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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
0449/02
BANGLADESH STUDIES
Paper 2 Environment and Development of Bangladesh
May/June 2010
1 hour 30 minutes
*6947510612*
Additional Materials:
Answer Booklet/Paper
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer three questions.
Sketch maps and diagrams may be drawn to illustrate an answer.
You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each question.
The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 1 and Fig. 3 for Question 2.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 9 printed pages, 3 blank pages and 1 Insert.
DC (SM/SW) 27597
© UCLES 2010
[Turn over
2
1
(a) Study Photograph A on the Insert, which shows a satellite image of part of Bangladesh.
(i)
Name the river marked as A.
[1]
(ii)
Name the landform marked as B.
[1]
(iii)
Describe the landscape of the area which is marked by the broken line ( - - - - ) and
labelled C.
[3]
(iv)
Explain how the feature C was formed.
[4]
(v)
The sea appears in three different colours along the line X – Y.
Suggest an explanation for this.
[2]
Why is the area marked D very good for fish?
[3]
(vi)
(b) Study Fig.1, which shows the number of boats used for fishing in Bangladesh.
Type of boat
Mechanised boats
Non-mechanised boats
1975
1995
200
10 000
46 000
14 000
Fig. 1
(i)
Describe the changes in the number and types of boats used for fishing.
[2]
(ii)
Describe two methods of fishing in Bangladesh.
[2]
(c) What is meant by the term ‘aquaculture’?
[1]
(d) Study the following statement:
‘Developing aquaculture inland is the best way to increase fish production in a sustainable
way.’
(i)
Give one piece of evidence which supports this statement.
[1]
(ii)
Give one piece of evidence which does not support the statement.
[1]
(iii)
Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer.
[4]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2010
0449/02/M/J/10
3
2
(a) Study Fig. 2, which shows a rainfall graph for Khulna.
500
400
rainfall
mm
300
200
100
0
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Fig. 2
(i)
What is the rainfall in the wettest month for Khulna?
[1]
(ii)
Describe the annual pattern of rainfall at Khulna.
[3]
(iii)
Explain how this pattern of rainfall affects the subsistence farmers in the area.
[3]
Name and describe two methods of irrigation.
[6]
(b) (i)
(ii)
Choose one factor that affects subsistence farming other than availability of water.
Explain how this factor affects agricultural production.
[3]
(c) Study Fig. 3 on the Insert, which is about floating gardens.
Explain how a floating garden can be constructed.
[3]
(d) Study the following statement:
‘Floating gardens could bring many benefits both to subsistence farmers and to the
Bangladesh economy.’
(i)
Give one piece of evidence which supports the statement.
[1]
(ii)
Give one piece of evidence which does not support the statement.
[1]
(iii)
Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer.
[4]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2010
0449/02/M/J/10
[Turn over
4
3
(a) Study Fig. 4, which shows the percentage of land covered by forest in some south Asian
countries.
70
70
Bhutan
65
65
60
60
55
55
Burma
50
50
45
45
% land
covered 40
by forest
35
40
30
25
Sri Lanka
35
Nepal
30
25
India
20
20
China
15
15
10
5
0
1990
10
Bangladesh
5
Pakistan
1995
2000
0
2005
Fig. 4
(i)
Which country was least forested in 2005?
[1]
(ii)
Which country had the biggest decrease between 1990 and 2005?
[1]
(iii)
Which countries increased their percentage of forested land between 1990 and 2005?
[2]
© UCLES 2010
0449/02/M/J/10
5
(b) Study Fig. 5, which shows changes to the area covered by forest in Bangladesh between
1990 and 2005.
Area of forest
(000s hectares)
1990
2000
2005
882
884
871
Fig. 5
(i)
How many hectares of forest were lost between 2000 and 2005?
[1]
(ii)
Explain why Bangladesh is losing its forests.
[4]
(iii)
Describe the problems that can be caused by deforestation.
[5]
(c) Study Photograph B.
Photograph B
(i)
Name and describe the type of forest shown in the photograph.
[2]
(ii)
Where in Bangladesh can this type of forest be found?
[1]
(iii)
State two possible threats to this type of forest.
[2]
(d) Study the two statements below:
A.
‘It is essential that Bangladesh manages its forests to prevent further reduction in
the area covered.’
B.
‘Bangladesh must use all of its land, including the forests.’
