UCL-INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY
ARCLG196
THE LATE BRONZE AGE AEGEAN
2014-15: Term I
MA Option Module (15 credits)
Co-ordinator: Todd Whitelaw
t.whitelaw@ucl.ac.uk
Office 207, Institute of Archaeology. Tel 020 7679 7534
Office hours: stop-in if door is open,
or e-mail to arrange an appointment.
Seminars: Fridays 14:00-16:00 (Room B13).
1. Overview
Introductory information
This handbook contains information about the content and administration of this course. If
you have queries about the organisation, objectives, structure, content or assessment of
the course, please consult the Course Co-ordinator.
Further important information, relating to all courses at the Institute of Archaeology, can be
found on the IoA website, in the general MA/MSc handbook, and in your degree handbook.
It is your responsibility to read and act on this information. This includes information about
originality, submission and grading of coursework, disabilities, communication, attendance
and feedback, not duplicated here.
Short description
This course provides thematic coverage of the Late Bronze Age Aegean, c. 1700-1100 BC,
set within a broadly chronological framework. Following an introduction to Neopalatial Crete,
it explores developments on the periphery of Crete, in the ‘minoanised’ Aegean islands and
during the Shaft Grave period on the Greek mainland. The focus then shifts to the
emergence and dynamics of Mycenaean palatial polities, whose societies, economies and
politics are examined both through their material culture and deciphered Linear B texts. The
final section of this course looks at interaction within the Aegean and between it and the
wider Mediterranean world, the collapse and transformation of Aegean societies at the end
of the Bronze Age and the generation of Homeric epic. Drawing on a wealth of
archaeological data, and set within a theoretically informed, problem-oriented framework,
the course introduces students to a range of interpretations, debates and avenues for
research. It locates the Aegean relative to contemporary Mediterranean and Near Eastern
societies, and so generates a link between traditionally separate fields.
Week-by-week summary
Week Date
Session Subject
1
03/10 1
Introduction, frameworks, and Neopalatial Crete.
2
10/10 2
Minoanisation and the southern Aegean.
3
17/10
No seminar.
4
24/10 3
The mainland transformed: Middle Helladic and early Mycenaean
Greece.
5
31/11 4
Two ‘catastrophes’: the Theran eruption and the end of Neopalatial
Crete.
6
Reading Week (please note re-scheduled session, and British Museum activities).
06/11 5
Final palatial and Post-palatial Crete.
07/11
Object seminar in British Museum.
7
14/11 6
Palaces, burials, status and power in the Mycenaean palatial period.
8
21/11 7
Archaeology and Linear B: Mycenaean economies and religion.
9
28/11 8
The Mycenaean Aegean and its neighbours.
10
05/12 9
Late Bronze Age Aegean trade in the east and central Mediterranean.
1
11
12/12
10 The end of the Bronze Age: collapse, transformation and the relevance
of epic.
Basic texts
Warren, P.M. 1989. The Aegean Civilisations (revised edition; short book-length
introduction). Issue desk WAR; DAG 10 Qto WAR; YATES Qto A 22 WAR
Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age (long the standard textbook, organised
by themes rather than periods). IoA Issue Desk DIC; DAE 100 DIC.
Fitton, J.L. 2002. Minoans. London: British Museum. DAG 14 FIT.
Bennet, J. 2014. A Short History of the Minoans. London: I.B. Tauris On order.
Schofield, L. 2007. The Mycenaeans. London: British Museum. DAE 100 SCH.
Cline, E. (ed.) 2010. The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC).
Oxford: OUP. ISSUE DESK IoA CLI 2
Shelmerdine, C. (ed.) 2008. The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age.
Cambridge: CUP. ISSUE DESK IoA SHE 16; DAG 100 SHE
Bintliff, J.L. 2012. The Complete Archaeology of Greece. From hunter-gatherers to the
20th century A.D. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. DAE 100 BIN. An overview of the broader
chrconological context.
Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames and Hudson. The
wider Mediterranean chronological and geographical context.
Methods of assessment
This course is assessed by 4,000 words of coursework, divided into (i) a 1,000 word written
version of an oral presentation to the group on an object selected by you (subject to
approval) from the British Museum collections (contributing 25% of the course mark), and
(ii) a 3,000 word essay (contributing 75% of the course mark). If students are unclear
about the nature of an assignment, they should contact the Course Co-ordinator.
Written version of oral presentation: Friday 28 November 2014.
Essay:
Friday 6 February 2015.
Teaching methods
The course is taught as a series of 10 weekly seminars in Term 1 (Fridays 2-4pm, Room
B13), to discuss and debate the subject defined for that week. Seminars have weekly
required readings, which students will be expected to have read to be able fully to follow
and actively to contribute to the discussion. There will also be an object presentation in the
British Museum in association with the first piece of assessed coursework, and an additional
optional British Museum visit to view the Aegean material in the galleries.
Workload
There will be 20 hours of seminars for this course, plus the British Museum presentation (c.
3-5 hours depending on the size of the group). Students will be expected to undertake
around 80 hours of reading for the course, plus 45 hours preparing for and producing the
assessed work. This adds up to a total workload of some 150 hours for the course.
Prerequisites
This course does not have a formal prerequisite. However, students should ideally have
some familiarity with Aegean prehistory through previous study, to ensure that they have
the background to get the most out of the Masters level seminars. There is no good
textbook which covers the material for this course, but anyone needing to brush-up could
usefully consult the on-line resource produced by Jerry Rutter at Dartmouth College
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2 Aims, objectives and assessment
Aims
• To provide advanced, well-rounded, inter-disciplinary training in the archaeology of the
later prehistoric Aegean.
• To instruct students in critical evaluation of current research (problems, methods and
theory, the quality of evidence and substantive results).
• To familiarise students with major elements and examples of Aegean material culture
relevant to the period, and analytical and interpretive approaches to them.
• To introduce students to important current research projects.
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• To prepare students to undertake original research in Aegean prehistoric archaeology.
Objectives
On successful completion of this course a student should:
• Have a solid overview of major developments and interpretive perspectives in Aegean
prehistory, with greater in-depth knowledge of topics on which coursework has been
written, and a general understanding of how the Aegean region fits into a wider
Mediterranean and European context.
• Understand the main interpretive paradigms that have dominated the field, as well as
their strengths and weaknesses, enabling assessment and criticism of the structure or
rationale of arguments and interpretations in the literature.
• Recognise a broad range of the material culture from the period, and understand its
cultural significance as well as its interpretive potential.
• Be able to explore data from the prehistoric Aegean using a wide range of theoretical
approaches current in archaeology.
Learning outcomes
On completion of the course, students will have enhanced their skills in critical reading and
reflection, be aware of how to evaluate alternative interpretations, developed their skills in
applying ideas and methods to bodies of data, become proficient in combining information
and ideas from different sources, improved their peer-debating skills, and honed their ability
to express arguments clearly in written form. They will have gained the background
required to define and pursue original research in Aegean prehistory.
Assessment tasks
This course is assessed by a total of 4,000 words of coursework. This is divided into (i) a
1,000-word written version of an oral presentation to the group (plus the Course
Coordinator and Andrew Shapland, Curator of the Aegean Bronze Age collections at the
Department of Greek and Roman Antiquties) on an object selected by each student (subject
to approval) from the British Museum collections (25%), and (ii) a 3,000-word essay
(75%). Together these comprise 100% of the mark awarded for the course. Topics and
specific titles for the essays are defined by each student to suit their individual interests, in
consultation with (and with the approval of) the Course Co-ordinator, who will give guidance
to ensure that the question is answerable, that it is neither too narrow nor too broad, and
that it is being approached in an effective way. He can also advise on relevant readings
from the seminar lists, plus additional reading that may be appropriate. If students are
unclear about the nature of an assignment, they should contact the Course Co-ordinator.
Coursework content
Like almost any satisfactory piece of academic writing, your essays should present an
argument supported by evidence and analysis. Typically your analysis will include a critical
evaluation (not simply summary or description) of the principal or most relevant previous
ideas and arguments, and develop your own reasoned argument, supporting, critiquing, or
combining elements of earlier scholarship, or developing a new perspective or synthesis.
Some specific guidelines on academic essay writing will be circulated closer to the essay
submission date, but two points relevant to all MA essay writing deserve emphasis. First,
express your arguments in your own words; your essay is meant to demonstrate your
understanding of an issue. Some essays are essentially just a string of quotations
illustrating what others have said, but demonstrate no critical assessment of their claims, or
clear understanding of the issues. These simply demonstrate that you have read those
sources, not that you understand them. Use a range of sources to engage with different
perspectives on a topic, and you will have something to critically assess and adjudicate
between, or even pick and choose points from, and synthesise your own perspective.
Second, do not rely on web sources. There is no vetting system on the web (unlike
academic publications), so anyone can publish whatever nonsense they wish; unfortunately
Aegean Prehistory attracts a lot of this. You should be extremely cautious about relying on
information from websites, and should not, normally, use them as sources for academic
essays. The reliable information in them has almost invariably come from some other
source, and if they are academically reputable sites, they should be properly referenced, so
you can chase ideas back to the original source. The exceptions are official fieldwork project
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websites, which may contain information not otherwise published. If you feel information
from a website is essential and you cannot track it back to an original published source, ask
the Course Co-ordinator whether it is reputable, before relying on it.
If students are unclear about the nature of an assignment, they should contact the Course
Co-ordinator. The Course Co-ordinator will be willing to discuss an outline of your approach
to an assessment, provided this is planned suitably in advance of the submission date.
Students are not permitted to re-write and re-submit essays in order to try to improve their
marks.
Coursework production and submission
General policies and procedures concerning courses and coursework, including submission
procedures, assessment criteria, and general resources, are available in your Degree
Handbook and on the following website: http://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/archadmin. It is
essential that you read and comply with these. Note that some of the policies and
procedures will be different depending on your status (e.g. undergraduate, postgraduate
taught, affiliate, graduate diploma, intercollegiate, interdepartmental). If in doubt, please
consult the course co-ordinator.
For this course, please do not use fancy fonts or, for the text, a font size less than 11 point,
and use 1.5 line spacing to allow the marker space to make comments on the text. A
smaller font size (8-10) and 1.0 line height may be used for the bibliography, as long as it is
still readable (to reduce printing costs), and two-sided printing is welcome (to save costs
and trees). Please leave at least 1 inch/2.5 cm margins to allow room for comments. There
is no need to use a separate title page for essays (why pay for the extra page), and please
do not use plastic folders, covers, etc. (I just have to take them off to read it). Illustrations
should be included where relevant to or clarifying an argument, but generic illustrations are
not necessary; the assessor can be assumed to be familiar with general site plans, views,
material culture, etc. Illustrations should be referred to where relevant in the text, and the
original source referenced fully in the caption.
For this course, for Friday submissions, ensure your essay has been submitted to Turnitin
by midnight on the specified due date. You can submit the hard copy on the following
Monday. If (and only if) you have a last-minute problem submitting your essay to Turnitin,
contact the Turnitin adviser for help, but also e-mail a copy of your final version to the
Course Co-ordinator, to ensure it is registered as submitted on time.
If any procedures or details are not clear, please discuss these with the Course Coordinator.
The Turnitin 'Class ID' for this course is 783700 and the 'Class Enrolment Password' is
IoA1415.
To accord with UCL regulations on anonymous marking, all coursework cover-sheets must
be identified with student Candidate Numbers only, not names. This is a 5 digit
alphanumeric code and can be found on Portico; it is different from the Student Number/ID.
The filenames for all assessed work submitted through ‘Turnitin’, should include the
student’s candidate number, not name (e.g. YBPR6 _G196_Assessment_1). Please do this,
as otherwise it is difficult to match hard-copy of your essay with the Turnitin version online.
3 Schedule and syllabus
Teaching schedule
The following session-by-session outline identifies the essential and a wider range of
additional readings relevant to each topic. The essential readings are necessary to keep up
with the topics covered in the seminars, and it is expected that students will have read
these prior to the relevant session. These have been kept to five readings for each topic
(with difficulty), and the recommended readings are given for students with a particular
interest in the topic. These are intended to allow students to follow their interests, and as
places to begin when researching for essays. The readings for this course are largely
available in the Institute’s own library, with essential readings in the Institute of
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Archaeology Teaching Collection, in books held at the Library Issue Desk, journals available
on-line, or pdfs on the Moodle site. Works not held in the Institute’s library are usually
available in the UCL Main Library (specifically in Ancient History, Classics or Comparative
Philology) and the DMS Watson Science Library. It may also be worth obtaining access to
the library of the Institute of Classical Studies (ICS) in Senate House in Malet Street, a 5minute walk away, for very specialist literature. The reading list indicates where in the UCL
library system the essential reading is available. The location and Teaching Collection (TC)
number, and status (e.g. if on loan) for all UCL holdings can be accessed on the UCL Explore
on-line catalogue. Readings in the Institute of Classical Studies can be located using the
University
of
London
Schools
of
Advanced
Studies
on-line
catalogue:
<http://catalogue.ulrls.lon.ac.uk/search~S7>.
Background: Aegean space, time, context and approaches.
The societies of the Late Bronze Age Aegean have deep roots in earlier developments, in
particular (but not exclusively) those on Minoan Crete. They also developed within a wider
network of urban societies around the eastern Mediterranean. The following readings can
provide some background to these processes, define the geographical and temporal scope
of the course, and clarify terminological and chronological issues.
Sources and frameworks:
Shelmerdine, C. 2008. ‘Background, sources and methods’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The
Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 1-18.
Bennet, J. 2007. ‘The Aegean Bronze Age’. In W. Scheidel, I. Morris and R. Saller (eds) The
Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World, 175-210.
Dickinson, O. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age, Chapter 1 ‘Terminology and chronology’, and
Chapter 2 ‘The natural environment and resources’, 1-29.
Chronology
For anyone unfamiliar with dating techniques, C. Renfrew and P. Bahn’s textbook
Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice has a good summary of key principles.
Maning, S. 2010. Chronology and terminology. In, E. Cline (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of
the Aegean Bronze Age (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford: Oxford University Press:11-28.
Renfrew, C. 1973. Before Civilization: The Radiocarbon Revolution and Prehistoric Europe.
London.
Warren, P. and V. Hankey 1989. Aegean Bronze Age Chronology. Bristol.
Warren, P. 2006. 'The date of the Thera eruption in relation to Aegean-Egyptian
interconnections and the Egyptian historical chronology.' In E. Czerny et al. (eds)
Timelines. Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak, Vol. 2. Leuven:305-21.
Wiener, M. 2007. 'Times change: the current state of the debate in Old World chronology.'
In M. Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the eastern
Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:25-47.
Kitchen, K. 2007. 'Egyptian and related chronologies - look, no science, no pots!' In M.
Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the eastern
Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:163-71.
Manning, S. 2007. 'Clarifying the 'high', v. 'low' Aegean/Cypriot chronology for the mid
second millennium BC: assessing the evidence, interpretive frameworks, and current
state of the debate.' In M. Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations
in the eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:101-37.
Environment and ecology
Barker, G. 2005. 'Agriculture, pastoralism, and Mediterranean landscapes in prehistory.' In
E. Blake and A.B. Knapp (eds) The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory. Malden:4676.
Bintliff, J. 2012. Chapter 1: The dynamic land. In J. Bintliff, The Complete Archaeology of
Greece. From hunter-gatherers to the 20th century. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell:11-27.
Braudel, F. 1972. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II,
Part I. (Much later period but Braudel’s pioneering consideration of topography,
environment and ecology remains of seminal importance.)
Forbes, H. 1992. ‘The ethnoarchaeological approach to Greek agriculture.’ In B. Wells (ed.)
Agriculture in Ancient Greece:87-104.
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Forbes, H.
2007.
Meaning and Identity in a Greek Landscape: an archaeological
ethnography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Grove, A.T. and O. Rackham 2001. The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological
History. (Chapters 1-6, 9-11.)
Halstead, P. 1987. ‘Traditional and ancient rural economy in Mediterranean Europe: plus ça
change?’ Journal of Hellenic Studies 107:77-87.
Halstead, P. 1994. The north-south divide: regional paths to complexity in prehistoric
Greece. In C. Mathers and S. Stoddart (eds) Development and Decline in the
Mediterranean Bronze Age. Sheffield:195-219.
Halstead, P. 2004. 'Life after Mediterranean polyculture: the subsistence subsystem and
the emergence of civilization revisited.' In J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds)
The
Emergence of Civilisation Revisited.
(Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology)
Oxford:189-206.
Halstead, P. 2014. Two Oxen Ahead: pre-mechanised farming in the Mediterranean.
Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.
Halstead, P. and C. Frederick 2000. Landscape and Land Use in Postglacial Greece.
(Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology) Sheffield.
Higgins, M. and R. Higgins 1996. A Geological Companion to Greece and the Aegean.
Horden, P. and N. Purcell 2000. The Corrupting Sea: A Study in Mediterranean History.
(Especially chapters VI, and III-V.)
