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I
NTERIIATIONAL CON FERENCE
ON TRADITIONAL CULTURE AND RANCAGE AWARD 201O
Auditorium of Yogyakarta State University,
May 29, 2010
oco I tl, itdorn
for Character Building
.l
i-\-
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
YOGYAKARTA STATE UN VERSlTY. INDONESlA
PROCEEDING
I
nternational Gonference
On Traditional Culture and Rancage Award 2010
Publishing lnstitute
Faculty of Languages and Arts Yogyakarta State University
Director of Publication
Zamzani
Chief Editor
Suwarna
Secretary
Suwardi
Hesti Mulyani
Editor
Sutrisna Wibawa
Endang Nurhayati
Mulyana
Lay Out
Sugeng Tri Wuryanto
Administrator
Joko Purwoko
Sugeng Tri Wuryanto
Address
Faculty of Languages and Arts Yogyakarta State University
ISBN : 979 820 433-6
2010 Yogyakarta State University
All right reserved. No part of this publication
May be reproduced without the prior written permission of
Yogyakarta State University
@
Printed in Yogy?rkarta
ByAsh Shaff
PROCEEDING
I
nternational Gonference
On Traditional Gulture and Rancage Award 2010
Yogyakarta, May 29, 2010
locol tllirdorn
for Character Building
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY
Table of Contents
Speech of International Conference by
Suwarna
I
Message from The Chairman of IKABUDI
International Conference on Regional
Opening
Cultural
Speech for International Conference on Culture
v
vi
Keynote Speech Konferensi Internasional Kebudayaan Daerah .............,,...... ix
Table of Contents
Invited Speakers' Papers
1
2
:
.i
-
tura Presentation About The cambia (The Smiling Coast of Africa)
Ebrima Sarr
Solomon Islands
Cyril Bernard Rachman
Leadership and Example Of Sri Susuhunan Paku Buwono X
A Philosophical and Ethical Reflection to Encourage Nationalism in Local
Wisdom Basic
Gunawan Sumodiningrat
Local Wisdom And Nation Development
Ajlp Rosidl
ValJes Peviral.zaton l't-oug- Educatio- Civ lization \-sarLara
Marsono
A Cu
10
22
36
Speakers'Papers
I
I
:
+
:
a
Cultural Relativism Ethics and Traditional ldiomatic of lava
Afendy
Education Based on Competence In Local Wisdom Through Kids Story on
Indonesian Language in Elementary Schoo
Agus Sutlkno
Common Sense Outlook on Loca Wisdom, Culture, and Identityi
A Contemporary Javanese Native's Experience
Asih Sigit Padmanugraha
Sundanese-Based Islanric Values Education on pre-school Children
Hj. Nunuy
The Potential Of l4alay And Javanese Languages and Culture on The Challenge
of Globalization
Widayat........
.............
................................
Nufjanah
Palna
Paftana
51
59
64
73
81
Folk ore Studies Of Nyadran Ceremony Among Javanese
In l4akam Sewu Bantul
Yogyakada
Eko
87
Is amic Influence on The Leadership of Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwana V
Endang
........................... 108
The Comrnitment Bhisma's in Order politeness
Santosa
7
Nurhayati
5
Hardiyanto................
....................... 1f4
9 ConcepUon of Worthiness in Javanese Living in The Text Grdnda Budaya
Hestl Mu/yani............
..............................,,.... 122
10 Folklore and Human Value Developrnen n Multjlingual Setting
I Ketut Warta
............................. .. 129
11 The Value Local Wisdomsin Babad Nitik Su/tan Agung
Kamldjan................
