University College London
Institute of Archaeology
BA/ BSc option 2014-15
Plants and Archaeology
ARCL2009: 0.5 unit
Term II
Coordinators: Professor Dorian Q Fuller &
Dr. Leilani Lucas
Prof. Fuller
Office: 311, Phone 7679 [2] 4771
Email: d.fuller@ucl.ac.uk
Office hours: Monday 1:30pm-3:30pm
Lab practical surgery day: Fridays.
Otherwise operating an open door, “fair game” if seen policy
Dr. Lucas
Office: 306, 7679 [2] 4763
Office hours: Tuesdays 1-2 pm and by appointment
Class Meetings
Tuesdays 11 AM- 1PM
Room B13
COURSE INFORMATION
This handbook contains the basic information about the content and administration of the
course. Additional subject-specific reading lists and individual session hand-outs will be given
out at appropriate points in the course. If students have queries about the objectives, structure,
content, assessment or organisation of the course, they should consult the Course
Co-ordinators.
Aim
This course aims to introduce students to the range of issues addressed through
archaeobotanical data and the basic methods used in archaeobotany
Objectives
On successful completion of this course students should:
 Be able to recognise the different archaeobotanical datasets and explain how they are
preserved.
 Have an overview of the questions addressed through archaeobotany.
 Be familiar with examples of studies of hunter-gatherer archaeobotany.
 Be able to describe the basic differences between a wild and domesticated cereal.
 Be able to discuss lines of evidence for the construction of past diet and food
processing.
 Be able to discuss the reconstruction of past environments from archaeobotanical
evidence.
Teaching Schedule
13 January
1
Introduction. -DF
What is archaeobotany? What are the big issues? What does archaeobotanical
data look like and how is it used?
20 January
2
A practical introduction to cereals: identification, plant parts and processing,
domestication criteria and processes.
Starting your own project: Archaeobotanical samples, procedures, and sorting. LL
27 January
3
Hunter-Gatherer diet and plant use.- LL
3 February
4
Documenting early cultivation and crop domestication.- LL
10 February 5
Reconstructing Agricultural Systems. Arable Ecology and Weed Seeds–Chris
Stevens
17 February READING WEEK. No Class Meeting
24 February 6
Crop-processing, archaeobotanical formation processes, and social inferences
–DF
27 Feb.
Essay Due
3 March
7
Quantification and interpretation in archaeobotany, with special reference to the
Lab Project. --LL
10 March
8
Reconstructing environments: data from wood charcoal, pollen, phytoliths
–DF/LL
17 March
9
Direct indicators of Diet: From Palaeofaeces to Isotopes --DF
24 March
10 Course Integration and Review: From Human Ecology to Culinary Archaeology
--DF
26 March
** Lab Project Report Due
Teaching Methods & Laboratory Work
Course meetings will consist of 2-hour sessions, including a mixture of lecture, discussion and
practical sessions. Students will be expected to carry out a lab project, involving microscopy.
Microscopes and reference collections in Room 313 will be available for student use during
normal weekdays 9-5, except when other classes are in session there (normally, 4-6pm
Thursdays). The course instructor will be available outside of scheduled class periods, by
arrangement, to provide additional practical supervision to students on an individual or small
group basis, either in the lab (313) or the course instructor’s office (311). As indicated on the
front page of this handbook, Friday or Tuesday afternoon are preferred time for lab work. At
these times Dorian may be in the Lab and not his office.
WORKLOAD
There will be 20 hours of class time, including practical and discussion sessions, for this course.
Students will be expected to undertake around 60 hours of reading for the course, plus 60 hours
preparing for and producing the assessed work (including 20-30 hours of microscopy for the
practical project). This adds up to a total workload of some 140 hours for the course.
Means of Assessment
One assessed essay (70%) and one assessed report (30%). Essay due 27 February; Practical
Project report due 26 March.
Essay topics
Please select one of the following essay topics. This essay should be about 3500 words, i.e.
3,325-3,675 words. If it falls outside this length range it will be penalized in line with UCL
policy.
1) How can archaeobotanical investigation of hunter-gatherer sites contribute to our
understanding of ancient hunter-gatherer subsistence and scheduling?
2) What archaeobotanical criteria can be used to detect the beginnings of agriculture? Discuss
these and how they have been applied or ought to be applied in a region of the world of your
choice (e.g. Southwest Asia, China, Mesoamerica, North America).
3) How can archaeobotanical evidence be used to reconstruct aspects of agricultural practice
(tillage, manuring, irrigation, storage), and what contribution does this make to our
understanding of prehistoric societies?
4) How do archaeobotanical approaches based on preserved plant remains compare to the use
of stable isotopes to reconstruct past diet?
Practical Project
The second assignment, a laboratory report of ca. 1500 words (1,425-1,575 words) based on a
practical project. This word count does not include data tables or figures. Students will be given
each 6 sub-samples of archaeobotanical flotation samples. With guidance provided in class, and
supervision outside of class, students will be expected to sort their samples, separating
seed/grain/chaff fragments from the background of wood charcoal fragments, and with
assistance of Dr. Fuller identify plant remains recovered. Students will be expected to describe
and quantify their results and suggest how these might be interpreted in terms of agriculture,
wild plant use and/or crop-processing. The lab report should include the following general
headings: introduction (introducing the site, and potential research questions to which the
archaeobotanical evidence contributes), materials and methods (briefing describing the
labwork and describing methods of counting & quantifying, with a few relevant references),
results (presenting results and patterns in results, graphs and tables are useful here), discussion
(a brief assessment of any potential conclusions).
In 2014, students will be offered samples from Ethiopia.
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT
The criteria for assessment used in this course are those agreed by the Board of Examiners in
Archaeology, and are included in the Undergraduate Handbook (available on the Institute
web-site: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/students). In brief, the grades used
are A, B, C, D, E and F, with finer distinctions indicated by a plus (+) or a minus (-). All
coursework is marked by two internal examiners and can be re-assessed by the Visiting
Examiner. Therefore, the mark given by the initial examiner (prior to return) is a provisional
assessment for guidance only, and may be modified after consultation with the second internal
examiner, or by the Visiting Examiner.
Specific criteria for marking differ between Year 2 and Year 3 students, Affiliate Students and
qualifying year Post-Graduate in line with departmental policies.
CITING OF SOURCES
Coursework should be expressed in a student’s own words giving the exact source of any ideas,
information, and diagrams etc. that are taken from the work of others. Any direct quotations
from the work of others must be indicated as such by being placed between inverted commas.
Plagiarism is regarded as a very serious irregularity which can carry very heavy penalties. It is
your responsibility to read and abide by the requirements for presentation, referencing and
avoidance of plagiarism to be found in the IoA ‘Coursework Guidelines’ at
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/students
SUBMISSION OF COURSEWORK
The coursework must be stapled to a completed coversheet (available from outside Room 411A
or at Reception) and submitted to the course co-ordinator’s pigeon hole via the Red Essay Box
at Reception by the appropriate deadline. Late submission will be penalized unless permission
has been granted and an Extension Request Form (ERF) completed. Please see the IoA
‘Coursework
Guidelines’
for
full
details
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/students
SUBMISSION OF COURSEWORK TO ‘TURNITIN’
In addition to submitting your coursework as described above, it is now a requirement that you
submit it electronically to the Turnitin system. You will be provided with the necessary code for
submitting your work for this course.
Students who fail to submit their coursework to Turnitin will not receive the mark for the work
in question until they have done so (although they will receive written feedback in the usual
way). The maximum mark for work that has not been submitted to Turnitin prior to the meeting
of the Board of Examiners will be a bare pass. In advance of submitting your coursework for
marking you may, if you wish, run your work through the system in order to obtain a report on
the originality of the wording and then make any necessary adjustments prior to final
submission. Turnitin advisors will be available to help you at specified times if you need help
generating or interpreting the reports. It is important to recognise that the final decision about
whether work contains plagiarism rests with academic staff. Consequently, the presence or
absence of matches in a Turnitin report does not, by itself, provide a guarantee that the work in
question either contains or is free from plagiarism. Detailed instructions on the use of the
system will be supplied separately.
Turnitin ID: 434714
Password: IoA1213
KEEPING COPIES
Please note that it is an Institute requirement that you retain a copy (this can be electronic) of all
coursework submitted. When your marked essay is returned to you, you should return it to the
marker within two weeks.
COMMUNICATION
If any changes need to be made to the course arrangements, these will normally be
