7 03rd \lcst\'rn Forest .. Conf._,_·\'estern Forest. & Conserv. Ass., Portland, 01-cg., 1"'·20 (Dec b--c l"T ) our cu1T('11l" rcforC'slalion prnC'lic1 s nrP fo1111dcd us ·s, hC'rhi<'idcs pL\>·; nn ·i1npt l r l a n1- rc)le in dur f{·.1·:>r(_·S- ·oc. · · talion cfft>rls. 1'lic·y pro vid e 011c of tlic 11 ost econon1i- cal and effective n1ca11.c_; of rcducin <'01npetinr \'C'P:C'· talion on lands lo Ile r t·forcslt•cl and also st.'r\·e to boost suhsequt nt- pla n L1l ion grcnvth lJy re lea sing trees fro1n ov, •r lopping hrusli. Qucsli()llS ha\'(' hcC'n raisPd about t h rir sid e · cff ('cls, but lcl l gtliy hearings ha\'C not clearly rcsol\'cd the! issues . In this instance, the chc1ni­ eals ha\'C 110{ been banned; instead, restrictions have ' been appl ied on l<'ede ral use of several key hcrl1iciclcs. To inc, this could he a prudent <lClion, pro,·ided there is good scientific follo\vup to (·larify lht• points in cloubt. \\-'ill enou gh effort be• 111arshalecl to do so quickly ? 1\nd \\'ill c\·cntual decisions on use' be consistent \\·ith the scientific evidence? vfC:'all\\·hiJc, thP pa1)er\vork generated hy the current 1riultistcp ap­ proval procedures is tying up the JnanpcJ\ver that could l)c checking lo see that apprO\'L'C sprayings arc : being - p properly applied. The foregoing three exan1ples illustrate t\VO key concerns: 1. I)olitical responses to environ1ncntal contr o­ versies of today arc \viping out our regt>neration options faster than ne\v ones can be developed. 2. These actions .so1netin1es appear hasty . done \vi th out fu l l regard for the scienti fic facts, thl ra1nifi­ cations involved, and the alternatives available for n1ec ting the uncha nged goals. Today, there is heavy en1pl i n sis on· kno\ving in con­ siderable detail the side effects of any p roposed pesti­ cide or herbicide usage. Such e1n phasis is entirely rca­ sonal)le, hut I do \YOndlT ho\v \Ve are going to get all the info rn1 ati on dcn1andecl. I a1n acutely a\vare that 011 a skin 1 py rcsearc11 hasc. J)t enusc of li111e ancl 1 nanpo\\ lT li inil nlions, n1osl rt'gf'JH'ration stuc1ics have nol L<'cH c:1rricd out u!ld('r a \\'idc c11ou J; vari(•t\' of co11dilions or llirough t·1HH.1gli seasons lo pr o\"icf" a dc fin it h · · 1n{'asure' of trends and v ari<ll ions. Pa t fit•ld n•st•ar('h on Endrin, for exa1 n pl{' , harc ll>' 1ncasun·d its dirl'('t cff('cts on the rodent and s(' cd li u g popula lio 11s, ll' l · alone all the Jil e1 y side effects. \''ill l1HTC he suf­ ficient li1'1c and 1nanpo\\'('r to do helter in lhl' futun•? It is good to pause and n1cnd the cn\·iron1nental shortco1ni11gs in our present praeliccs. But let's build on existing kno,v1cclge and experience, not scrap ongoing practicPs hl•caust• they need soinc iinpro\'C­ 1ncnt or arc politically unpopu lar. Crash shifts to un­ tried alternatives arc not likclv to lH•lp us reach rt'fore .st ation goals fasl P r, hut th e \, arc certain to incrcnsc total costs a11cl \\· as lc both (i 1 11 c• and effort . Mr. !llcadow: Thank you, Bill. Tl1e last member of the pan el is Hoy S. Silcn. Hoy has a 13.S. Degree from Oregon State Univc.·rsity, a .\Jaster fro1n Yale and a J>h.D. fr o1n Oregon State. Defore he \\"C'nt to the UniYcrsitv, he \Vas a book­ keeper for l\vO years for a loggin contractor. g After World \Var II, he joined the Pacific :-lorth­ \Vest r orcs t · and \ange Expcri1ncnt Station. Ile rounded out his education there l1nc1L'r L.co Isaac \vith l\vO years study in regeneration, one year of sccond­ grov.'th 1nanagcn1ent under Phil Bricgleb and five years in a la rge-scale pilot pl. ant cutti n g study in old growth Douglas-fir. Since 19.54, Hoy has been the Project Leader for Forest Genetics l\escarch at the Forest ry Sciences Laboratory at Corvnllis. Ile will speak to us on "Peo­ p le, Problems and Stand M anagement ." Hoy - 1 le, o P:'f-- !Ut!