Osborne, R.G. 1987. Classical Landscape with Figures: The Ancient Greek City and its
Countryside. (Chapters 2-3: later date, but many factors still apply.)
Rackham, O. and J. Moody 1996. The Making of the Cretan Landscape.
Walsh, K. 2014. The Archaeology of Mediterranean landscapes. Human-environment
interaction from the Neolithic to the Roman perod. Cambridge; CUP.
Some wider perspectives and contemporary developments:
Broodbank, C. 2008. ‘The Mediterranean and its hinterland’. In B. Cunliffe, C. Gosden and
R. Joyce (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology, 677-722.
Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames and Hudson. The
wider Mediterranean chronological and geographical context.
Fokkens, H. and A. Harding. (eds.) 2013. The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze
Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harding, A. 2000. European Societies in the Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Liverani, M. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Abingdon:
Routledge.
Van de Mieroop, M. 2007 A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC. Oxford:
Blackwell.
Van de Mieroop, M. 2007. The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramesses II. Oxfrod:
Blackwell.
Byrce, T. 2005. The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Byrce, T. 2002. Life and Society in the Hittite World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bryce, T. 2005. The Trojans and Their Neighbours. London: Routledge.
Bryce, T. 2014. Ancient Syria: a three thousand year history. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Sherratt, A. 1993. ‘What would a Bronze Age world-system look like? Relations between
temperate Europe and the Mediterranean in late prehistory’, Journal of European
Archaeology 1.2:1-58.
Sherratt, A.1995. ‘Reviving the grand narrative: archaeology and long-term change’,
Journal of European Archaeology 3: 1-32.
Contextualising the study of Aegean prehistory:
Barrett, J. and Halstead, P. (eds) 2004. The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited. Oxford.
Cherry, J.F., D. Margomenou and L. Talalay (eds) 2005. Prehistorians Round the Pond:
Reflections on Aegean Prehistory as a Discipline.
Gere, C. 2009. Knossos and the prophets of modernism. Chicago.
Hamilakis, Y. 2002. 'What future for the ‘Minoan’ past? Rethinking Minoan archaeology.'
In Y. Hamilakis (ed.) Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology.
Oxford:
Oxbow Books:2-28.
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Hamilakis, Y. 2007. The nation and its ruins: antiquity, archaeology, and national
imagination in Greece. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hamilakis, Y. and N. Momigliano (eds) 2006.
Archaeology and European Modernity.
Producing and consuming the Minoans. (Creta Antica 7.) Padua.
Kardulias, P.N. 1994. ‘Paradigms of the past in Greek Archaeology’. In P.N. Kardulias (ed.)
Beyond the Site: Regional Studies in the Aegean Area:1-23.
Kotsakis, K. 1991. ‘The powerful past: theoretical trends in Greek archaeology.’ In I.
Hodder (ed.) Archaeological Theory in Europe: The Last Three Decades:65-90.
MacEnroe, J. 1995. ‘Sir Arthur Evans and Edwardian archaeology.’ Classical Bulletin 71:318.
McNeal, R.A. 1972. ‘The Greeks in history and prehistory.’ Antiquity 46:19-28.
McNeal, R.A. 1973. ‘The legacy of Arthur Evans.’ California Studies in Classical Antiquity
6:205-20.
Morris, I. 2000. Archaeology as Cultural History: Chapter 2, 37-76.
Morris, S.P. 1990. ‘Greece and the East.' Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3:57-66.
Papadopoulos, J. 2005. ‘Inventing the Minoans: archaeology, modernity and the quest for
European identity.' Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 18:87-149.
Renfrew, A.C. 1980. ‘The great tradition versus the great divide: archaeology as
anthropology?’ American Journal of Archaeology 84:287-98.
Tartaron, T. 2008. ‘Aegean prehistory as world archaeology: recent trends in the
archaeology of Bronze Age Greece.’ Journal of Archaeological Research 16:83-161.
Seminar 1: 3 October.
Introduction, frameworks and Neopalatial Crete.
This seminar will introduce the course and review administrative details, before considering
Neopalatial period Crete. The latter is the most thoroughly explored phase of Cretan
prehistory, and that to which the majority of the architecture and museum material that is
visible on the island today dates. The data sources available to us will be considered, as
well as the nature of the palace-centred states and the political structure of the island.
Protopalatial Knossos, Phaistos and Mallia are often taken to approximate to a ‘peer polity’
model, of equal, politically independent, yet culturally inter-related states. After the
Neopalatial period, the Linear B tablets reveal that much of the island was controlled from
Knossos. But what of the Neopalatial phase, archaeologically the most prominent on Crete?
Here, opinions are strongly divided. We will consider alternative perspectives, involving
analyses of settlement, architecture and material culture in its regional context, as well as
the evidence for administrative practices.
Essential
Warren, P. 2012. ‘The apogee of Minoan civilization: the final Neopalatial period.’ In E.
Mantzourani and P. Betancourt (eds) Philistor. Studies in Honor of Costis Davaras.
Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press:255-72. IoA DAG 14 Qto MAN.
Adams, E. 2006. ‘Social strategies and spatial dynamics in Neopalatial Crete: an analysis of
the north-central area.’ American Journal of Archaeology 110:1-36. IoA Pers; eJournal.
Schoep, I. 1999. ‘Tablets and territories? Reconstructing Late Minoan IB political geography
through undeciphered documents.’ American Journal of Archaeology 103:201-21. IoA
Pers; eJournal.
Wiener, M. 2007. ‘Neopalatial Knossos: rule and role’. In P. Betancourt, M. Nelson and H.
Williams (eds) Krinoi kai Limenes.
Studies in Honor of Joseph and Maria Shaw.
Philadelphia:231-42. IoA DAE 100 BET.
Whitelaw, T. In press. 'Recognising polities in prehistoric Crete.' In M. Relaki and Y.
Papadatos (eds) From the Foundation to the Legacy of Minoan Society. (Sheffield
Studies in Aegean Archaeology.) Oxford. PDF on course Moodle site.
Recommended
Adams, E. 2004. 'Power and ritual in Neopalatial Crete: a regional comparison.' World
Archaeology 36:26-42.
Adams, E. 2004. 'Power relations in Minoan palatial towns: an analysis of Neopalatial
Knossos and Malia.' Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 17:191-222.
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Adams, E. 2007. ''Time and Chance': Unraveling Temporality in North-Central Neopalatial
Crete.' American Journal of Archaeology 111:391-421.
Adams, E. 2007. 'Approaching monuments in the prehistoric built environment: new light on
the Minoan palaces.' Oxford Journal of Archaeology 26:359-94.
Bennet, J. 1990. 'Knossos in context: comparative perspectives on the Linear B
administration of LM II-III Crete.' American Journal of Archaeology 94:193-211.
Bevan, A. 2010. ‘Political Geography and Palatial Crete.’ Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 23:27-54.
Briault, C. 2007. 'Making mountains out of molehills in the Bronze Age Aegean: visibility,
ritual kits and the idea of a peak sanctuary.' World Archaeology 39:122-41.
Cadogan, G. 1976. Palaces of Minoan Crete. London.
Cherry, J.F. 1986. ‘Polities and palaces.’ in A.C. Renfrew and J.F. Cherry (eds) Peer Polity
Interaction and Socio-political change. Cambridge:19-45.
Christakis, K. 2008. The politics of storage: storage and sociopolitical complexity in
Neopalatial Crete. Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press.
Christakis, K. 2011. 'Redistribution and political economies in Bronze Age Crete.' AJA
115:197-205.
Driessen, J. 2001. 'Centre and periphery: some observations on the administration of the
kingdom of Knossos.' In S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds) Economy and Politics in the
Mycenaean Palace States. (Supplementary Volume 27.) Cambridge:96-111.
Driessen, J. 2008. Daidalos' designs and Ariadne's threads: Minoan towns as places of
interaction. In S. Owen and L. Preston (eds) Inside the City in the Greek World: Studies
of Urbanism from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic Period. (University of Cambridge
Museum of Classical Archaeology Monographs 1) Oxford:41-54.
Driessen, J, I. Schoep and R. Laffineur (eds) Monuments of Minos. Rethinking the Minoan
Palaces. (Aegaeum 23.) Liège.
Goren, Y. and Panagiotopoulos, D. 2009. 'The 'Lords of the Rings': An Analytical Approach
to the Riddle of the 'Knossian Replica Rings'.’ Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
52:257-58.
Hägg, R. (ed.) 1997. The Function of the ‘Minoan villa’. Stockholm. (Especially papers by
Driessen and Sakellarakis, Betancourt and Marinatos, Tsipopoulou and Papacostopoulou.)
Hägg, R. and N. Marinatos (eds) 1981. Sanctuaries and Cults in the Aegean Bronze Age.
Stockholm.
Hägg, R. and N. Marinatos (eds) 1987. The Function of the Minoan Palaces. Stockholm.
(Especially papers by Chrysoulaki and Platon, Moody, Niemeier, and Palyvou.)
Hallager, B.P. and E. Hallager 1995. 'The Knossian Bull - Political Propaganda in NeoPalatial Crete?.' In R. Laffineur and W-D. Niemeier (eds) POLITEIA. Society and State in
the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 12) Liège:II.547-56.
Hallager, E. 1985. The Master Impression (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 69.)
Hamilakis, Y. 2002. ‘Too many chiefs? Factional competition in Neopalatial Crete.’ in J.
Driessen, I. Schoep and R. Laffineur (eds) Monuments of Minos. Rethinking the Minoan
Palaces (Aegaeum 23) Liège:179-99.
Immerwahr, S. 1991. Aegean Painting in the Bronze Age.
Knappett, C. and I. Schoep 2000. 'Continuity and change in Minoan palatial power.'
Antiquity 74:365-71.
Lupack, S. 2010. 'Minoan religion.' In E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age
Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:251-62.
Marinatos, N. 1993. Minoan Religion: Ritual, Image and Symbol.
Marinatos, N. 2010. Minoan kingship and the solar goddess: a Near Eastern koine. Urbana.
McEnroe, J. 2010. Architecture of Minoan Crete: Constructing Identity in the Aegean Bronze
Age. Austin.
Niemeier, W-D. 1994 'Knossos in the New Palace period (MM III - LM IB).' In D. Evely, H.
Hughes-Brock and N. Momigliano (eds) Knossos: A Labyrinth of History. Oxford:71-88.
Peatfield, A.A.D. 1987. ‘Palace and peak: the political and religious relationship between
palaces and peak sanctuaries.’ in R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds) The Function of the
Minoan Palaces. Stockholm:89-93.
Peatfield, A.A.D. 1990. ‘Minoan peak sanctuaries: history and society.’ Opuscula Atheniensa
17:117-31.
Rehak, P. and J.G. Younger 1998. ‘Neopalatial, Final Palatial, and Postpalatial Crete.’
American Journal of Archaeology 102:91-173. [<www>] Reprinted with update, in T.
8
Cullen (ed.) 2001. Aegean Prehistory: A Review (American Journal of Archaeology
Supplement 1.)
Rutkowski, B. 1986. Cult Places of the Aegean.
Schoep, I. 1994. ‘Ritual, politics and script on Minoan Crete.’ Aegean Archaeology 1: 7-25.
Schoep, I. 2001. 'Managing the hinterland: the rural concerns of urban administration.' In
K. Branigan (ed.) Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean
Archaeology 4.) Sheffield:87-102.
Schoep, I. 2002. 'The state of the Minoan palaces or the Minoan palace-state?' In J.
Driessen, I. Schoep and R. Laffineur (eds) Monuments of Minos. Rethinking the Minoan
Palaces. (Aegaeum 23) Liège:15-33.
Schoep, I. 2002. The administration of Neopalatial Crete: a critical assessment of the Linear
A tablets and their role in the administrative process. (Minos Supplement 17).
Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.
Shaw, J. 2003. 'Palatial proportions: a study of the relative proportions between Minoan
palaces and their settlements.' In K. Foster and R. Laffineur (eds) METRON. Measuring
the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 24.) Liège:239-46.
Thomas, H. 2010. 'Cretan Heiroglyphic and Linear A.' In E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook
of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:340-55.
Tsipopoulou, M. 1997. 'Palace-Centered Polities in Eastern Crete: Neopalatial Petras and Its
Neighbors.' In W. Aufrecht, N. Mirau and S. Gauley (eds) Urbanism in Antiquity: From
Mesopotamia to Crete. Sheffield:263-77.
Tsipopoulou, M. 1999. 'From Local Centre to Palace: the Role of Fortification in the
Economic Transformation of the Siteia Bay Area, East Crete.' In R. Laffineur (ed.)
POLEMOS: Le contexte guerrier en Égée á l'âge du Bronze (Aegaeum 19) Liège:179-89.
Tsipopoulou, M. 2002. 'Petras, Siteia: the palace, the town, the hinterland and the
Protopalatial background.' In J. Driessen, I. Schoep and R. Laffineur (eds) Monuments
of Minos. Rethinking the Minoan Palaces. (Aegaeum 23) Liège:133-44.
Tyree, E.L. 2001. 'Diachronic changes in Minoan cave cult.' In R. Laffineur and R. Hägg
(eds) POTNIA. Deities and Religion in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 22) Liège:3950.
Van de Moortel, A. 2002. 'Pottery as a barometer of economic change from the
Protopalatial to the Neopalatial society in central Crete.' In Y. Hamilakis (ed.)
Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology. Oxford:189- 211.
Warren, P.M. 1988. Minoan Religion as Ritual Action. (SIMA-PB 72) Gotenborg.
Warren, P.M. 2004. 'Terra cognita: The territory and boundaries of the early Neopalatial
Knossian state.' In G. Cadogan, E. Hatzaki and A. Vasilakis (eds) Knossos: Palace, City,
State. London:159-68.
Watrous, L.V., et al.
2012.
An archaeological survey of the Gournia landscape.
Philadelphia.
Watrous, L.V., Hadzi-Vallianou, D. and Blitzer, H. 2004. The Plain of Phaistos. Cycles of
complexity in the Mesara region of Crete. Los Angeles.
Weingarten, J. 1987. ‘Seal-use at Late Minoan IB Ayia Triada: a Minoan elite in action. I.
administrative considerations.’ Kadmos 26:1-38.
Weingarten, J. 1990. ‘Three upheavals in Minoan sealing administration: evidence for radical
change.’ in T.G. Palaima (ed.) Aegean Seals, Sealing and Administration (Aegaeum 5)
Liège:106-20.
Weingarten, J. 2010. 'Corridors of Power: A Social Network Analysis of the Minoan 'Replica
Rings'.' In W. Müller (ed.) Die Bedeutung der minoischen und mykenischen Glyptik: VI.
(CMS Beiheft 8.) Mainz am Rhein:395-412. Institute of Classical Studies
Whitelaw, T. 2001. ‘From sites to communities: defining the human dimensions of Minoan
urbanism.’ in K. Branigan (ed.) Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Sheffield Studies in
Aegean Archaeology 4.) Oxford:15-37.
Whitelaw, T. 2004. 'Estimating the population of Neopalatial Knossos.' In G. Cadogan, E.
Hatzaki and A. Vasilakis (eds) Knossos: Palace, City, State. London:147-58.
Younger, J. and Rehak, P. 2008.
'The material culture of Neopalatial Crete.' In C.
Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age.
Cambridge:140-64.
Younger, J. and Rehak, P. 2008.
'Minoan culture: religion, burial customs and
administration.' In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean
Bronze Age. Cambridge:165-85.
9
Seminar 2: 10 October
Minoanisation and the southern Aegean.
In addition to close trading connections, marked Cretan influence is seen during the
Neopalatial period on a range of social, technological and material culture traits in southern
Aegean island communities. This ‘minoanisation’ has been variously explained through the
acculturation of local societies or as indicative of Cretan colonies or rule, perhaps even the
‘thalassocracy’ – political domination from Crete - mentioned in later Greek traditions. In
addition to the well-explored Cycladic instances, new evidence is emerging from the eastern
Aegean as well as Kythera. This seminar explores the diversity of the patterns and variety
of explanatory models.
Essential
Broodbank, C. 2004. ‘Minoanisation’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society
50:46-91. Main: CLASSICS Journals; PDF on course Moodle site.
Davis, J. and E. Gorogianni 2008. ‘Potsherds from the edge: the construction of identities
and the limits of Minoanized areas of the Aegean’. In N. Brodie et al. (eds) Horizon, 33948. IoA TC 3719; IoA DAG 10 BRO
Knappett, C., T. Evans and R. Rivers. 2008. 'Modelling maritime interaction in the Aegean
Bronze Age.' Antiquity 82:1009-24. IoA Pers; eJournals.
Wiener, M. 2013. ‘Realities of power: the Minoan thalassocracy in historical perspective.’
In R. Koehl (ed.) Amilla : the quest for excellence : studies presented to Guenter Kopcke
in celebration of his 75th birthday. Philadelphia:149-73. IoA DAG 100 KOE.