communicated by email. It is therefore essential that you consult your UCL e-mail account
regularly.
DYSLEXIA AND OTHER DISABILITIES
If you have dyslexia or any other disability, please make your lecturers aware of this. Please
discuss with your lecturers whether there is any way in which they can help you. Students with
dyslexia are reminded to indicate this on each piece of coursework.
FEEDBACK
In trying to make this course as effective as possible, we welcome feedback from students
during the course of the year. All students are asked to give their views on the course in an
anonymous questionnaire which will be circulated at one of the last sessions of the course. If
students are concerned about any aspect of this course we hope they will feel able to talk to the
Course Co-ordinator, but if they feel this is not appropriate, they should consult their Personal
Tutor, the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington), or the Chair of Teaching Committee
(Dr. Karen Wright).
LIBRARIES
The library of the Institute of Archaeology will be the principal resource for assigned readings
for this course. A number of reference books, useful for practical work, are available in the
lab (313), and these can be consulted therein, but should not be removed from the laboratory.
ON-LINE SOURCES
The course coordinator maintains a number of web-pages with useful links and downloadable
materials. This includes images on archaeobotanical field sampling, publications, which may
be on the reading list or useful for essays, and practical handouts on identification (aimed at
MSc students, but useful for the laboratory practical project).
From the top right side of Dorian staff profile there is a link to ‘archaeobotanical homepage’,
which has resources and hand-outs useful to this course. Further down the page in links to
resources from other archaeobotanical laboratories or related botanical sources:
http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrndfu/archaeobotany.htm
Most of Dorian’s publications can be downloaded from his staff profile; while others are
organized thematically on this download page:
http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrndfu/downloads.htm
(These resources are due to be updated soon!)
Links to the above, can also be found in the ‘Flotation Gallery’:
http://archaeobotany.googlepages.com/
Dorian’s blog: http://archaeobotanist.blogspot.co.uk/
See also recent notices of publications and web resources here:
http://www.scoop.it/t/archaeobotany-and-domestication
Among other useful archaeobotanical site with available publications, visit
Mark Nesbitt & Delwen Samuel's "Ancient Grains" website:
http://www.ancientgrains.org/index.html
George Willcox’s website: http://g.willcox.pagesperso-orange.fr/
Naomi Miller’s website: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~nmiller0/
Simone Riehls’ publications:
http://www.urgeschichte.uni-tuebingen.de/index.php?id=135&L=1
Or projects page: http://homepages.uni-tuebingen.de/simone.riehl/
Gary Crawford’s website: http://www.profgarycrawford.ca/
Elena Marinova: http://www.elenamarinova.net/index.html
http://paleobot.org/ (an attempt to create a facebook of archaeological seeds)
Course syllabus and reading
Class 1: 13 January. Introduction
Lecture: Overview of course organisation. Brief history of archaeobotany. Discussion of
questions that can be addressed through archaeobotany. Modes of preservation of plant
remains. General methods of sample collection.
Introductory articles
 Crawford, Gary. 2008. Macro-remains analysis. In D. Pearsall (ed.) Encyclopedia of
Archaeology (2008), vol. 2, pp. 1593-1598 [on-line at sciencedirect.com]
 Jacomet, Stefanie. 2007. Use in Environmental Archaeology, in the section: Plant
Macrofossil Methods and Studies (ed. by Hilary Birks). In: Elias, S. (Editor in Chief)
Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Oxford (Elsevier), 2007, Vol. 3, 2384-2412
[download from: http://ipna.unibas.ch/archbot/literaturseiteD.html ]
 Fuller, D. Q. 2008. Archaeological Science in Field Training. In From Concepts of the
Past to Practical Strategies: The Teaching of Archaeological Field Techniques (eds. P.
J. Ucko, Ling Qing and Jane Hubert). London: Saffron Press. Pp. 183-205
[or download from here: http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrndfu/downloads.htm ]
Class 2. 20 January. A Practical introduction to cereals
Lecture: This session will provide an overview of the staple cereals crops, their recoverable
plant parts (chaff, grains) and domestication traits. It will involve some practical time. It will
also provide an introduction to approaches to quantification in archaeobotany.
Also, in this session students will be given their own archaeobotanical samples, which will
provide the dataset for their practical report, and will be given guidance on how to begin
analysing them. You will receive your lab report samples in this session.
Downloadable handout: “A primer of cereals and grass infloresence structure” [note: this is
bilingual with Chinese]. Also recommended: Dorian’s millet atlas, and additional cereal
identification guidance. http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrndfu/archaeobotany.htm
Readings: on cereals
 C. B. Heiser 1978/ 1981. Seed to Civilization. . Harvard University Press. Chapter 5
“Grasses: The Staff of Life”, pp. 61-110 [INST ARCH HA HEI and issue desk]
 Zohary, D. and M. Hopf 2000. Domestication of Plants in the Old World, third
edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [INST ARCH HA ZOH; Issue Desk IOA
ZOH] Chap. 2 [new 4th edition is also fine]
 De Wet, “Millets”, Pp. 112-120, in Kiple and Ornelas (eds.) The Cambridge History
of Food, Vol. I.
 Jones, G. E. M., Valamoti, S. and Charles, M. 2000. Early crop diversity: a "new"
glume wheat from northern Greece. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 9,
133-146.
on quantification
 Pearsall, D. M.2000 Paleoethnobotany, second edition. New York: Academic
Press. “Presenting and Interpreting Results”, pp. 188-227, or 1st edition, pp.
194-230. [INST ARCH BB 5 PEA; issue desk IOA PEA 6]
Class 3. 27 Jan. Hunter-Gatherer diet and plant use
This session will examine the role of plant foods and foraging in ‘pre-Neolithic’ economies,
including ethnographic and ecological modelling, and several case studies. The session will
provide a brief overview to the utility of anatomical study of charred parenchyma tissues in
order to identify otherwise 'invisible' plants. Some reference will be made to other potential
uses of gathered plants that probably date back to the Palaeolithic, including as ‘drugs’,
‘medicines’ and agents for birth control.
Downloadable handout: “The archaeobotany of hunter-gatherers”
Readings:
 Lee, Richard B. 1968. What Hunters Do for a living, or , How to Make Out on
Scarce Resources, in Man the Hunter (R. B. Lee and I. de Vore eds.), pp. 30-48.
Chicago: Aldine. [Teaching collection 97; INST ARCH HB LEE, with 1 copy at
issue desk; cience library ANTHROPOLOGY E 62 LEE]
 Weiss, E., W. Wetterstrom, D. Nadel, and O. Bar-Yosef. 2004. The broad spectrum
revisited: Evidence from plant remains. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences (USA) 101:9551-9555. [see also Weiss et al. 2012, on readings for Lecture
1]
 Kubiak-Martens L. 2002, New evidence for the use of root foods in pre-agrarian
subsistence recovered from the late Mesolithic site at Halsskov, Denmark,
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 11:23-31.
 Wollstonecroft, M., P. R. Ellis, G. C. Hillman, and D. Q Fuller (2008) Advances in
plant food processing in the Near Eastern Epipalaeolithic and implications for
improved edibility and nutrient bioaccessibility: an experimental assessment
of Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla (sea club-rush). Vegetation History and
Archaeobotany DOI 10.1007/s00334-008-0162-x
 Bleed, P and Matsui, A. 2010. Why didn’t agriculture develop in Japan? A
consideration of Jomon ecological style, Niche Construction, and the Origins of
Domestication. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 17: 356-370
 Smith, Bruce 2011. General patterns of niche construction and the management of
‘wild’ plant and animal resources by small-scale pre-industrial societies.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 366: 836-848
 Bahuchet, S. 1991. Wild yams revisited: is independence from agriculture possible
for rain forest hunter-gatherers? Human Ecology 19: 213-243.
 Bailey, R.C. 1991. Tropical rain forest: is it a productive environment for human
foragers? Human Ecology 19: 261-285.
Class 4. 3 Feb. Documenting early cultivation and crop domestication
In this session we will look at general principles involved in the study of agricultural origins,
including defining domestication of plants and animals, cultivation and pastoralism, and
review some of the kinds of archaeological and other evidence that can be used to investigate
them. We will explore case studies from the Near East, China, India, Africa and only more
briefly touch on the New World.
Origins of agriculture. Basic Readings:
 *Harris DR. 1989. An evolutionary continuum of people-plant interaction. In:
Harris DR and Hillman GC, eds. Foraging and farming: the evolution of plant
exploitation. London: Routledge, 11-26. [reprinted in Denham & White 2007
textbook]
OR
 Harris, D. R. 1996. Introduction: themes and concepts in the study of early
agriculture, in The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia,
(D. Harris ed.), pp. 1-9. London: UCL Press. [INST ARCH HA HAR, with 1 copy
at issue desk]
AND/OR
 *Harris, D. R. (2008) Agriculture, Cultivation and Domestication: Exploring the
Conceptual Framework Of Early Food Production. In Denham, T., Iriarte, J. &
Vrydaghs, L. (eds.) Rethinking Agriculture. Archaeological and
Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp. 16-35
AND/OR
 Purugganan, Michael D. & Dorian Q Fuller (2009) The nature of selection during
plant domestication. Nature 457: 843-848
AND/OR