- �!.� Peopie, P1·obiern11s c111d ShJEld },4011cigemerit -l ROY SILE!'-!, Chairman Western Stand Management Committee Mr. Hoy Silen : Fellow F oresters and other Friends. Ahnost cvcrvone todav has, in one \Vay or another, 1 said that totlay 's stanci manager hclples;ly feels that \ve1l -inten cled hut 1nisinforn1cd people and politicians h;.1ve in1palc.•d hiin on the n1ultiplc horns of a run ;i.\\'a y dile1n1na. lfe is asked to :gro\V 1nore- and inore \\'Oocl on less and less land, \\'ith fc\\'Pr and less cffccth ·e too]s) at h igher an<l higher costs and to inake a huge profi t. Let's consider this dilL•nnna, one h orn at a tin1e. 'fhis first horn, ob\'iousl>· tlH' fi rsl horn, is that he• 1n u s t gro\\' rnorc and 1n ore \\'Oocl, even jf it is to pay for 1nore and n1ore tax es. One lando\\'lll'r .telb 111e that the pr('scn l' tax n.tlt for a \vlio1c rotation takes n1ost of the pro cl 1a · lion fro1n his Site III land. Obviously, if he is going to keep that land, hr is going to have to produce 1nore and inorc \VOOd. Also, obviou s l y, the de1n nn d fron1 rising population, fro111 rising stan lards of li\·ing, fro1n t he depletion of natural resources and fro1n 1nore industrialization, is going to put a se\ T r<' strain on our \\'oocl-gro\\·ing C':t­ p <1 city. Not only for c101ncslic use but for i11ter11ational n1arkets as \\'ell. .:\lrct1cly all or the proc11 1C't ioll fro1n 1\laska and \\'hate\ er s u rplus that \\'P ha \ "t • fro111 the North\vcsl is eagerlv so!!glit !iv J a p;11i . (Jnc only has to pr oje ct \\'hat that cl ·inand \\"iii l;t' ,·hen Cl ii11a nnd In­ dia's industrialization is co111plc !t·<l. Fore.-;t 111 anag cr s 1nusl p rodu c(' 1norc \\·ood and they 11.iusl do so on an cycr-slirinking basis of con11n crcial Jorest lands. 17 Fonncrly, \\'ithdnl\\' als for roads, for po,,·cr lines, for da1n r!:'scr\·oirs and for urbanization \Vere rc1nov­ ing a suhstantial acreage each year. 11nt this has reached a historic high ,,·ith the nc\v dc1nands for rec­ reation lands, particularly the five acre tract phcno1n­ enon, ancl' for \Vildcrncss in great chunks. If he inust produce n1ore \Vood on less acres, the only alternative, of course, is n1ore intensive n1anagc1ncnt. And then he is on the third horn of the dile1n1na. cades, a sea of conifer reproduction is hound to fol­ lo,v. \\1ell, there is our old-gro\vth and here is rcpro. duction. I iinagine by no\v that you're getting the idea that 1'111 getting around to another people problen1. 'l'liis · isn't one that is coining at us from the outside, hut is one that is around us every day of our \vorking lives. It is a proble1n that really doesn't have a nainc that 1 know of, so we'll call it \!isdirected Ecologieal Sue . All of our previous speakers have told us that almost cession, or ::\Jan Direetecl Ecological Succession, citlH•r a11 the 1nore C'fficicnt tools arc in jeopardy. In the \vay, the initials are ivI-E-S. I'in sho\ving you the Cascades, not because the stand rnanage1ncnt field the forester's 1nost effective prob1c1n is there solely, but because the inaples a1=p 1nore sho,vy. Let's go ovl'r to the Coast Range. ThP Oregon-\''ashington Reforestation Council tells us reaches strea1n courses, recreational areas, inid-slopes or fragile soils. that there• arc no\v three inillion acres i n the high sites of the Coast Range and in so1nc of the Cascades ·/ Finally, this puts him on the ultimate and crnelest horn of all. \Vith eve1y new demand his costs go in northern \\'ashington that arc held 1nainly by alder, 1naple and pe11nanent brush. These are pro-· ducing little or nothing \Vith this rotation, at least ·:1 and efficient silvicultural tools arc no\V political issues; even his most effective logging plans n1ust be altered