............................... 143
xlv
12
Studies and Implications of cameful Tembang Dolanan to Nation Youths lloral
Instruction in Primary and Secondary Education
Maryaeni
....................... 161
f4erapi SpiritualTourism:Tracing The Javanesse Values of Local Wisdom
....................... 173
Ruwahan Traditional Ritual
Nanny Sri
...........,,.......... 181
Phllosophy of Suryomentarami An Analysis of Indonesian Contemporary Novel
Based on Avanese Ethnic
Nurhadi and Dian Swandayani
...................... 191
Integration of The l4anners in The Javanese Language Learning as Alternative
Revitalization of Local Wisdom
............... ....... 206
Local Wisdom Teaching in Serat Sastra cendhing
Purwadl
.................,..... 227
The Discourse About Tembang Macapafas Expression of Cognition System and
Local Wisdom of Java Ethnic
D.B. Putut Setiyadi
....................... 237
The Revitalization of Folktales frorn West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and
I,ladura as The Psychological Solution of Dayak-14aduranese Conflict
Rahmah
....................... 253
Traditional Javanese Houser The Transformation of Single Into lyultifamily
Dwellings
Retna
.................................... 265
Japanese and lavanese Architecturej Comparative Study of Sustainability
Approaches
Silfra Mona
............................... 272
The Power of Story (Dewa Ruci): An Offer System of Learning Literature by
Multicultural Perspective
..................................., 282
Understanding Raditional Expressions as Javanese Local Wisdom in Generating
Societal Harmony
Sitl Mulyani
.................... 295
The Study of Javanese and The Enforcement of lavanese Culture Value
SriHartt Wdyastuti
....................... 304
Preserving.lavanese Culture Hrough Javanese Traditional Wedding package
Suha/ti
....................... 310
and
Interesting
Javanese
Learning
l\4odel
Quick
........ .............. 320
Ethical Values in Javanese Leadership in Wedhatamaverces
Sutrisna
......................, 332
Etic Values Towards on l4emayu Hayuning Bawana in The Mystic Ljterature of
JavaneseSpiritua Belief
...................
13
Mu/yana....................
14
Lestari......
15
16
....................
Nurhidayati...............
17
.....................
18
...
19
Purwahida..
20
Hidayah..........
21
Aryani.....
22
Sitilsnaniah..............
23
...............
24
..
25
......................
26
Sukirno..........-...........
27
Wibawa.......
28
5uwardi.....................
................................342
29 Traditional Cetenony "Tuk Si Bedhud' an Art Encouragement as Tourism Asset
Suwarna.........
.................................353
30 The Trace of Yasadipura I1: A Surakarta's Poet, The Devotee of Five King
Venny Indria Ekawatl
....................., 364
31 Rendezvous with The Local Wisdom of Indonesian Culture in The Novel
Negeri 5 Llenara
Yu/iTri Rahayu and Sukasih Ratna
Widayati.........
............
381
INVITED SPEAKERS' PAPERS
CULTURAL RELATIVISM ETHICS AND TRADITIONAL IDIOMATIC OF JAVA
Byi Afendy Widayat
Department of Regional Language Education/ Faculty of Languages and Afts,
Yogyakarta State University
Abstract
Harry J, Gensler divide ethics lines into several types and one of these t/pes are
:,irura/ relativism,fhis ethics line has similarities in lava ethics genaraliy. Both of these lines
:'ethics has the advantages and weaknesses, The advantages are able to tolerate for
::veloping harmonious condition which is reflected into idiomaIc, like titi, tata, tentrem,
,'. xereas the weaknesses are developed appearance (lamis). it mea ns that people accept the
: lerence from other, but not outwardly and by heart. In the social and state life, the
-:rmon ous condltion must be jdeal forrn of society/ but in the assesing something rnust be
::re
openly and good manners, so will result harmonious condition which is not appearance.
L lntroduction
Romo Franz l'4agnis Susena (1984r 6), when discuss Java ethics, describes .'that
::-cs s all of norm and assesment that is used by people to know how should people
-r
ement their ife". Ethicss relate to anything about value, because ethics actually discuss
:-:
case of citation about good and bad value. These qualities value is named virtue that
,.ios te wrckedness, it
means the bad characteristjcs, so people
ui
ho has these charakterics
:- ramed bad firoral. Actually ethics is rnore related to the justjficatlon basis principles human
:*;i!de (Kattsoff/ 2004: 341).
I|
fact good and bad value often can be viewed from several aspect and this vjew
--iJ ts different opinion. Therefore ln ethicss
:
-ior'r. This paper w ll discuss one of eth
be found the llnes of ethicss suitable with each
cs ines,
comp y wtth Harry J. Gensler (19e8),
:,,ttura/ Relativlsm (aR). This discusson reates
to the mora
concept
it
is
of Java ethics,
::recially that reflects n the form of Java traditional and the possibility solves the weakness
:;
:he effort to shape character of nation.
