Scheme of work Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Contents Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Unit 1: General listening skills ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Unit 2: Music in the Classical period ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Unit 3: Music in the Romantic period .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Unit 4: Baroque music ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Unit 5: Twentieth-century music ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Unit 6: World music (general) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Unit 7: World focus and Set Work.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Unit 8: Performing (ongoing) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28 Unit 9: Composing (ongoing) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29 V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 2 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Overview This scheme of work provides ideas about how to construct and deliver a course for teaching Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429. The 2015 syllabus has been broken down into nine units with suggested teaching activities and learning resources to use in the classroom. The three core musical skills (performing, composing and listening) are, for pragmatic reasons, assessed as separate components in the IGCSE course, but their interdependence cannot be overemphasised: music is composed so that others may perform it and audiences may listen to it. Composers in turn listen to other people’s music to inform their own creative decisions. Performers must listen critically to themselves to improve their accuracy and style, and to others to improve their sense of ensemble. Listening to music is enhanced by an understanding of its context and an awareness of how it has been composed and performed. Teachers should therefore seek to make links wherever possible between the different components in the syllabus. In particular, there are a number of musical features which are found in music of all periods and from around the world: these are addressed in Unit 1: General listening skills, but it is expected that they will be incorporated in all areas of the course. Recommended prior knowledge Learners embarking on this Cambridge IGCSE Music course will be required to perform, compose and listen to music, and they should therefore have an active interest in a range of musical activities. Most learners would normally have some prior experience of either playing an instrument or singing; however, the syllabus does not specify any minimum standard for the level of performing, as the music that is performed is chosen by the learner, and should be appropriate for their own level of musical and technical competence at the time of assessment (although the mark awarded for performing will be related to the skills demonstrated). It would be helpful (although not essential) for learners if their school music curriculum, before embarking on this Cambridge IGCSE course, had included some exposure to composing (perhaps in a small group, not necessarily individually). The listening and composing components of the course will require an ability to read and write musical notation; most learners would normally be able to read music before starting the course and this scheme of work assumes that they can: if they can’t, this skill should be taught as quickly as possible in the early stages of the course. Outline In this scheme of work, the listening component is mainly divided into units based around repertoire from different musical periods or areas of the world. However, there are certain musical features which are found in all music, and these are described in Unit 1, which should be seen as an ongoing (rather than self-contained) unit. For the western music topics, three or four representative works have been suggested which between them cover all of the styles and genres listed in the syllabus, but learners should be encouraged to listen to further examples of each. In a number of cases extra repertoire is suggested under the heading ‘comparing different styles’; it is important that learners understand that concertos, for example, are found in all music periods, even if your teaching focuses in detail on a concerto from the baroque era only. Teachers will note that the units are not strictly chronological; for many learners the classical and romantic styles may be the most accessible at the beginning of the course, but teachers should feel free to teach the units in chronological order if they prefer. Units 8 and 9 are concerned with the performing and composing components; these should be seen as ongoing skills which are developed throughout the course. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 3 The units within this scheme of work are: Unit 1: General listening skills (ongoing) Unit 2: Music in the Classical period Unit 3: Music in the Romantic period Unit 4: Baroque music Unit 5: Twentieth-century music Unit 6: World music (general) Unit 7: World focus and Set Work Unit 8: Performing (ongoing) Unit 9: Composing (ongoing) Differentiation Opportunities for differentiation are indicated throughout the scheme of work where activities are labelled as basic or challenging. Timings for activities and feedback are left to the judgement of the teacher, according to the level of the learners and size of the class. Length of time allocated to a task or activity is another possible area for differentiation. Formative assessment Opportunities are indicated throughout the scheme of work. Teacher support Teacher Support is a secure online resource bank and community forum for Cambridge teachers. Go to http://teachers.cie.org.uk for access to other resources including a discussion forum for teachers of music. Syllabus 0429 runs parallel to syllabus 0410 Cambridge IGCSE Music, with the same content and assessment structure. 