SOLAR DYNAMIC
OBSERVATORY
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International Geophysical Year
1957-1958
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NAS
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The very high
energy radiations
are absorbed in
the upper
atmosphere and
do not penetrate to
the earth’s
surface.
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The visible and
infrared radiations
reach the earth
and determine our
climate, create our
weather, warm the
earth’s surface,
and, through reradiation, warm its
atmosphere.
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But this portion of
the spectrum
remains
unchanged year
after year, varying
at most only by
fractions of one
percent.
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The portion we
cannot see-- the
radio waves, X
rays, and other
high frequency
and particle
radiations-- do
change markedly,
according to solar
activity.
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By observing
these changes,
scientists learn
much about the
sun and earth and
their relationships.
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Putting a satellite
into orbit is
simply an
extension of
rocketry…
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It may say aloft
for years instead
of only a few
minutes, and it
covers a wide
range of latitudes
or longitudes, or
both.
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Within less than
an hour it can
obtain data on
both the day and
night sides of the
earth and the
summer and
winter regions.
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…Satellites have
already helped
us make more
precise
measurements of
the density of
“empty” space.
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They have
encountered a
band of intense
solar radiation
that appears to
double every 60
miles above 250
miles to the
greatest height
yet reached.
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So far, it appears
that the radiation
is trapped in this
region by the
earth’s magnetic
field.
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Since 2004: 641 spotless days
Typical Solar Min: 485 days
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The Solar Dynamics Observatory
(SDO) is the first Living With a Star
NASA mission.
http://lws.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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It will use
telescopes to
study the Sun’s
magnetic field
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The interior of
the Sun
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And changes in solar
activity.
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The primary goal of the SDO
mission is to understand the solar
variations that influence life on
Earth
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And humanity’s
technological
systems.
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
How is the Sun’s
magnetic field
generated and
structured?
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
How is the sun’s stored
magnetic energy converted
and released into space?
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
How are solar wind, energetic
particles, and variations in the
solar irradiance formed?
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SDO Provides HD Resolution Information
What information can you obtain from this
image?
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Versus this image?
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• 50 times better spatial resolution
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SDO Team
• NASA and three Instrument Teams
are building SDO
– NASA/ Goddard Space Flight
Center: build spacecraft, integrate
the instruments, provide launch
and mission operations
– Lockheed Martin & Stanford
University: AIA & HMI
– LASP/University of Colorado: EVE
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Atlas V carries Rainbow 1
into orbit, July 2003.
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SDO Data and Science
Images of Sun’s surface
(photosphere)
-measuring magnetic field and probing the
interior
Chromospheric & Coronal
Imaging
-pictures of the sun’s corona (outer layer)
Spectral Irradiance
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- -measuring specific intensity of Extreme
Ultraviolet (EUV)
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SDO Observatory
Instrument
Module
AIA SUITE
Solar Arrays
• Mass: 3000 kg
• Power: 1000 W
HMI
• Width: 6 m
• Height: 4.7 m
S/C Bus &
Prop. Modules
EVE
Antenna Booms
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SDO Observatory
Solar Arrays
SDO Investigations:
• Extreme Ultraviolet
Variability Experiment
(EVE)
Measures the solar
extreme ultraviolet (EUV)
irradiance to understand
variations, such as flares,
that impact Earth.
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EVE
Antenna Booms
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16JAN03 31JAN03
Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation
… emerges from the Sun’s outer layers
(chromosphere, transition region, and corona)
Heliosphe
re
2×106 K
11-year solar cycle
Corona
8×104 KChromosphere-TR
6×103 K Photosphere
Surface Magnetic
… varies
continuously,
by 50% to
100X
http://umbra.nascom.n
asa.gov/
EVE
From Judith Lean
EVE
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EVE Data & Research
Measure Changes in Extreme Ultraviolet
EUV &
X Rays
Create
Earth’s
Ionosphere
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EVE Data & Research
All of the radiation measured by
EVE is absorbed above 75 km, most
above 100 km.
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The Atmosphere Filters Some Spectra
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SDO Observatory
Solar Arrays
SDO Investigations:
Helioseismic Magnetic
Imager (HMI)
HMI
Images the Sun’s magnetic
fields to understand the Sun’s
interior and magnetic activity.
Antenna Booms
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HMI: “Seeing” Magnetic Fields
The Sun’s
magnetic
field.
SOHO/MDI,
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One ‘day’ in the
life of the Sun’s
magnetic field
(January 2004.)
January 14, 2004
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Solar Cycle at the Poles
Potential to observe the solar
polar field reversal
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HMI: An Ultrasound of the Sun
Measuring
Velocities Inside
the Sun
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HMI: An Ultrasound of the Sun
Observing Solar
Weather!