I1, Cultura! Relativism
and Java Ethics
A. Good and Bad
Cu/tuta/ Relativlsme (CR) describes good and bad human attitude depend
on
social
r:.ventons that is gven by tradtion. The basis principle of morality is showed on social
::rventions and is used to basis norm of interaction (Gensler,199B:10). Comply with
'-:etnatianal Conference An Tradttlonal Culture And "Rancaoe" Av,/ard 201A
':iyakarta, 14av 29, 2A10
51
Poedjawijatna, assesment about good and bad
is
based
on six view of
philosophyl
hedonisffre, ut itarianisme, vitalisme, soslalisme, rellgioslsme and humanisme.
1,
Sosialjsm. According
to this concept good and bad ls determined and based
on
customs and traditons,This view s caled the concept of sosialisme, which is based
on hlrnan who socalize each other. The East and West customs and traditions
is
different. People has not the right to punish that this customs are good and that
customs are bad, but they can be sald that this custorns are diffrcult to use general
measures, because its ungeneralities.
2.
Hedonism. According
to this concept good and bad is determjned and based on
getting pleasure, enjoyment and satisfaction of biological passions. First, this opinion
is said by Filosof Epicurus (341-270 SM) from ancient Greek, than is developed by
Cyrecnics and is blosomed in the modern era by Sigrnund Freud.
3.
Intulsism. Accordjng
to this concept good and bad ls determined and based on
intuition, inst nct or volce of heaft. This concept not on y is mantioned as intuisionisrr
but also humanisrn.
4.
LlU
iterianism. Accordlng to thls concept good and bad is determined and based on
ull ity, that means the power of useful{. Thls views is too extreme to jnterpret now
and deve ope as the concept of materialistic, e.q.: the oldest people is entrusted to
od
folks' nstltut on in the some welfare state.
5. Vta
sm. According
to this concept good and bad is
determined and based on
refectiof of hurian ife subjugation power. This concept is practiced by feodalism
goverrnent to the u/eak peope (minority). Now this concept has turned by
democracy.
6.
Religiossm. Accord ng to this concept good and bad is determined and based on
desire of God in the theological convlction. This concept is considered the best ethics,
but it become stepping stone for exped's thinking, because this concept is not yet
qeneral and objective (Poedjawiyatna, 1998i7-15).
Cultural
Re
atjvisffr (CR) is one of ethics concept that its basic teachings is that good
and bad depend on cultural assesments or social conventlons whlch is consldered as legacies
of ancestors. Good s f it is convented by soca assesment. Thus CR assesment of good and
bad ls inc uded socialsm categories.
The follo\\rer of relativisrl accepts some education, slnce chlldhood, about what
is
qood and bad from soclety, traditions and custorns which become some stable convinction in
the socially approved. The value of rnoral is formed by past-society. They concider that the
other soc ety has each traditions, customs, conventionsand cultures, which is become good
Internattanal Conference An Traditional Culture And 'Rancaoe" Awar.l 201a
Yogyakarta, l4ay 29, 2A1A
52
norm themselves. Therefore no objectivities moral about some that is said good. The moral
is not absolute, Every culture has moral itself. They can not justify that the other culture
is
false and tolerance attitude is better.
Java ethics is similar with cR. Some attitude is good and bad have implanted step by
step since childhood, like through parent's education, and society that refers to culture which
prevails in society. lava people accept good and bad teachings from legacy of ancestors, The
knowledge from ancestors and society about Java cultural ethics that considers adiluhung:
abo$ tata krama that is related to body movements, series of sit down, contents and shape
of talking, e.g.: language teachings to regard others is teaching by degrees of speech, that is
known undha-usuk of Java, This is teaching since the children begin talking.
usuk
h
lhe undha-
of laval contenls basa krama that sorne courteous language to regard others and older
people (Suseno, 1984; 45),
B. Difference of Moral Ideology in
west Ethics and Java Ethics
]n the relation with other culture, Java customs implant relative value, This teaching
reflects in proverb desa mawa cara negara mawa tatal that rrF-ans "each village and country
has order and way
of life country or traditions, customs, conventions and culture, But
according to Romo Magnis, Java ethics is different from West ethics. West ethics is preferred
to follow ethical ideology of lmrnanuel Kant. That is obligation ethics, Whereas Java ethics is
preferred to Aristotelian ethics. That is wisdom ethics, like that is reflected in prcvetb sepi
ing pamrih rame ing gawe. This proverb emphasizes social harmony (Suseno, 1984: 223225). Relativisrn Java ethics contents idiomatic becik (lood) and a/a (bad), but no especially
idiomatic that means wicked and the word a/a not only means about moral (Suseno, 1984:
210), Java ethics doesn't order to do the
duty nullifl/ wicked
attitudes, but relatively only
suggestf because ala dan bectk arc alwasy together, although there contents idiomatic ,eclk
ketitik ala ketara (Tood and bad will be known).