to less effective alternatives when he higher and forest product prices go highger, and this n1akes \vood less con1petitive \vith its substitutes ­ plastics and 1netals. As a concerned citizen lie kno\VS not enough to pay off Mr. Taxpayer - or Mr. Tax Collector. that these substitutes are n1ore dangerous for his environment than the forestiy that is replaced. No\v for the ya\Yners out in the audience, if you're The mosaic you see, if it has any pattern at all, is hard\voods on the north slopes and in the S\vales, coni­ fer on the ridge tops and a 1nixture of conifer and hardwood on the south slopes. But mostly it is a pat­ ternless n1osaic. It didn't start just \Vith logging but started 'vith the hon1esteaders' fires, the escape fires, reburns, 1nore burns, and then th_e logging and 1nore relogging. J\s if to rcn1ind us that \vas all once Douglax-fir girly pictures but \Ve all thought that this audience as far as the eye could see, \Ve see the uncut old growth in the background. I-lo\V do \VC kno\v that this is a n1ancaused prob­ le1n, this .fES mosaic? The ran1paging cr0\\'11 fires \\-'ondering - so \\'hat's nc\v? - \Vell, \vhat's ne\v is that in about four 1ninutes I've said everything that a stand 1nanagement panelist n1ight \Vant to say up here and so \Ve have time to relax and enjoy our­ selves. The first thought I had was that we would show was too tasteful for that. The other thought was that Inaybe \Ve could have Ben- . ifeado\vs sho\V the pic­ tures of his grandchildren - but that would take too long. And so \Vhat \VC can1e up \vith \Vas pictures of Fall colors. I asked Bruce Starker, who flies a plane over the Cascades and Coast llange, if he would take these l)ictures for n1c sometilnc. lie said, '"Come along and \ve'll take so1ne pictures," and so here's \Vhat \Ve got in mid-October. (Slides projected throughout.) fr. Silen: 1-Iere is vine maple sho\vn off in a vin­ tage year. Herc is its cousin, broadleaf maple, set off in a field of Douglas-fir. Unfortunately, red alder in n1id-Octoher \vas not sho\ving up as too distinctive fron1 the Douglas-fir or othe?r\visc the hills \Vould have been riotous this Fall but the maples nicely set off this Cascade Lake panorama. This mdinarily clull reforestation area sho\vccl up this year in techni­ c:olor liecause of the harcl\voods that couicl be seen in them this Fall. 1 he 1naples sce1n to stand out cvcry\v11ere, even in son1c of our s<tpling stands \vhich \VC for1ncrly thought \vcrc all conifer. \\'' hcrcvcr axe and sa\\' have gone, nature is follo\ving this year \vith her 1nagic paint bucket. rhose rcd-blooclccl, caulk-shoe' sto111ping forest n1anagcrs all knO\\' that this C<tn't 11appC"n because \vhencvt.:•r you cut old-grO\\'lh l)ouglas-fir in thP Cas- that crisscrossed tl1e region before the \vhitc inan ca1ne beat back the thin-barked_ associates of l)onglas­ fif particularly the harchvoods relegating the1n into rather iusignificant ecological niches. \\lithout severe fire Douglas-fir has no particular con1petitive edge over these thin-harked associates. That they have co1ne out of th ir ecological niche to becon1e a proble1n on n1illions of acres in this high site country is no longer a question. They chnply gro\v on the highest sites three to five tin1cs as f;1 t as l)ouglas-fir does in the early years. \\7hat has kept this proble1n under \vraps for dcl'· adcs is, probably, that the early sih,iculturists vit'\\·r·d these hroad leaves as having a very transient rolP 11i the suec:t•ssion of Douglas-fir folJo,ving logging. This n1ight have been true in the olcl logging \\'ith its plentiful seed source of ])ouglas-fir, its sc\·cn· scarification and severe broadcast burniug. It 1nay aJ...,(1 still be true on the Jo,vcr sites "'here J)ougla ·! l1 see1ns to corne lnlck \Vith little 1nore