Fuller, Dorian Q (2010) An Emerging Paradigm Shift in the Origins of Agriculture.
General Anthropology 17 (2): 1, 8-12
DEBATE: Was Domestication Fast or Slow? Once or Many?
 Abbo S, Lev-Yadun S, Gopher A (2010) Agricultural origins: centers and
non-centers; a Near Eastern reappraisal. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
29:317–328
OR
 Abbo S, Lev-Yadun S, Gopher A. 2011. Origin of Near Eastern plant
domestication: homage to Claude Levi-Strauss and ‘La Pensée Sauvage’. Genetic
Resources and Crop Evolution 58, 175–179.
VS.
 FULLER, D., Willcox, G., Allaby, R. G. Cultivation and domestication had
multiple origins: arguments against the core area hypothesis for the origins of
agriculture in the Near East. World Archaeology 43(4), 628-652
OR
 FULLER, DQ, Willcox, G., Allaby, R. (2012). Early Agricultural Pathways:
moving outside the 'core area' hypothesis' in Southwest Asia. Journal of
Experimental Botany 63: 617-633.
 Willcox G. 2012. Searching for the origins of arable weeds in the Near East.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 21(2) [March 2012]
 Tanno, K.-I., and Willcox, G. 2012. Distinguishing wild and domestic wheat and
barley spikelets from early Holocene sites in the Near East. Vegetation History and
Archaeobotany vol. 21(2) [March 2012]
 Lucas, L., Colledge, S., Simmons, A., FULLER, D. (2012). Crop introduction and
accelerated island evolution: archaeobotanical evidence from ‘Ais Yiorkis and
Pre-Pottery Neolithic Cyprus. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 21(2):
117-129.
 FULLER, DQ and Alison R. Weisskopf (2011) The Early Rice Project: from
Domestication to Global Warming. Archaeology International 13/14: 44-5
 Fuller, D. Q. and Ling Qin (2010) Declining oaks, increasing artistry, and
cultivating rice: the environmental and social context of the emergence of farming
in the Lower Yangtze Region. Environmental Archaeology 15 (2): 139-159
Class 5. 10 Feb. Reconstructing Agricultural Systems
Contrasts between different types of agricultural systems: Vegeculture, Seed Crop Agriculture,
Perennials and Aboriculture. Aspects of the evolution of agricultural systems, including
irrigation, tillage, intensification and diversification, will be addressed.
Readings:
 Harris, D. R. 1969. Agricultural systems, ecosystems and origins of agriculture, in
The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals (P.J. UcKo and G.W.
Dimbleby Eds.), pp.3-16. Loondon: Duckworth. INST ARCH HA UCK, issue
desk: IOA UCK 3]
 Sherratt, Andrew 1980. Water, soil and seasonality in early cereal cultivation,
World Archaeology 11(3): 313-329 [Teaching Collection 170]
 Jones, Martin K. 1988. The Arable Field: A Botanical Battleground, in
Archaeology and the Flora of the British Isles - Human influence on the evolution of
plant communities, (M. K. Jones ed.), pp. 86-92. Oxford University Committee for
Archaeology Monograph 14. Oxford. [INST ARCH DAD series BAD VOR 31]
 Hillman , G. 1991. Phytosociology and ancient weeds floras: taking account of
taphonomy and changes in cultivation methods. in D. R. Harris and K. D. Thomas
(eds) Modelling Ecological Change. IoA. [INST ARCH BB 6 HAR and Issuer Desk
HAR 9]
 Jones, G., Charles, M., Bogaard, A., Hodgson, J.G. and Palmer, C. 2005 The
functional ecology of present-day arable weed floras and its applicability for the
identification of past crop husbandry. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 14(4):
493-504
Class 6. 24 Feb. Crop-Processing, archaeobotanical formation processes, and social
inferences
In this session we will explore the processes that contribute to the formation of the
archaeobotanical record, contrasting water-logged macro-remains with charred macro-remains.
The important insights of ethnographic models, especially of the processing cereal crops, will
be highlighted, as will their potential to discuss social patterns. In addition, the preservation of
biomolecular evidence, espeically ancient DNA, will be breifly covered. A practical
examination of charred archaeobotanical samples will be uindertaken in order to oberve and
discuss the state of prerservation, assemblage composition and the challenges of identification.
Downloadable handout: “Archaeobotany taphonomy and crop-processing: diagrams and
selected bibliography” [revised bilingual version recommended]
Readings:
 Wilkinson, K. and Stevens, C. J. 2003. Environmental Archaeology. Approaches,
Techniques, Applications. Tempus. Pp. 136-167, 175-208
 Harvey, E. and Fuller, D. Q. 2005. Investigating crop processing through phytolith
analysis: the case of rice and millets. Journal of Archaeological Science 32,
739-752
[can download from:www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/%7Etcrndfu/downloads.htm, Or
sciencedirect.com].
 Fuller, Dorian Q & Chris J. Stevens (2009) Agriculture and the development of
complex societies. In A. Fairbairn & Ehud Weiss (eds). From Foragers to Farmers.
Papers in Honour of Gordon C. Hillman. Oxbow Books, Oxford. Pp. 37-57.
 Kreuz, A. and E. Shafer (2008) Archaeobotanical consideration of the development
of Pre-Roman Iron Age crop growing in the region of Hesse, Germany, and the
question of agricultural production and consumption at hillfort sites and open
settlements. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 17 (S1): S159-S179
 Van der Veen, M (2007) Formation processes of desiccated and carbonized plant
remains – the identification of routine practice. Journal of Archaeological Science
34: 968-990
 Mary Anne Murray (2009) Questions of continuity: Fodder and fuel use in Bronze
Age Egypt. In A. Fairbairn & Ehud Weiss (eds). From Foragers to Farmers. Papers
in Honour of Gordon C. Hillman. Oxbow Books, Oxford.
 Lancelotti, C. and M. Madella (2012) The ‘invisible’ product: developing markers
for identifying dung in archaeological contexts. Journal of Archaeological Science
39 (4): 953–963
 Miller, N. F. Melinda A. Zeder, and Susan R. Arter. 2009. From Food and Fuel to
Farms and Flocks: The Integration of Plant and Animal Remains in the Study of the
Agropastoral Economy at Gordion, Turkey. Current Anthropology Vol. 50, No. 6:
pp. 915-924
Class 7. 3 March. Reconstructing environments
General overview of approaches to classifying and describing plant communities and their
dynamics. Categories of macro-remains will be considered in terms of their utility for
reconstructing past environments, especially wood charcoal and water-logged seeds and leaves.
Micro-remains, especially pollen, will be introduced, with a discussion of reading pollen
diagrams. The key theme will be identifying and distinguishing vegetational change from
climatic forcing as opposed to human impact, especially through the spread of agriculture.
Pollen may come from either natural deposits or cultural (archaeological) deposits, and the
potential contribution of both will be discussed. Issues of taphonomy and the resolution of
temporal and spatial scale will be considered.
Downloadable handouts: “Environmental reconstruction…..macros….micros”
Readings
 Wilkinson, K. and Stevens, C. J. 2003. Environmental Archaeology. Approaches,
Techniques, Applications. Tempus. Pp. 81-100
OR
 Pearsall 2000. Palaeoethnobotany. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 263-269
[History of Pollen analysis] 311-348 [presenting and interpreting … ]
[if you cannot get ahold of the second edition, then read the first edition (1989), pp.
256-258, 84-302 [INST ARCH BB5 PEA; issue desk: IOA PEA 6]
 Willis, K. J. and K. D. Bennett 1994. The Neolithic transition – fact or fiction?
Palaeoecological evidence from the Balkans, The Holocene 4: 326-330
 Roberts, Neil, et alii 2001. The Tempo of Holocene climatic change in the eastern
Mediterranenan region: new high-resolution crater lake sediment data from central
Turkey, The Holocene 11: 721-736
Wood Charcoal:
 Asouti, E., and P. Austin (2005) Reconstructing woodland vegetation and its
relation to human societies, based on the analysis and interpretation of
archaeological wood charcoal macro-remains. Environmental Archaeology 10:
1-18.
 Marston, J. M. 2009. Modeling wood acquisition strategies from archaeological
charcoal remains. Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 2192-2200
 Asouti, E. (2003) Woodland vegetation and fuel exploitation at the prehistoric
campsite of Pinarbasi, south-central Anatolia, Turkey: the evidence from the wood
charcoal macro-remains. Journal of Archaeological Science 30/9: 1185-1201.
 Heinz, C., Figueiral, I., Terral, J.-F. and Claustre, F. (2004) Holocene vegetation
changes in the northwestern Mediterranean: new palaeoecological data from
charcoal analysis and quantitative eco-anatomy. The Holocene 14: 621-27.
 Kreuz, A. (2008) Closed forest or open woodland as natural vegetation in the
surroundings of Linearbandkeramic settlements? Vegetation History and
Archaeobotany 17: 51-64.
 Picornell L.G., Asouti E., and Allué E.M. (2011) The ethnoarchaeology of firewood
management in the Fang villages of Equatorial Guinea, central Africa: Implications
for the interpretation of wood fuel remains from archaeological sites. Journal of
Anthropological Archaeology 30: 375-384.
 Willcox, G. (1974) A history of deforestation as indicated by charcoal analysis of
four sites in eastern Anatolia. Anatolian Studies 24: 117-133
Class 8. 10 March. Food Processing, nutrition and post-harvest intensification
The important role of processing plant foods and the reconstruction of processing patterns will
also be discussed. Particular emphasis will be laid on the role of processing in making tubers
edible. The concepts of bioaccessibility and bioavailability will be introduced.
Readings:
 Capparelli, A. S. M. Valamoti and M. M. Wollstonecroft 2011. After the harvest:
investigating the role of food processing in past human societies. Archaeological
and Anthropological Sciences 3(1): 1-5
 Wandsnider L (1997) The roasted and the boiled: food composition and heat
treatment with special emphasis on pit-hearth cooking. J Anthropological
Archaeology 16:1–48
 Carmody RN, Weintraub GS, Wrangham RW (2011) Energetic consequences of
thermal and nonthermal food processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
108:19199–19203
 Wollstonecroft, MM, PR Ellis, GC Hillman, DQ FULLER, and PJ Butterworth
(2012). A calorie is not necessarily a calorie: technical choice, nutrient