Niemeier, W.-D. 2009. 'Minoanisation' versus 'Minoan thalassocracy' - an introduction. In C.
Macdonald, E. Hallager and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) The Minoans in the central, eastern and
northern Aegean - new evidence. (Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 8.)
Aarhus:11-30. IoA DAG 100 MAC.
Recommended
Barber, R.L.N. 1987. The Cyclades in the Bronze Age. London. (Chapter 7.)
Berg, I. 1999. 'The Southern Aegean System.' Journal of World Systems Research 5: 47584. <e-journal only>
Berg, I. 2007. Negotiating island identities: the active use of pottery in the middle and Late
Bronze Age Cyclades.
Bevan, A. 2002. ‘The rural landscape of Neopalatial Kythera: A GIS perspective’, Journal of
Mediterranean Archaeology 15:217-56.
Branigan, K. 1981. ‘Minoan colonialism’, Annual of the British School at Athens 76:23-33.
Broodbank, C. and E. Kiriatzi. 2007. ‘The first 'Minoans' of Kythera re-visited: technology,
demography, and landscape in the Prepalatial Aegean’ AJA 111:241-274.
Davis, E.N. 1990. 'The Cycladic style of the Thera frescoes.' In D. Hardy, C. Doumas, J.
Sakellarakis and P.M. Warren (eds) Thera and the Aegean World III. Vol. 1: Archaeology.
London:214-28.
Davis, J.L. 1984. ‘Cultural innovation and the Minoan thalassocracy at Ayia Irini, Keos’. In
R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds), The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality, 159-66.
TC 505; Institute of Classical Studies 102B, X102B.
Davis, J.L. 1992. 'Review of Aegean prehistory I: the islands of the Aegean.' American
Journal of Archaeology
96:699-756. [TC 500; <www>]. Reprinted with update, in T.
Cullen (ed.) 2001. Aegean Prehistory: A Review. (American Journal of Archaeology
Supplement 1).
Davis, J.L. 2007. ‘Minoan Crete and the Aegean islands’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The
Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 186-208.
Davis, J.L. and J.F. Cherry 1990. ‘Spatial and temporal uniformitarianism in Late Cycladic I:
perspectives from Kea and Milos on the prehistory of Akrotiri.’ in D.A. Hardy (ed.) Thera
and the Aegean World III. London:185-200.
Dietz, S. 1998. The Cyclades and the Mainland in the Shaft Grave Period - A Summary.
Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens 2:9-36.
Doumas, C. 1983. Thera: Pompeii of the Ancient Aegean (Chapters 3-5).
Graziadio, G. 1998. 'Trade Circuits and Trade-Routes in the Shaft Grave Period.' Studi
Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 40:29-76. [Institute of Classical Studies]
10
Guzowska, M. 2002. ‘Traces of Minoan behavioural patterns in the North-East Aegean’. In
R. Aslan, S. Blum, G. Kasti, F. Schweizer and D. Thumm (eds) Mauer Schau. Festschrift
fur Manfred Korfmann, 585-94.
Hägg, R & N. Marinatos (eds) 1984. The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality, especially
papers by Branigan, Davis and Warren; I have a photocopy to lend.
Kardulias, P.N. 1999. ‘Multiple levels in the Aegean Bronze Age world-system’. In P.N.
Kardulias (ed.) World-Systems Theory in Practice, 179-201.
Karnava, A. 2007. ‘Written and stamped records in the Late Bronze Age Cyclades: the sea
journeys of an administration’. In N. Brodie et al. (eds) Horizon, 377-86.
Knappett, C. and Nikolakopoulou, I. 2005. ‘Exchange and affiliation networks in the MBA
southern Aegean: Crete, Akrotiri and Miletus’. In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds)
Emporia: Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean (Aegaeum 25), 175-84.
Knappett, C. and I. Nikolakopoulou 2008. ‘Colonialism without colonies? A Bronze Age case
study from Akrotiri, Thera.’ Hesperia 77:1-42.
Knappett, C., Rivers, R. and Evans, T. 2011. The Theran eruption and Minoan palatial
collapse: new interpretations gained from modelling the maritime network. Antiquity
85:1008-23.
Macdonald, C., E. Hallager and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) 2009. The Minoans in the central,
eastern and northern Aegean - new evidence. (Monographs of the Danish Institute at
Athens 8.) Aarhus.
Marketou, T. 2009. 'Ialysos and its neighbouring areas in the MBA and LBI periods: a
chance for peace. In C. Macdonald, E. Halllager and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) The Minoans in
the central, eastern and northern Aegean - new evidence. (Monographs of the Danish
Institute at Athens 8.) Aarhus: 73-96.
Melas, M. 1991. 'Acculturation and Social Mobility in the Minoan World.' In R. Laffineur and
L. Basch (eds) Thalassa. L'Egée préhistorique et la mer. (Aegaeum 7.) Liège:169-88.
Momigliano, N. 2009. 'Minoans at Iasos?' In C. Macdonald, E. Halllager and W.-D. Niemeier
(eds) The Minoans in the central, eastern and northern Aegean - new evidence.
(Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 8.) Aarhus:121-40.
Morgan, L. 1990. ‘Island iconography: Thera, Kea, Milos’. In D.A. Hardy (ed.) Thera and the
Aegean World III, 252-66.
Mountjoy, P.-A. 2004. 'Knossos and the Cyclades in Late Minoan IB.' In G. Cadogan, E.
Hatzaki and A. Vasilakis (eds) Knossos: Palace, City, State. London:399-404.
Mountjoy, P. and M. Ponting. 2000. The Minoan thalassocracy reconsidered: provenance
studies of LH II A/LM I B pottery from Phylakopi, Ay. Irini and Athens. BSA 95:141-84.
Niemeier, W.-D. 1984. The end of the Minoan thalassocracy. In R. Hägg and N. Marinatos
(eds), The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality: 205-15. Institute of Classical Studies
102B, X102B.
Niemeier, W.-D. 2005. ‘The Minoans and Mycenaeans in Western Asia Minor: settlement,
emporia or acculturation?’. In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the
Central and Eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25) 199-204.
Niemeier, B. and W.-D. Niemeier 1999. ‘The Minoans of Miletus’. In P. Betancourt, V.
Karageorghis, R. Laffineur & W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Meletemata (Aegaeum 20), 543- 554.
Palyvou, C. 2005. Akrotiri Thera. An architecture of affluence 3,500 years old. (Prehistory
Monographs 15) Philadelphia.
Renfrew, A.C. 1998. ‘Word of Minos: the Minoan contribution to Mycenaean Greek and the
linguistic geography of the Bronze Age Aegean’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 8:23964.
Renfrew, A.C. and J.M. Wagstaff (eds) 1982. An Island Polity: The Archaeology of
Exploitation in Melos. Cambridge.
Sakellarakis, Y. 1996. ‘Minoan religious influence in the Aegean: the case of Kythera’,
Annual of the British School at Athens 91: 81-99.
Schofield, E. 1982. ‘The western Cyclades and Crete: a special relationship’ Oxford Journal
of Archaeology 1:9-25.
Schofield, E. 1983. ‘The Minoan Emigrant.’ In O. Krzyszkowska and L. Nixon (eds) Minoan
Society. Bristol:293-301.
Stos-Gale, Z. 2001. 'Minoan foreign relations and copper metallurgy in Protopalatial and
Neopalatial Crete.' In A. Shortland (ed.) The Social Context of Technological Change.
Egypt and the Near East, 1650-1550 BC. Oxford:195-210.
Whitelaw, T. 2005 A tale of three cities: chronology and Minoanisation at Phylakopi on
Melos. In A. Dakouri-Hild and E.S. Sherratt (eds) Autochthon, 37-69.
11
Wiener, M. 1990. ‘The isles of Crete? The Minoan Thalassocracy revisited’. In D.A. Hardy
(ed.) Thera and the Aegean World III: Archaeology, 128-61.
Wiener, M. 1999. ‘Present arms/oars/ingots: searching for evidence of military or maritime
administration in LM IB’. In R. Laffineur (ed.) Polemos: Le contexte guerrier en Égée á
l'âge du Bronze (Aegaeum 19), 411-423.
Seminar 3: 24 October
The mainland transformed: Middle Helladic and early Mycenaean Greece.
Mainland developments during the Middle and early Late Bronze Ages contrast with those in
the insular Aegean. Through the Middle Helladic period, diversity is increasingly apparent, in
ceramics, burial, and degrees of interaction with the southern Aegean. Towards the end of
the period, changes in mortuary practices, demography, trade, craft production, and the
elaboration and deployment of iconography mark the transition to the early Mycenaean,
‘Shaft Grave’ period, in effect the late pre-palatial phase of the Greek mainland. This
seminar looks at the range of changes seen during the Shaft Grave period in the context of
both the indigenous traditions of the Middle Helladic mainland, and shifts in wider patterns
of interaction among Crete, the remainder of the Aegean and regions to the north and west.
Essential
Voutsaki, S. 2010. 'From the kinship economy to the palatial economy: the Argolid in the
second millennium BC.' In D. Pullen (ed.) Political Economies of the Aegean Bronze Age.
Oxford:86-111. INST ARCH DAG 100 PUL.
Wright, J. 2008. ‘Early Mycenaean Greece.’ In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge
Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge:230-57. IoA Issue Desk SHE 16; DAG
100 SHE.
Voutsaki, S. 2010. 'The Middle Bronze Age: Mainland Greece.' In E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford
Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:99-112. IoA Issue
Desk CLI 2.
Voutsaki, S. 1999. ‘Mortuary display, prestige and identity in the shaft grave era’, in I.
Kilian-Dirlmeier (ed.) Eliten in der Bronzezeit: Ergebnisse zweier Kolloquien in Mainz und
Athen, Vol. 1. 103-118. Institute of Classical Studies X104B CON; PDF on course Moodle
site.
Maran, J. 2011. ‘Lost in translation: the Early Mycenaean culture as a phenomenon of
glocalization.’ In T. Wilkinson, S. Sherratt and J. Bennet (eds) Interweaving worlds:
systemic interactions in Eurasia, 7th to 1st millennia BC. Oxford:282-94. IoA Issue Desk
WIL 1; INST ARCH DA 150 WIL..
Recommended
Acheson, P.E. 1999. ‘The role of force in the development of early Mycenaean polities’. In R.
Laffineur (ed.) Polemos: le contexte guerrier en Egée à l’âge du bronze (Aegaeum 19),
87-104.
Bennet, J. 2004. ‘Iconographies of value: words, people and things in the Late Bronze Age
Aegean’. In J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds) The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited
(Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 6), 90-106.
Berg, I. 1999. 'The Southern Aegean System.' Journal of World Systems Research 5: 47584. <e-journal>
Briault, C. 2007. High fidelity or Chinese whispers? Cult symbols and ritual transmission in
the Bronze Age Aegean. JMA 20:239-65.
Burns, B. 2010. Mycenaean Greece, Mediterranean Commerce and the Formation of
Identity. Cambridge.
Cadogan, G. and K. Kopaka. 2010. 'Coping with the offshore giant: Middle Helladic
interactions with Middle Minoan Crete.' In A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki,
and J. Wright (eds) Mesohelladika. The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age. (BCH
Suppl. 52.) Athens:847-58.
Cavanagh, W. and C. Mee 1998. A Private Place: Death in Prehistoric Greece (Studies in
Mediterranean Archaeology 125.) Goteborg.
Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1977. The Origins of Mycenaean Civilisation. Goteborg. (Chapters 2, 3,
8.)
12
Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1984. ‘Cretan contacts with the mainland during the period of the shaft
graves.’ In R. Hägg & N. Marinatos (eds) The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality.
Stockholm:117-120. [Institute of Classical Studies]
Dickinson, O.T.K.P. 1989. ‘The “origins of Mycenaean civilization” revisited’. In R. Laffineur
(ed.) Transition: Le monde Egéen du Bronze Moyen au Bronze Récent. (Aegaeum 3),
131-6.
Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1999. ‘Invasion, migration and the Shaft Graves’, Bulletin of the
Institute of the Classical Studies 43: 97-107.
Dickinson, O.T.P.K., L. Papazoglou-Manioudaki, A. Nafplioti, and J. Prag. 2012. ‘Mycenae
revisited Part 4: Assessing the new data’. BSA 107:161-88.
Dietz, S. 1998. 'The Cyclades and the Mainland in the Shaft Grave Period - A Summary.'
Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens 2:9-36.
French, E. and K. Shelton. 2005. Early palatial Mycenae. In A. Dakouri-Hild and S. Sherratt
(eds) Autochthon: Papers presented to O. T. P. K. Dickinson on the occasion of his
retirement. (BAR-IS 1432) Oxford:175-84.
Gauss, W. M. Lindblom and R. Smetana. 2011. The Middle Helladic large building complex
at Kolonna. A preliminary view. In W. Gauss, M. Lindblom, R.A. Smith and J. Wright (eds)
Our cups are full: pottery and society in the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford:76-87.
Graziadio, G. 1991. ‘The process of social stratification at Mycenae in the shaft grave period:
a comparative examination of the evidence’, American Journal of Archaeology 95:403-40.
Graziadio, G. 1998. Trade circuits and trade-routes in the Shaft Grave period. SMEA
40:29-76. ICS Periodicals
Harding, A.F. 1984. The Mycenaeans and Europe. New York:68-82 and 279-81.
Harrell, K. 2014. The fallen and their swords: a new explanation for the rise of the Shaft
Graves. AJA 118:3-17.
Ingvarsson-Sundström, A., M. Richards and S. Voutsaki. 2009. Stable Isotope Analysis of
the Middle Helladic Population from Two Cemeteries at Asine: Barbouna and the East
Cemetery. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 9.2:1-14.
Ingvarsson-Sundström, A., S. Voutsaki and E. Milka.
2013. Diet, health and social
differentiation in Middle Hellic Asine. A bioarchaeological view. In S. Voutsaki and S.-M.
Valamoti (eds) Diet, economy and society in the ancient Greek world.
(Pharos
supplementary volume) Athens:149-61.
Karo, G. 1930. Die Schachtgräber von Mykenai (Circle A: plates volume to see material).
Kiriatzi, E. 2010. 'Minoanising' pottery traditions in southwest Aegean during the Middle
Bronze Age: understanding the social context of technological and consumption
practices.' In A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds)
Mesohelladika. The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age. (BCH Suppl. 52.)
Athens:683-99.
Mylonas, G.E. 1973. O Taphikos Kyklos B ton Mykinon (Circle B: plates volume to see
material).
Niemeier, W.-D. 1995. ‘Aegina: first Aegean “state” outside of Crete?’. In R. Laffineur and
W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum
12), 73-80.
Nordquist, G.C., 1987. A Middle Helladic Village: Asine in the Argolid.
Pantou, P. 2014. An architectural perspective on social change and ideology in early
Mycenaean Greece. AJA 118:369-400.
Parkinson, W. and Galaty, M. 2007. 'Secondary states in perspective: an integrated
approach to state formation in the prehistoric Aegean.'
American Anthropologist
109:113-29.
Philippa-Touchais, A., G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds) Mesohelladika. The
Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age. (BCH Suppl. 52.) Athens.
Rutter, J.B. 1993. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory II: the prepalatial Bronze Age of the
southern and central Greek mainland’, American Journal of Archaeology 97: 745-97 (also
in T. Cullen [ed.] Aegean Prehistory: A Review, 95-155). TC 538
Rutter, J. and C. Zerner 1984. ‘Early Hellado-Minoan contacts.’ in R. Hägg & N. Marinatos
(eds) The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality. Stockholm:75-83. Institute of
Classical Studies
Shelton, K. 2010. Living and dying in and around Middle Helladic Mycenae. In A. PhilippaTouchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki and J. Wright (eds) Mesohelladika. The Greek
Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age. (BCH Suppl. 52). Athens:57-65.
13
Sherratt, A.G. 1987. ‘Warriors and traders: Bronze Age chiefdoms in Central Europe’. In B.
Cunliffe (ed.) Origins: The Roots of European Civilisation, 54-66.
Treherne, P. 1995. ‘The warrior’s beauty: the masculine body and self-identity in BronzeAge Europe’, Journal of European Archaeology 3:105-44.
Voutsaki, S. 1995. ‘Social and political processes in the Mycenaean Argolid: the evidence
from the mortuary practices’. In R. Laffineur and W-D. Niemeier (eds) POLITEIA: Society
and State in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 12), 55-66.
Voutsaki, S. 1998. ‘Mortuary evidence, symbolic meanings and social change: a comparison
between Messenia and the Argolid in the Mycenaean period’ in K. Branigan (ed.)
Cemetery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age (Sheffield Studies in Aegean
Archaeology 1), 41-58.
Voutsaki, S. 2010. Agency and personhood at the onset of the Mycenaean period.
Archaeological Dialogues 17:65-92.
Voutsaki, S. 2012. From value to meaning, from things to persons: the grave circles of
Mycenae reconsidered. In G. Urton and J. Papadopoulos (eds) The Construction of Value
in the Ancient World (UCLA Monographs) Los Angeles:160-85.
