for
UNHCR and ICRC interpreters. She worked in
the field with ICRC for two years as an
interpreter and as a delegate, and is currently an
active conference interpreter (ACCC, FR-ENES-AR). Her background both in the field and
in conference settings feeds into her training
approach and research interests. Her PhD
focuses on ethics for interpreters working in
humanitarian contexts.
Raquel Lázaro Gutiérrez
Raquel Lázaro Gutiérrez holds a PhD in
Modern Languages and Works as a PhD
assistant professor in the Undergraduate
Degreee in Modern Languages and Translation
of the University of Alcalá. She also gives
lectures and is part of the coordination team of
the European Master’s Degree in Intercultural
Communication and Public Service Interpreting
and Translation. She belongs to the FITISPosUAH Group (Training and Research in Public
Service Interpreting and Translation, from its
acronym in Spanish), and focuses her research in
the analysis of the communication in public
settings with foreign population, with a special
emphasis on medical encounters and
interactions with gender violence victims;
innovative training for public service translators
and interpreters; and professionalization and
ethics of PSIT.
Laura Parrilla Gomez
Laura Parrilla Gómez (University of Málaga)
Doctor in Translation and Interpreting with a
research background in Public Service
Interpreting, she combines her work as a
translator and interpreter in the public and
private sector with her post as a deputy head in a
language school in south of Spain. Laura has
published on the subject of Public Service
Interpreting in the health field and
teleinterpreting and is a member of the research
group “Studies and Training of Specialized
discourse and new technologies” from the
University of Malaga. Manuel Verdugo Páez
(Canary Health Service) Responsible for the IT
department of the Primary Health care for the
last six years at the Technical Unit of the
Management Department of Lanzarote.
Working as a nurse for the last 16 years for the
Canary Health Service and senior nurse at the
radiology department for 13, department where
he started his interest and research into new
technologies.
Igor Matic
Igor Matic is the research associate on an
interdisciplinary project at the ZHAW that
investigates good practice approaches to
reducing the impact of language barriers in
healthcare. He is currently writing his PhD
dissertation (working title: ‘Understanding in the
context of multilingual homecare nursing’) at the
University of Zurich. Using a conversation
analytic approach, his PhD project aims to
identify strategies used by healthcare
professionals to facilitate mutual understanding.
Veronica Razumovskaya
Veronica Razumovskaya was awarded a Degree
with Honours in English and German in 1980.
Subsequently, she was a postgraduate student at
Saint-Petersburg State University’s Department
of English, completing her PhD in Philology in
1985. She is the author of one monograph and
two chapters in books (published in Cracow,
Poland and Ankara, Turkey), and over 170
textbooks and articles dealing with various
translation issues. Furthermore, she has
supervised 6 PhD theses in linguistics and
translation studies. She is a member of the
Union of Translators of Russia, TESOL,
IATEFL, MAPRAYL and ROPRYAL. She has
taught at Kanazawa University (Japan), Durham
University (UK) and the Russian-Tajik Slavonic
University (Tajikistan). The most notable
positions she has held include Head of the Chair
of Applied Linguistics, Dean of the Department
of Modern Foreign Languages, Head of the
Chair of Translation Studies and
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Pekka Snellman
.
Pekka Snellman (MA) serves as a senior staff
officer in the Finnish Defence Forces. He has
studied at the Finnish National Defence
University and the University of Tampere. He is
interested in the language and interpreting
services in Finnish crisis management
operations. He served in Afghanistan in 2009–
10 and has since then given lectures for Finnish
peace-keepers on how to work with interpreters
in the field.
Edina Spahic
Edina Spahić teaches Spanish at the Faculty of
Philosophy of the University of Sarajevo. Her
research paper focuses on contrastive
phraseology and literary translation, and this was
also the topic of her Ph.D. Dissertation at the
Faculty of Philology of the COMPULTENSE
University in Madrid. Considering the fact she
herself worked as a translator/interpreter in the
UN during the war, she also researches the role
of interpreters in war circumstances and she
published several papers on this topic. After the
war she worked as an interpreter in the Legal
Department of the Office of High
Representative (OHR) in Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
Valeria Tonioli
She worked in a social cooperative company
from 2005 until 2013, first as educator and then
as an Italian L2 teacher for migrants people. In
2011 she became coordinator of intercultural
mediation projects and Italian courses as a
second language. She also worked as a project
manager for European projects about Italian
teaching for migrants or services for migrants
integration. She studied in the University of
Padova where she took a bachelor’s degree in
“Discipline della mediazione linguistica e
culturale” in 2008 and in the University of
Venice where she took a master’s degree in
“Scienze del Linguaggio, glottodidattica” in
2011. Finally she obtained another Master's
degree in the University of Venice in “Didattica
e promozione della lingua e cultura italiana a
stranieri” in 2012. Now she is a Phd student at
Ca’ Foscari University and she is researching
about interlinguistic and intercultural mediation
in healthcare context.
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