0410 past question papers with accompanying CDs are available from Cambridge Publications at www.cie.org.uk/profiles/teachers/orderpub (although please note that the structure of past papers will be slightly different from the revised 2015 paper, although the style of questions will largely be similar). We also offer online and face-to-face training; details of forthcoming training opportunities are posted online. An editable version of this scheme of work is available on Teacher Support. The scheme of work is in Word doc format and will open in most word processors in most operating systems. If your word processor or operating system cannot open it, you can download Open Office for free at www.openoffice.org Resources An up-to-date resource list for Cambridge IGCSE Music, syllabus 0429, can be found at www.cie.org.uk Book: Sharma, E Music Worldwide Cambridge University Press, UK ISBN: 9780521376228; Accompanying CD ISBN: 9780521374811 V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 4 Teachers’ Guide to Prescribed Works: www.cie.org.uk/qualifications/academic/middlesec/igcse/subject?assdef_id=875 Specimen question paper (2015): To access the specimen materials for the 0429 syllabus, please go to the web page for Cambridge IGCSE Music, syllabus code 0410 from Teacher Support at http://teachers.cie.org.uk The CD is available for loan from Cambridge Publications at www.cie.org.uk/profiles/teachers/orderpub Recordings: A recording of the following pieces will be needed; at the time of writing all could be found online free of charge, or individual tracks could be purchased from a supplier such as iTunes. If using online recordings, please adhere to any copyright regulations applicable to your region. Beethoven: Funeral March from Symphony No. 3, Eroica Chopin: Étude in E, Op. 10. No. 3 Debussy: Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune Gershwin: I got rhythm Handel: Behold, a virgin shall conceive and O Thou that tellest good tidings to Zion from Messiah Haydn: Minuet and Trio (Poco allegretto) from String Quartet in B flat, Op. 50, No. 1 Johann Strauss: Roses from the South Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Overture Op. 21 OR Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez (Movements 1 and 2) – Set Works for 2015: Set Works change regularly so please check syllabus for the year the candidates will be taking the examination. Mozart: Allegro from Piano Sonata in C, K. 545 Mozart: Rondo from Horn Concerto No. 4 Prokofiev: Allegro from Symphony No. 1, Classical Purcell: Ah, Belinda from Dido and Aeneas Reich: Six Pianos Vivaldi: Autumn from The Four Seasons Scores: Please note: not all of the recordings listed above are available online because of copyright. http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/6/6e/IMSLP00608-Beethoven_-_Symphony_No.3_Mov_2.pdf http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/a/a2/IMSLP00307-Chopin_-_OP10_3.PDF http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/4/40/IMSLP14736-Debussy_-_Pr__lude____l_apr__s-midi_d_un_faune__orch._score_.pdf http://javanese.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/4/47/IMSLP11182-Handel_Messiah_No.8_Behold_No.9_O_Thou_That_Tellest.pdf http://conquest.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/f/ff/IMSLP05805-Haydn_-_Op._50__No._1.pdf http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/6/6f/IMSLP64335-PMLP22613-Strauss__Johann_-_Roses_in_the_South__Op._388__orch._score_.pdf http://conquest.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/a/a6/IMSLP27213-PMLP60228-Mendelssohnop21fullscore.pdf http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/a/a9/IMSLP56442-PMLP01855-Mozart_Werke_Breitkopf_Serie_20_KV545.pdf http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/1/17/IMSLP36466-PMLP05472-Purcell-Z626vsNov.pdf http://javanese.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/4/42/IMSLP11099-AutumnScore_Vivaldi.pdf V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 5 Key Signature Chart: http://musicmattersblog.com/wp-files/KeySignatureChart.pdf Four Seasons poem: http://inkpot.com/classical/vi4sonnets.html Impressionist painting: www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/claude-oscar-monet-the-gare-st-lazare Websites: This scheme of work includes website links providing direct access to internet resources. Cambridge International Examinations is not responsible for the accuracy or content of information contained in these sites. The inclusion of a link to an external website should not be understood to be an endorsement of that website or the site's owners (or their products/services). The particular website pages in the learning resource column of this scheme of work were selected when the scheme of work was produced. Other aspects of the sites were not checked and only the particular resources are recommended. www.bbc.co.uk/orchestras/learn/guidetotheorchestra/ www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/music/music_20th_century/reich1.shtml www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/music/world_music/ www.classicsforkids.com/shows/genre_baroque.asp www.classicsforkids.com/shows/genre_classical.asp www.classicsforkids.com/shows/genre_impressionist.asp www.classicsforkids.com/shows/genre_romantic.asp www.wcsmusic.org.uk/modules.asp www.wcsmusic.org.uk/modulegamelan.asp V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 6 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Unit 1: General listening skills Context This unit is ongoing and should be seen as integral to all areas of the course. Outline This unit describes some teaching strategies for developing general listening skills throughout all areas of the Cambridge IGCSE Music course. Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Learning resources Content of Component 1 Rudiments There are certain combinations of musical features that allow us to identify music as coming from different points in time or from different places in the world, and these are explored in Units 2–6. However, no matter where or when it comes from, virtually all music consists of melody, rhythm, structure and texture and is performed by ensembles and instruments or voices. Much of the music your learners will be listening to will also contain examples of the harmony, instrumental and/or vocal effects and compositional devices that are listed in the syllabus and learners should be given regular practice throughout the course in identifying these in a range of music from different times and places. Specimen paper 1 – available at http://teachers.cie.org.uk Melody and rhythm Harmony Ensembles and instruments/voices Instrumental and/or vocal effects Developing these general listening skills could form an integral part of every listening lesson. For example, you could start each lesson by focusing on the main melody of the music that you are going to be exploring. You could play this melody to the class, either in its original form from a recording, or just the melody line on its own played on an instrument. You could ask your learners to describe the melodic shape and metre: Specimen paper 1 CD – available from Cambridge Publications at www.cie.org.uk/profiles/teacher s/orderpub. Key Signature Chart: http://musicmattersblog.com/wp -files/KeySignatureChart.pdf Structure Compositional devices Does it move mostly by step or leap? Do the intervals ascend or descend? How many beats are there in each bar/measure? Texture This could then lead into regular practice of melodic or rhythmic dictation (in preparation for Section C of the examination). You could write out the main melody but leaving some notes out. V2 3Y08 As a basic activity, just leave out one or two notes at a time in a passage which moves by step or contains repeated notes. Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 7 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Learning resources As your learners become more proficient at this exercise, you can make the exercises more challenging by leaving out more notes and including larger intervals. You can do the same with rhythms. Look at the specimen paper for an example of the type of dictation question that your learners should expect to encounter. Compositional devices should be explained and then reinforced as and when examples of them occur in the music you are listening to; the link with learners’ own compositions should be made explicit. You could also make a link to performing by asking learners to bring in pieces they are learning, listening to the music as a class and then identifying its compositional devices. Likewise, instrumental and/or vocal effects, structure and texture could be discussed as they occur in the repertoire your learners are listening to, performing or composing. Knowledge of the rudiments of music may be tested in any section of the paper, and learners should be given regular practice in identifying keys and cadences, suggesting tempo and expression markings, and in recognising different types of articulation and ornaments. In Section C, they may be required to name intervals. Again, all of these skills could be an integral part of every lesson – an approach of ‘little and often’ to this type of work will usually lead to the best results. Look at Sections A–C of the specimen question paper for examples of the types of question that your learners should expect to encounter. A link to a useful key signature chart is included in the Resources section of the overview for this scheme of work and the learning resources column of this scheme of work. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 8 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Unit 2: Music in the Classical period Outline This unit will help learners to develop an understanding of the classical style through listening to a range of representative repertoire. Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Content of Component 1 Mozart: Rondo from Horn Concerto No. 4 Rudiments Play a recording of the Rondo from Mozart’s Horn Concerto No. 4 – initially, just the opening rondo theme. Melody and rhythm As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (major), main instrument (horn), accompaniment (small orchestra), number of beats per bar/measure (2 or 4) etc. More challenging listening activities could explore some of these areas further: e.g. there are 2 or 4 beats per bar/measure, but in compound time rather than simple time. The texture (melody and accompaniment/homophonic) and the regular phrase lengths should be identified. Ensembles and instruments Learning resources Recording: Mozart: Rondo from Horn Concerto No. 4 Structure Texture Genre Now investigate the structure: explain to learners that labelling distinct sections as A, B etc. helps to identify structure. As a basic listening activity, play the rondo theme (A), first episode (B), and return of the theme (A): this is an example of ternary structure. Having established this concept, play the whole recording to identify the rondo structure. A more challenging listening activity could ask the learners to identify these sections themselves, recognising when themes return, and/or exploring contrasts between the episodes and the rondo theme. Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of a concerto. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 9 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Learning resources Link to performing: if any learners are learning a rondo, they could perform it to the whole class. The class could be asked to identify the rondo theme and the episodes. Comparing different styles: Richard Strauss: Horn Concerto No. 1 Content of Component 1 Haydn: Minuet and Trio from String Quartet in B flat, Op. 50, No. 1 Rudiments Play a recording of the Minuet and Trio (Poco allegretto) from Haydn’s String Quartet in B flat – initially, just the Minuet. Melody and rhythm As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (major), instruments (strings), number of beats per bar/measure (3). More challenging listening activities could explore the cadences found in the minuet, helping the learners to hear the differences between the imperfect and the perfect cadences. Harmony Ensembles and instruments Genre Recording: Haydn: Minuet and Trio (Poco allegretto) from String Quartet in B flat, Op. 50, No. 1 Score: http://conquest.imslp.info/files/i mglnks/usimg/f/ff/IMSLP05805Haydn_-_Op._50__No._1.pdf Now play the recording of the Trio as well. As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to describe some of the similarities and differences between the minuet and the trio. More challenging listening activities could explore the use of syncopation found in the second half of the trio. Using a copy of the score, learners could be asked to identify some features of the music in more detail: e.g. key (B flat major) and articulation markings etc. Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of a minuet and trio and a string quartet. Link to performing: create an arrangement of a minuet and trio that can be played by your learners. Write out parts in appropriate keys for the different instruments that your learners play. Performing a minuet and trio will help to internalise its characteristics. Comparing different styles: Shostakovich: String Quartet No. 8 Content of Component 1 Mozart: Allegro from Piano Sonata in C, K. 545 Rudiments Play a recording of the Allegro from Mozart’s Piano Sonata in C – initially just the exposition (bars/measures 1–28). V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 Recording: Mozart: Allegro from Piano 10 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Melody and rhythm Sonata in C, K. 545 Harmony Ensembles and instruments Structure Learning resources As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (major), instrument (piano), number of beats per bar/measure (4). This piece provides excellent examples of Alberti bass (e.g. bars/measures 1–4 etc.) and sequence (e.g. bars/measure 5–8). As a more challenging listening activity, learners could be taught to recognise the use of the three primary triads in the opening bars/measures. Score: http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imgln ks/usimg/a/a9/IMSLP56442PMLP01855Mozart_Werke_Breitkopf_Serie _20_KV545.pdf Compositional devices Now play the development section as well (bars/measures 28–41). Genre A more challenging activity (perhaps in pairs) would be to ask learners to explore the music in this section; using the score, they should look at the different ways in which Mozart develops the themes introduced in the exposition (e.g. presenting themes in the minor key). Finally, play the recapitulation (bar/measure 42 to end), asking learners to observe similarities and differences with the exposition, and noting the overall ternary structure. Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of a sonata. Link to performing: if any learners are learning a sonata they could perform it to the whole class. The class could be asked to compare similarities and differences between the pieces. Comparing different styles: Bartók: Piano Sonata Formative assessment To check learners’ understanding of this unit, they could be asked (individually or in groups) to give a presentation on the characteristics of classical music. The presentation should include a variety of music examples chosen from beyond those studied in the class lessons. Revision and self-study The Classics for Kids website contains further listening examples and a narrated description of the characteristics of the classical style. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 Classics for kids – classical music: www.classicsforkids.com/shows /genre_classical.asp 11 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Unit 3: Music in the Romantic period Outline This unit will help learners to develop an understanding of the Romantic style through listening to a range of representative repertoire. Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Content of Component 1 Beethoven: Funeral March from Symphony No. 3, Eroica Rudiments Play a recording of Beethoven’s Marcia Funebre (Funeral March) from Symphony No. 3, Eroica. Melody and rhythm Harmony As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (minor), instruments (symphony orchestra), texture (melody and accompaniment/ homophonic), number of beats per bar/measure (2 or 4) etc. The very distinctive character of this music could be discussed. Ensembles and instruments Texture More challenging listening activities could ask learners to identify the individual instruments which are heard at different points in the movement (e.g. the oboe solo in bar/measure 9 onwards). Using the score, learners could identify the key, cadences and modulations. Learning resources Recording: Beethoven: Funeral March from Symphony No. 3, Eroica Score: http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imgln ks/usimg/6/6e/IMSLP00608Beethoven__Symphony_No.3_Mov_2.pdf Genre Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of a march and a symphony. Link to performing: create an arrangement of a march that can be played by your learners. Write out parts in appropriate keys for the different instruments that your learners play. Performing a march will help to internalise its characteristics. Comparing different styles: Walton: Crown Imperial Project: the instruments of the orchestra In groups, learners could investigate the instruments of the symphony orchestra, perhaps by taking one instrument or instrumental family per group. They could give a presentation with music examples about their instrument or instrumental family, looking at its history and development, and use as a solo instrument as well as in the orchestra. The link to the BBC orchestra’s website may provide a good V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 A guide to the orchestra: www.bbc.co.uk/orchestras/learn /guidetotheorchestra/ 12 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Learning resources starting point. This will help them to identify instruments more accurately in listening questions. Content of Component 1 Chopin Étude in E, Op. 10, No. 3 Rudiments Play a recording of Chopin’s Étude in E, Op. 10, No. 3. A. Melody and rhythm Harmony Ensembles and instruments As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (major), solo instrument (piano), texture (melody and accompaniment/homophonic), number of beats per bar/measure (2 or 4) etc. Now play the second section of the work asking learners to describe the different ways in which the music provides a contrast from the opening section. Recording: Chopin: Étude in E, Op. 10, No.3 Score: http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imgln ks/usimg/a/a2/IMSLP00307Chopin_-_OP10_3.PDF Structure Texture Finally, play the whole work; learners could be asked to identify the structure of the piece as a whole (ternary). Genre As a more challenging listening activity, some of the chromatic harmony of this piece could be explored. Learners could also be asked to describe how the dynamic markings contribute to the character of this music. Comparing different styles: György Ligeti: Études Content of Component 1 Johann Strauss: Roses from the South Rudiments Play a recording of Johann Strauss’s waltz Rosen aus dem Süden (Roses from the South) starting at the Tempo di valse (page 7 of the score) – initially to the end of the first waltz on page 14. Melody and rhythm Harmony Ensembles and instruments Instrumental effects As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (major), instruments (orchestra), texture (melody and accompaniment/homophonic), number of beats per bar/measure (3–depending on the recording chosen, this may also seem like one beat per bar, and could be discussed) etc. Next, learners could be asked to describe the nature of the accompaniment, to discover the characteristic ‘oom-cha-cha’ pattern. Examples of pizzicato playing can be found in the cello part. Texture Score: http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imgln ks/usimg/6/6f/IMSLP64335PMLP22613Strauss__Johann__Roses_in_the_South__Op._38 8__orch._score_.pdf Now play the second waltz, starting on page 15. Learners could be asked to compare the similarities and differences between this section and the first. Genre V2 Recording: Johann Strauss: Roses from the South 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 13 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Learning resources More challenging listening activities could use the score to help identify the key, cadences and modulations. Comparing different styles: Ravel: Valses nobles et sentimentales. Link to performing: create an arrangement of a waltz that can be played by your learners. Write out parts in appropriate keys for the different instruments that your learners play. Performing a waltz will help to internalise its characteristics. Formative assessment To check learners’ understanding of this unit, they could be asked (individually or in groups) to give a presentation on the characteristics of romantic music. The presentation should include a variety of music examples chosen from beyond those studied in the class lessons. Revision and self-study The Classics for Kids website contains further listening examples and a narrated description of the characteristics of the romantic style. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 Classics for kids – romantic music: www.classicsforkids.com/shows /genre_romantic.asp 14 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Unit 4: Baroque music Outline This unit will help learners to develop an understanding of the baroque style through listening to a range of representative repertoire. Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Content of Component 1 Purcell: Ah, Belinda from Dido and Aeneas Rudiments Play a recording of Ah, Belinda from Dido and Aeneas. Melody and rhythm Ensembles and instruments/voices Vocal effects Structure As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (minor), type of voice (soprano), accompaniment (harpsichord and cello), number of beats per bar/measure (3) etc. Ah, Belinda is structured over a ground bass. Explain the concept of ground bass, and then play the recording again. As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify how many times the ground bass is heard. A more challenging activity could focus on the different phrase lengths in the vocal part and the extent to which they do or do not coincide with the ground bass repetitions. This piece provides a good example of melisma (on the word ‘languish’) and the use of bass continuo. Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of opera. Learning resources Recording: Purcell: Ah, Belinda from Dido and Aeneas Score: http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imgln ks/usimg/1/17/IMSLP36466PMLP05472-PurcellZ626vsNov.pdf (pages 5–7) Genre Link to composing: learners could compose (or be given) a short ground bass and then create some melodic phrases to be performed against the repeating bass line. Composing a ground bass will help to internalise its characteristics. Comparing different styles: Puccini: Nessun Dorma Content of Component 1 Rudiments V2 3Y08 Vivaldi: Autumn from The Four Seasons Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 15 Syllabus reference Melody and rhythm Suggested teaching activities Learning resources Play a recording of the final movement of Autumn from The Four Seasons. Recording: Vivaldi: Autumn from The Four Seasons Harmony Ensembles and instruments Instrumental effects Structure Compositional devices As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (major), solo instrument (violin), accompaniment (strings and harpsichord), number of beats per bar/measure (3) etc. This piece provides good examples of double-stopping and repetition. Explain to learners that this movement is an example of ritornello structure (similar to rondo, but the theme is often modified and can return in keys other than the tonic) and teach them to recognise the return of the ritornello theme. As a more challenging listening activity, learners could be taught to recognise the modulation to the dominant key in the middle section of the movement. They could also be asked to compare the similarities and differences between the different episodes and/or the ritornello theme. Score: http://javanese.imslp.info/files/i mglnks/usimg/4/42/IMSLP1109 9-AutumnScore_Vivaldi.pdf (pages 13–23) Poem: http://inkpot.com/classical/vi4so nnets.html Genre Vivaldi’s music is based on a poem about the four seasons. As a group activity, learners could explore how Vivaldi portrays the different aspects of the poem in his music. They could use the score to help them – Vivaldi indicates which aspect of the poem he is ‘setting’ at different sections in the movement. Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of a baroque concerto. Comparing different styles: Bruch: Violin Concerto Content of Component 1 Handel: Messiah Rudiments Play a recording of the recitative Behold, a virgin shall conceive. Teach your learners to recognise the characteristics of recitative. Recording: Handel: Messiah Next, play a recording of the aria O Thou that tellest good tidings to Zion – initially just the alto solo, stopping the recording before the chorus entry. As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (major), solo voice (alto), accompaniment (strings and harpsichord/organ – this will depend on the recording chosen), number of beats per bar/measure (depending on the recording, some learners may hear this as three fast beats, or two slower beats – this can lead into a useful discussion on compound time) etc. Note that there is an extended example of melisma after rehearsal letter F. More challenging listening activities could use the score to help identify the key, cadences and modulations. Score: http://javanese.imslp.info/files/i mglnks/usimg/4/47/IMSLP1118 2Handel_Messiah_No.8_Behold _No.9_O_Thou_That_Tellest.pd f Melody and rhythm Harmony Ensembles and instruments/voices Vocal effects Texture Now play the chorus section which follows the solo. Listening activities could focus on the texture, V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 16 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Genre which is initially polyphonic before becoming homophonic. Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of an oratorio. Learning resources Comparing different styles: Mendelssohn: Elijah Formative assessment To check learners’ understanding of this unit, they could be asked (individually or in groups) to give a presentation on the characteristics of baroque music. The presentation should include a variety of music examples chosen from beyond those studied in the class lessons. Revision and self-study The Classics for Kids website contains further listening examples and a narrated description of the characteristics of the baroque style. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 Classics for kids – baroque music: www.classicsforkids.com/shows /genre_baroque.asp 17 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Unit 5: Twentieth-century music Outline This unit will help learners to develop an understanding of some of the extremely varied approaches taken to composition in the Twentieth Century through listening to a range of representative repertoire. Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Content of Component 1 Debussy: Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune Melody and rhythm Play a recording of Debussy’s Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune – initially from the beginning to rehearsal figure 3 (on page 8). Ensembles and instruments Instrumental effects As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. the first solo instrument heard (flute) and the accompanying instruments (orchestra). They should be asked to try and describe the character of the music. Texture As a more challenging listening activity they could compare the different textures found in the opening section each time the opening flute solo returns. The very beginning is a good example of monophonic texture; instrumental effects found in this section include tremolo (strings) and glissando (harp). Next, play the whole of the recording, listening out for features such as the use of the chromatic scale, and muted horns and pizzicato basses at the very end. The concept of impressionism could be discussed by showing paintings such as Monet’s Gare St Lazare. Learning resources Recording: Debussy: Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune Score: http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imgln ks/usimg/4/40/IMSLP14736Debussy__Pr__lude____l_apr__smidi_d_un_faune__orch._score _.pdf Painting: www.nationalgallery.org.uk/pain tings/claude-oscar-monet-thegare-st-lazare Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of impressionist music. Link to composing: the whole tone scale is found frequently in Debussy’s music (e.g. the first bar/measure of page 9). Learners could explore some of the different textures and effects that can be created using just the notes of the whole-tone scale. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 18 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Content of Component 1 Prokofiev: Allegro from Symphony No. 1, Classical Melody and rhythm Play a recording of the first movement (Allegro) of Prokofiev’s Symphony No. 1. Ensembles and instruments As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (major), instruments (orchestra), number of beats per bar/measure (2) etc. As a more challenging listening activity they could be asked to describe in detail the texture of the music in different passages. Texture Genre Learning resources Recording: Prokofiev: Allegro from Symphony No. 1, Classical (The score is still copyright in most countries.) Next, play a recording of a symphony by Haydn. Learners could compare the two performances listening for similarities as well as differences. Use their observations as the basis of an explanation of the characteristic features of neo-classical music. Comparing different styles: Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C minor Content of Component 1 Gershwin: I got rhythm Melody and rhythm Play a recording of a vocal version of Gershwin’s I got rhythm from the musical Girl Crazy – initially the chorus only (I got rhythm). Ensembles and instruments/voices As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. scale/key (major), voice and instruments (these will vary according to the chosen recording), texture (melody and accompaniment), number of beats per bar/measure (2) etc. Next, focus on the syncopated rhythm – you could ask some of the class to clap the strong beats of the basic pulse, while others clap the rhythm of the melody – they should soon notice the effect of syncopation. As a more challenging listening activity, play one or two more different performances of the same piece. Learners could be asked to compare the different ways the song is performed. Texture Genre Recording: Gershwin: I got rhythm (The sheet music is still copyright in most countries, but is easily found in song collections.) Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of jazz and musicals. Link to performing: if any learners are learning a song or instrumental piece in a jazz style, they could perform it to the whole class. The class could be asked to identify the jazz elements that they hear in the music. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 19 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Content of Component 1 Reich: Six Pianos Play a recording (or even better still, watch a video – there are plenty online) of Reich’s Six Pianos. Melody and rhythm As a basic listening activity, learners could be asked to identify some different features of the music: e.g. main compositional device (ostinato), number of beats per bar/measure (2) etc and to describe how the texture of the music is made up of different layers of sound. As a more challenging listening activity, explore with learners how Reich slightly changes the patterns from time to time to create variety in the piece. Ensembles and instruments Learning resources Recording: Reich: Six Pianos (The score is copyright) Texture Learners should be taught about the characteristic features of minimalism. Link to composing: composing in a minimalist style is harder than it might first appear, but learners could explore some of the textures and effects that can be created using short, repeating melodic patterns in different layers. Formative assessment To check learners’ understanding of this unit, they could be asked (individually or in groups) to give a presentation on the different styles of twentieth century music they have studied. The presentation should include a variety of music examples chosen from beyond those studied in the class lessons. Revision and self-study The Classics for Kids website contains further listening examples and a narrated description of the characteristics of impressionist music. The BBC GCSE Bitesize website contains further information on minimalism. Classics for kids – impressionist music: www.classicsforkids.com/shows /genre_impressionist.asp Minimalism: www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebit esize/music/music_20th_centur y/reich1.shtml V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 20 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Unit 6: World music (general) Outline This unit will help learners to develop an understanding of music around the world through listening to a range of representative repertoire. Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Content of Component 1 Arab music and the music of Africa Melody and rhythm Work through pages 5–15 and 30–33 of Music Worldwide, completing the assignments as appropriate. Learners should be taught to recognise the sound of the following specific instruments: Learning resources Book and CD: Sharma, E: Music Worldwide Ensembles and instruments Compositional devices Texture Rabāb Kora Xylophone ‘Ūd. Virtual West African Drumming: www.wcsmusic.org.uk/modules. asp Playing videos (easily found on websites such as YouTube) is a very good way for learners to become familiar with these instruments. They should also be familiar with the following general characteristics of music from this part of the world: Syncopation Polyrhythm Ostinato. In addition to listening activities, an engaging way to teach aspects of African music is through African drumming; using a range of drums, teach your class to perform some African polyrhythms. More able learners can be given more complex rhythms to play. You could also sing some African songs to become familiar with the characteristics of the homophonic vocal style and call and response singing. Learners could also explore the virtual African drumming activities on the suggested website. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 21 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Learning resources Revision and self-study Learners could explore the section on African music from the BBC GCSE Bitesize website, which includes a test. Content of Component 1 Latin American music Melody and rhythm Note that Music Worldwide does not contain a chapter on Latin American Music. As a guide, exploring Tango (Argentina), music for pan pipes (Andes) and Mariachi music (Mexico) will give learners a good introduction to many of the characteristic features of Latin American in general – they do not need to be able to identify music from specific Latin American countries. Ensembles and instruments World music: www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebit esize/music/world_music/ Texture Learners should be taught to recognise the sound of the following specific instruments: Bandoneon Pan-pipes Charango Guitar. Playing videos (easily found on websites such as YouTube) is a very good way for learners to become familiar with these instruments. They should also be familiar with the following general characteristics of music from this part of the world: Syncopation Homophonic texture In addition to listening activities, learners could play class arrangements of some Latin American music, e.g. Tangos. Some learners may be learning Latin American pieces individually; they could perform these, and the class could identify the Latin American features in the music. Content of Component 1 Chinese music Melody and rhythm Work through pages 57–64 of Music Worldwide, completing the assignments as appropriate. Learners should be taught to recognise the sound of the following specific instruments: Book and CD: Sharma, E: Music Worldwide Ensembles and instruments V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 22 Syllabus reference Instrumental effects Suggested teaching activities Learning resources Ch’in Dizi Erh-hu. Playing videos (easily found on websites such as YouTube) is a very good way for learners to become familiar with these instruments. They should also be familiar with the following general characteristics of music from this part of the world: Pentatonic scale Pitch bending Ornaments. In addition to listening activities, learners could be taught how basic Chinese musical notation works, and could be asked to compose short melodies which they notate using Chinese notation. Content of Component 1 Indian music Melody and rhythm Work through pages 34–46 of Music Worldwide, completing the assignments as appropriate. Learners should be taught to recognise the sound of the following specific instruments: Book and CD: Sharma, E: Music Worldwide Ensembles and instruments Instrumental effects Texture Bansuri Sitar Sārangī Tablā. Playing videos (easily found on websites such as YouTube) is a very good way for learners to become familiar with these instruments. They should also be familiar with the following general characteristics of music from this part of the world: V2 3Y08 Texture (melody and drone) Pitch bending Ornaments. Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 23 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Learning resources In addition to listening activities, learners could compose some short melodies based on one of the ragas in Music Worldwide. Revision and self-study Learners could explore the section on Indian music from the BBC GCSE Bitesize website, which includes a test. Content of Component 1 Indonesian music Ensembles and instruments Work through pages 47–56 of Music Worldwide, completing the assignments as appropriate. Learners should be taught to recognise the sound of the general ensemble: World music: www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebit esize/music/world_music/ Book and CD: Sharma, E: Music Worldwide Texture Gamelan Playing videos (easily found on websites such as YouTube) is a very good way for learners to become familiar with these instruments. The Virtual Javanese Gamelan: www.wcsmusic.org.uk/moduleg amelan.asp They should also be familiar with the following general characteristic of music from this part of the world: Heterophonic texture In addition to listening activities, learners could explore the virtual Javanese Gamelan on the suggested website. Revision and self-study Learners could explore the section on Gamelan from the BBC GCSE Bitesize website, which includes a test. Content of Component 1 Japanese music Ensembles and instruments Work through pages 65–69 of Music Worldwide, completing the assignments as appropriate. Learners should be taught to recognise the sound of the following specific instruments: World music: www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebit esize/music/world_music/ Book and CD: Sharma, E: Music Worldwide Texture V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 24 Syllabus reference Suggested teaching activities Learning resources Shakuhachi Koto Shō Playing videos (easily found on websites such as YouTube) is a very good way for learners to become familiar with these instruments. They should also be familiar with the following general characteristics of music from this part of the world: Heterophonic texture In addition to listening activities, learners could perform some Japanese melodies. Formative assessment To check learners’ understanding of this unit, they could be asked (individually or in groups) to give a presentation about the different areas of world music they have studied. The presentation should include a variety of music examples chosen from beyond those studied in the class lessons. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 25 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Unit 7: World focus and Set Work Recommended prior knowledge Before studying this unit, learners should have studied Units 1–6 of this Cambridge IGCSE Music scheme of work. Context Learners must study the prescribed world focus, and one of the two prescribed Set Works. Teachers should consult the syllabus carefully to check which world focus and Set Works are prescribed for the relevant year of examination. Outline This unit will help learners to develop a deeper understanding of music from one area of world music, and a detailed knowledge of the compositional processes and structure etc. of their chosen Set Work. Suggested teaching activities Learning resources Arab music and the music of Africa (for examination in 2015) Learners should study the section on Arab music and the music of Africa in Unit 6 in close detail. The syllabus specifies the exact knowledge which is required; all information can be found in the specified pages of Music Worldwide. Book and CD: Sharma, E: Music Worldwide Section B of the specimen paper indicates the style of questions that may be asked for the world music focus. Specimen paper available at http://teachers.cie.org.uk Effective teaching and learning strategies could include use of videos (easily found on YouTube) and learner projects/ presentations about Arab music and the music of Africa. Specimen CD – available for loan from Cambridge Publications at www.cie.org.uk/profiles/teachers/orderpub Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Overture Op. 21 (for examination in 2015) The Cambridge website contains very detailed notes for guidance on teaching the Set Works at http://teachers.cie.org.uk. These notes explain the range of knowledge expected in this section; the teaching strategies described in units 1–5 should be used as appropriate when teaching the Set Work. Section D of the specimen paper indicates the style of questions that may be asked for the western Set Work. V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 Recording: Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Overture Score: http://conquest.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usi 26 Suggested teaching activities Learning resources mg/a/a6/IMSLP27213-PMLP60228Mendelssohnop21fullscore.pdf Teachers’ Guide to Prescribed/Set Works: www.cie.org.uk/qualifications/academic/mi ddlesec/igcse/subject?assdef_id=875 Specimen paper available at http://teachers.cie.org.uk Specimen CD – available for loan from Cambridge Publications at www.cie.org.uk/profiles/teachers/orderpub Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez (Movements 1 and 2) (for examination in 2015 and 2016) The Cambridge website contains very detailed notes for guidance on teaching the Set Works at http://teachers.cie.org.uk These notes explain the range of knowledge expected in this section; the teaching strategies described in units 1–5 should be used as appropriate when teaching the Set Work. Recording: Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez The score is copyright and will need to be purchased from a sheet music supplier Section D of the specimen paper indicates the style of questions that may be asked for the western Set Work. Teachers’ Guide to Prescribed/Set Works: www.cie.org.uk/qualifications/academic/mi ddlesec/igcse/subject?assdef_id=875 Specimen paper available at http://teachers.cie.org.uk Specimen CD – available for loan from Cambridge Publications at www.cie.org.uk/profiles/teachers/orderpub V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 27 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Unit 8: Performing (ongoing) Recommended prior knowledge See Overview page 1. Context Learners must record one solo and one ensemble performance. Outline This unit suggests some ways in which performing activities can be integrated into class lessons. Suggested teaching activities By the end of the course, learners should have recorded a solo and an ensemble performance, of between four and ten minutes’ duration in total (see syllabus). In most cases, the teaching of instruments and/or singing is likely to take place outside of the classroom; however, from a learner’s perspective, playing their instrument or singing is perhaps the thing they enjoy they most about music and may well be the reason they chose to study Cambridge IGCSE Music in the first place. Teachers should therefore seek opportunities wherever possible to integrate performing into their lessons. There are many ways to do this: Ask learners to play examples of music in the style that you are studying. Demonstrate rudiments (e.g. articulation or ornamentation) or different instrumental effects (e.g. arco or pizzicato) by asking the learners to play them on their instruments. Find compositional devices in music from any style that your learners are playing. Learners perform their own and each other’s compositions The responsibility for arranging an ensemble is most likely to lie with the school music teacher. Bear in mind the following points when doing this: Not everyone in an ensemble has to be a candidate for the examination, or even a learner at the school. Teachers may be members of ensembles. It is important that the ensemble music is the right level for the learner – this can be harder to achieve than for solo repertoire, but must not be neglected if the learner is to demonstrate their best skills. Existing ensemble music may be appropriate, but teachers may need to arrange and adapt music to fit their circumstances. See the syllabus and examiner reports for detailed guidance on acceptable ensemble submissions and for information on assessing and submitting the performances at http://teachers.cie.org.uk V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 28 Scheme of work – Cambridge IGCSE® Music (US) 0429 Unit 9: Composing (ongoing) Context Learners must complete two contrasting compositions. Outline This unit suggests some ways in which composing skills can be developed. Suggested teaching activities By the end of the course, learners should have completed two contrasting compositions, which must be notated and recorded (see syllabus). The skills of composition are learned and developed over time, and it is recommended that composition is taught throughout the course, rather than as a self-contained unit. As a basic introduction to composing, learners could be taught how to handle simple chord sequences and cadences, and introduced to the principles of melody writing and word setting. They could learn how to create accompanying patterns for different instruments. More challenging work will include learning about modulation, and using compositional devices to extend and develop compositions (there is a clear link to the listening units here). They may notate their compositions using music software, but should also be given the chance to hear their ideas played by real instruments whenever possible. There is no restriction on the style of music that can be submitted, or the instruments or voices for which it can be written. Some suitable projects may include: Song writing Theme and variations Pieces with a ternary or rondo structure. This list is not exhaustive, and learners may submit pieces in any style, structure or genre of their choice. See the syllabus and examiner reports for information on assessing and submitting the performances at http://teachers.cie.org.uk . ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 V2 3Y08 Cambridge IGCSE Music (US) 0429 29