attention than ;ni adequate seed source. The only sure \vay on our highest sites of avt ic i11.l : broad leaves and of restoring the coniferous ongu;.i! stand is \vitli a 1nanagc1ncnt so intensh·e as to h:l\'t' the planning and progra1nn1ing \\'ell starlt•tl bel1 1'i' '. the original stand is cut. 1'o try to bring back the lli'l.t · 1 '· · ·1 iual c0111posiliL>n <lftL:r the forest land h<l.S gone inlo ln11sh is often so expcnsiv<' as to he beyond present day econornics. One organization that has fac('d up to this problcin is the Orcgon-\\7ashington lleforestation ( ouncil \Vith their proj<'cl, llES1'01\. This is an acrony111 using the first letters of 1lcdirecting Ecological Succ<'. ssion To­ \Vard the Original Ilcsourcc. rrhc progra1n ain1s to put hack the original coniferous forest on the best or the least costly t\vo 1ni1lion of the three 1nillion acres of high sites that are 1naiuly llO\V in alder, 1naple or per­ 1nanent brush. It \voulcl do so through hvo progra1ns: an action and a research progra1n. 13ut the bigger question involving 1nan that is brought out by this display of hroa<lleafs in the Cas­ cades is \vhcther in our tunnel vision \Ve have ignored a larger possibility. Have our broaclleafs leapt out of their ecological niche so \'igorously region\vide that we are \Vitnessing a type transfonnation, or a beginn­ ing of a type transfor1nation, such as the change fro1n pine to reel 1naple in l\e\v England, to aspen in the Lake States and to the worthless har<lwoocls in the South? In sum1nary then as \Ve see this beautiful lake \vith a large Douglas-fir inill on the shore, \Ve ask our­ selves: \·''ill those broaclleaf and conifer 1njxtures re­ turning on the cutover land support that rnill into per­ petuity? But the C:'VCn larger question is: Is 1nan alter­ ing the forests of the West like he has altered the for­ ests of the eastern United States? '''ithout ra1npaging fires, the n1ain hope is that there \vill be enough intensive n1anagen1ent on enough con1111crcial forest land so that this possibility never re Jly 1naterializes, or has it already? Is Jother Nature \vith her paint bucket trying to tell us something this Fall? That's all. (Applause) Mr. feaclo\vs: You have heard the presentation of these four very timely topics. I guess we could take two different views of them. We could say, "Well, what do those so an<l sos think they're doing trying to tell us ho'v to run our business, one \Vhich \Ve have been engaged in for quite some time?" 'We coul<l use this as a real opportunity to better our position to do a be'tter job, to learn 1nore about \vhat we should know or what we already should have learned and in general do a better job than we've done in the past. It is no longer possible for us to operate in today's society without the role of justifica­ tion. Again, to inc, this is a real concern as to \vhether '"e can afford this. Of course, I don't think any of us are going to back out or quit and \Ve must find a \vay to get the joh done. I think \Ve have to get 1nore and rnorc involved - as this organization has - in info1111ing the pub1ic. \\7e are opinion 1nakcrs. I an1 not so sure the general public is very Jnuch conccrnt'd. In 1nost any organization that has been critical of foresters in their ,,·ork there are probably only a few who stir thP pot all the time to keep it boil­ ing. I think the general n1e1nbership is pretty n1uch unconcerned and apathetic about the question. \\'e'n, going to gi\'C you a chanCl' ln quc:.;tion these peoplC'. \\'c hope that you \Vill ha\'c so1ne questions to l)Ut to Pach of these 111e11. ''le \\'Otdcl like for \'Ou, \vhcn you stand up, lo give your na1nc so that it ··can be re('ordecl. f\Ir. Gerald lloycr: In vie\v of so111e of the things that have been said, is it really our prohlen1 lo get the infonnation to the public, or is it really our problc1n to convince a fe\v people, for cxan1p1c the Oregon En­ viron1ncntal i\.gency or the EP:\, to clue then1 in on the things they are n1issing out on? I feel that \Ve have verv little chance of success in reaching everybody an101;g the great 1nass of people. But, really, they aren't the ones \vho are 1naking the final deeisions. 