And/or
bioaccessibility, and interspecies differences in plants. [Letter] PNAS vol. 109, no.
17: E991 [online]
Samuel, Delwen 1996. Archaeology of Ancient Egyptian Beer, Journal of the
American Society of Brewing Chemists 54: 3-12 [download from
www.ancientgrains.org]

Samuel, Delwen 1994. Cereal Food Processing in Ancient Egypt, A Case Study of
Integration, in Whither Environmenatl Archaeology, pp. 153-158. Oxford: Oxbow
Books
[It is also recommended that you read the paper by Barry Kemp which precedes the Samuel
paper and discusses the food on the same site from the perspective of ancient textual evidence]
[download from www.ancientgrains.org]
 FULLER, DQ Rowlands, M. (2011). Ingestion and Food Technologies:
Maintaining differences over the long-term in West, South and East Asia. In
Bennet, J., Sherratt, S., Wilkinson, T. C. (Eds.). Interweaving Worlds - systematic
interactions in Eurasia, 7th to 1st millennia BC. Essays from a conference in
memory of Professor Andrew Sherratt ( pp.37-60). Oxford: Oxbow Books Ltd
Class 9. 17 Mar. Direct Indicators of Diet: From Palaeofaeces in Isotopes.
This session will look at methods for assessing the actual composition of ancient diets,
especially in terms of plant foods, and their effects on nutrition/ malnutrition. Topic cover will
include the analysis of coprolites, gut contents, ceramic botanical residues, and stable isotopes
from human bone.
Readings:
 Hillman, G. C. 1986. Plant foods in ancient diet: the archaeological role of
palaeofaeces in general and Lindow Man's gut contents in particular, in Lindow
Man: the body in the bog (I. M. Stead, J. B. Bourke and D. R. Borthwell eds.), pp.
99-115. London: British Museum Press [INST ARCH DAA 410 STE; issue desk
IOA STE 1; Teaching collection]
 Bryant, V. M., Jr. and G. Williams Dean 1975. The Coprolites of Man, Scientific
American 232 (i): 100-109 [Teaching collection ADD]
 White, Christine D. 1993. “Isotopic Determination of Seasonality in Diet and Death
from Nubian Mummy Hair” in Journal of Archaeological Science 20: 657-666
[INST ARCH PERS; this article can be downloaded through the UCL network from
http://www.idealibrary.com/]
 Richards, M.P. & Hedges, R.E.M. (1999). A Neolithic revolution? New evidence
of diet in the British Neolithic. Antiquity 73: 891-897.
 Hastorf, C. 1991. Gender, space and food in prehistory. In: Engendering
Archaeology (eds J. Gero & M. Conkey), pp. 132-159. Oxford: Blackwell.
 Pearsall, D. 2000. Paleoethnobotany. Cadamic Press. Second edition only, pp.
561-565
Class 10. 24 Mar. Course Integration and Review: From Human Ecology to Culinary
Archaeology
This session will reconsider the subject of this course in the context of archaeological theory,
both in terms of the general application of archaeobotany within archaeological research
programs (Butzer, Hodder), as well as theoretical questions that archaeobotany can be used to
address, including the evolutionary ecology of humans and human-influenced ecosystems. Be
prepared to discuss an explicitly post-processual case study (Skoglund).
Readings:
 Butzer, K. 1982. Archaeology as Human Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. Chaps. 1, 13, 15 [INST ARCH AH BUT, and issue desk]
 Hodder, I. 1999. The Archaeological Process. Oxford: Blackwell. Chap. 6, pp.
105-116 [INST ARCH HA HOD; issue desk: IOA HOD 19]




Wilkinson, K. and Stevens, C. J. 2003. Environmental Archaeology. Approaches,
Techniques, Applications. Tempus. Pp. 209-240
Shennan, S. 2002. Memes, Genes and Human History. Darwinian Archaeology and
Cultural Evolution. Thames and Hudson, London. Chapter 6
Sherratt, Andrew 1999. Cash-crops before cash: organic consumables and trade, in
The Prehistory of Food. Appetites for Change (C. Gosden and J. Hather eds.), pp.
13-34. London: Routledge
Fraser, Evan D. G. and A. Rimas (2010) Empires of Food. Feast, Famine and the
rise and fall of Civilizations. Free Press, New York. PP. 7-39, the next section also
recommended (pp. 41-68).
FURTHER READINGS BY WEEK AND TOPIC:
1. 13 January: Introduction.
Further readings on some case studies to be introduced




Nadel, Dani, Dolores R. Piperno, Irene Holst, Ainit Snir and Ehud Weiss (2012) New
evidence for the processing of wild cereal grains at Ohalo II, a 23 000-year-old
campsite on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, Israel. Antiquity 86 (334): 990-1003
Fuller, Dorian Q, Ling Qin, Yunfei Zheng, Zhijun Zhao, Xugao Chen, Leo Aoi
Hosoya, and Guo-ping Sun (2009) The Domestication Process and Domestication Rate
in Rice: Spikelet bases from the Lower Yangtze. Science 323: 1607-1610
Stevens, Chris J. and DORIAN Q FULLER (2012). Did Neolithic farming fail? The
case for a Bronze Age agricultural revolution in the British Isles. Antiquity 86 (333):
707–722
Willcox, George and Danielle Stordeur (2012) Large-scale cereal processing before
domestication during the tenth millennium cal BC in northern Syria. Antiquity 86
(331): 99-114
Further introductory readings







Pearsall, Deborah 1989. Paleoethnobotany. New York: Academic Press. Chap. 1., pp.
1-9, or second edition (2000), pp. 1-10 [INST ARCH BB5 PEA; Issue desk IOA PEA
6]
Zohary, D. and M. Hopf 2000. Domestication of Plants in the Old World, third edition.
Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. 1-7. or second edition (1993), Pp. 1-7 [INST
ARCH HA ZOH; Issue desk IOA ZOH]
Jones, Martin K. 1985. Archaeobotany beyond subsistence reconstruction, in Beyond
Domestication in Prehistoric Europe (G. W. Barker and C. Gamble eds.), pp. 107-128.
New York: Academic Press [ISSUE DESK IOA BAR 2]
Hastorf, C. A. 1999. Recent Research in Paleoethnobotany, Journal of Archaeological
Research 7(1): 55-103 [Teaching Collection 1906]
Gremillion, K. 1997. New Perspectives on the Paleoethnobotany of the Newt Kash
Shelter, in People, Plants and Landscapes. Studies in Paleoethnobotany (K. J.
Gremillion ed.), pp. 23-41. Tuscaloosa: University ofAlabama Press. [Issue desk IOA
Gre 5]
Watson, Patty Jo. 1997. The Shaping of Modern Paleoethnobotany, in People, Plants
and Landscapes – Studies in Paleoethnobotany (K.Gremillon ed), pp.13-22.
Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press. [Issue desk IOA Gre 5]
Jones, Martin K. 1991. Sampling in palaeoethnobotany, in Progress in Old World
Palaeoethnobotany (W. Van Zeist, K. Wasylikowa, and K.-H. Behre eds.), pp. 53-63.
Rotterdam: Balkema [INST ARCH BB 5 VAN, and issue desk]
2. 20 January. A Practical introduction to cereals.
On cereals, and their domestication



Harlan, Jack 1992. Crops and Man. Madison: American Society of Agronomy.
Chapter 6: “Dynamics of Domestcation”
Evers, A., and M. Nesbitt. 2006. "Cereals," in The encyclopedia of seeds: science,
technology and uses. Edited by M. Black, J. D. Bewley, and P. Halmer, pp. 65-70.
Wallingford: CABI. [available from: ancientgrains.org]
Jones, G. 1998. Wheat grain identification: why bother? Environmental Archaeology

2: 29-34.
D. Q. Fuller 2007. Contrasting patterns in crop domestication and domestication rates:
recent archaeobotanical insights from the Old World. Annals of Botany 100(5):
903-924
on quantification
 Green, Walton A. 2009. Hatching seeds before they’re counted. Archaeological and
Anthropological Sciences Volume 1, Issue 1, pp 1-13,
 Jones, G. E. M. 1991. Numerical analysis in archaeobotany, in Progress in Old World
Archaeobotany (W. Van Ziest, K. Wasylikowa and K.-E. Behre eds.), pp. 63-80.
Rotterdam: Balkema [INST ARCH BB VAN, with 1 copy at issue desk]
 Hubbard, R.N.L.B. and Alan Clapham, 1992, Quantifying macroscopic plant remains,
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 73:117-132.
 Various chapters on quantification in Current Paleoethnobotany. Analytical Methods
and Cultural Interpretations of Archaeological Plant remains (C. A. Hastorf and V. S.
Popper eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988
 Chapters in Integrating Zooarchaeology and Paleoethnobotany. Edited by A. M.
VanDerwarker and T. M. Peres. Springer, New York, 2010
3. 27 Jan. Hunter-Gatherer diet and plant use.