Voutsaki, S., A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, and S. Dietz. 2011. Tumuli and Social Status: a Reexamination of the Asine Tumulus. In E. Borgna and S. Müller Celka (eds) Ancestral
Landscapes: Burial Mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Central and Eastern Europe Balkans - Adriatic - Aegean, 4th-2nd millennium B.C) (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et
de la Méditerranée 58) Lyon:445-461.
Voutsaki, S., E. Milka, S. Triantaphyllou and C. Zerner. 2013. Middle Helladic Lerna. Diet,
economy and society. In S. Voutsaki and S.-M. Valamoti (eds) Diet, economy and society
in the ancient Greek world. (Pharos supplementary volume) Athens:133-47.
Wolpert, A. 2004. ‘Getting past consumption and competition: legitimacy and consensus in
the Shaft Graves’. In J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds) The Emergence of Civilisation
Revisited (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology), 127-44.
Wright, J. 1995.’From chief to king in Mycenaean Greece’ in P. Rehak (ed.) The Role of the
Ruler in the Prehistoric Aegean (Aegaeum 11), 63-80.
Wright, J.
2004. ‘Comparative settlement patterns during the Bronze Age in the
northeastern Peloponnesos, Greece’ in S.E. Alcock and J.F. Cherry (eds) Side-by-side
Survey: Comparative Regional Studies in the Mediterranean World, 114-31.
Wright, J. 2010. 'Towards a social archaeology of Middle Helladic Greece.' In A. PhilippaTouchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds) Mesohelladika. The Greek
Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age. (BCH Suppl. 52.) Athens:803-15.
Seminar 4: 31 October
Two 'catastrophes': the Theran eruption and the end of Neopalatial Crete.
The eruption of the volcanic island of Thera (Santorini) in the mid 2nd millennium BC is
linked to two debates in Aegean archaeology. One concerns the association between the
eruption and the end of Neopalatial Crete (attested by widespread destructions in LM IB).
The other concerns Aegean absolute chronology, for radiocarbon dates and other scientific
data attributed to the eruption have been used to argue that traditional chronologies were
too late by ca. 100 years. This would have important ramifications for rates of cultural
change in the Aegean as well as correlations with the east Mediterranean and Europe.
More generally, attention is beginning to recognize that the widespread destructions on
Crete at the end of the Neopalatial period, are not so easily attributed to a single ‘event’, as
most discussions over many decades have assumed, whether the Theran eruption, its long
term consequences, an island-wide earthquake, or an invasion from the Mycenaean
mainland. It is beginning to be looked at as the consequence of longer-term difficulties,
those quite what these were, are just as hotly debated.
Essential
Driessen, J. and C.F. MacDonald 2000. ‘The eruption of the Santorini volcano and its effects
on Minoan Crete’. In W.J. McGuire, D.R. Griffiths, P.L. Hancock and I.S. Stewart (eds)
The Archaeology of Geological Catastrophes. (Geological Society Special Publication 171),
81-93. IoA Issue Desk MCG.
14
Knappett, C., Rivers, R. and Evans, T. 2011. ‘The Theran eruption and Minoan palatial
collapse: new interpretations gained from modelling the maritime network.’ Antiquity
85:1008-23. IoA Pers; eJournals.
Manning, S. 2010. 'Eruption of Thera/Santorini.' In E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of
the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:457-74. IoA Issue Desk CLI 2
Cunningham, T. ‘Havoc: the destruction of power and the power of destruction in Minoan
Crete’. In J. Bretschneider, J. Driessen and K. van Lerberghe (eds) Power and
Architecture. Monumental public architecture in the Bronze Age Near East and Aegean,
23-43. IoA DBA 100 BRE.
Wiener, M. 2007. ‘Times change: the current debate in Old World chronology’. In M. Bietak
and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in
the second millennium B.C. III, 25-47. IoA DBA Qto 100 BIE.
For anyone unfamiliar with basic dating techniques, C. Renfrew and P. Bahn’s textbook
Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice has a good summary of key principles.
Recommended
The end of Neopalatial Crete:
Brogan, T. and E. Hallager (eds.). 2011. LM IB pottery: relative chronology and regional
differences. Athens: Danish Institute at Athens.
Brogan, T., R.A.K. Smith and J.S. Soles. 2003. Mycenaeans at Mochlos? Exploring culture
and identity in the Late Minoan IB to IIIA1 transition. Aegean Archaeology 6:89-118.
Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1996. ‘Minoans in mainland Greece, Mycenaeans in Crete?’ Cretan
Studies 5:63-71. Institute of Classical Studies Pers.
Driessen, J. and C. Langohr. 2007. ‘Rallying ‘round a ‘Minoan’ past: the legitimation of
power at Knossos during the Late Bronze Age.’. In M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds)
Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II, 178-89. IoA Issue Desk GAL 1.
Driessen, J. and C. Macdonald 1997. The Troubled Island: Minoan Crete Before and After
the Santorini Eruption (Aegaeum 17), especially Chapters 5-6.
Driessen, J. and I. Schoep. 1999. 'The Stylus and the Sword: The Roles of Scribes and
Warriors in the Conquest of Crete.' In R. Laffineur (ed.) POLEMOS: Le contexte guerrier
en Égée á l'âge du Bronze. (Aegaeum 19) Liège:389-401.
Hardy, D.A. (ed.) 1990. Thera and the Aegean World III, Volume II: Earth Sciences,
especially papers by Pyle, Heiken, McCoy and Sheridan, and summary.
Hood, M.S.F. 1985. Warlike Destruction in Crete c. 1450 B.C. In T. Detorakis (ed.)
Pepragmena tou E' Diethnous Kritologikou Synedriou.
Heraklion:
Etairia Kritikon
Istorikon Meleton:A.170-78. Institute of Classical Studies.
Marinatos, S. 1939. The volcanic destruction of Minoan Crete. Antiquity 13:425-39.
Niemeier, W.-D. 1983. The nature of the Knossian palace society in the second half of the
fifteenth century BC: Mycenaean or Minoan?. In O. Krzyszkowska and L. Nixon (eds)
Minoan Society. Bristol:217-236.
Niemeier, W.-D. 1984. The end of the Minoan thalassocracy. In R. Hägg and N. Marinatos
(eds), The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality: 205-15. Institute of Classical Studies
102B, X102B.
Preston, L. 2008. 'Late Minoan II to IIIB Crete.' In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge
Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge:310-26.
Puglisi, D. 2013. The view from the day after. In J. Driessen (ed.) Destruction:
archaeological, philological and historical perspectives.
Louvain-le-Neuve: UCL
Press:171-82.
Soles, J. 1999. ‘The collapse of Minoan civilization: the evidence of the broken ashlar’. In
R. Laffineur (ed.) Polemos. Le contexte guerrier en egee a l’age du bronze (Aegaeum
19), 57-63.
The dating controversy:
Bruins, H., J.A. MacGillivray, C. Synolakis, C. Benjamini, J. Keller, H. Kisch, A. Klugel and J.
van der Plicht. 2008. ‘Geoarchaeological tsunami deposits at Palaikastro (Crete) and the
Late Minoan IA eruption of Santorini’, Journal of Archaeological Science 35:191-212.
Buckland, P.C. and A.J. Dugmore and K.J. Edwards 1997. ‘Bronze Age myths? Volcanic
activity and human response in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic regions’, Antiquity
71:581-93.
Driessen, J. and C. MacDonald 1997. The Troubled Island: Minoan Crete Before and After
the Santorini Eruption (Aegaeum 17.) Liège. (Especially Chapters 4-6.)
15
Friedrich, W.L. 2009. Santorini: geology, natural history, mythology. Aarhus.
Hardy, D.A. (ed.) 1990. Thera and the Aegean World III, Volume III: Chronology, especially
Baillie, Davis, Kuniholm, Manning, Marketou, Niemeier, Pyle and Warren.
Kitchen, K. 2007. 'Egyptian and related chronologies - look, no science, no pots!' In M.
Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern
Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:163-71.
Manning, S. 2007. 'Clarifying the 'high.’ v. 'low' Aegean/Cypriot chronology for the mid
second millennium BC: assessing the evidence, interpretive frameworks, and current
state of the debate.' In M. Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations
in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:101-37.
Manning, S.W. 2000. A Test of Time: The Volcano of Thera and the Chronology and History
of the Aegean and East Mediterranean in the Mid Second Millennium BC.
Manning, S.W. W. Bronk Ramsey, C. Kutschera, T. Higham, B. Kromer, P. Steier, and E. M.
Wild. 2006. ‘Chronology for the Aegean Late Bronze Age 1700-1400 B.C.’, Science
312:565-569.
Manning, S. and M. Bruce (eds) 2009. Tree-rings, kings, and Old World archaeology and
environment: papers presented in honor of Peter Ian Kuniholm. Oxford.
Pearson, C.L., D. Dale, P. Brewer, P. Kuniholm, J. Lipton and S.W. Manning 2009.
‘Dendrochemical analysis of a tree-ring growth anomaly associated with the Late Bronze
Age eruption of Thera.’ Journal of Archaeological Science 36:1206-14.
Warburton, D. (ed.) 2009. Time's Up! Dating the Minoan eruption of Santorini. (Monographs
of the Danish Institute at Athens 10.) Athens.
Warren, P. 2006. 'The date of the Thera eruption in relation to Aegean-Egyptian
interconnections and the Egyptian historical chronology.' In E. Czerny et al. (eds)
Timelines. Studies in honour of Manfred Bietak, Vol. 2. Leuven:305-21.
Warren, P.M. 1996. ‘The Aegean and the limits of radiocarbon dating’. In K. Randsborg
(ed.) Absolute Chronology: Archaeological Europe 500-500 BC (Acta Archaeologica 67),
283-90.
Wiener, M.H. 2003. ‘Time out: the current impasse in Bronze Age archaeological dating’. In
K. Foster and R. Laffineur (eds) METRON: Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum
24), 363-99.
Wiener, M. 2009. The state of the debate about ther date of the Theran erupton. In D.
Warburton (ed.) Time’s Up. Dating the Minoan eruption of Santorini. (Monographs of
the Danaish Institute at Athens, 10). Athens:197-206.
Seminar 6: 7 November
Final palatial and Post-palatial Crete..
Viewed as following the apogee of Minoan civilisation, LMII-III Crete remained neglected
until the 1960s, when interest increased in the context of debates over the date of the final
destruction of the palace at Knossos, which preserved the largest collection of Linear B
tablets. Since then, studies of LMII-III Crete have expanded, though it still receives less
attention than the Neopalatial period, when the attention of most Aegean prehistorians
shifts to the mainland-based Mycenaean civilisation. While administrators at Knossos and
Khania were writing their accounts in early Greek using the Linear B script, and some
mainland customs appear to have been adopted on Crete, the culture largely continues
Minoan traditions. The seminar will focus on the nature of the 'Mycenaeanisation' of Crete,
and the transformations in society until the end of the Bronze Age.
Essential
Preston, L. 2008. 'Late Minoan II to IIIB Crete.' In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge
Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge:310-26. IoA Issue Desk SHE 16; IoA
DAG 100 SHE
Bennet, J. 1985. 'The structure of the Linear B administration at Knossos.' American Journal
of Archaeology 89:231-49. IoA TC 540; eJournals.
Driessen, J. and C. Langohr. 2007. ‘Rallying ‘round a ‘Minoan’ past: the legitimation of
power at Knossos during the Late Bronze Age.’. In M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds)
Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II, 178-89. IoA Issue Desk GAL 1.
16
Bennet, J. 1990. 'Knossos in context: comparative perspectives on the Linear B
administration of LM II-III Crete.' American Journal of Archaeology:193-211. IoA Pers;
eJournals.
Brogan, T., R.A.K. Smith and J.S. Soles. 2003. ‘Mycenaeans at Mochlos? Exploring culture
and identity in the Late Minoan IB to IIIA1 transition.’ Aegean Archaeology 6:89-118.
IoA Pers.
Recommended
Bennet, D.J.L. 1988. ‘Outside in the distance’ problems in understanding the economic
geography of Mycenaean palatial territories. In J.-P. Olivier and T.G. Palaima, eds. Texts,
Tablets and Scribes. (Minos Supplement 10) Salamanca:19-41. Main ANCIENT HISTORY
W 15 OLI.
Bennet, D.J.L. 1992. ‘Collectors’ or ‘owners’: some thoughts on their likely functions
within the palatial economy of LM III Crete. In J.-P. Olivier (ed.) Mykenaïka: Actes due
IXe colloque international sur les textes mycéniens et égéens. (BCH Supplément 25)
Athènes:65-101. Main COMP PHIL B 25 OLI.
Bennet, J. 2008. ‘”Now you see it; now you don't!”: the disappearance of the Linear A script
on Crete’. In J. Baines, S. Houston, and J. Bennet (eds), The Disappearance of Writing
Systems: Perspectives on Literacy and Communication, 1-29.
Burke, B. 2005. Materialization of Mycenaean ideology and the Ayia Triadha sarcophagus.
AJA 109:403-22.
Cline, E.H. 1999. 'The Nature of the Economic Relations of Crete with Egypt and the Near
East during the Late Bronze Age.' In A. Chaniotis (ed.) From Minoan Farmers to Roman
Traders: Sidelights on the Economy of Ancient Crete. Stuttgart:115-44.
D’Agata, A.L. 2005. Central southern Crete and its relations with the Greek mainland in the
Postpalatial period. In A.L. D’Agata and J. Moody (eds) Ariadne’s Threads: Connections
between Crete and the Greek Mainland in Late Minoan III (LM IIIA2 to LM IIIC).
Athens:109-43.
D’Agata, A.L. and J. Moody (eds) Ariadne’s Threads: Connections between Crete and the
Greek Mainland in Late Minoan III (LM IIIA2 to LM IIIC). Athens.
Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1996. Minoans in Mainland Greece, Mycenaeans in Crete? Cretan
Studies 5:63-71. ICS Periodicals
Doxey, D. 1987. Causes and Effects of the Fall of Knossos in 1375 B.C. OJA 6:301-24.
Driessen, J. 1998-1999. Kretes and Iawones: Some Observations on the Identity of Late
Bronze Age Knossians. In J. Bennet and J. Driessen (eds) A-na-qo-ta. Studies Presented
to J. T. Killen. Minos 33-34:83-105.
Driessen, J.
2000.
The Scribes of the Room of the Chariot Tablets at Knossos:
Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study of a Linear B Deposit. (Minos Supplement 15)
Salamanca. Main ANCIENT HISTORY W 15 DRI
Driessen, J. 2001. 'Centre and periphery: some observations on the administration of the
kingdom of Knossos.' In S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds) Economy and Politics in the
Mycenaean Palace States. (Supplementary Volume 27) Cambridge:96-111.
Driessen, J. and A. Farnoux. 1994. Mycenaeans at Malia? Aegean Archaeology 1:54-64.
Driessen, J. and A. Farnoux (eds). 1997. La Crète mycénienne. (BCH Supplément 30)
Athènes.
Driessen, J and A. Farnoux 2000. ‘La Crete vaut bien une messe’. Domination and
‘collaboration’ on Mycenaean Crete. Pepragmena tou H' Diethnous Kritologikou
Synedriou. A1.431-8. Institute of Classical Studies.
Driessen, J. and C.F. MacDonald. 1984. Some Military Aspects of the Aegean in the Late
Fifteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries B.C. BSA 79:49-74.
Driessen, J. and I. Schoep. 1999. 'The Stylus and the Sword: The Roles of Scribes and
Warriors in the Conquest of Crete.' In R. Laffineur (ed.) POLEMOS: Le contexte guerrier
en Égée á l'âge du Bronze. (Aegaeum 19) Liège:389-401.
Hallager, E. 1978. The history of the palace at Knossos in the Late Minoan period. SMEA
19:17-33. Main COMP PHIL B25 STU
Hallager, E. 1987. The Inscribed Stirrup Jars: Implications for Late Minoan IIIB Crete. AJA
91:171-90.
Hallager, E. 2005. The uniformity in seal use and sealing practice during the LH/LM III
period. In A.L. D’Agata and J. Moody (eds) Ariadne’s Threads: Connections between
Crete and the Greek Mainland in Late Minoan III (LM IIIA2 to LM IIIC). Athens:243275.
17
Haskell, H. 1997. Mycenaeans at Knossos: patterns in the evidence. In, J. Driessen, and
A. Farnoux (eds.) La Crète mycénienne. (BCH Supplément 30) Athènes:187-93.
Haskell, H. 2005. Region to region export of transport stirrup jars from LM IIIA2/B Crete. In
A.L. D’Agata and J. Moody (eds) Ariadne’s Threads: Connections between Crete and the
Greek Mainland in Late Minoan III (LM IIIA2 to LM IIIC). Athens:205-41.
