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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
0426/03
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES (US)
Paper 3
October/November 2013
INSERT (Resource Booklet)
1 hour 15 minutes
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
This Insert contains Sources 1 to 5. The time spent reading these Sources is allowed for within the examination.
This document consists of 4 printed pages.
DC (CW/JG) 76117
© UCLES 2013
[Turn over
2
Source 1
Chocolate consumption in 2007
12
10
8
Kilos
per 6
person
4
Country
Source 2
Production of cocoa beans in 2009
Rest of
world
20%
36%
Brazil
Nigeria
Ivory
Coast
4%
7%
14%
Indonesia
19%
Ghana
Cocoa beans are an important ingredient of chocolate.
© UCLES 2013
0426/03/INSERT/O/N/13
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0
SA
2
3
Source 3
The cost of producing chocolate
4000
3500
Price of
cocoa
beans
in US
dollars
per
metric
tonne
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
Year
The cost of producing chocolate was even higher in 2011, partly because the cost of raw
materials such as cocoa had risen. There were two main causes of this price rise. First, in
2010 investors bought up cocoa supplies, so that they could sell the cocoa at a higher price
to chocolate makers. Second, there were political troubles in Ivory Coast when the president
ignored the result of a general election and tried to stay in power. This led to problems with the
supply of cocoa beans.
In consequence, the price of chocolate increased.
© UCLES 2013
0426/03/INSERT/O/N/13
[Turn over
4
Source 4
An investigation into the supply chain that delivers much of the chocolate sold in the
UK found evidence of child slave labor.
Figures compiled by the US State Department show that an estimated 100,000
children from Ivory Coast work in the cocoa industry.
Source 5
Report in a Canadian newspaper
A highly profitable multi-national chocolate producing company has been accused
of buying cocoa from countries where child exploitation occurs. In an interview
the chairman of the company stated: “You cannot say that children living in rural
environments are not allowed to work. That is almost impossible. If you go into some
european countries in the month of September, schools have one week’s holiday so
that children can help in the wine harvesting. Likewise, children in developing countries
work on cocoa farms – what we try to ensure is that these children can both work and
have access to schooling.”
Online responses to the Report
No_slavery
Your position on child labor makes it “almost impossible” for me to buy your
products.
Get_real
There’s no such thing as NO child labor. My kids do chores, one delivers
newspapers, one helps in the family business. They’re 12 and 15. Life’s like that.
Especially on farms, kids always help with the family business. So we should have
no illusion that there’s no “child labor” here in Canada.
Parents in poor countries need their kids to bring in some of the family’s income.
If a company can provide on-site schooling and enrol all the children, then that’s a
great deal by local standards. It’s a path out of poverty. As long as there’s balance
in that child’s life, then it’s ethically not a problem.
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Source 3 © adapted: http://www.howprofit.com/portfolio/future/long-term-cocoa-price.html.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2013
0426/03/INSERT/O/N/13