TABLES
S.1.
Positions Opened to Women by Law and Policy
Since April 1993.............................
xvii
1.1.
Individuals Represented by Written Survey ........
9
1.2.
Percentage of Unit That Participated in Focus
Groups and/or Written Survey ..................
10
Positions Opened to Women by Law and Policy
Since April 1993.............................
12
Representation of Women in Newly Opened
Occupations ...............................
12
2.3.
Women in the Navy ..........................
25
2.4.
Current and Projected Female Marine Corps
Officers ...................................
29
Responses to the Question: “How Would You Rate
Your Readiness for a Combat Mission?” ...........
36
Responses to the Question: “How Would You Rate
Your Unit’s Readiness for a Combat Mission?” ......
36
Written Comments in Response to “Why Do You
Think Your Readiness and Your Unit’s Readiness
Is the Way It Is?” ............................
37
Answers to the Question: “How Would You Rank
the (Other) Women in Your Unit?” ...............
43
2.1.
2.2.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
ix
x
New Opportunities for Women
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.
3.8.
3.9.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
5.1.
5.2.
Responses of Men to the Questions: “How Do You
Rank Your Overall Work Performance Compared
to the Others That You Work With?” and “How Do
You Think Your Peers Would Rank Your Overall
Work Performance?” .........................
45
Responses of Women to the Questions “How Do
You Rank Your Overall Work Performance
Compared to the Others That You Work With?”
and “How Do You Think Your Peers Would Rank
Your Overall Work Performance?” ...............
46
Men’s Responses to the Question: “Do You Think
Women Should Be Allowed to Serve in Your
Occupation/Career Field?” ....................
48
Men’s Responses to the Question: “Do You Think
Women Should Be Allowed to Serve in Your
Occupation/Career Field?” ....................
49
Women’s Responses to the Question: “Do Your
Male Coworkers Seem to Think That Women
Should Be Allowed to Serve in Your
Occupation/Career Field?” ....................
49
Responses to the Question: “How Would You
Describe the Cohesiveness of Your Unit?” .........
55
Written Comments in Response to “Why Do You
Think Your Unit’s Cohesion Is the Way It Is?” .......
57
Responses to the Statement: “I Believe My
Coworkers and I Work Well Together” ............
57
Responses to the Statement: “I Believe that My
Coworkers and I Communicate Well” ............
58
Answers to the Question: “Does the Proportion of
Women to Men at Work Matter to You?” ..........
67
Responses to the Question “How Would You Rate
the Morale of Your Unit?” .....................
70
Attitude Toward Unit.........................
70
Tables
5.3.
xi
Written Comments in Response to “Why Do You
Think Your Morale and Your Unit’s Morale Is [Are]
the Way It Is [Are]?” ..........................
72
Are the Women in Your Unit (Are You) Being
Sexually Harassed? ..........................
75
DoD Study “Have You Been Sexually Harassed in
Any Way Within the Past Year?” .................
75
Percentage of Women Who Reported that Their
Coworkers Treated Them Differently .............
78
5.7.
How Are Women Treated Differently? ............
79
5.8.
Are Women Treated Differently? ................
79
5.9.
Responses to the Question: “Has Serving in This
Unit Made You More or Less Interested in Staying
in the Military?” ............................
83
Responses to the Question: “Do You Think Men
and Women Should Be Segregated During Basic
Training, or Integrated?” ......................
87
Answers to the Question: “When Women Are
Integrated Into Previously All-Male Units, How
Should They Be Assigned?” ....................
87
Responses to the Question: “If You Were Being
Sexually Harassed, Who Would You Be More
Comfortable Reporting It to?” ..................
88
Men’s Attitudes Regarding the Combat-Exclusion
Policy ....................................
90
Women’s Attitudes Regarding the CombatExclusive Policy .............................
91
Army Attitudes Regarding Combat Arms Career
Opportunities for Women .....................
91
Navy Attitudes Regarding Combat Arms Career
Opportunities for Women .....................
92
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
xii
6.8.
New Opportunities for Women
Marine Corps Attitudes Regarding Combat Arms
Career Opportunities for Women ................
92
Positions Opened to Women by Law and Policy
Since April 1993.............................
98
A.1.
Requested Sample Population ..................
105
A.2.
Typical Research Schedule.....................
107
B.1.
Air Force Positions That Remain Closed or
Restricted to Women .........................
112
Previously Closed Army Units Formally Open to
Women (Active Army as of October 1996) ..........
113
Career Fields and Occupations That Recently
Opened to Women ..........................
114
B.4.
Army Officer Career Fields That Remain Closed .....
114
B.5.
Army Enlisted Occupations That Remain Closed to
Women ...................................
115
B.6.
Newly Opened Ratings for Navy Enlisted Women ....
118
B.7.
Navy Positions Closed to Women ................
118
B.8.
Navy Units and Positions Closed to Women ........
119
B.9.
Navy-USMC Support Positions Closed to Women....
120
B.10.
Summary of Ship Assignments Available to
Women ...................................
121
Summary of Aviation Assignments Available to
Women ...................................
122
B.12.
Gender-Integrated Navy Combatant Ships .........
123
B.13.
Ships Scheduled for Gender Integration, FY98–
FY03 .....................................
126
Enlisted Navy Women in Traditional and
Nontraditional Occupations ...................
126
7.1.
B.2.
B.3.
B.11.
B.14.
Tables xiii
B.15.
Newly Opened Marine Corps Units and Positions ....
127
B.16.
Marine Corps Units and Positions That Remain
Closed....................................
128
B.17.
Newly Opened Marine Corps Occupations .........
129
C.1.
Number of Individuals That Participated in Focus
Groups and/or Written Survey ..................
131
Percentage of Unit That Participated in Focus
Groups and/or Written Survey ..................
132
Racial Demographics of Study Participants ........
132
C.2.
C.3.