PREFACE RAND’s National Defense Research Institute was asked to assess the performance of each military service in integrating women into previously closed military occupations and military units and the effects of this integration on defense readiness and morale. This study resulted from an item of special interest in the House Report for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997. Our study is a short analytical effort to evaluate the progress of these changes and the effect of this integration on selected units. This study was sponsored by the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, and it was carried out in the Forces and Resources Policy Center of RAND’s National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, and the defense agencies. iii