Java ethics prohibits ideology that the wicked is forbidden. The true attitude is always
relative appropriate with place (Suseno/ 1984: 211), This appears on lhe idiomatirc empan
papaO lhat means 'good and bad, even the true and false has different place, situation and
certalnly different in application.
In the its opinion of moral, CR look into its own soclefy ln monolith, all have to
adhere obllgation ethlcs, Ideally Java ethlcs doesn't far dlffer, But that way, like have been
lald open by Romo lvlagnls, Java ethlcs ls not strlngent oblige that ethlcs ldealism applying,
Rorno l'4agnis express with the wisdom ethics, non obligation ethics. This matter also mirror
in applying of enpan
apapan which is also applied
in parts of from Java society by
Internatianal Canfercnce On Traditional Culture And "Rancaae" Award 2010
Yaqya ka rta, 1,4 ay 29, 20 1 A
53
themselves. This n'ratter happen because Java society themselves, in fact also have
jmmeasurable, concerning social situation in the certain Java society group, and also
lndividua condition which makes its background, If CR look into the other dissimilar society
by plura ism so that all tolerance according to each culture
papan
he )ava society
(
censler, I988:U), in enpan
realize that the other society may themselves, but tradition, customs,
its social convention have djffered because its place difference.
Ethics of Java and CR generally more having the character as caring ethics. Differ
from the juslice ethics assuming equal all treatrnent and action, caring ethics is contextual,
situational and also focus on concrete people and its requirement, people ts seen in
persona relation and social relation with the relation
interdependence
(
of
a
emotional involvement and
Suseno, 2005: 238). Thls Java ethics doesn't very ernphasize justice
ethics/ but using wsdom ethics. This ls like that is mjrrored in concept of empan papan,
concept on bener ning ara pener and concept ngono yo gono ning aja ngono.
The conception
of
empan papan assumes that the applying ever),thing must not
equal, thus n ust be adapted for situation and condtton of its different object. Thls matter
also happen in assessing ever\,,thing, so in its execution, it claims the carefulness.
Conception af bener ninq ara penerassumes that truth is not yet of course precisely.
Thus the truth can be relative and may not be forced. Truth have to precisely in general,
specially in
the
context of Java ethics. someone can be assumed correct, but when exited
from iava ideallsn], truth was assurning wrong,
Conception
of ngona yes nqono ning aja ngono assumes that everything don't
be
abundant. One who feel the correctness/ needn't play jokes on or express strongly wrong at
one who differ. Even at one who are clearly wrong, needn,t be abundant in blarn ng, for
example mortlfying publicly.
Conception lhe empao papan, bener ning ora pener dan ngono ya ngona ning a|a
ngono very often must be appl ed wise y, doesn't emphasize the obliged attitude to obliging
applied in equal, therefore/ like above have been touched, that Java ethics js not obligaUon
cs Thls Java ethics doesnt tend to become utopjc, what is in Java
term named o/a mu/uk muluk ( their desire is not too tall), and jn other concept is often
ethics, but wisdom eth
ideal zed with the tetm sak madya ( sufficiently, snugly and precise).
C, The Excellenee of CR and Java Ethics
The Excellence of CR and.lava ethics is relatively equal, that this ethics have
developed and maintained the very stronq tolerance. so it can avoid the social conflict
Intenational Canference an Tradltional Cuhure And 'Rancaoe,,Award 2a1a
Yagyakarta, l\4ay 29, 2Al0
54
openly. Every difference is as able to be accepted by follower of CR and Java ethlcs. In Java
ethics the tolerance attitude is as that is rnircted in idior",alic tepa slira.
The word tepa is frequently said as repeat wotd tepa-tepa which intended to equal
means with tepa s/ira, Word lepa itself has the similar meaning with the word oF terak or
Lapak, meaning shadow or result draw of shadow or ex- body or the part of body at one
particular area. Whereas the word seliro nears sell. Theword of tepa seltrais morehavng
a meaning as jmperative thus it means to tread or mirror or conceive at thernselves,
For Java, all the forrn of attitude !\/ill be submitted to the others and former
y
is
assessed its level truth through consideration which is in the form of logical consequence
wiil be happened \^/hen this subn'rltted attitude form is happened to thernselves. The logical
consequence/ in this case, to be concern with feeling to what is possible felt by others.