1'here arc just a fe\v \vho are inaking decisions. :\laybe \Ve ha<l better 1nake a greater ef­ fort to reach those people. fr. Meadows: Well, I'll tell you what I think. I'm not so sure that these people \Vant to be convinced, hut I think that the efforts that we should expend should be to state legislators, to the federal congress and to the people who arc really in the driver's seat. The big concern to me is that possibly we could get the kind of federal legislation to manage our forests \Vhich \ve'd have a real hard tin1e living \vith. This is iny real concern and I think that this is \vhcre \Ve could do the 1nost good \Vith our efforts. Obviously, \Ve do not have enough money to en1­ ploy the TV screens all over the countiy to educate the people; but we can pinpoint our efforts to the opinion n1akers and la\v inakcrs. '''e can probably do more good there than in any other place. l\.fr. Ivleado\vs: Are there any other questions? fr. Royce Cox: This is Hoyce Cox. I want to com­ . mend Hoy Silen for a very fine presentation. But, Hoy, there are beautiful stands of extensive Douglas-fir re­ productions. Shouldn't they also he shown so that people won't think its all gone to hardwoods. l\lr. Silcn: I think you've seen enough of the other side, ho\vever, I'n1 sure I could have gotten the1n. I think that the technical forestry group here knows that the reforestation surveys \vhich have been con­ ducted over the Northwest have shown generally that ::n1y,vhere fron1 sixty to eighty-five percent of the forests have con1e back to adequate stocking in ten or fifteen years \Vith just a seed source. I don't think that those surveys have been con<lucted to sample the Coast Range particularly, but those are the figures. What has happened is that there is always this fif_ teen to forty percent that wasn't restocked. These areas no\v have accu1nulatc<l to a total of three n1il­ lion acres, particularly in the highest sites. Overall it is still an opti1nistic picture and the reforestation has been pretty good generally here, hO\\'CVer. Mr. Meadows: \\"e want to thank tlw panel for their participation on this progra1n an<l \VC thank you for your interest and cooperation. ( i\pplausc) President Vincent: '!'hank you, l3cn, and panel n1en1bers. \'\'e have had a very professional presenta­ tion of the problem ma<le by a group of men who arc 19 <'Xperts in tlu:ir respective fields. \\'e hope that you \\·ill keep their pap('rs in inind during the next t\VO days ,,.h('n you hear about the people and the political problc1ns. I \\·ant also to say \\' hat you already kno\V- that no conh•r('nec can r1111 \vithout a grl'at cl cal of help in Lhc 1 t·n llanson, Jin1 J)urgan and· Pat C:ulli11.. "You ha\' c just n1et tlil c:hainnan of lhc four stand i11g co1nn1illl'<·s so I \\ O n't repeat lheir na1nes. ] arlit•r ' 1 referred to the F'orL'strv Issues Con1111ittcc un<l(•r I IO\ \·arcl I illan and the l' \ aln alion and :\ fe1nhC'rship ' ConHnittces under the Chain11ansliip of Lee llo­ hackgrouncl. It is n1ost appropriate for you to kno\v binson. to 1nake this c;onfercncc the success that \Ve hope i t kind of in the haL"kgronnd and sn1nc,vhat anony­ rnously, and that is the 1\\,·ard Con11nittee. \\!hen you sonic of these p eo ple \vl10 have \\'Orkcd long and hard will be. I'1n going to na1nc in fuH the 1ncn1hers of sonic of the> operating con11nittccs that arc still funCtioning. For exan1ple, t he Policy ancl H.esolutions Con1111ittce, under tlie Chainnanship of Boh ])cLong, includes l)ay1_' Bur\vell, · {_,onnic \ \ illia1n s, ' I.'