Haskell, H., R. Jones, P. Day and J. Killen. 2011. Transport Stirrup Jars of the Bronze Age
Aegean and East Mediterranean, (Prehistory Monographs 33) Philadelphia.
Hatzaki, E. 2004. From Final palatial to Postpalatial Knossos: a view from the Late Minoan
II to Late Minoan IIIB town. In, G. Cadogan, E. Hatzaki and A. Vasilakis (eds.) Knossos:
Palace, City, State. London:121-6.
Hatzaki, E. 2005. Postpalatial Knossos: town and cemeteries from LMIIIA to LMIIIC. In A.L. D'Agata and J. Moody (eds) Ariande's threads. Athens:65-97.
Langohr, C. 2009. !"#$%&#"$': Étude régionale de la Crète aux Minoen Récent II-IIIB
(1450-1200 av. J.-C.), Volume 1. La Crète centrale et occidentale. Louvain-la-Neuve.
Niemeier, W.-D. 1982. Mycenaean Knossos and the Age of Linear B. SMEA 23:219-88. Main
COMP PHIL B25 STU; ICS Periodicals
Niemeier, W.-D. 1983. The character of the Knossian palace society in the second half of
the fifteenth century B.C.: Mycenaean or Minoan? Minoan Society. Proceedings of the
Cambridge Colloquium 1981. O. Krzyszkowska and L. Nixon (eds) Bristol:217-36.
Nowicki, K. 2000. Defensible sites in Crete c. 1200-800 BC. (Aegaeum 21). Liege.
Palaima, T.G. 1984. Inscribed stirrup jars and regionalism in Linear B Crete. SMEA
25:189-203. Main COMP PHIL B25 STU; ICS Periodicals
Peatfield, A. 1994. After the `Big Bang' - What? Or Minoan Symbols and Shrines beyond
Palatial Collapse. In S. Alcock and R. Osborne (eds) Placing the Gods. Sanctuaries and
Sacred Space in Ancient Greece. Clarendon Press, Oxford:19-36.
Perna, K. 2009. Cultural identity and social interaction in Crete at the end of the Bronze Age
(LM IIIC). In C. Bachhuber and R.G. Roberts (eds) Forces of transformation: the end of
the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean. Oxford:39-43.
Phillips, J. 2005. The last pharaohs on Crete: old contexts and old readings reconsidered.
In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the central and eastern
Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25). Liege:59-68.
Popham, M. 1980. Cretan Sites Occupied between c. 1450 and 1400 B.C. BSA 75:163-7.
Popham, M. 1994. Late Minoan II to the end of the Bronze Age. In D. Evely, H. HughesBrock and N. Momigliano (eds) Knossos: A Labyrinth of History. Papers in Honour of
Sinclair Hood. Oxford:89-102.
Preston, L. 1999. ‘Mortuary practices and the negotiation of social identities at Late Minoan
II Knossos’, BSA 94:131-143.
Preston, L. 2004. 'A mortuary perspective on political changes in Late Minoan II-IIIB Crete.'
American Journal of Archaeology 108:321-48.
Rehak, P. and J.G. Younger 1998. ‘Neopalatial, Final Palatial, and Postpalatial Crete.’
American Journal of Archaeology 102:91-173. [<www>] Reprinted with update. In T.
Cullen (ed.) 2001. Aegean Prehistory: A Review (American Journal of Archaeology
Supplement 1.)
Rutter, J. 1999. Cretan external relations during LMIIIA2-B (ca. 1370-1200 BC): a view
from the Mesara. In W. Phelps, Y. Lolos and Y. Vichos (eds) The Point Iria wreck:
interconnections in the Mediterranean, ca. 1200 BC. Athens:139-186.
Rutter, J. 2005. Southern triangles revisited: Lakonia, Messenia, and Crete in the 14th-12th
Centuries BC. In A.L. D’Agata and J. Moody (eds) Ariadne’s Threads: Connections
between Crete and the Greek Mainland in Late Minoan III (LM IIIA2 to LM IIIC).
Athens:17-64.
Shelmerdine, C. 1992. Historical and Economic Considerations in Interpreting Myceneaen
Texts. In J.-P. Olivier (ed.) Mykenaïka. Actes du IXe Colloque international sur les textes
mycéniens et égéens. (BCH Suppl. 25.) Paris:569-90.
Smith, R.A. 2005. Minoans, Mycenaeans and Mokhlos: the formation of regional identity in
Late Minoan III Crete. In A.L. D’Agata and J. Moody (eds)
Ariadne’s Threads:
Connections between Crete and the Greek Mainland in Late Minoan III (LM IIIA2 to LM
IIIC). Athens:185-204.
Soles, J. 1999. The Ritual ‘Killing’ of Pottery and the Discovery of a Mycenaean Telestas at
Mochlos. In P. Betancourt, V. Karageorghis, R. Laffineur, and W.-D. Niemeier (eds)
Meletemata: Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. Wiener as He
Enters His 65th Year. Vol. III. Liège:787-92.
18
Tsipopoulou, M. 2005. ‘Mycenoans’ at the isthmus of Ierapetra: some (preliminary)
thoughts on the foundation of the (Eteo)Cretan cultural identity. In A.L. D’Agata and J.
Moody (eds) Ariadne’s Threads: Connections between Crete and the Greek Mainland in
Late Minoan III (LM IIIA2 to LM IIIC). Athens:303-52.
Wallace, S.. 2006. The gilded cage? Settlement and socioeconomic change after 1200 BC: a
comparison of Crete and other Aegean regions. In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds)
Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis
Studies 3). Edinburgh:619-64.
Wallace, S. 2010. Ancient Crete. From successful collapse to democracy's alternatives,
twelfth to fifth centuries BC. Cambridge.
Watrous, L.V., and H. Blitzer. 1997. Central Crete in LM II-IIIB1: The Archaeological
Background of the Knossos Tablets. In, J. Driessen, and A. Farnoux (eds.) La Crète
mycénienne. (BCH Supplément 30) Athènes:511-6.
Seminar 6: 14 November
Palaces, burials, status and power in the Mycenaean palatial period.
The palatial period on the Greek mainland provides rich evidence concerning the power
strategies that created and held together the Mycenaean kingdoms. The shifts in emphasis
in the material record, from individuals to institutions, with the establishment of the palaces
forms a background to considerations of ideology, power, warfare, monumental architecture
and burial.
Essential
Galaty, M.L. and W.A. Parkinson 2007. ‘2007 Introduction: Mycenaean palaces rethought’
and ‘1999 Introduction: putting Mycenaean palaces in their place’. In M.L. Galaty and
W.A. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II: 1-20, 21-28. IoA Issue Desk GAL
1.
Wright, J. 2006. ‘The formation of the Mycenaean palace.’ In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I.
Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer.
(Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press:7-52. IoA DAE
100 DEG.
Voutsaki, S. 1995. ‘Social and political processes in the Mycenaean Argolid: the evidence
from the mortuary practices’. In R. Laffineur & W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Politeia: Society and
State in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 12; Vol.1), 54-65. IoA TC 1820; IoA Issue
Desk LAF 3.
Davis, J.L. and J. Bennet 1999. ‘Making Mycenaeans: warfare, territorial expansion, and
representations of the other in the Pylian kingdom’. In R. Laffineur (ed.) Polemos: le
contexte guerrier en Égée à l’age du bronze (Aegaeum 19), 105-20. IoA TC 2163; IoA
Issue Desk LAF 1.
Mee, C.B. and W.G. Cavanagh 1984. ‘Mycenaean tombs as evidence for social and political
organisation’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 3:45-64. IoA Pers; eJournals.
Recommended
Acheson, P.E. 1999. ‘The role of force in the development of early Mycenaean polities’. In R.
Laffineur (ed.) Polemos: le contexte guerrier en Egée à l’âge du bronze (Aegaeum 19),
87-104.
Bendall, L. 2004. Fit for a king? Hierarchy, exclusion, aspiration and desire in the social
structure of Mycenaean banqueting. In P. Halstead and J. Barrett (eds) Food, Cuisine
and Society in Prehistoric Greece.
(Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 5).
Oxford:105-35.
Bennet, J. 1985. ‘The structure of the Linear B administration at Knossos’, AJA 89:231-49.
Bennet, J. 2007. Representations of Power in Mycenaean Pylos. Script, Orality, Iconography.
In F. Geburtstag Lang, C. Reinholdt and J. Weilhartner (eds) ()&%'*+, -#$.)"/+,.
Archäologische Forschungen zwischen Nil und Istros: Festschrift für Stefan Hiller zum 65.
Wien:11-22.
Bennet, J. 2008. ‘The Linear B archives and the kingdom of Nestor’. In J. Davis (ed.)
Sandy Pylos. An archaeological history from Nestor to Navarino, 111-32.
Cavanagh, W.G. 2008. ‘Death and the Mycenaeans’ in C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge
Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 327-41.
19
Cavanagh, W. and C. Mee 1998. A Private Place: Death in Prehistoric Greece (Studies in
Mediterranean Archaeology 125).
Cherry, J.F. and J.L. Davis 2001. ‘Under the sceptre of Agamemnon’; the view from the
hinterlands of Mycenae. In K. Branigan (ed.) Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age, 14159.
Davis, J.L. (ed.) 2008. Sandy Pylos: An Archaeological History from Nestor to Navarino.
Fitzsimons, R. 2007. Architecture and Power in the Bronze Age Argolid. In J. Bretschneider,
J. Driessen and K. van Lerberghe (eds) Power and Architecture: Monumental Public
Architecture in the Bronze Age Near East and Aegean (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta
156) Leuven:93-115.
Fitzsimons, R. 2011. Monumental Architecture and the Construction of the Mycenaean
State. State Formation in Italy and Greece: Questioning the Neoevolutionist Paradigm, In
N. Terrenato and D. Haggis (eds) Oxford:75-118.
Feuer, Bryan. 2011. Being Mycenaean: A View from the Periphery. AJA 115:507-36.
Kilian, K. 1988. ‘The emergence of wanax ideology in the Mycenaean palaces’, Oxford
Journal of Archaeology 7: 291-302.
Maran, J. 2006. ‘Mycenaean citadels as performative space’. In J. Maran, C. Juwig, H.
Schwengel and U. Thaler (eds) Constructing Power. Architecture, ideology and social
practice, 75-88.
Nelson, M. C. 2007. Pylos, block masonry and monumental architecture in the Late Bronze
Age Peloponnese. In J. Bretschneider, J. Driessen and K. van Lerberghe (eds) Power and
architecture: monumental public architecture in the Bronze Age Near East and Aegean.
(Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 156). Leuven:143-59.
Pantou, P. 2010. Mycenaean Dimini in Context: Investigating Regional Variability and
Socioeconomic Complexities in Late Bronze Age Greece. AJA 114:381-401.
Pantou, P. 2014. An architectural perspective on social change and ideology in early
Mycenaean Greece. AJA 118:369-400.
Schon, R. 2007. Chariots, industry and elite power at Pylos. In, M.L. Galaty and W.A.
Parkinson (eds.) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II:133-45.
Shear, I.M. 2004. Kingship in the Mycenaean world and its reflection in the oral tradition.
Philadelphia.
Thaler, U. 2006. ‘Constructing and reconstructing power. The palace of Pylos,’ in J. Maran,
C. Juwig, H. Schwengel and U. Thaler (eds) Constructing Power. Architecture, ideology
and social practice, 93-111.
Wright, J.C. 1984. ‘Umpiring the Mycenaean empire’, Temple University Aegean Symposium
9:58-70.
Wright, J.C. 1995. ‘From chief to state in Mycenaean Greece’. In P. Rehak (ed.) The Role of
the Ruler in the Prehistoric Aegean (Aegaeum 11), 63-80.
Wright, J.C. 1987. ‘Death and power at Mycenae: changing symbols in mortuary practice’.
In R. Laffineur (ed.) Thanatos: Les coutumes funéraires en Egée à l'âge du bronze
(Aegaeum 1), 171-84.
Wright, J.C.
2004. ‘Comparative settlement patterns during the Bronze Age in the
northeastern Peloponnesos, Greece’ in S.E. Alcock and J.F. Cherry (eds) Side-by-side
Survey: Comparative Regional Studies in the Mediterranean World, 114-31.
Wright, J. 2004. ‘A survey of evidence for feasting in Mycenaean society’. In J. Wright (ed.)
The Mycenaean Feast, 13-58 (also Hesperia 73.2).
Wright. J. 2006. ‘The social production of space and the architectural reproduction of
society in the Bronze Age Aegean during the 2nd millennium B.C.E.‘. In J. Maran, C.
Juwig, H. Schwengel and U. Thaler (eds) Constructing Power. Architecture, ideology and
social practice, 49-69.
Wright, J. 2008. Chamber Tombs, Family, and State in Mycenaean Greece. In C. Gallou, M.
Georgiadis and G. Muskett (eds) Dioskouroi. Studies presented to W. G. Cavanagh and
C. B. Mee on the anniversary of their 30-year joint contribution to Aegean Archaeology.
(BAR-IS 1889) Oxford:144-53.
Seminar 7: 21 November
Archaeology and Linear B: Mycenaean economies and religion.
The increasing integration of archaeological and textual data to understand Mycenaean
economies is transforming our understanding, away from the classic redistributive model, to
20
a more exploitative, extractive model, and so changing our view of the role and significance
of the palaces. Key questions include the kinds of activities attested and the nature and
scale of the economy that was controlled by the palace. In contrast, the Linear B texts and
the archaeological record for religion reveal less overlap, highlighting contrasts in the
datasets, and the ways in which each is usually approached.
Essential
Shelmerdine, C. and J. Bennet. 2008. ‘Economy and administration’ in C. Shelmerdine
(ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 289-309. IoA Issue Desk
SHE 16, IoA DAG 100 SHE.
Halstead, Paul. 2011. 'Redistribution in Aegean palatial societies: terminology, scale, and
significance.' American Journal of Archaeology 115:229-35. IoA Pers; eJournal.
Bennet, J. 2008. ‘Palace™: speculations on palatial production in Mycenaean Greece with
(some) reference to glass’. In C. Jackson and E. Wager (eds) Vitreous Material in the
Late Bronze Age Aegean: A Window to the East Mediterranean World (Sheffield Studies in
Aegean Archaeology 8), 151-72. IoA DAG 10 JAC.
Voutsaki, S. 2001. ‘Economic control, power and prestige in the Mycenaean world: the
archaeological evidence’ in S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds) Economy and Politics in the
Mycenaean Palace States. ((Cambridge Philological Society supplementary volume 27),
195-213.
Palaima, T. 2008. ‘Mycenaean religion’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion
to the Aegean Bronze Age, 342-61. IoA Issue Desk SHE 16; IoA DAG 100 SHE.
Recommended
Mycenaean palatial economies:
Aprile, J. 2013. Crafts, specialists and markets in Mycenaean Greece. The new political
economy of Nichoria: using intrasite distributioinal data to investigate regional
institutions. AJA 117:429-36.
Bendall, L. 2003. A reconsideration of the Northeastern Building at Pylos: evidence for a
Mycenaean redistributive centre. AJA 107:181-231.
Bennet, J. 1995. Space Through Time: Diachronic Perspectives on the Spatial Organization
of the Pylian State. In R. Laffineur and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Politeia: Society and State
in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 12) Liège:587-602.
Bennet, J. 1999. The Mycenaean Conceptualization of Space or Pylian Geography (...Yet
Again!). In S. Deger-Jalkotzy, S. Hiller and O. Panagl (eds) Floreant Studia Mycenaea.
Band I. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften:131-57.
Bennet, J.
2001. ‘Agency and bureaucracy: thoughts on the nature and extent of
administration in Bronze Age Pylos’. In S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds), Economy and
Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States (Cambridge Philological Society Supplement 27),
25-37.
Chadwick, J. 1967. The Decipherment of Linear B.
Chadwick, J. 1976. The Mycenaean World (a very readable if dated summary from a textual
perspective).
de Fidio, P. 2008. Mycenaean history. In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies (eds) A
Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 1. (Bibliothèque
des cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 120). Leuven:81-114.
Driessen, J. 2008. Chronology of the Linear B texts. In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies
(eds) A Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 1.
(Bibliothèque des cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 120). Leuven:69-79.
Galaty, M.L. and W.A. Parkinson (eds) 2007. Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II.
Halstead, P. 1992. ‘The Mycenaean palatial economy: making the most of the gaps in the
evidence’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 38:57-86.
Halstead, P. 2001. ‘Mycenaean wheat, flax and sheep: palatial intervention in farming and
its implications for rural society’. In S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds) Economy and
Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States (Cambridge Philological Society supplementary
volume 27), 38-50.
Halstead, P. and J. Barrett (eds) 2004. Food, Cuisine and Society in Prehistoric Greece.
(especially papers by Bendall, Halstead and Isaakidou, and Wright).
Hooker, J.T. 1984. ‘Minoan and Mycenaean administration: a comparison of the Knossos
and Pylos archives’. In R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds) The Function of the Minoan
Palaces, 313-6.