Through this concept
of tepa sellro, everything that exist in others can be felt
as
somethlng that become its own property. Therefore also various negative assessrnent or
I try to feel ot dithinthingi as value befalling
how if something that happens in others happen to
chop that everything exists in others, wi
then]selves, or quest to themselves,
themselves.
In the other form the concept of tepa sellro is often said in the form of expectancy
from others as perpetrator/ lhis is mbok ya sing tepa-tepa ( we riust behave tepa sellro) or
feel ill,
therefore don't pinch the others). The concept of tepa seliro is relatively dominant to be
with the term yen dilwit tku krasa lara ya aja njiwit liyan( if we is pinched, we will
basis the tolerance attitude, Caused by this tolerance concept/ society almost always can be
strived to have attitude respect the other parly, harmonious and reconciliation condition.
Respect
to
difFerence understand,
in
personal level, step by step
will be strived its
adjustment through repeatedly logic consideration. This n'ratter in culture of Java is known
with the expression dlgelardigulung, thls means thought and felt repeatedly.
Through this concept of tepa seliro, expand ng a lot of Java teaching supporting, for
exarnp e so
that aja ngina, aja ngemlngke, aja gampang waonan, aja gampang sewiyah, aja
dumeh, aja gampang mitenah, aja srei-drengki-jat/-nethakl, and aja aji mumpung,
Aja ngemingke means that don't look down the others, rnuch the same meaning with
the concept of aja ngtna which means that don't affront. This concept suggests people to
don't look down or affront to the others, This concept is often based on by other concept,
thal
ts
ja/ma tan kena klntra. The Concept af jalma tan kena kinlra means that human being
cannot be estimated to be debased its ability, because human being frequently own the high
ab riLy w5 ch
ofte-
s r o 5een oy orhers.
Internatianal Conference On Traditional Culture And "Rancaae" Award 201A
Yasyakarta, May 29, 2A1A
55
Aja ganpang waonan means that don't easy to inveigh, This teaching go into not
wrong peope. and wrong people. This means though clear make a mistake, others is
expected to don't inveigh easily.
Aja gampang sewiyah means that don't easily affront or despise the others. ,4la
dumeh neans that don't arrogant because you have higher capable or do sornething
because we feel as deeper
in the matters. Like the teaching ot aja gampang waonanl
ajasewlyah and aja dumeh implicitly also teach in order don't behave to bluff themselves,
don't exhibit, etc.
Aja gampang mitenah means that don't libel easily, AJa srei-drengkt-jall-methakll
means don't heartburning easily, maiiclous, llke to bother and pretend in comrnand. As for
aja aji mumpung means don't abundant because of having the opportunity. Despite a/b
gampang mitenahl aja srel-drengkl-jail-methaki/, and aja aji mumpung, it implicitly teaches
in order that don't to misuse ability.
Various idioffratic above rnainly is used in order to maintaining harmonious condltion,
Harmonious condition in ideal idion.ratic of Java is enclosed in lerr-l titL tata, tentrem
(
nally l
arranged and peaceful).
According to Gensler, the probems of CR is how sornebody reacts the difference
things usher the social group. Than CR determlnes some attitude that kindliness or badness
not be at the one of the parties the social group. It is ttue at one particular some level, CR of
some group might possibly be wrong, but it doesn't roean that the overall of ethics,s group is
wrong. CR often becorne nconsistent, in one real the correct party is his, but he also agree
the others differ ( Gensler,1988:15-16).
In this case, weakness which is there are jn Java ethics for exarnple the happening of
sham respect in other culture. Tolerance frequenfly only limited to vjsible attitude (body),
doesn't reach at full acceptance (body and soul or heart). This matter in Java is referred as
lamis (is rat w th full heart). This generate the lnconsistent, In its relation with this matter,
often there are gib ng for Java culture, namely nggih-nggih ra kepangglht that means .,they
say yes but is not executed" at aplk ngarep mbendhol mburi, that means " nice when is
rneeting but a period of rear, in its mind or heart".
In one side there are idiornatic af desa mawa cara negara mawa tata that means to
respect the good and bad view, of others, on the other hand also there are idiomattc of ora
Jawa
(
one isn't Java) or durunq Jawa ( one :s not yet Java) having a meaning sofftebody
cannot behave llke idealism in Java ethics.