.:. c:. Schneicl('r, John Stokl's, Ilerh PC' tt•rso n, l'.lark Schoknl'cht, Gerry Burch, John Calla[!;han, Hoyce Cox, Bob Furniss and 11il1 Larson. 1 hey \vill be receiving the recon1n1cn­ dations !'or resolutions fro1n the s tand i ng c:o1111nittees and \\'ill be n1e c ting at breakfast ton101TO\\' n1orning. If you have any re o1nn1c;nclations for th cn1, please gl't thl'nl to any n1.en1bcr of that group by that tin1e. rfhc No1ninating Conirnittee \Vill n1ake its report ton1orro\v afternoon at the conclu sion of the after­ .noon papers. The Chairn1 1n of that con11nittcc is Sam Tavlor and the members arc Bill Beattv, Ernie (:o;-rick) Ilob 1 lansen, 1\ngus :\lacBean, I_,ce Pugsley and Cy Scheider. If you have any reconnncndations for Trustees or Officers for next year, n1ake your rec­ on1111endations knO\\'ll to them. The in1portant conHnittee that se cs that all the things are in place and, hopefuliy, the n1icrophone doesn't fail, is the 1\rrange1nents Co1n1nittec, headed by Ed I.,oncrs an<l inclu<lcs v[rs. Donald Dyson, in charge of Ladies Affairs; Gerry Kelly, Decorations; Chuck \Vooclbury, Equipment; and J\orm Brocard for · Exhibits. The Press Committee, nntkr the leadership ofJolm illurphy from the University, includes Dave James, , In addition, \\ e havt· a co1n1nittee that functions ' pick up your tickets for the banquet to1norrO\V night, if you ha v e not already done so, you \Vill have an opportunity to learn \vho the recipients are for the L ifL·linit• and the Current 1\chieve1ncnt ... \\'estern For e stry 1\ ,vards of . \\7c have another unofficial con11nittee rnc1nber \vho has functioned quietly in the background and \vho is not officially· recognized by '''cstcrn Forestry. But onr g;oocl friend Juanita Gallaher has operatcc.l the :\It's.sage Center and \\'C do appreciate greatly th<' contributions: that she 111akes to the Conference. You kn(nv her as the Editor of the \\1estcrn Conser-_ v at ion Journal. ·rhe poster you see behind in c is the result of one of the efforts of the Association to involve th e students. This \\'as done by a high school art class from t\le \\.'l'athcr\\·ax lligh School in 1\bcrclccn, \l/a hington. This class was presented a theme by the General Ar­ rangcn1cnts Chainnan, Eel Loners, \vho is al.so your Keep Washington Green State Director. They dis­ cussed ,,·hat they thought \\ Otdd he pictorially appro­ ' priate to reflect the theme of this year's conference. It docs represent soine rather in-df:.pth think in g by a high school class. I believe that covers everything. \Ve will consider the inceting recessed until nine o'clock to1norro\V 1norning. (The Conference was then recessed at four thirty p.rn.) RAY E. JOHNSON, Program Chairman, Presiding 1\Ir: Johnson: Our panel 11 1o cl l•rator for th is n1orn­ ing's discussion on "l•'orl'St - ·rhe People's \1ic''"' is lloward l illan of tli c \\'cyerliaenser Company, Taco­ ma, Washington. lle is a member of the Izaak \Valton I ,(''1g11e. 'l'hl' :\r11eric<l!J l•\irestry 1\ssoc:ialion, s l\'l' thv H.Pcl,,·uocls Lcag11l'. 1'aco111a Iounlainccrs an(l is on the 1\dvisorv C ouncil for the Paeiric Crest Na liona l Scenic l'raif. ' l le has been aeli,·c in the Boy Scout progra1n and 20 in the Society of r\n1 C'rican l•,oresters. I-le currently is serving as thl' Chainnan· 'of the Puget Sound Section. For \ Vcslcr n l''orestry, Ilo\\'arcl is the present Secre­ tary and C:hainnan of the l •'o res t ry Issues Co1n n1ittce . I [e is \ \·el l qualific>d to 1nodcrate this group of citizc·ns \vlio, each in hi.'i O\ \'ll \Vay, today \Vil! give u.'i hi.-; vic\\'S of our f o rest and land resources and hr)\\' they shonld he 1nanagc<l.