21
Hruby, J. 2013. Crafts, specialist and markets in Mycenaean Greece. The Palace of Nestor,
craft production and mechanisms for the transfer of goods. AJA 117:423-27.
Killen, J.T. 1985. ‘The Linear B tablets and the Mycenaean economy’, in A. Morpurgo
Davies and Y. Duhoux (eds) Linear B: A 1984 Survey, 241-305.
Killen, J.T. 2006. ‘The subjects of the wanax: aspects of Mycenaean social structure.’ In S.
Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the
Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh:87-99.
Killen, J.T. 2007. ‘Cloth production in Late Bronze Age Greece: the documentary evidence’.
In C. Gillis and M.-L. Nosch (eds) Ancient Textiles. Production, craft and society, 50-8.
Lupack, S. 2011. A View from Outside the Palace: The Sanctuary and the Damos in
Mycenaean Economy and Society. AJA 115:207-17.
Nakassis, D. 2010. Reevaluating staple and wealth finance at Mycenaean Pylos. In D.
Pullen (ed.) Political economies of the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford:127-48.
Palaima, T. 1987. ‘Comments on Mycenaean literacy’, Minos 20-2:499-510.
Palaima, T. 1990. ‘Origin, development, transition and transformation: the purposes and
techniques of administration in Minoan and Mycenaean society’. In T. Palaima (ed.)
Aegean seals, sealings and administration. (Aegaeum 5), 83-99.
Palaima, T. 2003. ‘Archaeology and text: decipherment, translation and interpretation’. In
J. Papadopoulos and R. Leventhal (eds) Theory and Practice in Mediterranean
Archaeology: Old World and New World Perspectives, 45-73.
Palaima, T. and E. Sikkenga 1999. ‘Linear A > Linear B’. In P.P. Betancourt, V.
Karageorghis, R. Laffineur, and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Meletemata (Aegaeum 20), 599608.
Parkinson, W., D. Nakassis and M. Galaty. 2013. Crafts, specialist and markets in
Mycenaean Greece. Introduction. AJA 117:413-22.
Pullen, D. 2013. ‘Crafts, specialist and markets in Mycenaean Greece. Exchanging the
Mycenaean economy.’ AJA 117:437-45.
Schon, R. 2007. Chariots, industry and elite power at Pylos. In, M.L. Galaty and W.A.
Parkinson (eds.) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II:133-45.
Shelmerdine, C. 2006. ‘Mycenaean palatial administration.’ In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I.
Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer.
(Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press:73-86.
Shelmerdine, C. 2008. ‘Mycenaean society.’ In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies (eds) A
Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 1. (Bibliothèque
des cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 120). Leuven: Peeters:115-158.
Shelmerdine, C. 2013. Crafts, specialists and markets in Mycenaean Greece. Economic
interplay among households and states. AJA 117:447-52.
van Alfen, P. 2008. The Linear B inscribed vases. In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies
(eds) A Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 1.
(Bibliothèque des cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 120). Leuven:235-42.
Ventris, M. and J. Chadwick. 1973. Documents in Mycenaean Greek (2nd edition).
Whitelaw, T. 2001. ‘Reading between the tablets: assessing Mycenaean palatial involvement
in ceramic production and consumption’ in S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds) Economy and
Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States (Cambridge Philological Society supplementary
volume 27), 51-79.
Mycenaean religion:
Bendall, L. 2001. ‘The economics of Potnia in the Linear B documents: palatial support for
Mycenaean religion’ in R. Laffineur and R. Hägg (eds) POTNIA: Deities and Religion in the
Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 22), 45-52.
Bendall, L. 2007. Economics of Religion in the Mycenaean World. Resources Dedicated to
Religion in the Mycenaean Palace Economy. (Oxford University School of Archaeology
Monograph 67). Oxford.
Chadwick, J. 1985. ‘What do we know about Mycenaean religion?’. In A. Morpurgo Davies
and Y. Duhoux (eds) Linear B: A 1984 Survey, 191-202. TC 150; Institute of Classical
Studies X 102F MOR.
Hägg, R. 1997. ‘State and religion in Mycenaean Greece’. In R. Laffineur and W-D.
Niemeier (eds) POLITEIA: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 12),
387-92.
22
Hiller, S. 2011. Mycenaean religion and cult. In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies (eds) A
Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 2 (Bibliothèque
des Cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 127) Leuven:169-211.
Lupack, S. 2007. ‘Palaces, sanctuaries, and workshops: the role of the religious sector in
Mycenaean economics.’ In M. Galaty and W. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean
Palaces II, second ed. (Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA Monograph 60). Los
Angeles: University of California:54-65.
Lupack, S. 2008. The Role of the Religious Sector in the Economy of Late Bronze Age
Mycenaean Greece. (BAR-IS 1858). Oxford.
Lupack, S. 2010. ‘Mycenaean Religion.’ In E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze
Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:263-76.
Mylonas, G.E. 1982. ‘The cult centre of Mycenae’, Proceedings of the British Academy
67:307-20.
Peatfield, A.A.D. 1994. ‘After the ‘big bang’ — what? or Minoan symbols and shrines beyond
palatial collapse’ in S.E. Alcock and R. Osborne (eds) Placing the Gods: Sanctuaries and
Sacred Space in Ancient Greece, 19-36.
Renfrew, A.C. 1985. The Archaeology of Cult: The Sanctuary at Phylakopi, especially
Preface and Introduction.
Wright, J. 1994. ‘The spatial configuration of belief: the archaeology of Mycenaean religion’.
In S.E. Alcock and R. Osborne (eds) Placing the Gods: Sanctuaries and Sacred Space in
Ancient Greece, 37-78.
Seminar 8: 28 November
The Mycenaean Aegean and its neighbours.
How did the mainland core of the Mycenaean palatial world relate to other parts of the
Aegean? This involves several different issues. One is the ‘Mycenaeanisation’ of much of the
island Aegean, and the question of the nature of Final Palatial and Post-palatial Crete in the
period of the Linear B archives (Seminar 5). Another is relations with non-palatial societies
in the north and west Aegean, which maintained quite different ways of life. Finally, there
were differing degrees of contact and cultural imports/adoptions with Troy, Miletus and
other west Anatolian urban communities, behind which lie distant links even further east,
with the Hittite empire.
Essential
Bennet, J. 2011. ‘The geography of the Mycenaean kingdoms.’ In Y. Duhoux and A.
Morpurgo Davies (eds). A Companion to Linear B Mycenaean Greek Texts and their
World, Vol. 2. Louvain-la-Neuve:137-168. MAIN Comp. Phil. B 25 DUH.
Tartaron, T. 2010. ‘Between and beyond: political economy in the non-palatial Mycenaean
worlds.’ In D. Pullen (ed.) Political economies of the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford: Oxbow
Books:161-83. IoA Issue Desk PUL 2.
Feuer, B. 2011. ‘Being Mycenaean: A View from the Periphery.’ AJA 115:507-36. IoA Pers;
eJournals.
Easton, D.F., J.D. Hawkins, A.G. Sherratt and E.S. Sherratt 2002. ‘Troy in recent
perspective’, Anatolian Studies 52:75-109. IoA Pers.
Niemeier, W.-D. 2005. ‘Minoans, Mycenaeans, Hittites and Ionians in Western Asia Minor:
New Excavations in Bronze Age Miletus-Millawanda.’ In A. Villing (ed.) The Greeks in the
East. (British Museum Research Publication 157). London:1-36. IoA DBA 100 Qto VIL.
Recommended
Adrimi-Sismani, V. 2007. ‘Mycenaean northern borders revisited. New evidence from
Thessaly’. In M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II.
159-77.
Andreou, S. 2001. ‘Exploring the patterns of power in the Bronze Age settlements of
northern Greece;. In K. Branigan (ed.) Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age (Sheffield
Studies in Aegean Archaeology 4), 160-73.
Andreou, S., M. Fotiades and K. Kotsakis 1996. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory V: The
Neolithic and Bronze Age of northern Greece’, American Journal of Archaeology 100:
537-97 (also in T. Cullen [ed.] 2001 Aegean Prehistory: A Review, 259-327).
23
Bennet, J. 1995. Space Through Time: Diachronic Perspectives on the Spatial Organization
of the Pylian State. In R. Laffineur and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Politeia: Society and State
in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 12) Liège:587-602.
Bennet, J. 1999. The Mycenaean Conceptualization of Space or Pylian Geography (...Yet
Again!). In S. Deger-Jalkotzy, S. Hiller and O. Panagl (eds) Floreant Studia Mycenaea.
Band I. Wien:131-57.
Broodbank, C., E. Kiriatzi and J.B. Rutter 2005. ‘From pharaoh’s feet to the slave-women of
Pylos? The history and cultural dynamics of Kythera in the third palace period’. In A.
Dakouri-Hild and E. S. Sherratt (eds) Ace High: Studies Presented to Oliver Dickinson on
the Occasion of His Retirement. Oxford:70-96.
Bryce, T. 2003. ‘Relations between Hatti and Ahhiyawa in the last decades of the Bronze
Age’. In G. Beckman, R. Beal and G. McMahon (eds) Hittite studies in honor of Harry A.
Hoffner Jr., 59-72.
Byrce, T. 2005. The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Byrce, T. 2002. Life and Society in th Hittite World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bryce, T. 2005. The Trojans and Their Neighbours. London: Routledge.
Cline, E. 1996. ‘Assuwa and the Achaeans: the “Mycenaean” sword at Hattusas and its
possible implications’, Annual of the British School at Athens 91: 137-151.
Cline, E. 2008. ‘Troy as a 'Contested Periphery': Archaeological Perspectives on CrossCultural and Cross-Disciplinary Interactions Concerning Bronze Age Anatolia.’ In B. J.
Collins, M. Bachvarova and I. Rutherford (eds) Anatolian Interfaces: Hittites, Greeks and
Their Neighbours. Oxford:11-19. IoA DBC 100 COL.
Cline, E. 2013. The Trojan War: a very short introduction. New York: Oxford Universitty
Press.
Earle, J. 2012. A Cycladic perspective on Mycenaean long-distance exchanges. JMA 25:325.
Jablonka, P. 2010. Troy. In E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean
(ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:849-61.
Jablonka, P. and C.B. Rose. 2004. Late Bronze Age Troy: A Response to Frank Kolb. AJA
108:615-30.
Kilian, K. 1990. Mycenaean colonization: norm and variety. In J.-P. Descoeudres (ed.)
Greek colonists and native populations. Oxford:445-67.
Kiriatzi, E., S. Andreou, S. Dimitriadis and K. Kotsakis 1997. ‘Co-existing traditions:
handmade and wheelmade pottery in Late Bronze Age Central Macedonia’. In R. Laffineur
and P.P. Betancourt (eds) TEHNI: Craftsmen, Craftswomen and Craftsmanship in the
Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 16), 275-89.
Kolb, F. 2004. ‘Troy VI: a trading centre and commercial city’, AJA 108:577-614.
Korfmann, M. 1995. ‘Troia: a residential and trading city at the Dardanelles’. In W.-D.
Niemeier & R. Laffineur (eds) Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age
(Aegaeum 12), 173-184.
Mee, C.M. 1998. ‘Anatolia and the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age’. In E. Cline and D. HarrisCline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium (Aegaeum 18), 137-148.
Mee, C. 2008. ‘Mycenaean Greece, the Aegean and beyond’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The
Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 362-86.
Mountjoy, P.-A. 1998. The East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface in the Late Bronze Age:
Mycenaeans and the Kingdom of Ahhiyawa. Anatolian Studies 48:33-67.
Niemeier, W.-D. 1998. The Mycenaeans in Western Anatolia and the problem of the origins
of the Sea Peoples,’ in S. Gitin, A. Mazar and E. Stern (eds) Mediterranean peoples in
transition. Thirteenth to early tenth centuries BCE, 17-65.
Niemeier, W.-D. 1999. ‘Mycenaeans and Hittites in war in Asia Minor’. In R. Laffineur (ed.)
Polemos: le contexte guerrier en Egée à l’âge du bronze (Aegaeum 19), 141-55.
Niemeier, W.-D. 2005. ‘The Minoans and Mycenaeans in Western Asia Minor: settlement,
emporia or acculturation?’. In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the
Central and Eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25) 199-204.
Pantou, P. 2010. Mycenaean Dimini in Context: Investigating Regional Variability and
Socioeconomic Complexities in Late Bronze Age Greece. AJA 114:381-401.
Preston, L. 2004. ‘A mortuary perspective on political changes in Late Minoan II-IIIB Crete’,
American Journal of Archaeology 108:321-48.
Pullen, D. and T. Tartaron. 2007. Where's the Palace? The Absence of State Formation in
Late Bronze Age Corinthia. In M. Galaty and W. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean
24
Palaces II (Revised and expanded second ed.) (Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA
Monograph 60) Los Angeles:146-58.
Schallin, A.-L. 1993. Islands Under Influence: The Cyclades in the Late Bronze Age and the
Nature of the Mycenaean Presence (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 111).
Schallin, A. -L. 1998. The Nature of Mycenaean Presence and Peer Polity Interaction in the
Late Bronze Age Cyclades. In L. Mendoni and A. Mazarakis Ainian (eds) Kea-Kythnos:
History and Archaeology. (Meletimata 27) Athens:175-87.
Tartaron, T. 2005. Glykys Limin and the discontinuous Mycenaean periphery. In, R.
Laffineur and E. Greco (eds.).
Emporia.
Aegeans in the Central and Eastern
Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25.) Leige:153-60.
Studia Troica, a series containing abundant information on the recent excavations at Troy.
Wright, J.C. 1984. ‘Umpiring the Mycenaean empire’, Temple University Aegean Symposium
9:58-70.
Seminar 9: 5 December
Late Bronze Age Aegean trade in the east and central Mediterranean.
Mycenaean interaction continues earlier Minoan traditions but also develops in dramatic new
ways, in terms of new regions, types of exchange systems, the materials exchanged, and
the volume of material traded. The development of Cyprus as an urban society reconfigured
eastern Mediterranean metal supply mechanisms and trading patterns, and its changing
entrepreneurial role had significant effects on Mycenaean trade.
For the first time,
shpiwrecks also provide direct evidence for the mechanisms of transfer.
Essential
Sherratt, A. and S. Sherratt. 1998. ‘Small Worlds: Interaction and Identity in the Ancient
Mediterranean.’ In E. Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the
Second Millennium. (Aegaeum 18). Liège: 329-43.IoA Issue Desk CLI
Cline, E. 2009. ‘Bronze Age Interactions between the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean
Revisited: Mainstream, Periphery, or Margin?’ In W. Parkinson and M. Galaty (eds)
Archaic State Interaction: The Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Santa Fe:16180. IoA Issue Desk PAR 10
Bevan, A. 2010. ‘Making and marking relationships.
Bronze Age brandings and
Mediterranean commodities.’ In A. Bevan and D. Wengrow (eds) Cultures of Commodity
Branding. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press:35-85. IoA AH BEV.
Schon, R. 2009. ‘Think Locally, Act Globally: Mycenaean Elites and the Late Bronze Age
World-System.’ In W. Parkinson and M. Galaty (eds) Archaic State Interaction: The
Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Santa Fe:213-36. IoA Issue Desk PAR 10
Vagnetti, L. 2005. ‘Mycenaean pottery in the central Mediterranean: imports, imitations
and derivatives.’ In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the cenral and
eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25) Liege:539-45. IoA Issue Desk LAF 10.
Recommended
Barber, E.J.W. 1991. Prehistoric Textiles (especially Chapter 15).
Bell, C. 2005. ‘Wheels within wheels? A view of Mycenaean trade from the Levantine
emporia’. In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia: Aegeans in the Central and Eastern
Mediterranean (Aegaeum 25), 363-9.
Bell, C. 2009. Continuity and change: the divergent destinies of Late Bronze Age ports in
Syria and Lebanon across the LBA/Iron Age transition. In C. Bachhuber and R.G. Roberts
(eds) Forces of Transformation. The end of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean.
Oxford:30-8.
Bell, C. 2012. The merchants of Ugarit: oligarchs of the Late Bronze Age trade in metals? In
V. Kassianidou and G. Papasavvas (eds) Eastern Mediterranean Metallurgy and Metalwork
in the Second Millennium BC: A conference in honour of James D. Muhly. Oxford:18087.
Bevan, A. 2003. 'Reconstructing the role of Egyptian culture in the value regimes of the
Bronze Age Aegean: stone vessels and their social contexts.' In R. Matthews and C.
Roemer (eds) Ancient Perspectives on Egypt. London:57-74.
Bevan, A.H. 2007. Stone Logics: Vessels and Values in the Bronze Age East Mediterranean.
Cambridge.
25
Broodbank, C. 2010. ''Ships a-sail from over the rim of the sea': voyaging, sailing and
the making of Mediterranean societies c. 3500-800 BC.’ In A. Anderson, J.H. Barrett
and K. Boyle (eds) The Global Origins of Seafaring. (McDonald Institute Monographs)
Cambridge:249-64.
Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames and Hudson.
Byrce, T. 2005. The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Byrce, T. 2002. Life and Society in th Hittite World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bryce, T. 2005. The Trojans and Their Neighbours. London: Routledge.
Bryce, T. 2014. Ancient Syria: a three thousand year history. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Beckman, G., T. Bryce and E. Cline. 2011. The Ahhiyawa Texts. Atlanta: Society of
Biblical Literature.
Buxeda i Garrigós, J., R. Jones, V. Kilikoglou, S. Levi, Y. Maniatis, J. Mitchell, L. Vagnetti, K.
Wardle and S. Andreou. 2003. Technology transfer at the periphery of the Mycenaean
world: the cases of Mycenaean pottery found in central Macedonia (Greece) and the Plain
of Sybaris (Italy). Archaeometry 45:263-84.
Burns, B. 2010. Mycenaean Greece, Mediterranean Commerce and the Formation of
Identity. Cambridge.
Cline, E. 2005. 'The multivalent nature of imported objects in the ancient Mediterranean
world.' In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) 2005. Emporia. Aegeans in the Central and
Eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25) Liège:45-52.
Cline, E. 2007. Rethinking Mycenaean international trade with Egypt and the Near East. In
M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II, 190-200.
Cline, E. 2009. Sailing the Wine-Dark Sea: International Trade and the Late Bronze Age
Aegean (second ed.). (BAR IS 591). Oxford.
Cline, E.H. and D. Harris-Cline (eds) 1998. The Aegean and the Orient in the Second
Millennium (Aegaeum 18).
Feldman, M. 2006. Diplomacy by Design: Luxury Arts and an ‘International Style’ in the
Ancient Near East, 1400-1200 BCE.
Feldman, M. and C. Sauvage. 2010. Objects of prestige? Chariots in the Late Bronze Age
Eastern Mediterranean and Near East. Egypt and the Levant 20:67-181.
Gale, N. (ed.) 1991. Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean (Studies in Mediterranean
Archaeology 90).
Gale, N. and Z.A. Stos-Gale 1999. ‘Copper oxhide ingots and the Aegean metals trade:
new perspectives’. In P.P. Betancourt, V. Karageorghis, R. Laffineur, and W.-D. Niemeier
(eds) Meletemata (Aegaeum 20), 267-77.
Hirschfeld, N. 2009. The many ways and means between Late Bronze Age Aegeans and
Levants. In A.-M. Maila-Afeiche (ed.) Interconnections in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Lebanon in the Bronze and Iron Ages. (Baal VI). Beirut:285-94.
Jasink, A.M. 2005. Mycenaean means of communication and diplomatic relations with
foreign royal courts. In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the central
and eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25). Liege:59-68.
Killibrew, A. 1998. ‘Aegean and Aegean-style material culture in Canaan during the 14th12th centuries BC: trade, colonisation, diffusion or migration?’. In E. Cline and D. HarrisCline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium (Aegaeum 18), 159-169.
Knapp, A.B. 1998. 'Mediterranean Bronze Age trade: distance, power and place.' In E.
Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium.
(Aegaeum 18) Liège:193-210.
Knapp, A.B. 2008. Prehistoric and Protohistoric Cyprus: Identity, Insularity, and
Connectivity.
Knapp, B. 2009. Migration, hybridisation and collapse: Bronze Age Cyprus and the Eastern
Mediterranean. Scienze dell'antichità: Storia archeologia antropologia 15:219-39.
Knapp, B. 2013. The Archaeology of Cyprus: From Earliest Prehistory through the Bronze
Age. Cambridge.
Laffineur, R. and E. Greco (eds) 2005. Emporia: Aegeans in the Central and Eastern
Mediterranean (Aegaeum 25).
Liverani, M. 2001. International Relations in the Ancient Near East, 1600-1100 BC.
Liverani, M. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Abingdon:
Routledge.
Lo Schiavo, F., J. Muhly, R. Maddin and A. Giumlia-Mair (eds) 2009. Oxhide Ingots in the
Central Mediterranean. (Biblioteca di Antichità Cipriote 8) Roma.
26
Manning, S.W. and L. Hulin. 2005. ‘Maritime commerce and geographies of mobility in the
Late Bronze Age of the eastern Mediterranean: problematizations’. In E. Blake and A. B.
Knapp (eds). The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory, 270-302.
Mee, C. 2008. ‘Mycenaean Greece, the Aegean and beyond’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The
Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 362-86.
Monroe, C. 2009. Scales of Fate: Trade, Tradition and Transformation in the Eastern
Mediterranean, ca. 1350-1175 BCE. Münster.
Monroe, C. 2010. ‘Sunk costs at Late Bronze Age Uluburun’, Bulletin of the American
Schools of Oriental Research 357:19-33.
Morris, S. 2003. Islands in the sea: Aegean polities as Levantine neighbors. In W. Dever
and S. Gitin (eds) Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past. Winona Lake:3-15.
Panagiotopoulos, D. 2001. 'Keftiu in context: Theban tomb-paintings as a historical
source.' Oxford Journal of Archaeology 20:263-83.
Parkinson, W. and M. Galaty (eds) 2009. Archaic State Interaction: The Eastern
Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Santa Fe.
Pulak, C. 1998. ‘The Uluburun shipwreck: an overview’, International Journal of Nautical
Archaeology and Underwater Excavation 27:188-224.
Pulak, C. 2001. ‘The cargo of the Uluburun ship and evidence for trade with the Aegean
and beyond’. In L. Bonifante and V. Karageorghis (eds) Italy and Cyprus in antiquity:
1500-450 BC., 13-60.
Sherratt, A. and S. Sherratt 1991. ‘From luxuries to commodities: the nature of
Mediterranean Bronze Age trading systems’. In N.H. Gale (ed.) Bronze Age Trade in the
Mediterranean (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 90), 351-86.
Sherratt, A. and S. Sherratt. 2001. ‘Technological change in the east Mediterranean Late
Bronze Age: capital, resources and marketing.’ In A.J. Shortland (ed.) The Social Context
of Technological Change: Egypt and the Near East 1650-1550 BC. Oxford:15-38.
Sherratt, S. 1999. ‘E pur si muove: pots, markets and values in the second millennium
Mediterranean’. In J.P. Crielaard, V. Stissi and G.J. van Wijngaarden (eds), The Complex
Past of Pottery: Production, Circulation and Consumption of Mycenaean and Greek
Pottery, 163-211.
Sherratt, S. 2009. The Aegean and the Wider World: Some Thoughts on a World-Systems
Perspective. In W. Parkinson and M. Galaty (eds) Archaic State Interaction: The Eastern
Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Santa Fe:81-106.
Shortland, A.J. (ed.) 2001. The Social Context of Technological Change: Egypt and the Near
East, 1650-1550 BC.
Steel, L. 2013. Materiality and Consumption in the Bronze Age Mediterranean. Abingdon:
Routledge.
Stos-Gale, Z. 2000. 'Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean: an overview of lead
isotope data for provenance studies.' In C. Pare (ed.) Metals Make the World Go Round.
Oxford:56-69.
Tartaron, T. 2013. Maritime Networks in the Mycenaean World. Cambridge.
Vagnetti, L. 1999. ‘Mycenaean pottery in the central Mediterranean; imports and local
production in their context’. In J. P. Crielaard, V. Stissi, and G. J. van Wijngaarden (eds),
The Complex Past of Pottery, 137-61.
Van de Mieroop, M. 2007 A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC. Oxford:
Blackwell.
Van de Mieroop, M. 2007. The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramesses II. Oxfrod:
Blackwell.
van Wijngaarden, G.-J. 1999. ‘An archaeological approach to the concept of value:
Mycenaean pottery at Ugarit (Syria)’, Archaeological Dialogues 1999:2-40.
van Wijngaarden, G.-J. 2002. Use and Appreciation of Mycenaean Pottery in the Levant,
Cyprus and Italy (1600-1200 BC).
Vianello, A. 2005. Late Bronze Age Mycenaean and Italic Products in the West
Mediterranean: A Social and Economic Analysis (BAR International Series 1439). Oxford.
Voskos, I and B. Knap. 2008. Cyprus at the end of the Late Bronze Age: crisis and
colonization or continuity and hybridization? AJA 112:659-84.
Wachsmann, S. 1987. Aegeans in the Theban Tombs. (Chapters 1, 6-7.)
Wachsmann, S. 1998. Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant.
Yalcin, U., C. Pulak and R. Slotta (eds) 2005. Das Schiff von Uluburun. Bochum.
27
Seminar 10: 12 December
The end of the Bronze Age: collapse, transformation, and the relevance of epic.
The late 13th and 12th centuries BC saw widespread transformations, in certain cases
involving political collapse, across the Aegean and east Mediterranean. The causes for the
‘ending’ of the Bronze Age, and indeed whether a universal cause should be sought across
the entire region, are hotly debated. New perspectives are also emerging on Early Iron Age
societies in the Aegean, and the place within such processes of oral epic and the
construction of memories of a heroic past.
Essential
Deger-Jalkotzy, S. 2008. ‘Decline, destruction, aftermath’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The
Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 387-415. IoA Issue Desk SHE 16; DAG
100 SHE.
Sherratt, S. 2001. ‘Potemkin palaces and route-based economies’. In S. Voutsaki and J.T.
Killen (eds)
Economy and Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States (Cambridge
Philological Society Supplement 27), 214-238. IoA Issue Desk VOU; IoA DAE 100 VOU;
Main: LINGUISTICS Journals.
Maran, J. 2009. ‘The crisis years? Reflections on signs of instability in the last decades of
the Mycenaean palaces.’ Scienze dell'antichità: Storia archeologia antropologia 15:24162 (available on www.Academia.edu).
Sherratt, S.
1998.
‘”Sea peoples” and the economic structure of the late second
millennium in the Eastern Mediterranean’. In S. Gitin, A. Mazar and E. Stern (eds)
Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE, 92-313.
IoA TC 2183; IoA Issue Desk GIT.
Bennet, J. 1997. ‘Homer and the Bronze Age’. In I. Morris and B. Powell (eds) A New
Companion to Homer, 511-34. IoA TC 2418; Main: CLASSICS GN 10 MOR.
Recommended
Bennet, J. 2004. ‘Iconographies of value: words, people and things in the Late Bronze Age
Aegean’. In J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds) The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited
(Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 6), 90-106.
Carter, J.B. and S.M. Morris (eds) 1995. The Ages of Homer.
Cline, E. 2013. The Trojan War: a very short introduction. New York: Oxford Universitty
Press.
Deger-Jalkotzy, S. and I. Lemos (eds) 2006. Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces
to the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh.
Dickinson, O. 2006. The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age: Continuity and Change
Between the Twelfth and Eighth Centuries BC.
Dickinson, O. 2006. The Mycenaean heritage of Early Iron Age Greece. In S. Deger-Jalkotzy
and I. Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer.
(Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh:115-22.
Dothan, T. and M. Dothan 1992. The People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines.
Foxhall, L. 1995. ‘Bronze to iron: agricultural systems and political structures in Late Bronze
Age and Early Iron Age Greece’, Annual of the British School at Athens 90:239-50.
Liverani, M. 1985. ‘The collapse of the Near Eastern regional system at the end of the
Bronze Age: the case of Syria’. In M. Rowlands, M. Larsen and K. Kristiansen (eds)
Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, 66-73.
Maran, J. 2006. Coming to terms with the past: ideology and power in Late Helladic IIIC. In
S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to
the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh:123-50.
Maran, J. 2011. Contested pasts - the society of the 12th c. BCE Argolid and the memory of
the Mycenaean palatial period. In W. Gauss, M. Lindblom, R.A. Smith and J. Wright (eds)
Our cups are full: pottery and society in the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford:169-78.
McAnany, P. and N. Yoffee (eds) 2010. Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience, Ecological
Vulnerability and the Aftermath of Empire.
Morris, I. 1986. ‘The use and abuse of Homer’, Classical Antiquity 5: 81-138.
Morris, S. and R. Laffineur (eds) 2007. Epos: Reconsidering Greek Epic and Aegean Bronze
Age Archaeology (Aegaeum 28).
28
Niemeier, W.-D. 1998. The Mycenaeans in Western Anatolia and the problem of the origins
of the Sea Peoples,’ in S. Gitin, A. Mazar and E. Stern (eds) Mediterranean peoples in
transition. Thirteenth to early tenth centuries BCE, 17-65.
Raaflaub, K. 2006. Historical approaches to Homer. In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds)
Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis
Studies 3). Edinburgh:449-62.
Routledge, B. and K. McGeough. 2009. Just what collapsed? A network perspective on
'palatial' and 'private' trade at Ugarit. In C. Bachhuber and R.G. Roberts (eds) Forces of
Transformation. The end of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean. Oxford:22-29.
Rutter, J.B. 1992. Cultural novelties in the post-palatial Aegean world: indices of vitality
or decline?. In W.A. Ward and M.S. Joukowsky (eds) The Crisis Years: The 12th
Century BC From Beyond the Danube to the Tigris, 61-78.
Schwartz, G. and J. Nichols (eds) 2006. After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex
Societies.
Shear, I.M. 2004. Kingship in the Mycenaean world and its reflection in the oral tradition.
Philadelphia.
Sherratt, S. 1990. ‘”Reading the texts’’: archaeology and the Homeric question’, Antiquity
64:807-24.
Sherratt, S. 1994. ‘Commerce, iron and ideology: metallurgical innovation in 12th- 11th
century Cyprus’. In V. Karageorghis (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium:
Cyprus in the 11th Century BC, 59-106.
Sherratt, S. 2000. ‘Circulation of metals and the end of the Bronze Age in the eastern
Mediterranean’. In C. Pare (ed.) Metals Make the World Go Round: The Supply and
Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe, 82-98.
Sherratt, S. 2003. ‘The Mediterranean economy: ‘globalization’ at the end of the second
millennium B.C.E.’ in W. Dever and S. Gitin (eds) Symbiosis, symbolism and the power of
the past. Winona Lake:37-62.
Sherratt, S. 2010. The Trojan war: history or bricolage? BICS 53:1-18.
Sherratt, S. and A. Sherratt 1993. ‘The growth of the Mediterranean economy in the early
first millennium BC’, World Archaeology 24:361-78.
Silberman, N. 1998. The Sea Peoples, the Victorians, and Us: Modern Social Ideology and
Changing Archaeological Interpretations of the Late Bronze Age Collapse. In S. Gitin, A.
Mazar and E. Stern (eds) Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth
Centuries BCE. In Honor of Professor Trude Dothan. Jerusalem:268-75.
Voskos, I and B. Knap. 2008. Cyprus at the end of the Late Bronze Age: crisis and
colonization or continuity and hybridization? AJA 112:659-84.
Ward, W.A. and M.S. Joukowsky (eds) The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. From
Beyond the Danube to the Tigris.
Yasur-Landau, A. 2010. The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze
Age.
Yoffee, N. and G.L. Cowgill (eds) 1988. The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations.
4 On-line and other resources
Course administration
Further important information relating to all courses at the Institute of Archaeology is to be
found on the Institute website and in your degree handbook. It is your responsibility to read
and if relevant act on it.
On-line support
The on-line Moodle site for this course (accessed as ARCLG196) will eventually have the
course handbook, the Powerpoints used in the seminars, Powerpoints used in the past in
parallel undergraduate lectures, which assemble a wide range of relevant images, and pdfs
of less readily accessible essential readings. Please use normal e-mail, not via Moodle, for
communication with the Course Co-ordinator.
Intercollegiate students should contact the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington
<j.medrington@ucl.ac.uk>; room 411a) to be registered for a college IS username and
password to be able to access on-line resources.
29
General resources
The following information can help you to become familiar with the scope of the subject and
some of the questions and sites that we shall be exploring, and help you explore more
widely in the field.
Introductory volumes:
Warren, P.M. 1989. The Aegean Civilisations (revised edition; short book-length introduction). Issue
desk WAR; DAG 10 Qto WAR; YATES Qto A 22 WAR
Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age (long the standard textbook, organised by themes
rather than periods). IoA Issue Desk DIC; DAE 100 DIC.
Fitton, J.L. 2002. Minoans. London: British Museum. DAG 14 FIT.
Bennet, J. 2014. A Short History of the Minoans. London: I.B. Tauris On order.
Schofield, L. 2007. The Mycenaeans. London: British Museum. DAE 100 SCH.
Runnels, C. and P. Murray. 2001. Greece Before History: An Archaeological Companion and Guide.
[DAE 100 RUN]
Bintliff, J.L. 2012. The Complete Archaeology of Greece. From hunter-gatherers to the 20th century
A.D. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. DAE 100 BIN. An overview of the broader chrconological context.