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
Harris, D. R. 1984. Ethnohistorical evidence for the exploitation of wild grasses and
forbes: Its scope and archaeological implications, in Plants and Ancient Man - Studies
in Paleoethnobotany (W. Van Zist and W. A. Casparie eds.), pp. 63-69. Rotterdam:
A.A. Balkema. [INST ARCH BB 5 VAN, with 1 copy at issue desk]
Testart, A. 1982. The significance of food storage among hunter-gatherers: residence
patterns, population densities, and social inequalities. Current Anthropology 25:
523-37.
Wollstonecroft, Michele 2011. Investigating the role of food processing in human
evolution: a niche construction approach. Archaeological and Anthropological
Sciences 3: 141-150
Hunter-Gatherer Archaeobotany (S. L. R. Mason and J. G. Hather eds.) London: UCL
Institute of Archaeology, 2002.
Kelly, R.L. 1995. The Foraging Spectrum: Diversity in Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways.
Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Chapter 3: foraging and subsistence
(especially optimal foraging theory).
Shennan, S. 2002. Memes, Genes and Human History. Darwinian Archaeology and
Cultural Evolution. Thames and Hudson, London. Especially Chapter 6
Taylor, Tim. 1996. The Prehistory of Sex. London: Fourth Estate. Pp. 83-96 [‘Power
play’ onwards discusses the probable role of birth control in human prehistory, as an
argument against sociobiology, and the probable importance of various plants]
Further Reading: NEAR EAST
 Hillman, G. C. 1989. Late Palaeolithic plant foods from Wadi Kubbaniya in Upper
Egypt: dietary diversity, infant weaning, and seasonality in a riverine environment, in
Foraging and Farming (D. R. Harris and G. C. Hillman eds.), pp. 207-233. London:
Unwin and Hyman [INST ARCH HA HAR, or Issue Desk IOA HAR 6]
 [alternative reading: G. Hillman, E. Madeyska and J. Hather. (1989) Wild plant foods
and diet at late Palaeolithic Wadi Kubbaniya : the evidence from charred remains, in
The prehistory of Wadi Kubbaniya Vol. 2. (Fred Wendorf, Romuald Schild and Angela
E. Close eds.). Dallas, Tex. : Southern Methodist University Press: Pp. 162-242.
Teaching Collection 918; EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 7 WEN]
 M. Savard, M. Nesbitt, M.K. Jones. 2006. The role of wild grasses in subsistence and
sedentism: new evidence from the northern Fertile Crescent. World Archaeology 38(2):
179-196




Mason, S. and M. Nesbitt. 2009. “Acorns as food in southeast Turkey: implications for
past subsistence in Southwest Asia,” in From foragers to farmers: papers in honour of
Gordon C. Hillman. Edited by A.S. Fairbairn and E. Weiss, pp. 71-85. Oxford: Oxbow
Books.
Kislev, M. E. and O. Sinchoni 2002. Reconstructing the palaeoecology of Ohalo II, an
Early Epipalaeolithic site in Israel. In Hunter-Gatherer Archaeobotany. Perspectives
from the northern temperate zone (S. L. R. Mason & J. G. Hather eds.). UCL Institute
of Archaeology, London. Pp. 174-179
Barlow, K. R. and M. Heck (2002) More on acorn eating during the Natufian: expected
patterning in diet and the archaeological record of subsistence. In In Hunter-Gatherer
Archaeobotany. Perspectives from the northern temperate zone (S. L. R. Mason & J. G.
Hather eds.). UCL Institute of Archaeology, London. Pp. 128-145
Wright, K. I. 1994. Ground-stone tools and hunter-gatherer subsistence in Southwest
Asia: Implications for the transition to farming, American Antiquity 59(2): 238-263
Further Reading: Europe and North America
 Perry, David 1999. Vegetative tissues from mesolithic sites in the Northern
Netherlands, Current Anthropology 40(2): 231-237. [ANTHROPOLOGY PERS; this
article can be downloaded through the Ucl network from http:/uk.jstor.org/]
 Mason, S. L. 1995. Acornucopia? Determining the role of acrons in past human
subsistence, in Food in Antiquity (J. Wilkins, D. Harvey and M. Dobson eds.), pp.
12-24. Exeter: Exeter University Press
 Garcea, E. A. A. 2003. Cultural convergences of northern Europe and North Africa
during the Early Holocene? In Mesolithic on the Move: Papers Presented at the Sixth
International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000 (eds L.
Larsson, H. Kindgren, K. Knutsson, D. Loeffler and A. A ° kerlund). Oxford: Oxbow
Books, pp. 108–14.
 Gardner, P. S. 1997. The Ecological Structure and Behavioral Implications of Mast
Exploitative Strategies, in People, Plants, and Landscapes. Studies in
Paleoethnobotany (K. J. Gremillion ed.), pp. 161-178. Tuscaloosa: University of
Alabama Press. [Issue Desk: IOA Gre 5]
 Turner, NJ. 1992 Plant resources of the Stl’atl’imx (Fraser River Lilooet) People: A
window into the past. In Complex Culture of the British Columbia Plateau: Traditional
Stl’atl’imx Resource Use, ed. B. Hayden, pp. 405-469 .University of British Columbia
Press: Vancouver.
 Wollstonecroft M. (2002) "The Fruit of their labour: plants and plant processing at
EeRb 140 (860 ± 60 uncal to 160± 50 uncal B.P.) a late prehistoric
hunter-gatherer-fisher site on the southern Interior Plateau, British Columbia, Canada".
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 11: 61-70.
Further readings on Jomon Japan
 Fuller, Dorian Q, Leo Aoi Hosoya, Yunfei Zheng and Ling Qin (2010) A Contribution
to the Prehistory of Domesticated Bottle Gourds in Asia: Rind Measurements from
Jomon Japan and Neolithic Zhejiang, China. Economic Botany 64 (3): 260-265
 Habu, J., M. Kim, M. Katayama & H. Komiya 2001. Jomon subsistence-settlement
systems at the Sannai Maruyama site. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory
Association 21: 9-21
 Matsui, K. & M. Kanehara 2006. The question of prehistoric plant husbandry during
the Jomon period in Japan World Archaeology 38(2): 259-273
 Crawford, Gary 2008. The Jomon in early agriculture discourse: Issue arising from
Matsui, Kanehara and Pearson. World Archaeology 40(4): 445-465
 Crawford, Gary 2011. Advances in understanding Early Agriculture in Japan. Current
Anthropology supplement 4 (Oct. 2011). Open access through jstor.org. doi:
10.1086/658369
 Bleed, P and Matsui, A. 2010. Why didn’t agriculture develop in Japan? A
consideration of Jomon ecological style, Niche Construction, and the Origins of
Domestication. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 17: 356-370
 Hosoya, L. A. 2011. Staple or famine food? Ethnographic and archaeological
approaches to nut processing in East Asian prehistory. Archaeological and
Anthropological Sciences 3(1): 7-17
 Takahashi, R. and L. A. Hosoya 2002. Nut exploitation in Jomon Society. In
Hunter-Gatherer Archaeobotany (S. L. R. Mason and J. G. Hather eds.) London: UCL
Institute of Archaeology. Pp. 146-155
4. 3 Feb. Documenting early cultivation and crop domestication





Barker, G. 2006. The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. OUP
Bar-Yosef, O. 1998. Introduction: Some Comments on the History of Research, The
Review of Archaeology 19(2): 1-5
Bellwood, P. 2004. First Farmers. The Origins of Agricultural Societies. Blackwell,
Oxford. [INST ARCH HA BEL]
Gepts P. 2004. Crop Domestication as a Long-term selection experiment. Plant
Breeding Reviews 24: 1-44.
Gregory, T. Ryan (2009) Artificial Selection and Domestication: Modern Lessons
from Darwin’s Enduring Analogy. Evolution: Education and Outreach 2(1): 5-27
Further Readings (regional)
Island Southeast Asia & New Guinea
 Latinis, Kyle 2000. The development of subsistence system models for Island
Southeast Asia and Near Oceania: the nature and role of aboriculture and
arboreal-based economies. World Archaeology 32(1): 41-67
 Denham, T. P., S. G. Haberle, C. Lentfer, R. Fullagar, J. Field, M. Therin, N. Porch, B.
Winsborough 2003. Origins of agriculture at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of New
Guinea. Science 301: 189-193
 Denham, Tim P. 2004. The roots of agriculture and arboriculture in New Guinea:
looking beyond Austronesian expansion, Neolithic packages and indigenous origins.
World Archaeology 36(4): 610-620
 Denham, T. 2005. Envisaging early agriculture in the Highlands of New Guinea:
landscapes, plants and practives. World Archaeology 37(2): 290-306
 Denham, T. and S. Haberle 2008. Agricultural emergence and transformation in the
Upper Wahgi valley, Papua New Guinea, during the Holocene: theory, method and
practice. The Holocene 18 (3): 481-496
 Fairbairn, A., G. S. Hope, G. R. Summerhayes 2006. Pleistocene occupation of New
Guinea’s highland and subalpine environments. World Archaeology 38(3): 371-386
 Paz, Victor J. 2005. Rock shelters, caves, and archaeobotany in Island Southeast Asia.
Asian Perspectives 44(1): 107-118
 Fairbairn, Andrew 2005. An archaeobotanical perspective on Holocene plant-use
practices in lowland northern New Guinea. World Archaeology 37(4): 487-502
 Harris, D. R. 1973. The prehistory of tropical agriculture: an ethnoecological model, in
The Explanation of Culture Change (C. Renfrew ed.), 391-417. London : Duckworth
{Inst Arch AH REN, and 3hr reserve REN 6]
 Bellwood, Peter 1976. Prehistoric plant and animal domestication in Austronesia, in
Problems in economic and social archaeology (edited by G. de G. Sieveking, I.H.
Longworth and K.E. Wilson). London : Duckworth [INST ARCH BC 100 Qto CLA]
 Yoshida, S. and Peter Matthews (eds) 2002 Vegeculture in Eastern Asia and Oceania.
Edited by S. Yoshida and P. Mathhews . Osaka: Japan Center for Area Studies,
National Museum of Ethnology.
Further reading Southwest Asia (Near East)