(i)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
[1]
(ii)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
[1]
(iii)
Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.
[4]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2010
0449/02/M/J/10
[Turn over
6
4
(a) Study Fig. 6, which shows gas fields and gas pipelines.
0
DINAJPUR
Key:
Gas Field
Gas Refinery
River Terminal
Seaport
RANGPUR
40
80 km
Gas Pipeline
International Boundary
River
City or town
SYLHET
SHERPUR
BOGRA
JAMALPUR
MYMENSINGH
HABIGANJ
RAJSHAHI
TANGAIL
PABNA
KUSHTIA
DHAKA
N
FARIDPUR
CHANDPUR
JESSORE
COMILLA
FENI
NOAKHALI
KHULNA
BARISAL
CHITTAGONG
PATUAKHALI
B A Y
O F
N G
B E
A
L
COX’S BAZAR
Fig. 6
(i)
Describe the distribution of the gas fields.
[3]
(ii)
Suggest reasons for the distribution of the natural gas pipelines.
[3]
(iii)
Describe three uses of natural gas in Bangladesh.
[3]
© UCLES 2010
0449/02/M/J/10
7
(b) Study Fig. 7, which shows production of natural gas in Bangladesh.
500
450
400
350
billion cubic 300
feet of gas
250
200
150
100
50
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
Fig. 7
(i)
Describe how the production of natural gas changed from 1980 to 2004.
[2]
(ii)
Suggest two reasons for the changes in production.
[2]
(iii)
It is estimated that Bangladesh has reserves of 25 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
Describe two problems which could develop if production keeps on rising.
[2]
(c) There are 3 state owned Petrobangla companies and 2 multinational companies involved in
the production of natural gas.
Describe the advantages for Bangladesh of each type of company.
[4]
(d) Study the two statements below:
A.
‘Bangladesh should increase its production of natural gas so some can be exported.’
B.
‘Bangladesh should strictly limit the amount of gas produced each year.’
(i)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
[1]
(ii)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
[1]
(iii)
Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.
[4]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2010
0449/02/M/J/10
[Turn over
8
5
(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows changes in the infant mortality rate (IMR) between 1990 and 2008.
It also shows predicted changes up to 2015.
actual
predicted
100
90
Pakis
ta
n
Ba
ng
80
India
lad
esh
70
number of children
dying before their
first birthday
per 100 000 births
(IMR)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
2015
predicted
Fig. 8
(i)
How did Bangladesh’s infant mortality rate change between 1990 and 2008?
[1]
(ii)
Compare the changes in Bangladesh with those in Pakistan and India between 1990 and
2015.
[4]
(iii)
Suggest two reasons for the predicted changes to Bangladesh’s infant mortality rate
between 2008 and 2015.
[2]
(iv)
Infant mortality rate is an example of a ‘human development indicator’.
Name two other examples of human development indicators.
[2]
(b) (i)
Describe how Bangladesh’s public health system has helped to improve the infant
mortality rate up to 2008.
[4]
(ii)
Describe the role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in providing health care
in Bangladesh.
[4]
© UCLES 2010
0449/02/M/J/10
9
(c) Study Fig. 9, which shows percentages of people in Bangladesh with access to safe drinking
water and improved sanitation facilities.
Access to safe drinking water
Access to improved sanitation
facilities
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
%
%
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
1990 2008
0
1990 2008
1990 2008
1990 2008
Key:
rural
areas
urban
areas
Fig. 9
For both drinking water and sanitation, how did access change in:
(i)
urban areas?
(ii)
rural areas?
[3]
(d) Study the two statements below:
A.
‘The best way to improve the health of people in Bangladesh is to improve clean
water supplies and sanitation facilities.’
B.
‘The best way to improve the health of people in Bangladesh is to increase the
number of good health care centres.’
(i)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
[1]
(ii)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
[1]
(iii)
What do you think is the best way to improve people’s health? Give reasons for your
answer.
[3]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2010
0449/02/M/J/10
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Copyright Acknowledgements
Question 2
Question 3
© Practical Action leaflet; The Schumacher Centre for Technology.
© Jessica Aldred; Report reveals ‘alarming’ rate of mangrove habitat loss; www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/feb/01/endangered
habitats.conservation… accessed 16/06/2009; Guardian News & Media Ltd 2008.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2010
0449/02/M/J/10