2. Graphing
Exercises 2.11-2.13
Exercise 2.11(a)
Graph
1. What type of graph is this?

combined column/line
2. What information is the graph providing?

variation in rainfall patterns across the year in Newcastle
2. Can you see any problems with the graph?

gridlines for the number of raindays are pointless (better for the
avge rainfall)

scale for number of raindays compresses the line, but 0-30
makes sense if this graph type used generally
4&6.

March/November
5&7.

Which month has the highest/lowest average rainfall?
What is the rainfall for those months?
120/70 mm
Exercise 2.11(a)
Graph
8&10. Which month has the highest/lowest average number of
raindays?

March and May/September
9&11.

What is the number of days for those months?
12/10
Exercise 2.11(b)
Graph
1. Example of a region showing an increase of 5 hot days/10 years.

NW corner of NSW
2. Example of a region showing an increase of 2 hot days/10 years.

several, including Gold Coast
2. Example of a region showing a decrease in hot days.

Nthn WA
4. FIVE important pieces of general information to be gained from
this graph.

most places getting more hot days

eastern Australia more so than WA

trend isn’t consistent

only already hot regions showing fewer hot days

Tasmania not showing extra hot days
Exercise 2.11(c)
Graph
1. Where in Australia has the greatest amount of thunder?

Nthn Territory near Darwin
2. Where in Australia has the least amount of thunder?

E coast Tasmania
2. Is there a general trend in thunder behaviour from north to south?
What is it?


Yes
it gets less
4. Give TWO examples of regions that are exceptions to the basic
trend?

NW of Kalgoorlie

N of Ncle
Exercise 2.11(d)
Graph
1. What type of graph is this?

scatter
2. Which axis belongs to windspeed? Air temperature?

wind - vertical

temp - horizontal
2. What is the (i) lowest and (ii) highest windspeed recorded?

0 & 59
4. What is the (i) lowest and (ii) highest temperature recorded?

-12 & -0.5
5. What conclusions can you draw from the graph?

temperatures in this region mostly 0 to -4

in this range, windspeeds can be anything

at lowest temps, windspeeds are less
Exercise 2.12
Exercise 2.12
Graph
(a) Given the ozone layer is a zone of the atmosphere with relatively
high concentrations of ozone, what is its altitude range?

16-24,000 m
(b) Given the ozone hole is a loss in concentration in the layer, in
which months does it occur?

Days 250-350

September-December
(c) You are required to draw a graph showing the change in ozone
concentration in the ozone layer across the year. How will you do
it?

draw a line across @ 20000 m

at each 10 day marker, record the colour as a ozone level

use the middle of the range, eg for 100-120, use 110
Q1.
How does air pollution in Sydney
vary throughout the year?
What summary statistics would you need to help
you answer this question?
◦
time series graph (values vs day)
◦
monthly/season averages/maxima
◦
L/M/H frequencies monthly
Q2.
How does air pollution in Sydney
vary geographically?
What summary statistics would you need to help you
answer this question?
◦ monthly averages/maxima for each region
◦ L/M/H monthly readings for each region
◦ how often one region is higher than the others
1 - Time Series of Daily Maxima (All regions)
Q1 – yes, Q2 - no
2 – L/M/H Readings of Daily Maxima
(All Regions)
Q1 – yes, Q2 - no
3 - Monthly Averages By Region
Q1 – yes, Q2 - yes
4 – L/M/H Readings Monthly By Region

Q1 yes, Q2 yes
5 - Daily Comparison of Readings Between Regions

Q1 no, Q2 yes
6 - Correlation of Monthly Averages & SDs
Q1 – no, Q2 - no
Conclusions
Q1 - time

highest readings are in summer

particularly bad in SW in summer

April-July least pollution generally
Q2 - geographically

NW & SW worse than CE except in winter

CE more consistent

SW shows great variation across year
What does Q6 tell you?

as the pollution gets worse (summer), the day-to-day variability gets
greater