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

Vegetation History and Archaeobotany Volume 21, Issue 2, March 2012. Special
Issue: From collecting to cultivation:transitions to a production economy in the Near
East
Colledge, S. (1998) Identifying pre-domestication culltivation using multivariate
analysis. In Damania, A. B., Valkoun, J., Willcox, G. & Qualset, C. O. (eds) The
origins of agriculture and crop domestication. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, pp. 121-131.
Hillman, G. C., Hedges, R., Moore, A. M. T., Colledge, S. & Pettitt, P. (2001). New
evidence of Late Glacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates. The
Holocene 11: 383-393
Colledge S, Conolly J (2010) Reassessing the evidence for the cultivation of wild crops
during the Younger Dryas at Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria. Environmental Archaeology
15:124–13
Kerem, Z., Gopher, A., Lev-Yadun, S., Weinberg, P. & Abbo, S. (2007). Chickpea
domestication in the Neolithic Levant through the nutritional perspective. Journal of
Archaeological Science 34: 1289-1293
Kislev, M. E., Weiss, E. & Hartmann, A. (2004). Impetus for sowing and the beginning
of agriculture: Ground collecting of wild cereals. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences USA 101: 2692-2695
Moore, A. M. T., G. C. Hillman and A. J. Legge 2000. Village on the Euphrates. From
Foraging to Farming at Abu Hureyra. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chapters 14-15
(pp. 475-523)
Nesbitt, M. N. (2004). Can we identify a centre, a region or a supra-region for Near
Eastern plant domestication? Neo-lithics 1: 38-40.
Rosen, Arlene 2007. Civilizing Climate. Social Responses to Climate Change in the
Ancient Near East. Alta Mira Press, Lanham. CH. 6
Willcox, G. 1999. Agrarian change and the beginnings of cultivation in the Near East:
evidence from wild progenitors, experimental cultivation and archaeobotanical data, ,
in The Prehistory of Food. Appetites for Change (C. Gosden and J. Hather eds.), pp.
478-500. London: Routledge. [INST ARCH HA GOS]
Willcox, G. (2005). The distribution, natural habitats and availability of wild cereals in
relation to their domestication in the Near East: multiple events, multiple centres.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 14: 534-541.
Willcox, G., S. Fornite and L. Herveux (2008). Early Holocene cultivation before
domestication in northern Syria. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 17: 313 – 325
Willcox G, Buxo R, Herveux L. 2009. Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene climate
and the beginnings of cultivation in northern Syria. The Holocene 19(1): 151-158
Zeder, M. 2008. Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin:
Origins, diffusion, and impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
105 (33): 11597–11604
Further Readings: Central Asia
 Harris, David R. 2010. Origins of Agriculture in Western Central Asia: An
Environmental-archaeological Study. University of Pennsylvania Press
Further Readings: South Asia
 Fuller, D. Q. 2006. Agricultural Origins and Frontiers in South Asia: A Working
Synthesis. Journal of World Prehistory 20: 1-86
 Fuller, D. Q (2007). Non-human genetics, agricultural origins and historical linguistics
in South Asia. In Petraglia, M. & Allchin, B .(eds.) The Evolution and History of
Human Populations in South Asia. Springer, Netherlands, pp. 393-443.
 Fuller, D. Q (2008) ASIA, SOUTH: Neolithic Cultures. In Encyclopedia of
Archaeology, edited by D. Pearsall. Springer. Pp. 756-768 [online:
doi:10.1016/B978-012373962-9.00211-9 ]
 Fuller, DQ (2011) Finding Plant Domestication in the Indian Subcontinent. Current
Anthropology (supplement 4 for Oct. 2011). Available on-line via: www.jstor.org



Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor and Dorian Q Fuller (2012) Shifting cultivators in South
Asia: Expansion, marginalisation and specialisation over the Long-Term. Quaternary
International 249: 84-95]
Petrie, C. A. and K. Thomas (2012) The topographic and environmental context of the
earliest village sites in western South Asia. Antiquity 86 (334 )1055–1067
Saxena, A., Prasad, V., Singh, I. B., Chauhan, M. S. and Hassan, R. 2006. On the
Holocene record of phytoliths of wild and cultivated rice from Ganga Plain: evidence
for rice-based agriculture. Current Science, 90 (11): 1547-1552
Further readings: East Asia
 Fuller, Dorian Q & Qin, Ling (2009) Water management and labour in the origins and
dispersal of Asian rice. World Archaeology 41(1): 88-111
 Fuller, Dorian Q, Ling Qin, Yunfei Zheng, Zhijun Zhao, Xugao Chen, Leo Aoi
Hosoya, and Guo-ping Sun (2009) The Domestication Process and Domestication Rate
in Rice: Spikelet bases from the Lower Yangtze. Science 323: 1607-1610
 Fuller DQ, Sato YI, Castillo C, Qin L, Weisskopf AR, Kingwell-Banham EJ, Song J,
Ahn SM, van Etten J. 2010a. Consilience of genetics and archaeobotany in the
entangled history of rice. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 2, 115-131
 Liu, Xinyi, H. Hunt and M. K. Jones (2009) River valleys and foothills: changing
archaeological perceptions of North China's earliest farms. 83 (no. 319): 82–95
 Lu, Houyuan et al. (2009) Earliest domestication of common millet (Panicum
miliaceum) in East Asia extended to 10,000 years ago. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences (USA) [PNAS] vol. 106 no. 18 7367-7372
 Barton, L. et al. (2009) Agricultural origins and the isotopic identity of domestication
in northern China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) [PNAS]
vol. 106 no. 14: 5523-5528
 Bettinger, R. L., L. Barton, P. J. Richerson, R. Boyd, H. Wang and W. Choi (2007) The
transition to agriculture in northwestern China: Implications from the Last Glacial
Maximum. In Madsen, D. B., Chen, Fa-Hu and Gao, Xing (eds.) Late Quaternary
Climate Change and Human Adaptation in Arid China. Amsetrdam: Elsevier. Pp.
83-103
 Crawford, G. W. & Shen, C. 1998. The origins of rice agriculture: recent progress in
East Asia. Antiquity 72: 858-866
 Fuller, D. Q., Emma Harvey and Ling Qin (2007) Presumed domestication? Evidence
for wild rice cultivation and domestication in the fifth millennium BC of the Lower
Yangtze region. Antiquity 81: 316-33
 Fuller, D. Q and Ling Qin (2008) Immature rice and its archaeobotanical recognition: a
reply to Pan. Antiquity Vol 82 (316). On-line project gallery
 Lee, G.-A., Crawford, G. A., Liu, L. and Chan, X. 2007. Plants and People from the
early Neolithic to Shang periods in North China. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences (USA), 104: 1087-1092.
 LIU, L., G.-A. LEE, L. JIANG & J. ZHANG. 2007. Evidence for the early beginning
(c. 9000 cal BP) of rice domestication in China: a response. The Holocene 17: 1059-68.
 Lu, T. L. D. 2006. The Occurrence of Cereal Cultivation in China. Asian Perspectives,
45: 129-158.
 Sweeney, M. T. & McCouch, S. R. (2007). The Complex History of the Domestication
of Rice Annals of Botany 100: 951-957
 VAUGHAN, D.A., B.-R. LU & N. TOMOOKA. 2008. The evolving story of rice
evolution. Plant Science 174: 394-408.
 Yasuda, Y., and J. F. W. Negendank. 2003. Environmental variability in East and West
Eurasia. Quaternary International, 105:1-6.
 Sagart, L., R. Blench, and A. Sanchez-Mazas (eds.) 2005. The Peopling of East Asia:
Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics. Routledge, London
 Yuan, J., R. Flad, Y. Luo 2008. Meat-acquisition patterns in the Neolithic Yangzi
Valley, China. Antiquity 82 (316): 351-360
Further readings: Africa
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Haaland, Randi (2007) Porridge and Pot, Bread and Oven: Food ways and symbolism
in African and the Near East from the Neolithic to the Present, Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 17(2): 165-182
Marshall, F. and Hildebrand, E. (2002). Cattle before crops: the beginnings of food
production in Africa. Journal of World Prehistory 16: 99-143
D'Andrea, A. C., Klee, M. & Casey, J.. 2001. Archaeobotanical evidence for pearl
millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in sub-Saharan West Africa. Antiquity 75: 341-348.
D'Andrea, A. C., Kahlheber, S. Logan, A. L. & Watson, D. J. (2007). Early
domesticated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) from Central Ghana. Antiquity 81: 686-698
D’Andrea, A. C. (2008) T’ef ( Eragrostis tef ) in Ancient Agricultural Systems of
Highland Ethiopia. Economic Botany 62 (4): 547-566
Fuller, D. Q. (2007a) Contrasting patterns in crop domestication and domestication
rates: recent archaeobotanical insights from the Old World. Annals of Botany 100(5):
903-924
Fuller, D. Q., K. Macdonald & R. Vernet (2007b) Early domesticated pearl millet in
Dhar Nema (Mauritania): evidence of crop-processing waste as ceramic temper. In R.
T. J. Cappers (ed.) Fields of Change. Progress in African Archaeobotany, Grongingen
Archaeological Studies 5. Barkhuis Publishing, Groningen, pp. 71-76
Manning, Katie, Ruth Pelling, Tom Higham, Jean-Luc Schwenniger and Dorian Q
Fuller (2011) 4500-year old domesticated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) from the
Tilemsi Valley, Mali: new insights into an alternative cereal domestication pathway.
Journal of Archaeological Science 38 (2): 312-322
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.09.007
Hildebrand, E.A. (2007a). A tale of two tuber crops: how attributes of enset and yams
may have shaped prehistoric human-plant interactions in southwest Ethiopia. In T.
Denham, L. Vrydaghs and J. Iriarte (eds), Rethinking Agriculture. Archaeological and
Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 273-298.
Hildebrand, E.A. (2009). The utility of ethnobiology in agricultural origins research:
examples from southwest Ethiopia. Current Anthropology, 50: 693-697.
Kahlheber, S., and Neumann, K. (2007). The development of plant cultivation in
semi-arid West Africa. In T. Denham, L. Vrydaghs and J. Iriarte (eds), Rethinking
Agriculture. Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives. Walnut Creek:
Left Coast Press, 320-346
North America
 Smith, Bruce D. (1992) Rivers of change: essays on early agriculture in eastern North
America. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press
 Smith, Bruce D. 1995. The Emergence of Agriculture. New York: Scientific American
Library. 7-8 (New World). [Inst Arch HA SMI]
 Smith, B. D. (2006) Eastern North America as an independent center of plant
domestication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103:
12223-12228
 Smith, B. D. and R. Yarnell (2009). Initial formation of an indigenous crop complex in
eastern North America at 3800 B.P. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
USA 106 no. 16: 6561-6566
 Gremillion, K. J. 1993. Crop and weed in prehistoric Eastern North America: The
Chenopodium example, American Antiquity 58(3): 469-509 [Teaching Collection
2254
 Cowan, C. W. 1997. Evolutionary changes associated with the domestication of
Curcurbita pepo. Evidence from eastern Kentucky, in in People, Plants and
Landscapes. Studies in Paleoethnobotany (K. J. Gremillion ed.). Tuscaloosa:
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University of Alabama Press. Pp. 63-85 [[INST ARCH BB 5 GRE, 3 hr. res.]
Yarnell, R. A. 1978. Domestication of sunflower and sumpweed in Eastern North
America, in The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany (R. I. Ford ed.). Anthropological
Papers, Museum of anthropology, University of Michigan pp. 289-299 [INST ARCH
BB 5 FOR]
Cowan, C. W. 1978. The prehistoric use and distribution of maygrass in Eastern North
America: Cultural and Phytogeographical Implications, in The Nature and Status of
Ethnobotany (R. I. Ford ed.). Anthropological Papers, Museum of anthropology,
University of Michigan pp. 263-288 [INST ARCH BB 5 FOR]
Asch, D. L. and N. B. Asch 1978. The Economic Potential of Iva annua and its
prehistoric importance in the Lower Illinois Valley, in The Nature and Status of
Ethnobotany (R. I. Ford ed.). Anthropological Papers, Museum of anthropology,
University of Michigan pp. 301-341 [INST ARCH BB 5 FOR]
Wagner, Gail 1994. Corn in the Eastern Woodlands Late Prehistory, in Corn and
Culture in the Prehistoric New World (S. Johannesen and C. A. Hastorf eds.). San
Francisco: Westview. pp. 335-346
Mesoamerica
 Benz, B. F. and Austin Long 2000. Prehistoric Maize Evolution in the Tehuacan
Valley, Current Anthropology 41(3): 459-464 [Teaching Collection 2261;
ANTHRPOLOGY PERS]
 MacNeish, Richard and M. W. Eubanks 2000. Comparative analysis of the Rio Balsas
and Tehuacan Models for the Origin of Maize, Latin American Antiquity 11(1): 3-20
[Teaching Collection 2268; INST ARCH PERS]
 Heiser, C. B. (2008) The domesticated sunflower in old Mexico? Genetic Resources
and Crop Evolution 45: 447-449
 Piperno & Pearsall 1998 Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotopics. Academic
Press, New York
 Smith, Bruce D. 1995. The Emergence of Agriculture. New York: Scientific American
Library. Chapters 7-8 (New World). [Inst Arch HA SMI]
 Smith, Bruce D. 2001. Documenting plant domestication: The consilience of biological
and archaeological approaches, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
98(4): 1324-1326 [Teaching Collection; this article can be downloaded through the
UCL network from http://www.pnas.org/all.shtml]
Also see the articles on which Smith is commenting in the same journal issue:
 Piperno, D. R. and K. V. Flannery 2001. The earliest archaeological maize (Zea mays
L.) from highland Mexico: New accelerator mass spectrometry dates and their
implications, PNAS 98: 2101-3 [SCIENCE PERS; this article can be downloaded
through the UCL network from http://www.pnas.org/all.shtml]
 Benz, Bruce F. 2001. Archaeological evidence of teosinte domestication from Guila
Naquitz, Oaxaca PNAS 98: 2104-2106 [SCIENCE PERS; this article can be
downloaded through the UCL network from http://www.pnas.org/all.shtml]
 Smalley, John and Michael Blake 2003. Sweet beginnings. Stalk sugar and the
domestication of maize, Current Anthropology 44(5): 675-703 [available online
through the college network from
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CA/journal/contents/v44n5.html
 Webster, David L. 2011. Backward bottlenecks. Ancient teosinte/maize selection.
Current Anthropology 52: 77-104
 Kwak, M., J. A. Kami and Paul Gepts (2009) The Putative Mesoamerican
Domestication Center of Phaseolus vulgaris Is Located in the Lerma–Santiago Basin
of Mexico. Crop Science 49: 554-563
 Piperno, Dolores, A. J. Ranere, I. Holst, J. Iriarte, R. Dickau (2009) Starch grain and
phytolith evidence for early ninth millennium B.P. maize from the Central Balsas
River Valley, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA vol. 106
no. 13: 5019-5024
South America
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Hastorf, C. A. 1999. Cultural implications of crop introductions in Andean prehistory,
in The Prehistory of Food. Appetites for Change (C. Gosden and J. Hather eds.), pp.
35-58 [INST ARCH HA GOS]
Brothwell, Don. 1983. Why on Earth the Guinea Pig? The problem of restricted
mammal exploitation in the New World, in Site, Environment and Economy (B.
Proudfoot ed.) BAR International 173. Pp. 115-119 [INST ARCH BB 6 Qto PRO]
Piperno & Pearsall 1998 Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotopics. Academic
Press, New York
Shimada, M. and I. Shimada 1985. Prehistoric Llama breeding and herding on the
North Coast of Peru, American Antiquity 50: 3-26 [Teaching collection 2262]
Pearsall, D. M. 1994. Issues in the Analysis and Interpretation of Archaeological Maize
in South America, in in Corn and Culture in the Prehistoric New World (S. Johannesen
and C. A. Hastorf eds.). San Francisco: Westview. Pp. 245-272 [Teaching collection
2264]
Smith, Bruce D. 1995. The Emergence of Agriculture. New York: Scientific American
Library. Chapters 7-8 (New World). [Inst Arch HA SMI]
Dillehay, Tom D., Jack Rossen, Thomas C. Andres, David E. Williams (2007)
Preceramic Adoption of Peanut, Squash, and Cotton in Northern Peru. Science Vol.
316. no. 5833, pp. 1890 – 189
Piperno, D. and T. D. Dillehay (2008). Starch grains on human teeth reveal early broad
crop diet in northern Peru. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA vol.
105 no. 50 19622-19627
5. 10 Feb. Reconstructing Agricultural Systems.
Further readings:
 Bogaard, A. M. Charles, G. Jones 2005. The impact of crop processing on the
reconstruction of crop sowing time and cultivation intensity from archaeobotanical
weed evidence. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 14(4): 505-509
 Kirch, P. V. 1994. The Wet and the Dry. Irrigation and Agricultural Intensification in
Polynesia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chap. 1, pp. 1-24 [summarizes
debates and definitions of ‘intensifiocation’] INST ARCH DDB KIR; Teaching
collection
 Morrison, K. 1994. Intensification of Production: Archaeological Approaches, Journal
of Archaeological Method and Theory 1: 111-159
 Stone, G. D. 1993. Agricultural abandonment: a comparative study in historical
ecology, in Abandonment of settlements and regions. Ethnoarchaeological and
archaeological approaches (C. M. Cameron and S. A. Tomka eds.), pp. 74-81.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [INST ARCH BD CAM; issue desk: IOA
CAM 5]
 Butler, Ann 1999. Traditional seed cropping systems in the temperate Old World:
models for antiquity, in The Prehistory of Food. Appetites for Change (C. Gosden and
J. Hather eds.), pp. 463-477. London: Routledge.
 Van der Veen Marike 1992. Crop Husbandry Regimes. Sheffield Monographs in
Archaeology: J. R. Collis. Chap. 8-11, pp. 91-157 [INST ARCH DAA 100 VAN 1
week loan]
 Bogaard, A. (2004) Neolithic Farming in Central Europe: An Archaeobotanical Study
of Crop Husbandry Practices C5500-2200 BC. Routledge, London.
 Jones, G. E. M. and P. Halstead 1995. Maslins, Mixtures and Monocrops: on the
Interpretation of Archaeobotanical Crop Samples of Heterogenous Composition,
Journal of Archaeological Science 22: 103-114 [INST ARCH PERS; this article can be