In direct relation,
though Java think that
somebody is not ethical and cla ms ora Jawa or durung Jawa, but Java ethics avoids the
Internaft)nal Canference An fraditianal Culture And "Rancaoe', Award 201A
Yagyakarta, f,1ay 29, 201A
56
:.nflict opened to go to the harmonious condition, This concept, making lava eihic5, a::e:=
:-e good and bad other ethics, but jt is often not with fulFhead,
Despite, there often happen the double standard using to friends or people from
!roup of themselves and frlends or people frorn other group, Friends or one who born as lts
lroup ls often assumed better than friends or people from group of their outside, In Java
:llture this term [s recognized with pllih sih ( favoritism) or mban clndhe mban si/adan (
:ard
ng w th the shawl and candling with the keen bamboo cleft).
The conception af Jawa and ora Jawa
:-.: ls
is
very visible in idiomatic wong Tanah Jawa
contrast wilh wonq Sabrang, especlally in culture of purwa puppets. In purwa
.Jppets, knight
at
Wong Tanah Jawa ts always presented
a refinement and not
good
a:i tude, while Wang Sabrang is often presented harsh or in term of java that is called ,L/fa.
)i
cavse Wong Sabrang there non simply interpreted Java and Outside Java, by locative,
:Jt
is interpreted outside idealism of Java ethjcs, either through public and also is applied by
:artain Java group. Among Yogyakarta, Surakada, Semarang and so on, in the case of
:erlain can differ.
III. Revitalization
of Java Ethics
From above description presumably can be pulled summery betvveen CR and Java
:ihlcs, what ln some cases is almost same / though isn't all of these can be same merely, For
CR and bad and good view Java ethics have been determined since oJd world which have
..me to the pertinent culture value.
CR and Java Ethics look that bad and good value becoming oiher cultural view,
:olerable. Tolerance attitude to matters that exist in other people or culture/ for Java ethics
represents the effort go to the social harmonious condition. This condition Tepresents some
rnatter emphasized or made significant and reaiized through teachings which is system c,
that is for example through traditional idiomatic
oF
lava.
Harnronious condition as ideallsm of course is acceptable in general, but step the
to erance
at random must be re-considered, especially in attitude or wrong move whch
s
concerning loss other group in general, Harmonious condition as result from tolerance, n
last is often referred safety/ but in the reality it contajn the together mistake by
cerlain
qroup. This matter ike this which must is not lenient,
The Weakness of CR and Java ethics is vlsible in reacts the difFerence usher socia
9roup. For Java elhicsf acceptance about the badness and goodness other culture, often only
illusion or appearance ot lamis,
circurnstance rernain
da I
with full-heart, especially only in order to taking care of
to be harmonious, which
rneans
that isnt happened the
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faQyakarta, l',lay 29, 201A
opened
57
conflict,
1a,,/7/5
condition generally isn't acceptable of course, because delays problems and
doesn't finish the problems, Therefore must be civilized an opened attitude which will to qive
the criticisrn to other receptive and group.
On the other slde decent attitude of course must be fought in crjticism culture, good
in order to straightening a rnistake of themselves and also other people or group, Criticizing
and refusing with the open attitude/ or perform demonstraflon is permitted, but having to
decent, and needn't destroy etc. This matter requires to be emphasized to remain
rnaintaining of the harrnonious condition/ and isnt sham or pretended harmonious, so
harmonizauon in the society, nation and state of Indonesia Will be realized eminently.
Reference:
Birsch, Douglas. I99q. Ethicsal Insights,
Ma'.field Pub ishing Company
A Brief Introdudion. Mountain View
California:
Gensler, Harry J. 1,988. Ethicss, A Contemporary Jntroduction New york, Routledqe.
Kattsoff, Louis O. 2004. Pengantar Filsafat, terj. Soejono Soemargono. yogyakartat Tiara
Wacana
l4ulder, Niels, L996, Pribadi dan Masyarakat diJawar Jakarla: pustaka sinar harapan
PoedjawUatna, 1998. Etika, Filsafat Tingkah Laku, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta,
Suseno, Franz l,lagnis, 1984, Etika lawa: Sebuah Analisa Falsafi tentang Kebjjaksanaan
Hldup, )akaftat PT Gramedia
*--,2005.
Pijar Pijat Filsafat.Yoqyakarta: Kanisius.
Internatianal Conference On Traditianal Cutture And,'Rancaae,, Award 2010
Yogyakarta, May 29, 2A1A