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Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge Pre-U Certificate
9768/04
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 4 Research Topic
INSERT
May/June 2014
1 hour 30 minutes
*8148873548-I*
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
This Insert contains all the Figures and the Table referred to in the Question Paper.
This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.
DC (SJF/KN) 81510/6
© UCLES 2014
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Fig. 1 for Question 1
species diversity index
The effect of trampling on salt marsh in the estuary of
the River Gann, Milford Haven, Wales, over a 10 year period
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
height (m) above sea level
Key
untrampled
trampled
Species diversity index is a measure of the number of plant species present,
a higher value indicating that a greater number of plant species are present.
© UCLES 2014
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Fig. 2 for Question 1
Plant species in the salt marshes of Morecambe Bay, England
Plant species
curled dock
jointed rush
sea rush
sea couch
red fescues
saltmarsh rush
sea-milkwort
common saltmarsh grass
annual glasswort
common cord-grass
Salt marsh zone
mature marsh
high marsh
low marsh
pioneer zone
3
4
5
6
7
8
height (m) above sea level
Note: the thicker parts of the line represent the range where a species is most frequent.
© UCLES 2014
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BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2014
9768/04/INSERT/M/J/14
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Fig. 3 for Question 2
The evolution of biomass and number of species of vegetation in a forested area
over a period of time
stage
shrub
tree
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
biomass (kg/m2)
number of species
herb
0
1
2
4
6
10 14 20
50
100
200
time (years)
Key
number of species
biomass
© UCLES 2014
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Fig. 4 for Question 5
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
1961
1970
1980
1990
2000
ecological footprint (hectares)
ecological footprint (hectares)
The ecological footprint in low, middle and high income countries between 1961 and 2008
0
2008
year
Key
high income countries
middle income countries
low income countries
Ecological footprint can be defined as the area of land required by
an individual in that country to maintain his or her standard of living.
© UCLES 2014
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Fig. 5 for Question 5
Ecological footprint and Human Development Index (HDI) for selected countries
1.000
Norway
Australia
Canada
0.900
USA
Cuba
Human Development Index (HDI)
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
Sierra Leone
0.300
0.200
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
ecological footprint (hectares)
The HDI is a composite measure of development which takes into account life
expectancy, education and income.
Table 1
Annual population growth rate for selected countries
Country
Sierra Leone
Cuba
© UCLES 2014
Annual population growth rate (%)
2.3
–0.15
Norway
0.33
Canada
0.78
Australia
1.13
USA
0.9
9768/04/INSERT/M/J/14
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Fig. 6 for Question 6
Population of dormice in England, 1993 to 2000
00
20
99
98
19
19
97
19
96
95
19
19
19
19
94
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
93
population index
National
year
00
20
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
19
19
94
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
93
population index
Selected areas of northern England
year
year
© UCLES 2014
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00
20
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
19
19
94
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
93
population index
Selected areas of southern England
9
Fig. 7 for Question 9
Changing areas of selected land uses in the CBD of Bangalore, India, 1985 to 2003
250
200
area (hectares)
150
100
50
0
residential commercial industrial
public
parks
transport
land use
Key
1985
1995
2003
© UCLES 2014
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Fig. 8 for Question 9
Land use in the CBD of Bangalore, India, 2003
N
0
1
km
Key
residential
commercial
public
park
industrial
transportation
© UCLES 2014
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Fig. 9 for Question 9
The CBD of Bangalore, India
N
city
railway
station
Ghandi Nagar
Sultanpet
Nagar Temple
Town
Hall
bus
terminal
0
Sudhama
Nagar
1
km
Key
road
© UCLES 2014
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Fig. 10 for Question 10
Proposed changes to Quay Street in the CBD of Auckland, New Zealand
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 1 Fig. 1
Question 1
Question 2
Question 5
Question 6
Question 9
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 6
Figs 7, 8 & 9
Question 10 Fig. 10
© Headley & Sale; The Impact of Trampling By Student Groups on Saltmarsh Vegetation; Field Studies; p. 521; 1999;
http://fsj.field-studies-council.org/media/345035/vol9.3_254.pdf
© Saltmarsh Management Manual; Environment Agency; 2007; ISBN 97818/4432714.
© G O’Hare; Soils, Vegetation, Ecosystems; Oliver & Boyd; 1992; ISBN 0050042378.
© http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf
© The Dormouse Conservation Handbook; English Nature; http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/80018
© Mohammad Reza, Dr. Krishna Murthy Javaid Ahmad Tali, Dr. H. N. Nagendra; Future Threats to CBD: A Case Study of Bangalore
CBD ; Department of Studies in Geography and Institute of Development Studies; University of Mysore.
© http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/en/planspoliciesprojects/plansstrategies/ccmp/Pages/home.aspx
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
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Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
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© UCLES 2014
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