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SDO Observatory
AIA SUITE
Solar Arrays
SDO Investigations:
Atmospheric Imaging
Assembly (AIA)
High-resolution images of the
corona over a wide range of
temperatures.
Antenna Booms
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AIA: It’s the Time Dependence
• HD images of
the corona
• Highresolution &
high-cadence
views of solar
activity and
flares.
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Summary
Instrument
Module
AIA SUITE
Solar Arrays
• Launch Date:
November 2009
HMI
S/C Bus &
Prop. Modules
EVE
Antenna Booms
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Excitement!
DVD Featuring:
•All About EVE
•Tour of LASP
•Science Careers
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http://strandmaps.nsdl.org
•Solar System
•Chemical Reactions
•Stars
•Laws of Motion
•Atoms and Molecules
•Waves
•Conservation of Matter
•Energy Transformations
•States of Matter
•Electricity and Magnetism
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http://strandmaps.nsdl.org
Increasingly
sophisticated technology
is used to learn about
the universe. Visual,
radio, and x-ray
telescopes collect
information from across
the entire spectrum of
electromagnetic waves;
computers handle an
avalanche of data
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http://strandmaps.nsdl.org
Increasingly
sophisticated technology
is used to learn about
the universe. Visual,
radio, and x-ray
telescopes collect
information from across
the entire spectrum of
electromagnetic waves;
computers handle an
avalanche of data
SDO EPO- DRAFTFEB2008
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http://strandmaps.nsdl.org
Increasingly
sophisticated technology
is used to learn about
the universe. Visual,
radio, and x-ray
telescopes collect
information from across
the entire spectrum of
electromagnetic waves;
computers handle an
avalanche of data
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National Science Education Standards
•Earth in the solar system
•Energy in the earth system
•Origin and evolution of the
universe
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National Science Education Standards
•Understanding about science
and technology
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Space-Age Perspectives
Lacking in State Standards
•More than 50% of states
fail to incorporate spaceage perspectives in their
standards!
•Colorado- indirectly
•California, Florida, Texas,
not at all
Hoffman & Barstow, 2007
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EVE EPO
Past
•Pilot Project with MESA St.
Vrain School District,
Skyline High School,
Longmont, CO
•Semester-long spaceweather program for
English Second Language
Learners
•Include the use of Sudden
Ionospheric Disturbance
(SID) Monitor
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EVE EPO
Present
•Expanding into other
MESA Schools (after and
during school)
•Developing and testing a
space weather education
kit
•Materials available online
•DVD with tour of LASP,
interviews with scientists,
overview of space weather
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EVE EPO
Future
•Sharing EPO materials with
other SDO programs
•Collaborating with LASP on
Space Science Education
Summit (June) and
Journalist Workshop (Prelaunch)
•Expand the network and
emphasize best practices
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Diversity
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Mathematics, Science and
Engineering Achievement (MESA)
• MESA is a nation-wide
program in eight states
• Academic after-school
program for students (grades
6-12)
• Focus on under-represented
or disadvantaged students
•Colorado MESA: 90% enroll in college, 82% enroll in
math/science majors
•Researchers visit sites, students visit researchers
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Serving English Language Learners
• The number of ELL
students enrolled
in public school
nearly tripled
between 1993 and
2005,
• From about 2
million to 5.5
million (US Dept.
of Education)
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Serving English Language Learners
• “State tests show
that ELL students’
school performance
is far below that
of other students,
oftentimes 20 to 30
percentage points,
and usually shows
little improvement
across many years”
(Abedi, 2004)
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EVE MESA elective course
• All Hispanic ELL, many
recent immigrants
• Students need science to
graduate, can not take
traditional science courses
due to language barriers
• EVE MESA provides an in-school elective course for
science credit
• Course is taught in English, support is available in
Spanish if needed
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EVE MESA elective course
• Students often cannot attend
after-school because of
work/child care
responsibilities
• Students often struggle to
remain attached to school
• EVE MESA provides an in-school elective course for
science credit
• Course is taught in English, support is available in
Spanish if needed
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Scientists
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Role of Science Team
• Provide scientific
accuracy oversight
of materials.
• Provide data,
animations and/or
graphics.
• Visit classrooms
and/or MESA sites
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LASP postdoctoral
fellow supports MESA
students in classroom
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Role of Science Team
• Appear in EVE MESA
videos.
• Contribute to
career awareness
• Take part in
professional
development
workshops
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LASP postdoctoral
fellow supports MESA
students in classroom
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http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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http://lasp.colorado.edu/eve/
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