downloaded through the UCL network from http:/www.idealibrary.com/]
Jones, G. A. Bogaard, M. Charles, J. G. Hodgson 2000. Distinguishing the Effects of
Agricultural Practices Relating to Fertility and Disturbance: a Functional Ecological
Approach in Archaeobotany Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 27, No. 11, Nov
2000, pp. 1073-1084 [INST ARCH PERS; this article may be downloaded through the
UCL network from http:/www.idealibrary.com/]
6. 24 Feb. Crop-Processing, archaeobotanical formation processes, and social inferences.
Further reading on contamination:
 Borojevic, K. (2011) Interpreting, dating, and reevaluating the botanical assemblage
from tell Kedesh: a case study of historical contamination. Journal of Archaeological
Science 38: 829-842
Further reading on carbonization:
 Boardman, S. and Jones, G. 1990. Experiments on the effects of charring on cereal
plant components. Journal of Archaeological Science 17, 1-11.
 Braadbaart, Freek, 2008, Carbonisation and morphological changes in modern
dehusked and husked Triticum dicoccum and Triticum aestivum grains, Vegetation
History and Archaeobotany 17(1):155-166.
 Hubbard, R. N. L. B. and al Azm, A. 1990. Quantifying preservation and distortion in
carbonised seeds. Journal of Archaeological Science 17, 103-106.
Further readings on crop processing:
 Hillman, G. C. 1981. Reconstructing Crop Husbandry Practices from Charred Remains
of Crops, in Farming Practice in British Prehistory (R. Mercer ed.), pp. 123-161.
Edinburgh: University Press.
 Hillman (1984) Interpretation of archaeological plant remains: The appilication of
ethnographic model from turkey, in Plants and ancient man: studies in
palaeoethnobotany (W. van Zeist and W. Casparie eds.), pp. 1-41. Rotterdam:
Balkema [INST ARCH BB 5 VAN; with 1 copy at issue desk]
 Jones, G. E.M. 1987. Astatistical approach to the archaeological identification of crop
processing, Journal of Archaeological Science 14: 311-323
 Hubbard, RNLB and AJ Clapham 1992. Quantifying macroscopic plant remains
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Volume 73: 117–132
 Reddy, Seetha N. 1997. If the threshing floor could talk: integration of agriculture and
pastoralism during the Late Harappan in Gujarat, India, Journal of Anthropological
Archaeology 16: 162-187 [INST ARCH PERS; also available on-line]
 Van der Veen, Marijke and Glynis Jones, 2006, A re-analysis of agricultural
production and consumption: implications for understanding the British Iron Age,
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 15: 217–228.
 D’Andrea, C. & al. 1999. Ethnoarchaeological approaches to the study of prehistoric
agriculture in the highlands of Ethiopia. In Van Der Veen, M. (ed). The Exploitation of
Plant Resources in Ancient Africa. Kluwer/Plenum Pp. 101-122
Further readings on Dung burning
 Miller, N. and T. L. Smart 1984. Intentional burning of dung as fuel: a mechanism for
the incorporation of charred seeds into the archaeological record, Journal of
Ethnobiology 4: 15-28 [INST ARCH PERS]
 Miller, Naomi F. Seed eaters of the ancient Near East: Human or Herbivore?, Current
Anthropology 37(3): 521-528
 Hillman, G. C., A. J. Legge and P. A. Rowley-Conwy 1997. On the charred seeds from
Epipalaeolithic Abu Hureyra, Current Anthropology 38(4): 651-655
 Miller, N. F. 1997. Reply to Hillman et al., Current Anthropology 38(4): 655-659
[ANTHROPOLOGY PERS; these may be downloaded through the UCL network from
http:/uk.jstor.org/]
Charles, Michael 1998. Fodder from Dung: the Recognition and Interpretation of
Dung-Derived Plant Material from Archaeological Sites, Environmental Archaeology
1: 111-122 [INST ARCH PERS]
 Akeret, Ö., Haas, J. N., Leuzinger, U. and Jacomet, S. 1999. Plant macrofossils and
pollen in goat/sheep faeces from the Neolithic lakeshore settlement Arbon Bleiche 3,
Switzerland. The Holocene 9, 175-182.
 Van der Veen, M. 1999. The economic value of chaff and straw in arid and temperate
zones. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 8: 211-224.

7. 3 March. Reconstructing environments.
Further Readings:
 Watts, W. A. 1978. Plant macrofossils and quaternary paleoecology, in Biology and
Quaternary Environments (D. Walker and J. Guppy eds.). Australian Academy of
Science: pp. 53-67. [Teachcing collection 1348; Science GEOLOGY G 90 BIO]
 Behre, K.-H. 1988. The role of man in European vegetation history, in Vegetation
History (B. Huntly and T. Webb III, eds.), pp. 633-672: Kluwer [Teaching Collection
72]
 Clapham, A., T. Clave and T. Wilkinson 1997. A plant macrofossil investigation of a
submerged forest, in Archaeological Sciences 1995, Oxbow Monograph 64. (A.
Sinclair, E. Slater and J. Gowlett eds.), pp. 265-270. Oxford: Oxbow Books [Teaching
collection; Issue Desk: INST ARCH AJ Qto ARC]
 Smart, T. and E. Hoffman 1988. Environmental interpretation of Archaeological
Charcoal, in Current Paleoethnobotany (C. Hastrof and V. Popper eds.). Chicago:
University of Chicago Press: Pp. 167-205 [Teaching Collection 2300]
 Cappers, R. 1995. A palaeoecological model for the interpretation of wild plant
species, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 4: 249-257
 C. Zutter 1999. Congruence and Concordance in Archaeobotany: Assessing Microand Macro-botanical Data sets from Icelandic Middens, Journal of Archaeological
Science 26: 833-844
8. 10 March. Food Processing, nutrition and post-harvest intensification
Further Reading:
 Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences vol. 3(1). Special Issue
 Stahl, A. B. 1989. Plant-Food Processing: Implications for Dietary Quality, in
Foraging and Farming (D. R. Harris and G. C. Hillman eds.), pp. 171-194. London:
Unwin Hyman [INST ARCH HA HAR; issue desk: IOA HAR 6]
 Wollstonecroft, M., P. R. Ellis, G. C. Hillman, and D. Q Fuller (2008) Advances in
plant food processing in the Near Eastern Epipalaeolithic and implications for
improved edibility and nutrient bioaccessibility: an experimental assessment
of Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla (sea club-rush). Vegetation History and
Archaeobotany DOI 10.1007/s00334-008-0162-x
 Wright, K. I. 1994. Ground-stone tools and hunter-gatherer subsistence in Southwest
Asia: Implications for the transition to farming, American Antiquity 59(2): 238-263
[many of you will have already read this in Past Societies, B220]
 Wrangham, Richard (2010) Catching Fire. How Cooking Made Us human.
Recommended further reading on tubers
 Hather. Jon. 2000. Archaeoological Parenchyma. Archetype Press, London.
Especially Chaps. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7. This chapters are all quite short and heavily
illustrated. [INST ARCH BB 51 Qto HAT ]
9. 17 Mar. Direct Indicators of Diet: From Palaeofaeces in Isotopes.
Further reading:
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Hastorf, C. A. and M. J. DeNiro 1985. Reconstruction of prehistoric plant production
and cooking practices by a new isotopic method, Nature 315: 489-491 [Teaching
collection
White, Christine D. and Henry P. Schwarcz 1994. “Temporal Trends in Stable Isotopes
for Nubian Mummy Tissues” in American Journal of Physical Anthropology 93:
165-187
Richards, M.P., Schulting, R.J. & Hedges, R.E.M. 2003. Sharp shift in diet at onset of
Neolithic. Nature 425, 366.
Milner, N., Craig, O.E., Bailey, G.N., Pedersen, K. & Andersen, S.H. 2004.
Something fishy in the Neolithic? A re-evaluation of stable isotope analysis of
Mesolithic and Neolithic coastal populations. Antiquity, 78: 9-22
Lidén, K., Eriksson, G., Nordqvist, B., Götherström, A., & Bendixen, E. 2004. “The
wet and the wild followed by the dry and the tame” – or did they occur at the same
time? Diet in Mesolithic-Neolithic southern Sweden. Antiquity, 78: 23-33
Hedges, R.E.M. 2004. Isotopes and red herrings: comments on Milner et al. and
Lidén et al. Antiquity, 78: 34-37.
10. 24 Mar. Course Integration and Review: From Human Ecology to Culinary
Archaeology
Further Reading
 Scarry, C. Margaret and Vincas P. Steponaitis 1997. Between Farmsetad and Center:
The Natural and Social Landscape of Moundville, in People, Plants, and Landscapes.
Studies in Paleoethnobotany (K. J. Gremillion ed.), pp. 107-122. Tuscaloosa:
University of Alabama Press. [Issue Desk: IOA Gre 5]
 Skoglund, P. 1999. Diet, Cooking and Cosmology. Interpreting the Evidence of Bronze
Age Plant Macrofossils, Current Swedish Archaeology 7: 149-160 [Teaching
collection; INST ARCH PERS]
 Gummerman, G. IV. 1997. Food and Complex Societies, Journal of Archaeological
Method and Theory 4(2): 105-139
 Dietler, M. 1996. Feasts and Commensal Politics in the Political Economy: Food,
Power, and Status in Prehistoric Europe, in Food and the Status Quest. An
interdisciplinary Perspective (P. Wiessner and W. Shiefenhovel eds.), pp.87-126.
Oxford: Berghahn Books
 Hayden, B. 1996. Feasting in Prehistoric and Traditional Societies, in Food and the
Status Quest. An interdisciplinary Perspective (P. Wiessner and W. Shiefenhovel eds.),
pp.127-148. Oxford: Berghahn Books
 Fuller, D. Q (2005). Ceramics, seeds and culinary change in prehistoric India.
Antiquity 79 (306): 761-777
Rosen, A. 2007. Civilizing Climate. Alta Mira Pr