Recent short surveys of the field
Bennet, J. 2007. ‘The Aegean Bronze Age.’ in W. Scheidel, I. Morris and R. Saller (eds) The Cambridge
Economic History of the Greco-Roman World:175-210. [TC 3635; Main ANCIENT HISTORY M 64
SCH]
Tartaron, T. 2008. ‘Aegean prehistory as world archaeology: recent trends in the archaeology of
Bronze Age Greece.’ Journal of Archaeological Research 16: 83-161. [INST ARCH Pers; <www>]
Historiographical surveys
Fitton, J.L. 1995. The Discovery of the Greek Bronze Age. [DAE 100 FIT]
McDonald, W.A. and C. Thomas 1990. Progress into the Past: The Rediscovery of Mycenaean
Civilization. (2nd edition.) [DAG 100 MAC]
Cherry, J.F., D. Margomenou and L. Talalay (eds) 2005. Prehistorians Round the Pond: Reflections on
Aegean Prehistory as a Discipline.
Darcque, P., Fotiadis, M, and O. Polychronopoulou (eds) 2006. Mythos. La préhistoire égéene du
XIXe au XXIe siècle après J.-C. (Bulletin de Correspondance Hellenique Supplement 46.) Athens.
Hamilakis, Y. and N. Momigliano (eds) 2006. Archaeology and European Modernity. Producing and
consuming the Minoans. (Creta Antica 7.) Padua.
Recent handbooks
Cline, E. (ed.) 2010. The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:
OUP. [ISSUE DESK IoA CLI 2]
Shelmerdine, C. (ed.) 2008. The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge: CUP.
[ISSUE DESK IoA SHE 16; DAG 100 SHE]
Collections of high-quality photographs of Aegean material culture and sites:
Buchholz, H.-G. and V. Karageorghis 1973. Prehistoric Greece and Cyprus: An Archaeological
Handbook. [DAG 100 BUC]
Marinatos, S. and M. Hirmer 1960. Crete and Mycenae. [DAG 100 Qto MAR]
Myers, J.W., E.E. Myers and G. Cadogan 1992. The Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete. [DAG 14 Qto MYE;
YATES Qto E 10 MYE]
Surveys of Aegean art and related material
Betancourt, P. 2007. Introduction to Aegean Art. [DAG 300 BET]
Doumas, C. 1992. The Wall Paintings of Thera. [ISSUE DESK IoA THE]
Higgins, R. 1997. Minoan and Mycenaean Art. [YATES A 22 HIG]
Krzyszkowska, O. 2005. Aegean Seals: An Introduction. [ISSUE DESK IoA KRZ; INST ARCH KG KRZ]]
Preziosi, D. and L.A. Hitchcock 1999. Aegean Art and Architecture. [DAG 100 PRE]
McEnroe, John C. 2010. Architecture of Minoan Crete: Constructing Identity in the Aegean Bronze Age.
Austin: University of Texas Press. [INST ARCH DAG 14 Qto MCE]
Poursat, Jean-Claude. 2008. L'art égéen,. Volume 1: Grèce, Cyclades, Crète jusqu'au milieu du IIe
millénaire av. J.-C. Les manuels d'art d'archéologie antiques Paris: Picard. [INST ARCH DAG 100
Qto POU]
Pottery handbooks
Betancourt, P. 1985. The History of Minoan Pottery. [DAG 14 BET; YATES Qtos P 20 BET]
Momigliano, N. (ed.) 2007. Knossos Pottery Handbook. Neolithic and Bronze Age (Minoan). [DAG 14
Qto MOM]
Macdonald, C. and C. Knappett (eds.) Intermezzo: intermediacy and regeneration in Middle Minoan III
palatial Crete. Athens: British School at Athens. [INST ARCH DAG 14 Qto MAC]
30
Brogan, T. and E. Hallager (eds.) 2011. LMIB pottery: relative chronology and regional differences.
Athens: Danish Institute at Athens. [INST ARCH DAG 14 BRO]
Hallager, E. and B. Hallager (eds.) 1997. Late Minoan III pottery: chronology and terminology.
Athens: Danish Institute at Athens. [YATES Qto P 20 HAL]
Mountjoy, P.-A. 1999. Regional Mycenaean Decorated Pottery. Rahden: Marie Leidorf. [INST ARCH
DAE Qto MOU]
Mountjoy, P.-A. 1993. Mycenaean Pottery: an introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for
Archaeology. [INST ARCH DAG 300 MOU]
Mountjoy, P.-A. 1986. Mycenaean Decorated Pottery: a guide to identification. Goteborg: Astroms
Forlag. [INST ARCH DAG Qto Series STU 73]
The following UK museums have major holdings of prehistoric Aegean material:
• British Museum: the Aegean gallery to the left of the main entrance, past the shop and coat check.
• Ashmolean Museum, Oxford: excellent collections, based on Arthur Evans' personal collection,
recently re-displayed.
• Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge: more modest but useful if you are in the area.
• In addition, there is a small collection of material held within the Institute, some on display in the
Leventis Gallery on the ground floor.
Additional resources on the prehistoric Aegean
The American Journal of Archaeology published seven reviews of Aegean prehistory, region-by-region.
These are excellent sources of information and have been brought together and importantly, each updated with an addendum. In T. Cullen (ed.) 2001 Aegean Prehistory: A Review (American Journal of
Archaeology Supplement 1) [ISSUE DESK CUL 4; DAG 100 CUL]. The original individual reviews are
listed below, and can be accessed in the journal [STORES], or via eJournals.
Davis, J.L. 1992. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory I: The islands of the Aegean.’ American Journal of
Archaeology 96:699-756. TC 500.
Rutter, J.B. 1993. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory II: The prepalatial Bronze Age of the southern and
central Greek mainland.’ American Journal of Archaeology 97:745-97. TC 538.
Watrous, L.V. 1994. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory III: Crete from earliest prehistory through the
Protopalatial period.’ American Journal of Archaeology 98:695-753.
Runnels, C. 1995. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory IV: The Stone Age of Greece from the Palaeolithic to
the advent of the Neolithic.’ American Journal of Archaeology 99:699-728.
Andreou, S., M. Fotiadis and K. Kotsakis 1996. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory V: The Neolithic and
Bronze Age of Northern Greece.’ American Journal of Archaeology 100:537-97.
Shelmerdine, C.W. 1997. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory VI: The palatial Bronze Age of the southern
and central Greek mainland.’ American Journal of Archaeology 101:537-85.
Rehak, P. and J.G. Younger 1998. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory VII: Neopalatial, Final Palatial, and
Postpalatial Crete.’ American Journal of Archaeology 102:91-173.
Overall bibliographies with topic-oriented subdivisions
Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age. ISSUE DESK DIC; DAE 100 DIC.
Feuer, B. 2004. Mycenaean Civilization: A Research Guide (Second edition.) INST ARCH DAE 100
FEU.
Nestor, produced by the Department of Classics at Cincinnati, is a monthly list of publications in
Aegean prehistory and related areas.
It is available as an extremely useful on-line searchable
cumulative index (see below) for 1956-2013. The issues for 2009-13 can be down-loaded from:
<http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/issues>.
Site gazetteers
Hope Simpson, R. and O.T.P.K. Dickinson 1979. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilisation in the Bronze Age:
Volume 1, The Mainland and Islands. DAG Qto STU 52.
Myers, J.W., E.E. Myers and G. Cadogan 1992. The Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete. DAG 14 Qto MYE;
YATES Qto E 10 MYE.
Simantoni-Bourina, E and L. Mendoni 1999. Archaeological Atlas of the Aegean: From Prehistory to
Late Antiquity. DAG 100 DOU.
Bibliographies for many sites may be chased through the now dated but still useful volumes produced
by Noyes Press:
Leekley, D. and Noyes, R. 1976. Archaeological Excavations in Southern Greece. DAE 10 LEE
Leekley, D. and Noyes, R. 1976. Archaeological Excavations in the Greek Islands. DAE 10 LEE
Leekley, D. and Efstratiou, N. 1976. Archaeological Excavations in Central and Northern Greece.
DAE 10 LEE
31
Reports on recent archaeological work
Archaeological Reports INST ARCH Pers and <http://uk.jstor.org/journals/05706084.html> and the
‘Chronique des Fouilles’ included in the Bulletin de correspondance héllenique summarise work in
Greece each year. Inst Arch Periodicals and, for BCH: <http://www.efa.gr/> follow links to CEFAEL
and BCH; Archaeological Reports was published, until ca. 1955, as ‘Archaeology in Greece.’ in the
Journal
of
Hellenic
Studies
Main
CLASSICS
Periodicals
and
<http://uk.jstor.org/journals/00754269.html>. Both institutions now jointly produce Archaeology in
Greece Online: < http://chronique.efa.gr/?cat_id=27>.
Series
Several conference or monograph series focus on Aegean prehistory. The Swedish Institute at Athens
organised thematic conferences, many on prehistoric themes, most edited by Robin Hägg and coeditors. These are somewhat superseded by the biennial conferences organised by Robert Laffineur
and colleagues, and published in the series Aegaeum; other conferences and monographs are also
published in this series. For more than a decade, an excellent series of thematic volumes have come
out of an annual Round Table at Sheffield University. A series of conferences have been organised
around the site of Akrotiri on Thera, and its interconnections with the rest of the Aegean. Finally, the
Mycenaean Seminar of the University of London has run an annual series of lectures for 60 years;
abstracts appear in the Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies <www>.
In addition to the Aegaeum series, many Aegean prehistory volumes have been published as Studies
in Mediterranean Archaeology (SIMA) or SIMA-Pocket Books, or over the last three decades by British
Archaeological Reports (BAR). Monograph series have been established by various institutions and
journals, such as the Institute for Aegean Prehistory (INSTAP), British School at Athens,
Archaeological Society of Athens, Hesperia, American Journal of Archaeology, and Bulletin de
correspondance héllenique. Most are indexed and shelved in the Institute library individually as books.
Electronic journals
Most of the journals from which readings have been prioritised, are available in the library of the
Institute. For most only the last 20 years are on the shelves; earlier volumes can be requested from
store, on-line through UCL Explore. The location of holdings for each journal can be ascertained using
Explore. Journals which have articles on the reading lists are generally available on-line, which you will
have access to (short of the last 2-5 years) if you locate them via the UCL library web-site and your
UCL account. The most recent issues (not available on-line for some journals) are held physically in
the library.
Websites and other internet resources
An increasing number of resources are available on the web, but should be used with caution; many
are enthusiasts’ sites with holiday snaps, and some are worse; note that there is no vetting system on
the web (unlike academic publications). You should be extremely cautious about relying on
information from web-sites, and should not, normally, use them as citation sources for your essays. If
you feel information from a website is essential and you cannot track it back to an original printed
source, ask the Course Co-ordinator whether it is reputable, before relying on it it. Many current field
projects maintain their own websites, which may provide more up-to-date information than has
appeared in print. These can be found by Googling the site name (beware of alternative spellings,
particularly transliterations of Greek names). Many museums are increasingly putting images and
details of their holdings on the web - search for the specific museum’s web-site to see what is
available.
General sites with useful links are:
Aegean Prehistory: lots of relevant links:
<http://www.geocities.com/andreavi/frame.htm>
Mediterranean Archaeology Resources:
useful set of links to journals and organisations
<http://www.geocities.com/i_georganas/main.html>
Internet Resources for Classics: <http://www.sms.org/mdl-indx/internet.htm>
Hellenic Ministry of Culture: <http://www.culture.gr/> links for individual sites and museums.
Nestor:
<http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/>.
Home
site,
with
links
<
http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/links>
and
bibliographic
database
search
<
http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/nestorbib>.
Classics and Mediterranean Archaeology: <http://classics.lsa.umich.edu/welcome.html>.
Kapatija: <http://www.people.ku.edu/~jyounger/Kapatija/> is a collection of web links, relevant to
Aegean prehistory, Classics, and Near Eastern Archaeology.
American School of Classical Studies: <http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/> with links to projects
<http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/Excavations/Exc_links.htm>.
Perseus: <http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/> a Classics teaching resource; maps and images.
INSTAP East Crete Study Centre: <http://www2.forthnet.gr/instapec/>.
Metis: < http://www.stoa.org/metis/> interactive panoramic views of sites.
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Jeremy Rutter has introductory material by topic for his Dartmouth College undergraduate course
available at: <http://projectsx.dartmouth.edu/history/bronze_age/>. Each lesson/topic has attached
a useful bibliography and range of images.
The Nestor website has a search facility
< http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/nestorbib> which can be extremely useful for finding
references for Aegean publications from 1956-2008; it is not comprehensive, but is strong for the
English language literature, and can be searched by author, title words, journal, book title or year. It
adds 500-800 publications per year. The issues for 2009-11 can be down-loaded from:
<http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/issues>.
Studies in Mycenaean Inscriptions and Dialect:
<http://paspserver.class.utexas.edu/>
A collection of resources on Aegean scripts:
External seminars and lectures
A wide range of lectures and seminars takes place in the Institute, or at venues nearby in
Bloomsbury (e.g. Institute of Classical Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies,
British Museum). Approximately monthly within the academic teaching year, the Mycenaean
Seminar takes place in the Institute of Classical Studies. These are held in Senate House
South Block Ground Floor G22/26 at 3:30 unless otherwise stated. The schedule for this
year is:
15 October Lesley Bushnell The sweet smell of success: Cypriot and Mycenaean speciality
oils and mid-second millennium trading enterprises in the eastern Mediterranean (UCL).
Autumn Lecture with the British School at Athens
29 October at 5pm Olympia Vikatou Recent excavations in the western Peloponnese: new
insights into the settlements and cemeteries of Mycenaean Elis (36th Ephorate).
12 November Alexandra Livarda Foodscapes, plants and ecofacts in Bronze Age Greece
(Nottingham).
3 December Philippa Steele Aegean and Cypriot script reforms: ruptures and continuities
(Cambridge).
14 January Constance von Rüden Tracing diversities in Eastern Mediterranean fresco
painting (Bochum).
11 February Sophia Voutsaki Social change in the Middle Helladic period (Groningen).
11 March Fritz Blakolmer Interacting Minoan arts: seal images and mural iconography in
Minoan Crete (Vienna).
Michael Ventris Memorial Lecture
20 May at 5 pm Giorgos Rethemiotakis TBA (Galatas) (Herakleion).
5 Additional information
Libraries
In addition to the Library of the Institute of Archaeology, other libraries in UCL with holdings
of particular relevance to this degree are the UCL Main Library (specifically in Ancient
History or Classics) and the DMS Watson Science Library. It is also worth obtaining access
to the library of the Institute of Classical Studies (ICS) in Senate House in Malet Street, a 5minute walk away. Collect a registration form from the ICS Library’s front desk and bring it
to the Course Co-ordinator for signing, by which he vouches for the reader’s good conduct.
Attendance
It is a College regulation that attendance at lectures, seminars and practicals be
monitored. A register will be taken at all classes, and Departments are required to report
the attendance of each student to UCL Registry at frequent intervals throughout each term.
If students are unable to attend a class, they should e-mail the course Co-ordinator to
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explain, in order to ensure that there is a record of the reasons for their absence. A 70%
minimum attendance at all scheduled sessions of a course is required (excluding
absences due to illness or other adverse circumstances, provided these are supported
by medical certificates or other documentation, as appropriate).
Information for intercollegiate and interdepartmental students
Students enrolled in Departments outside the Institute should collect hard copy of the
Institute’s coursework guidelines from the office of the Academic Administrator (Judy
Medrington) 411A.
Dyslexia
If you have dyslexia or any disability which may affect either your participation in seminars,
or your assessed work, please make the Course Co-ordinator aware of this. Please discuss
with the Co-ordinator whether there is any way in which he can help you. Students with
dyslexia are reminded to indicate this on each piece of coursework.
Feedback
In trying to make this degree as effective as possible, we welcome feedback during the
course of the year. Students will be asked to fill-in Progress Forms at the end of each
term, which the Degree Co-ordinator will discuss with them. These forms include space
for comment on each of their courses.
At the end of each course all students are asked to give their views on the course in an
anonymous questionnaire, which will be distributed at one of the last sessions of the
course. These questionnaires are taken seriously and help the Course Co-ordinator to
develop the course. The summarised responses are considered by the Course Coordinator, Degree Co-ordinator, the Institute’s Staff-Student Consultative Committee,
Teaching Committee, and by the Faculty Teaching Committee.
If students are concerned about any aspect of a specific course, we hope they will feel
able to talk to the Course Co-ordinator, but if they feel this is not appropriate or have
more general concerns, they should consult their Degree Co-ordinator or the Graduate
Tutors (Andrew Bevan and Kathy Tubb). They may also consult the Academic
Administrator (Judy Medrington), the Chair of Teaching Committee (Karen Wright), or
the Director (Sue Hamilton).
Tutor
The Course Co-ordinator is Todd Whitelaw (room 207; 020 7679 7534;
t.whitelaw@ucl.ac.uk; e-mail for appointment). He prefers to be contacted by e-mail, NOT
by telephone except in emergencies (he is in and out of his office much of the day). Please
use normal e-mail, not via Moodle.
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